重难点04 谓语动词专题（时态和语态）-2025年中考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练(福建专用)

重难点04 谓语动词专题（时态和语态） 动词在英语中考中的位置肯定是举足轻重的，最常考的便是各种时态及其被动语态，近几年中考的重中之重考核的时态，无疑是一般过去时和现在完成时，特别是动词的过去式和过去分词的不规则变化形式，也是常常成为考核的难点。除了时态，主动语态和被动语态的判断也是谓语动词专题的一大难点，考核在语境中主被动关系的判断，不仅需要对句子含义的了解，也需要对动词的用法作出正确判断。况且被动语态中，不少动词存在主动表被动的用法及特殊的被动结构变化，也需要我们厘清！ 重点梳理一：时态的重难考点 1.初中主要学习以下七种时态： 时态 谓语形式 常用时间状语 一般现在时 ①be(am, is, are) ②do/does ①频率副词（always, often,sometime,seldom,hardly,never等) ②every+时间点(every week，every year等) ③次数+时间段(once a week, three times a year等) ④once a while，from time to time偶尔 动词三单变化： ①一般情况下，在动词后加-s，如reads； ②以s,x,o, ch, sh结尾的动词，在其后加-es，如guesses,fixes,goes,teaches, finishes等； ③以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-es，如tries, flies, carries等； 注意：以元音字母+y结尾的动词，直接-s，如say-says, stay-stays等； ④特殊：have-has 现在进行时 be(am, is, are)+doing ①now, at this time, at this moment, at present（现在） ②these days ③look! listen!... ④where is...? 动词现在分词-ing的变化规则： ①一般情况下，词尾加-ing，如work-working, go-going等； ②以不发音的e结尾的词，去e再加-ing，如come-coming, take-taking等； ③以“辅元辅”结尾的重读闭音节的词，双写结尾的辅音字母再加-ing，如put-putting, run-running等； ④以ie结尾的词，先将ie改为y，再加-ing，如lie-lying, die-dying, tie-tying等； ⑤特殊：以ay, aw, ee, er, uy, ow结尾的单词，直接+ing，如play-playing, draw-drawing,buy-buying等； 一般将来时 ①will/shall+do ②be(am/is/are) going to do ①tomorrow明天，the day after tomorrow后天 ②in the future在未来，from now on从现在开始 ③next+时间点（如next week下周，next year明年） ④this morning/afternoon/evening今天上午/下午/晚上 ⑤in+一段时间（如in a month一个月后，in two days两天后） ⑥soon很快，how soon多久后 一般过去时 ①be(was/ were) ②did ①yesterday昨天，yesterday morning昨天早上，the day before yesterday前天 ②last+时间（last night昨晚, last year去年） ③时间段+ago（two weeks ago两周前，one year ago一年前） ④just now刚才，in 2020，this morning今天早上 动词过去式规则变化规律： ①一般情况下，动词词尾加-ed，如worked； ②以不发音e结尾的单词，直接加-d，如hoped； ③以“辅元辅”结尾的重读闭音节单词，双写结尾的辅音字母再加-ed，如stopped； ④以辅音字母加-y结尾的单词，变y为i再加-ed，如studied等； 注意：元音字母加-y结尾的单词，直接加-ed，如stayed等。 过去进行时 be(was/were)+doing ①at+时刻+过去时间（如at this time yesterday, at 9 last night） ②时间段+过去时间（如from six to nine yesterday） ③以when, while引导的时间状语 现在完成时 have/has done ①already已经，yet已经，ever曾经，never从未，just刚刚 ②since+过去时间点/since+从句（一般过去时）自从…到现在 ③for+一段时间 ④so far到目前为止，up to now到目前为止 ⑤次数，如once一次/twice两次/three times三次， ⑥recently最近，over these years这些年，how long多长时间，in the last/past few years在过去的几年里，before单独用句尾 固定句型： ①This is the+形容词最高级+that从句（从句用现在完成时） ②It is/It has been+一段时间+since从句（从句用一般过去时） 过去完成时 had done ①by+时间点，如by 2000, by the end of this month ②before/when从句（从句用过去时），如when I arrived ③by the time+从句（从句用过去时），如by the time he was ten 2.一般将来时的特殊用法，具体如下： （1）主将从现。当主句用一般将来时，由if, when, until, unless, as soon as引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来； （2）位移性动词用现在进行时表将来，位移性动词come, go, arrive, leave等词，一般用现在进行时be doing表一般经来时。 3.when, while引导的时间状语从句，是过去进行时的考核重点。 