Unit 3 Electricity 课时练习 2024-2025学年牛津上海版英语八年级下册

Unit 3 Electricity Exercise 1 Ⅰ. Choose the best answer. ( )1. Which of the following is true for“wire”? A. /weə/ B. /wɪə/ C. /'waɪə/ D. /'wɪri/ ( )2. Electricity flows a thin wire and comes into our flats. A. on B. over C. across D. through ( )3. Benny gave his dad example of what electricity was. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( )4. It is impossible for smart robots human workers completely in the near future. A. replace B. replacing C. to replace D. replaced ( )5. If you trick someone, you make him/ her look . Which of the following is WRONG? A. fool B. foolish C. stupid D. silly ( )6. —— I use your mobile phone to make a call? —— Yes, you may. Here you are. A. Can B. Could C. May D. Must ( )7. —— Must we hand in the homework right now, sir? —— . You can hand it in later. A. No, you mustn't B. No, you needn't C. No, you shouldn't D. No, you can't ( )8. It's hard to tell what electricity is like because it is . A. interesting B. impossible C. unusual D. invisible ( )9. To be safe, cables under the street or road. A. are buried B. bury C. are burnt D. burn ( )10. the government has taken action against pollution, it is still serious. A. Because B. When C. Although D. Until ( )11. Do you know to buy? A. what did Benny want B. what Benny wanted C. how did Benny want D. how Benny wanted ( )12. —— Saving electricity is as important as saving water. ——— . Both are important. A. No, I don't agree B. That's all right C. I don't suppose so D. That's right Ⅲ. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms. 1. To be a student, you must work hard. (success) 2. This is the time Daisy has visited Shanghai. (two) 3. To enjoy the beauty of , we should go outdoors. (natural) 4. Don't eat too many . They' re bad for your teeth. (sweet). 5. Mr Hu told Joe to why he came late again. (explanation). 6. The shop assistant always receives her customers . (polite) 7. Daisy has a younger brother. is very naughty and tricky.(him) Ⅳ. Complete the following sentences as required. 1. Benny often tried to trick Daisy. (改为否定句) Benny often to trick Daisy. 2. Ann cannot paint pictures, ?(补全反意疑问句) 3. Electricity is a rather dangerous servant. (改为感叹句) dangerous servant electricity is! 4. Prince George is a cute, lovely boy with blue eyes. (对画线部分提问) does Prince George look ? 5. People mustn't smoke in public places in Shanghai. (保持原句意思) People to smoke in public places in Shanghai. 6. electricity, we, energy, can, different forms of, change… into(连词成句) Choose the best answer. On the night of 1 December 1930, a thick fog moved over the Meuse Valley, in Belgium. Many factories in the valley released smoke into the air. That created a black smog, which was made up of smoke and fog. People in the valley began to cough and had difficulty breathing. The smog existed for four days. During that time, thousands of people got ill. The hospitals were crowded with patients. Sixty people died. Most of them were older people with heart and lung problems. Finally, a heavy rain washed away the smog. Scientists studied the causes of the disaster.They concluded that the diseases and deaths were caused by harmful chemicals in the air from the factories. The first reported event of this kind in the United States happened in Donora, a factory town in a valley near Pittsburgh. In 1948, a serious smog made half of the local citizens sick, and