4现在完成时的短暂性动词和延续性动词常见转换 非延续性动词 延续性动词 非延续性动词 延续性动词 borrow keep lose be lost buy have join be in/be a member of become be come back be back put on wear return be back move to live in finish be over catch a cold have a cold leave be away from fall asleep be asleep come/go be here/there open be open go/get out be out close be closed begin/start be on marry/get married be married show be on die be dead get to/arrive/reach be (in) 5.注意时态分离。 现在完成时和一般过去时是一组易混淆的时态，在考试中往往会考上下文语境时态分离，即需要根据每个句子各自的时间状语来判断各自的时态，而不是遵循“用什么问用什么答”的原则。 如- Have you ever been to The Great Wall? -Yes, I visited it last month. 本题中问句中ever可知应有现在完成时，但是根据答句中时间状语last month可知应用一般过去时而非现在完成时（现在完成时是不可与表过去的时间连用！） 重点梳理二：语态的重难考点 1.各种时态下的被动语态 被动结构 例句 一般现在时 am/is /are+done English isn’t spoken by people here. 一般过去时 was/were+ done This book was written by Lu Xun. 一般将来时 will/shall + be done am/is/are going to+ be done Lei Feng will be remembered by us forever. The meeting is going to be held this afternoon. 现在进行时 am/is/are+being done Many trees are being cut down now. 过去进行时 was/were+being done The house was painted at the time yesterday. 现在完成时 have/has +been done The room has already been cleaned. 过去完成时 had +been done The work had been finished before I arrived. 含情态动词 can/may/must be +done All the rules must be followed by the students. 2.被动语态的特殊用法： （1）不及物动词没有被动语态，常用不及物动词或词组，如happen, take place, belong to, rise等。 （2）带双宾语的主动句变成被动句时，当把“物”的直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语前要加介词to在send, pass, write, give, show, bring等动词后，或者加介词for在buy, cook, make, order, choose等动词之后。 如Some advice was given to me by my teacher.老师给了我一些建议。 （3）含复合宾语的主动句变被动句时，一些表示感官或使役的动词，如hear, watch, see, feel, notice, let, make, have 和help等，主语语态中要用动词原形，但在变为被动语态时变为to do作宾补。 如He is often made to give out homework for the teacher.他经常被要求给老师发作业。 （4）主动形式表被动意义。在有些情况下，我们要用动词的主动形式来表达被动，常考动词结构need doing、be worth doing表被动，如My coat needs washing（=need to be washed）.我的外套需要被洗。 （5）某些表示主语质地、自身特征的动词，如write, wash, sell, read, clean, cook等，常和副词well 或easily连用用主动行式表被动意义。这些动词在这种情况下，一般用作不及物动词。 如The shop opens at six in the morning.这家商店上午6点开门。 时态和语态： 1.（2025·福建泉州·一模）- Who _______ the meeting room? It looks really tidy and nice. - Jeff and Sally. They are going to host an English corner here later. A.will clean B.is cleaning C.has cleaned 【答案】C 【解析】句意：—谁打扫了会议室？它看起来真的又整洁又漂亮。 —杰夫和萨莉。他们稍后要在这里举办英语角。本题考查动词时态。根据“Who … the meeting room? It looks really tidy and nice.”可知，此处是指“打扫”这个动作发生在过去，对现在的影响就是会议室现在看起来整洁漂亮，应用现在完成时，其结构为have/has done，主语为“Who”，助动词用has，动词clean的过去分词为cleaned。故选C。 2.（2025·福建福州·十六中九上质检）Panda Yaya ________ to Beijing Zoo for over one year. She is taken good care of there. A.came back B.has come back C.has been back 【答案】C 【解析】句意：大熊猫丫丫回到北京动物园已经一年多了。她在那里受到了很好的照顾。本题考查时态。came back一般过去时；has come back现在完成时；has been back回来，回到，是延续性的表达，现在完成时。根据“for over one year”可知，这一表示一段时间的状语，需要用延续性的表达来体现动作或状态持续的时长，为现在完成时，has been back符合语境。故选C。 3.