seventeen die. Again, the had weather had the worst effect on the older people with lung or heart problems. London, England, has always been known for its“black fogs”. In the winter of 1952, a milky white fog rolled into the city. It soon turned into a heavy smog as the smoke of the burning of coal by families and factories rose into the air. It was invisible, so people had to walk in front of the buses to guide them. The smog existed for a week.As a result, over 5,000 people died and another 8,000 were killed a month later. ( )1. What happened to the Meuse Valley? A. A heavy flood. B. A heavy snow. C. A heavy smog. D. A fierce storm. ( )2. According to the passage, the underlined word“patients” probably means“ ”. A. sick people B. doctors C. nurses D. healthy people ( )3. Where is the factory town called Donora? A. In Belgium. B. In America. C. In Britain. D. In Australia. ( )4. Why did London people have to guide the buses by walking in front in the winter of 1952? A. Because they preferred walking to riding. B. Because an accident stopped the buses. C. Because none of the buses worked well. D. Because the drivers couldn't see clearly. ( )5. How many people lost their lives in and after the 1952 London smog? A. 13 thousand. B. 5 thousand. C. 8 thousand. D. 13 hundred. Exercise 2 Ⅰ. Choose the best answer. ( )1. Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation? A. sure B. measure C. pleasure D. decision ( )2. Anyone must be always careful electricity. A. at B. for C. to D. with ( )3. Ann can play chess but she cannot play guitar. A. the;/ B. /; the C./;/ D. the; the ( )4. Miss Li always encourages us an active part in class activities. A. take B. taking C. to take D. took ( )5. It's foolish to repeat similar mistakes, isn't it? A. making B. made C. to make D. make ( )6. —— Must I hand in my class project by Friday, sir? —I'm afraid you . A. needn't B. need C. mustn't D. must ( )7. Joe worked hard at his Maths and passed his Maths test . A. at most B. at first C. at last D. at least ( )8. Passengers go through safety checks at the airport before boarding. A. can B. must C. may D. need ( )9. Benny TV to watch the show“The Most Powerful Brain”. A. opened up B. turned off C. switched off D. switched on ( )10. My grandpa is too old to use the smart TV, smart kitchen, a smartphone. A. or B. and C. but D. so ( )11. Can you tell me with one another? A. how trees communicated B. how do trees communicate C. how trees communicate D. how did trees communicate ( )12. —— , how can I get to the Bund from here? —— Sorry, I'm new here. A. Excuse me B. Hello C. Nice to meet you D. I'm sorry Ⅲ. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms. 1. The 2-year-old baby girl can dress every morning. (she) 2. The students take a test , that is, once a month. (month) 3. We can turn electricity into different forms of . (energetic) 4. The couple plan to have a to look after their baby. (serve) 5. It's for humans to move to Mars in the near future. (possible) 6. Cindy is a good girl, who well at home and school. (behaviour) 7. We should recycle used instead of throwing them into bins. (battery) Ⅳ. Complete the following sentences as required. 1. Daisy's father believes in safety first at home. (改为一般疑问句) Daisy's father in safety first at home? 2. Don't open the door, ?(补全附加问句) 3. Benny was looking foolish in the end. (对画线部分提问) Benny looking in the end? 4. Tom can speak two languages. (保持原句意思) Tom is speak two languages. 