（2025·福建漳州·一中七下初测）- Look! It ________ now. - Wow. It seldom ________ here in winter. A.snows; snows B.snows; is snowing C.is snowing; snows 【答案】C 【解析】句意：—看！现在正在下雪。—哇。这里冬天很少下雪。本题考查时态。根据“Look!”可知，此处强调动作正在进行，所以第一空应用现在进行时“is snowing”，表示“正在下雪”；根据“It seldom…here in winter”可知，此处陈述的是经常性、习惯性的动作，应用一般现在时，且主语“It”为第三人称单数，所以第二空应用“snows”，表示“下雪”。故选C。 4.（2025·福建泉州·丰泽区九上质检）Peter with his classmates ______ for the bus when the storm came. A.were waiting B.are waiting C.was waiting 【答案】C 【解析】句意：当暴风雨来临时，彼得和他的同学正在等公共汽车。本题考查主谓一致。根据“when the storm came”可知，时态是过去进行时was/were doing；根据“Peter with his classmates”可知，with表示伴随，真正主语是Peter，因此be用was。故选C。 5.（2025·福建三明·八上期末）I ________ when you called me last night. A.will sleep B.am sleeping C.was sleeping 【答案】C 【解析】句意：当你昨天晚上给我打电话的时候，我正在睡觉。本题考查时态。根据“when you called me last night.”可知，此处要用过去进行时，故选C。 6.（2025·福建福州·屏东中学九上月考）- When ________ he ________ for Japan? - In three days. A.did; leave B.does; leave C.is; leaving 【答案】C 【解析】句意：—他什么时候去日本？—三天后。本题考查时态。根据答语“In three days.”可知，此处表示将来的动作，leave用现在进行时表示将来。故选C。 7.（2025·福建福州·一中九上月考）- Is the man over there Mr. Chen? - No, it can’t be him. He ______ Shanghai on business. A.has gone to B.has been to C.will go to 【答案】A 【解析】句意：—那边的那个人是陈先生吗？—不，不可能是他。他去上海出差了。本题考查现在完成时。has gone to去了某地还未回来；has been to去过某地已回来；will go to将要去。根据“Is the man over there Mr. Chen?”以及“No, it can’t be him.”可知，此处说的是去了上海，还没有回来，因此此处用has gone to。故选A。 8.（2025·福建厦门·湖里中学八上期中）- Look, the ground is wet. - Yes, it ________ heavily last night. We should be careful. A.rains B.rained C.is raining 【答案】B 【解析】句意：—看，地面是湿的。—是的，昨晚雨下得很大。我们应该小心。本题考查时态。根据“ last night”可知，此句用一般过去时，故选B。 9.（2025·福建福州·马尾区九上期中）- How long has your uncle ________? - About three years. A.come to Fuzhou B.been in Fuzhou C.been to Fuzhou 【答案】B 【解析】句意：—你叔叔来福州多久了？—大约三年了。本题考查延续性动词。come to Fuzhou来到福州，强调动作；been in Fuzhou一直在福州，表示持续性动作；been to Fuzhou去过福州。根据“About three years.”可知，应询问在福州多久了，表示的是一段持续的时间。故选B。 10.（2025·福建福州·八中九上）- Have you finished your homework yet? - Yes, I ________ it just now. A.finish B.finished C.have finished 【答案】B 【解析】句意：—你完成作业了吗？—是的，我刚才已经完成了。本题考查动词时态。根据“just now”可知，答句是一般过去时，动词填过去式。故选B。 11.（2025·福建龙岩·新罗区九上）- It ________ more than two years since we ________ to Longyan Junior High School. - Yes. How time flies! A.was; came B.is; came C.was; come 【答案】B 【解析】句意：—我们来到龙岩初中已经两年多了。—是的。时间过得真快！本题考查时态。“it is/has been+时间段+since …”表示“自从……已经多长时间”，第一空用is；“我们来到龙岩初中”发生在过去，时态为一般过去时，第二空用came。故选B。 12.（2025·福建泉州·五中九上月考）- Tim, I remember you ________ Rose several years ago? - Yes, we ________ for three years. A.married; have been married B.married; married C.have married; have been married 【答案】A 【解析】句意：—蒂姆，我记得你几年前与罗斯结婚了？—是的， 我们已经结婚三年了。本题考查动词时态。根据“several years ago”可知，句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式married；根据“for three years”可知，句子用现在完成时，与时间段连用，用系表结构be married表示状态。故选A。 13.