5. Where is water made clear again? I wonder. (合并为复合句) I wonder water made clear again. 6. to, explained everything, her customers, shop assistant, politely, the (连词成句) _____________________________________________________________________________ Exercise 3 Ⅰ. Choose the best answer. ( )1. Which of the following is true for“iron”? A. /'aɪərən/ B. /'aɪən/ C. /aɪ'rən/ D. /ɪ'rɒn/ ( )2. Benny borrowed some books and magazines the school library. A. to B. with C. for D. from ( )3. We cannot see oxygen because it is invisible gas. A. the B. / C. an D. a ( )4. The electrician asks children electricity wires. A. not to touch B. to not touch C. don't touch D. not touching ( )5. Parents must stop their children from dangerous things to themselves. A. do B. does C. doing D. did ( )6. Almost everyone is connected with smart technology in one way or . A. other B. another C. others D. the other ( )7. The Great Wall is one of the new world . A. wonderfully B. wonderful C. wonders D. wonder ( )8. As the English saying goes, “a friend in need is a friend .” A. instead B. indeed C. really D. truly ( )9. Do you know how paper wood? A. is made from B. is made in C. makes from D. makes in ( )10. In a laboratory, students must do their experiments the teacher asks them to. A. until B. if C. since D. as ( )11. Do you know his learning task? A. when John can finish B. when John could finish C. when can John finish D. when could John finish ( )12. —— Electricity is our helpful but dangerous servant. A. All right B. That's all right C. Not really D. I quite agree Ⅲ. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms. 1. China is the largest country in the world. (three) 2. A microwave oven is used to food before we eat it. (hot) 3. The in used batteries are harmful to the environment. (chemistry) 4. Miss Lin often her waist to see if she gets thinner. (measurement) 5. TV sets, fridges and air conditioners are all appliances. (electricity) 6. In fact, most of the daily in America are manufactured in China. (good) 7. Chinese COMPASS(北斗导航) can calculate the distances very . (accurate) Ⅳ. Complete the following sentences as required. 1. Ann can play chess and the piano. (改为否定句) Ann play chess the piano. 2. Please switch off the lights before you leave, ?(补全附加问句) 3. Benny’ s father was very angry with his staff in the office. (改为感叹句) Benny’ s father was with his staff in the office! 4. The manager asked his staff to behave properly in the office. (对画线部分提问) the manager ask his staff to behave in the office? 5. Benny wonders what life would be like without electricity. (保持原句意思) Benny to what life would be like without electricity. 6. to relax, believes that, a good way, listening to music, Daisy, is (连词成句) ___________________________________________________________________________ Exercise 4 Ⅰ. Choose the best answer. ( )1. farms, electrical machines milk cows and chop their food. A. In B. At C. To D. On ( )2. Tom can play football but cannot play piano. A. the; the B. /;/ C. /; the D. the;/ ( )3. My English teacher always allows us up in class. A. speak B. to speak C. speaking D. spoke ( )4. Now junior students must practise English to do better in oral tests. A. speaking B. saying C. to speak D. to say ( )5. Work hard you' ll do better and better in your study. A. or B. but C. so D. and ( )6. —— Must I stay in the classroom after school, sir? —— . We can solve the problem right now. A. No, you may not B. No, you mustn't C. No, you needn't D. No, you can't ( )7. —— Daisy, your mum is coming to see you. —— It be her. She has just gone to London on a business trip. A. mustn't B. can't C. may not D. needn't ( )8. The teaching staff a meeting at the hall at the moment. A. is having B. was having C. has had D. will have ( )9. Don't leave the tap running you are brushing your teeth. A. before B. after C. while D. until ( )10. Students wonder to have robotic teachers instead of human ones. A. that it is possible B. whether it is possible C. if is it possible D. whether is it possible ( )11. —— May I touch and feel the painting of Mona Lisa on the wall? —— . That' ll damage it. A. Yes, please B. All right C. No, you needn't D. No, you mustn't Ⅲ. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms. 1. We usually go with friends when we eat out. (half) 2. are always well received in a KFC store. (custom) 3. Peter gave an for being late this morning. (explain) 4. In China, Teachers' Day is on the of September. (ten) Exercise 1 Ⅰ. Choose the best answer 1. C：“wire”的发音是 /'waɪə/，所以选C。 2. D：“through”表示“穿过（内部）”，电通过细电线进入我们的公寓，“flow through”符合语境；“on”在……上面；“over”在……上方；“across”表示“穿过（表面）”，所以选D。 3. B：“example”是以元音音素开头的单词，“give sb. an example of...”表示“给某人举一个……的例子”，所以用“an”，选B。 4. C：“It is + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth.”是固定句型，意为“对某人来说做某事是……的”，所以这里用“to replace”，选C。 5. A：“fool”是名词或动词，“foolish”“stupid”“silly”都是形容词，“make sb. look + 形容词”表示“使某人看起来……”，这里“fool”词性不符，选A。 6. C：根据答语“Yes, you may.”可知，问句用“May I...?”来表示请求许可，选C。“Can I...”和“Could I...”也可表示请求，但答语一般不用“you may”；“Must I...”表示“我必须……吗”，与语境不符。 7. B：“Must we...?”的否定回答用“No, you needn't.”，表示“不，你们不必”，选B。“mustn't”表示“禁止”；“shouldn't”表示“不应该”；“can't”表示“不能”，都不符合语境。 8. D：根据“It's hard to tell what electricity is like”可知，电很难描述是什么样的，因为它是“invisible”（看不见的）；“interesting”有趣的；“impossible”不可能的；“unusual”不寻常的，都不符合，选D。 9. A：“cables”（电缆）与“bury”（埋）之间是被动关系，要用被动语态“be + 过去分词”，“are buried”表示“被埋”；“burn”是“燃烧”的意思，不符合语境，选A。 10. C：“Although”表示“尽管”，引导让步状语从句，“尽管政府已经采取了对抗污染的行动，但污染仍然很严重”，符合逻辑；“Because”因为；“When”当……时候；“Until”直到，都不符合，选C。 11. B：这是一个宾语从句，从句要用陈述句语序，即“引导词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他”，所以排除A和C（这两个选项是疑问句语序）；“how”表示“怎样”，“what”表示“什么”，这里“buy”后缺少宾语，应该用“what”，选B。 12. D：“That's right”表示“那是对的”，符合“节约用电和节约用水一样重要”“两者都很重要”的语境；“No, I don't agree”我不同意；“That's all right”没关系；“I don't suppose so”我不这样认为，都不符合，选D。 Ⅲ. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms 1. successful：“student”是名词，前面用形容词修饰，“success”的形容词是“successful”，“a successful student”表示“一个成功的学生”。 2. second：“the + 序数词”表示“第……”，“two”的序数词是“second”，“the second time”表示“第二次”。 3. nature：“of”是介词，后接名词，“natural”的名词是“nature”，“the beauty of nature”表示“大自然的美”。 4. sweets：“many”后接可数名词复数，“sweet”作“糖果”讲时是可数名词，“sweets”表示“糖果”。 5. explain：“tell sb. to do sth.”表示“告诉某人做某事”，“explanation”是名词，其动词形式是“explain”，所以这里填“explain”。 6. politely：“receives”是动词，要用副词修饰，“polite”的副词是“politely”，“receives her customers politely”表示“礼貌地接待她的顾客”。 7. He：这里作主语，要用主格形式，“him”是宾格，“he”是主格，指代“Daisy的弟弟”，所以填“He”。 Ⅳ. Complete the following sentences as required 1. didn't; try：原句是一般过去时，“tried”是实义动词，变否定句要借助助动词“didn't”，后面的动词“tried”还原为“try”。 2. can she：反意疑问句遵循“前否后肯”的原则，“cannot”是否定形式，所以后面用肯定形式“can she”。 3. What a：感叹句的结构之一是“What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语！”，“dangerous servant”是“形容词 + 可数名词单数”结构，“dangerous”是以辅音音素开头，所以用“What a”。 