（2022·福建福州·外国语九下月考）- Let’s eat some snacks. - Better not. Eating ________ at the cinema. A.isn’t allowed B.doesn’t allow C.aren’t allowed 【答案】A 【解析】句意：—我们吃点零食吧。—最好别吃。在电影院不允许吃东西。 考查被动语态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，此句为一般现在时态。主语是动作的承受着，应用被动语态，排除B；“Eating”是动名词作主语，谓语动词要用单数。故选A。 14.（2025·福建福州·十二中九下开门考）- Listen, the song is so beautiful. - Oh, Lonely Warrior (孤勇者). I ________ it many times. A.hear B.heard C.have heard 【答案】C 【解析】句意：—听，这首歌真美。—哦，《孤勇者》。我已经听过很多次了。本题考查现在完成时。根据“many times”可知已经听过很多次，用现在完成时“have heard”，故选C。 15.（2024·福建泉州·安溪中考模考）- I didn’t see you at the party. - I ________ a meeting at that moment. A.will have B.have had C.was having 【答案】C 【解析】句意：—我在聚会上没看到你。—我当时正在开会。本题考查时态。根据“at that moment.”可知，句子时态用过去进行时was having。故选C。 16.（2024·福建三明·七上期末）- Where is your sister? - She ________ to her pen-friend in her room now. A.writes B.is writing C.will write 【答案】B 【解析】句意：—你妹妹在哪里？—她现在正在房间里给笔友写信。本题考查时态。根据“Where is your sister?”以及“now”可知，此处表示正在进行的动作，应用现在进行时，B项正确。故选B。 17.（2024·福建泉州·五中九上期末）Mary ______ dinner in the kitchen when you called her at 6:30 yesterday evening. A.will prepare B.was preparing C.has prepared 【答案】B 【解析】句意：昨天晚上6点半你打电话给玛丽时，她正在厨房准备晚饭。本题考查动词时态。will prepare是一般将来时；was preparing是过去进行时；has prepared是现在完成时。根据“when you called her at 6:30 yesterday evening”可知，这是过去的某个时间点，强调在过去的某个时间点正在进行的动作，要用过去进行时，结构为“was/were+现在分词”。故选B。 18.（2025·福建泉州·同安区八上期中）Linda is crying, but no one knows what ________ to her just now. A.happens B.happened C.is happening 【答案】B 【解析】句意：琳达在哭，但没有人知道她刚才发生了什么事。本题考查时态。根据“just now”可知句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故选B。 19.（2023·福建福州·中考真题）- Sally, I ________ the picture already. - Wow, truly beautiful! A. finish B. have finished C. was finishing 【答案】B 【解析】句意：—Sally, 我已经完成了这幅画。—喔哦，真的漂亮！本题考察时态。根据already可知句子用现在完成时。故选B。 20.（2023·福建龙岩·中考二模）Nowadays, Chinese couples ________ to have three children to reduce the pressure of an aging population. A. were encouraged B. are encouraged C. will be encouraged 【答案】A 【解析】句意：现如今，中国的夫妻被鼓励生三个孩子去减少老龄化人口的压力。本题考查时态。根据“nowadays”可知句子应用一般现在时。故选B。 21.（2022·福建龙岩·中考二模）- How do you like the film TheBattle at Lake Changjin? - It’s so wonderful that I ________ it twice. A. saw B. will see C. have seen 【答案】C 【解析】句意：—你觉得电影《长津湖之战》怎么样？—它太棒了，我已经看过它两次了。本题考查时态。根据twice可判断，本句应该用现在完成时。故选C。 22.（2023·福建泉州·中考二模）- Hi, Daniel. I didn’t see you in the chess class last night. - Oh, I ________ my son’s model plane. A.am repairing B.was repairing C.have repaired 【答案】B 【解析】句意：—嗨，丹尼尔。我昨晚没在象棋课上看到你。—哦，我正在修理我儿子的模型飞机。本题考查时态。根据问句中I didn’t see you in the chess class last night.可知，答句应用过去进行时。故选B。 23.（2025·福建泉州·安溪八上期末）- What was he doing at this time yesterday? - He ________ a ticket (票) to the Zhuhai Airshow in November, 2024. A.books B.is booking C.was booking 【答案】C 【解析】句意：—昨天这个时候他在做什么？—他正在预订一张2024年11月珠海航展的票。本题考查动词时态。根据句子结构与时间状语“at this time yesterday”，可知此处应用过去进行时，表示过去某一特定时间点正在进行的动作，谓语动词构成是was+现在分词。