4. What; like：对“a cute, lovely boy with blue eyes”（一个有着蓝色眼睛的可爱男孩）提问，是问“乔治王子长什么样”，用“What does... look like?”结构。 5. aren't allowed：“mustn't”表示“禁止”，“be not allowed to do sth.”表示“不被允许做某事”，原句是一般现在时，主语“People”是复数，所以用“aren't allowed”。 6. We can change electricity into different forms of energy：根据所给单词，“We”作主语，“can change... into...”表示“能把……变成……”，“electricity”作“change”的宾语，“different forms of energy”作“into”的宾语，所以连成句子是“We can change electricity into different forms of energy”。 阅读理解 1. C：根据“On the night of 1 December 1930, a thick fog moved over the Meuse Valley, in Belgium. Many factories in the valley released smoke into the air. That created a black smog”可知，默兹山谷发生了严重的烟雾事件，选C。 2. A：根据“During that time, thousands of people got ill. The hospitals were crowded with patients.”可知，很多人生病了，医院里挤满了病人，所以“patients”意思是“sick people”（病人），选A。 3. B：根据“The first reported event of this kind in the United States happened in Donora, a factory town in a valley near Pittsburgh.”可知，多诺拉这个工厂城镇在美国，选B。 4. D：根据“London, England, has always been known for its “black fogs”. In the winter of 1952, a milky white fog rolled into the city. It soon turned into a heavy smog as the smoke of the burning of coal by families and factories rose into the air. It was invisible, so people had to walk in front of the buses to guide them.”可知，因为烟雾很浓看不见，司机看不清楚，所以人们要在公交车前面引导，选D。 5. A：根据“As a result, over 5,000 people died and another 8,000 were killed a month later.”可知，5000多人死亡，一个月后又有8000人死亡，总共13000人（13 thousand），选A。 Exercise 2 Ⅰ. Choose the best answer 1. A：“sure”的发音是 /ʃʊə(r)/，“measure”发音是 /ˈmeʒə(r)/，“pleasure”发音是 /ˈpleʒə(r)/，“decision”发音是 /dɪˈsɪʒn/，A选项发音与其他不同，选A。 2. D：“be careful with...”表示“小心……”，“Anyone must be always careful with electricity.”意思是“任何人都必须一直小心电”，选D。 3. B：“play chess”（下棋）中间不加定冠词“the”，“play the guitar”（弹吉他）中间要加定冠词“the”，选B。 4. C：“encourage sb. to do sth.”表示“鼓励某人做某事”，所以“Miss Li always encourages us to take an active part in class activities.”，选C。 5. A：“repeat doing sth.”表示“重复做某事”，“It's foolish to repeat making similar mistakes, isn't it?”意思是“重复犯类似的错误是愚蠢的，不是吗”，选A。 6. D：“Must I...?”的肯定回答用“Yes, you must.”，根据“I'm afraid you...”可知是肯定回答，所以选D。 7. C：“at last”表示“最后”，“Joe worked hard at his Maths and passed his Maths test at last.”意思是“乔努力学习数学，最后通过了数学考试”；“at most”最多；“at first”首先；“at least”至少，都不符合语境，选C。 8. B：“must”表示“必须”，“Passengers must go through safety checks at the airport before boarding.”意思是“乘客在登机前必须在机场进行安全检查”；“can”能；“may”可以；“need”需要（作情态动词时常用于否定句和疑问句），这里选B。 9. D：“switch on”表示“打开（电器等）”，“Benny switched on TV to watch the show ‘The Most Powerful Brain’.”意思是“本尼打开电视看《最强大脑》节目”；“open up”打开（门、窗等）；“turn off”关掉；“switch off”关掉，所以选D。 10. A：“or”用于否定句中连接并列成分，表示“也不”，“My grandpa is too old to use the smart TV, smart kitchen, or a smartphone.”意思是“我爷爷太老了，不能使用智能电视、智能厨房，也不能使用智能手机”；“and”用于肯定句中连接并列成分；“but”但是；“so”所以，选A。 11. C：这是一个宾语从句，从句要用陈述句语序，即“引导词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他”，所以“Can you tell me how trees communicate with one another?”，选C。 12. A：“Excuse me”用于向别人询问信息或请求帮助等，“Excuse me, how can I get to the Bund from here?”意思是“打扰一下，从这里我怎么去外滩呢”；“Hello”你好；“Nice to meet you”很高兴见到你；“I'm sorry”对不起，所以选A。 Ⅲ. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms 1. herself：“dress oneself”表示“给自己穿衣服”，“The 2-year-old baby girl can dress herself every morning.”，“she”的反身代词是“herself”。 2. monthly：“once a month”表示“一个月一次”，“monthly”可作副词，意为“每月地”，“The students take a test monthly, that is, once a month.”。 3. energy：“of”是介词，后接名词，“energetic”的名词是“energy”，“We can turn electricity into different forms of energy.”