故选C。 24.（2022·福建泉州·中考二模）- I saw the light of your room was still on at eleven o’clock last night. - Oh, I ________ for the exam today. A. am studying B. was studying C. have studied 【答案】B 【解析】句意：—昨天晚上十一点我看到你房间的灯还亮着。—哦，我为今天的考试一直在学习。本题考查时态。根据问句中at eleven o’clock last night可知，应用过去进行时。故选B。 25.（2025·福建泉州·晋江中考一模）- I’m terribly sorry for being late. - No worries. The film ________ for just a few minutes. A. has been in B. has been over C.has been on 【答案】C 【详解】句意：—非常抱歉我迟到了。—不用担心，电影才开始几分钟。本题考查现在完成时。has been in待在某地，延续性动词；has been over已经结束，延续性动词；has been on已经开始，延续性动词。根据空后“for just a few minutes”可知，这句话是现在完成时；根据“No worries. The film ... for just a few minutes.”可知，此处表达“别担心，电影才开始几分钟”，故选C。 特殊用法： 1.（2024·福建厦门·灌口中学八下）- What do you often do after dinner, Lily? - I used to ________ newspapers and watch TV after dinner. But now I’m used to ________ a walk. A.reading: take B.read; taking C.reading; taking 【答案】B 【解析】句意：—莉莉，你晚饭后经常做什么？—我过去常常在晚饭后看报纸和电视。但现在我习惯了散步。本题考查动词短语。used to do“过去常常做某事”；be used to doing“习惯做某事”。根据“ I used to ...newspapers and watch TV after dinner. But now I’m used to...a walk.”可知此处指过去常常在晚饭后看报纸和电视。但现在习惯了散步。故选B。 2.（2024·福建福州·十九中中考模拟）- When can I hand in the paper? - As soon as it ________ tomorrow. A.will finish B.will be finished C.is finished 【答案】C 【解析】句意：—我什么时候可以交论文？—明天一做完就交。本题考查一般现在时的被动语态。句中as soon as引导的是时间状语从句，从句中应用一般现在时态，并且主语it与动词finish构成被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语动词构成是am/is/are+过去分词。故选C。 3.（2024·福建福州·延安中学九上期末）The wool sweater is new, so it ________ soft and comfortable. A.is felt B.was felt C.feels 【答案】C 【解析】句意：这件羊毛衫是新的，所以它摸起来柔软舒适。本题考查感官动词。根据“is new”可知，句子时态为一般现在时，feel是系动词，用主动形式表示被动意义，此处指“手感摸起来……”。故选C。 4.（2025·福建福州·八中九上开门考）- Dave, what do you think of the movie The First Slam Dunk (灌篮高手)? - It’s well worth ________ for a second time. A.watching B.to watch C.watches 【答案】A 【解析】句意：—戴夫，你怎么看电影《灌篮第一记》？—很值得再看一遍。本题考查非谓语动词。be well worth doing sth.“很值得做某事”，故选A。 5.（2024·福建莆田·中山中学九上期中）It’s not your turn yet. Please wait on the chair over there until you ________. A.are called B.have called C.will be called 【答案】A 【解析】句意：还没轮到你。请在那边的椅子上等着被叫。本题考查被动语态。分析句子，主语you和谓语动词call之间是动宾关系，所以用被动结构，其结构为“be+动词的过去分词”；主句是祈使句，时间状语从句用一般现在时，故选A。 6.（2024·福建龙岩·长汀中考一模）- What should parents do to face their children’s success? - I think children will act better if they ________ in correct ways. A.praise B.will praise C.are praised 【答案】C 【解析】句意：—面对孩子的成功，父母应该做些什么？—我认为如果孩子们以正确的方式受到表扬，他们会表现得更好。本题考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据“I think children will act better if they...in correct ways.”可知，主语是动作的承受者，if从句需满足“主将从现”，用一般现在时，所以此处用一般现在时的被动语态。故选C。 7.（2024·福建石狮·实验中学八上期中）Tom ________ Fuzhou with his mother the day after tomorrow. A.is leaving for B.left for C.leaves for 【答案】A 【解析】句意：汤姆和他妈妈后天要去福州。本题考查动词时态。leave for前往某个地方，动词短语；根据“the day after tomorrow”可知，句子应用将来时态；leave是表示位移的动词，这里应用现在进行时表示将来，其结构为am/is/are + doing；主语“Tom”为第三人称单数，be用is，leave的用现在分词为leaving。故选A。 8.（2023·福建三明·宁化县中考模拟）- Linda, shall we go to fly kites in the Central Park? - Sure, I will go with you as soon as my homework ________. A.is finished B.will be finished C.finishes 【答案】A 【解析】句意：—琳达，我们去中央公园放风筝好吗？—当然可以，我一完成作业就跟你去。本题考查一般现在时的被动语态。is finished被完成，一般现在时的被动语态；will be finished将被完成，一般将来时的被动语态；finishes完成，动词三单。homework与finish构成被动，故应用被动语态，所以排除选项C；as soon as引导的时间状语从句，从句的时态，用一般现在时代替将来时，故选A。 9.（2022·福建福州·三中一模）He was made ________ the room with his brothers yesterday evening A.clean B.to clean C.cleaned 【答案】B 【解析】句意：昨天晚上他被迫和他的兄弟们一起打扫房间。本题考查非谓语动词。make用于被动语态中要还原出to，be made to do sth“被迫做某事”，故选B。 10.（2022·福建福州·则徐中学八上期末）Tony is my best friend. He always tries to make me ________ when I’m unhappy. A.laughed B.laughing C.laugh 【答案】C 【解析】句意：托尼是我最好的朋友。他总是在我不开心的时候尽力逗我笑。本题考查非谓语动词。laughed笑，动词过去式；laughing笑，现在分词或动名词；laugh笑，动词原形。空前的“make”是使役动词，后面接省略to的不定式作宾补。故选C。 11.（2024·福建漳州·一中八下月考）Not only Peter but also Jim ________ watching movies on weekends. A.like B.likes C.don’t like 【答案】B 【解析】句意：不仅彼得而且吉姆周末喜欢看电影。本题考查主谓一致和否定句。like喜欢，动词原形；likes喜欢，动词的第三人称单数形式；don’t like不喜欢。not only…but also…表示 “不仅……而且……”，连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近一致”原则，离谓语动词最近的主语是Jim，第三人称单数，所以谓语动词用三单形式。故选B。 12.（2025·福建漳州·龙海自主招生）Not only parks and museums but also local traffic ________ a lot in New York so far.  ________, it’s a wonderful place to live. A.have improved; In fact B.has improved; As a matter of fact C.had improve; By the way D.improved; For example 【答案】B 【解析】句意：到目前为止，纽约不仅公园和博物馆，而且当地交通也有了很大改善。事实上，这是一个居住的好地方。本题考查现在完成时及介词短语辨析。In fact事实上；As a matter of fact事实上；By the way顺便；For example例如。根据“so far”可知，时态为现在完成时，结构为has/have done，not only...but also...连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则，local traffic是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式，根据“it’s a wonderful place to live.”可知，此处是陈述事实。故选B。 13.（2025·福建厦门·双十八上期末）Look at the clouds! It ________ rain soon. A.is going to B.should be to C.is up to 【答案】A 【解析】句意：看那些云！很快就要下雨了。本题考查一般将来时。is going to将要；should be to应该是；is up to由某人决定。根据“Look at the clouds”可知，这里是预测即将发生的事情，常用“be going to”表示。故选A。 14.（2022·福建厦门·中考二模）- Are you enjoying your holiday? - Yes, it’s the best holiday that I ________ for a long time. A.had B.have C.have had 【答案】C 【解析】句意：—你假期过得愉快吗？—是的，这是我长久以来度过的最好的假期。本句符合现在完成时句型“This is the+形容词最高级+that从句（从句用现在完成时）”，故that从句用现在完成时。故选C。 15.（2024·福建三明·中考一检）- The winter holiday is coming soon. What's your plan? - I ________ to Shanghai for my vacation next month. A. fly B. am flying C. flew 【答案】B 【解析】句意：—寒假马上就要到了。你的计划是什么？—下个月我将飞去上海度假。本句中根据next month可知是一般将来时，fly位移性动词，用be doing表将来。故选B。 16.（2025·福建福州·延安中学九上期中）- Have you seen the movie Kung Fu Panda 4? - Yes. I ________ it with my father last month. A.see B. saw C. have seen 【答案】B 【解析】句意：—你看过电影《功夫熊猫4》吗？