。 4. servant：“a”后接可数名词单数，“serve”是动词，其名词形式“servant”表示“仆人”，“The couple plan to have a servant to look after their baby.”。 5. impossible：根据语境，“在不久的将来人类搬到火星上是不可能的”，“possible”的反义词是“impossible”，“It's impossible for humans to move to Mars in the near future.”。 6. behaves：“Cindy is a good girl”表明句子是一般现在时，“who”引导定语从句，先行词“a good girl”是第三人称单数，所以“behaviour”的动词形式“behave”要用第三人称单数形式“behaves”，“Cindy is a good girl, who behaves well at home and school.”。 7. batteries：“used”是“用过的”，“battery”是可数名词，“used batteries”表示“用过的电池”，“We should recycle used batteries instead of throwing them into bins.”。 Ⅳ. Complete the following sentences as required 1. Does; believe：原句是一般现在时，“believes”是实义动词，变一般疑问句要借助助动词“does”，后面的动词“believes”还原为“believe”，“Does Daisy's father believe in safety first at home?”。 2. will you：否定祈使句的反意疑问句用“will you”，“Don't open the door, will you?”。 3. How was：对“foolish”（愚蠢的）提问，是问“本尼最后看起来怎么样”，用“How was Benny looking in the end?”。 4. able to：“can”表示“能”，“be able to”也表示“能”，“Tom is able to speak two languages.”。 5. where; is：合并为复合句，“I wonder where water is made clear again.”，“where”引导宾语从句，从句用陈述句语序。 6. The shop assistant explained everything politely to her customers：根据所给单词，“The shop assistant”作主语，“explained”作谓语，“everything”作宾语，“politely”作状语修饰“explained”，“to her customers”表示对象，连成句子是“The shop assistant explained everything politely to her customers”。 Exercise 3 Ⅰ. Choose the best answer 1. B：“iron”的发音是 /'aɪən/，所以选B。 2. D：“borrow... from...”表示“从……借……”，“Benny borrowed some books and magazines from the school library.”，选D。 3. C：“invisible”是以元音音素开头的单词，“an invisible gas”表示“一种看不见的气体”，所以用“an”，选C。 4. A：“ask sb. not to do sth.”表示“让某人不要做某事”，“The electrician asks children not to touch electricity wires.”，选A。 5. C：“stop sb. from doing sth.”表示“阻止某人做某事”，“Parents must stop their children from doing dangerous things to themselves.”，选C。 6. B：“one way or another”是固定短语，意为“以某种方式；无论如何”，“Almost everyone is connected with smart technology in one way or another.”，选B。 7. C：“one of + the + 名词复数”表示“……之一”，“wonder”作“奇迹”讲时是可数名词，“The Great Wall is one of the new world wonders.”，选C。 8. B：“a friend in need is a friend indeed.”是一句谚语，意为“患难见真情”，“indeed”表示“的确，真正地”，选B。 9. A：“be made from”表示“由……制成（看不出原材料）”，纸是由木头制成的，看不出原材料，“Do you know how paper is made from wood?”，选A；“be made in”表示“在……制造”；C和D选项是主动语态，纸是被制成的，要用被动语态，所以不选。 10. D：“as”表示“按照”，“In a laboratory, students must do their experiments as the teacher asks them to.”意思是“在实验室里，学生们必须按照老师要求的去做实验”；“until”直到；“if”如果；“since”自从，因为，都不符合语境，选D。 11. A：这是一个宾语从句，从句要用陈述句语序，即“引导词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他”，所以排除C和D（这两个选项是疑问句语序）；根据语境，句子是一般现在时，“when John can finish his learning task”符合，选A。 12. D：“I quite agree”表示“我非常同意”，符合“电是我们有用但危险的仆人”的语境；“All right”好的；“That's all right”没关系；“Not really”不完全是，都不符合，选D。 Ⅲ. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms 1. third：“the + 序数词”表示“第……”，“three”的序数词是“third”，“China is the third largest country in the world.”。 2. heat：“be used to do sth.”表示“被用来做某事”，“hot”是形容词，其动词形式“heat”表示“加热”，“A microwave oven is used to heat food before we eat it.”。 3. chemicals：“chemistry”是“化学”，这里指“化学物质”，用“chemical”，且根据“are”可知用复数形式“chemicals”，“The chemicals in used batteries are harmful to the environment.”。 4. measures：“often”表明句子是一般现在时，主语“Miss Lin”是第三人称单数，“measurement”是名词，其动词形式“measure”要用第三人称单数形式“measures”，“Miss Lin often measures her waist to see if she gets thinner.”。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$