—是的。上个月我和爸爸一起看的。本题考查时态。根据“last month”可知句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故选B。 17.（2025·福建南平·九上月考）- I wonder when you ________ the new house. - Well, I ________ it for five years. A.have bought; have had B.bought; have bought C.bought; have had 【答案】C 【解析】句意：—我想知道你什么时候买的这个新房子。—噢，我已经买了它五年了。本题考查动词的时态和延续性动词。根据“Well, I...it for five years”可知，是过去买的，故第一空用一般过去时bought，排除A项；根据“for five years.”可知，句子为现在完成时，且动词应用延续性动词，buy对应的延续性动词是have，故第二空应填have had。故选C。 18.（2025·福建厦门·湖里外国语九上期中）Look at the building over there! I ________ to school there, but now it's a factory. A. used to go B. was used to go C. was used to going 【答案】A 【解析】句意：看那边的那栋楼！我曾经在那里上学，但现在它是一个工厂。根据but now可知，前面半句应有一般过去时，故应有used to do结构。故选A。 拓展题： 1.（2025·福建厦门·七上期末）Fangfang always (brush) her teeth before going to bed. 【答案】brushes 【解析】句意：芳芳总是睡前刷牙。根据always可知，时态为一般现在时，主语Fangfang为单数，谓语动词用三单形式。故填brushes。 2.（2024·福建厦门·华侨九上月考）Teenagers under 18 should not (allow) to drive, according to the law. 【答案】be allowed 【解析】句意：根据法律规定，18岁以下的青少年不应被允许开车。主语Teenagers与谓语allow之间是被动关系，用含有情态动词的被动语态：should be done；allow的过去分词为allowed。故填allowed。 3.（2024·福建厦门·湖里中学九上月考）Your eyes (hurt) if you always read in the dark light. 【答案】will be hurt 【解析】句意：如果你总是在黑暗的光线下看书，你的眼睛会被伤害。根据语境可知，“Your eyes”与“hurt”之间为被动关系，语态为被动，谓语用“be+过去分词”的结构，hurt为动词hurt的过去分词。故填hurt。 4.（2024·福建福州·中考一检）During Grain in Ear, long hours of sunshine along with warm and humid ocean air, which brings rainfall, (provide ) much-needed heat and water for summer crops. 【答案】provides 【解析】句意：在芒种期间，长时间的阳光和温暖潮湿的海洋空气带来降雨，为夏季作物提供急需的热量和水。根据上文During Grain in Ear，可知整句话为一般现在时，且表主动，且主语是sunshine是三单，故用动词三单形式。故填provides。 5.（2024·福建龙岩·中考一检）The next morning, the sister (hold) something unusual in her hand. 【答案】held 【解析】句意：第二天早上，姐姐手里拿着一件不寻常的东西。根据语境The next morning，可知语境是在过去时态中。故填held。 6.（2024·福建宁德·中考一检）Baduanjin is slow and gentle, and usually accompanied (伴随) by soft and relaxing music, so it used to (regard) as a sport for the elderly. 【答案】be regarded 【解析】句意：八段锦缓慢而温柔，通常伴随着柔和而放松的音乐，因此它曾经被视为老年人的运动。根据结构used to do可知空格处应有动词原形，且根据语境可知为被动。故应填be regarded。 7.（2024·福建厦门·一中九下月考）The name of this Chinese book (mean) that humans make good use of the nature with the help of technologies. 【答案】means 【解析】句意：这本书的名字意味着人类在技术的帮助下充分利用自然。本句的主语是The name of this Chinese book是三单，且根据that从句中用一般现在时，故应有三单形式。应填means。 8.（2024·福建厦门·一中九下月考）The book became popular soon after it (print). 【答案】was printed 【解析】句意：这本书出版后不久就很受欢迎。根据主句中became可知用一般过去时，故从句也应有过去时，且主语it与print之间是被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动结构。故填was printed。 9.（2025·福建厦门·一中九上期中）Zhang finally (success) in 2009. 【答案】succeeded 【解析】句意：张终于在2009年成功了。根据句中的时间状语in 2009可知用一般过去时。故填succeeded。 10.（2025·福建厦门·松柏中学九上期中）It tells them that before one (begin) to study history, he or she must become skilled in classic works at first. 【答案】begins 【解析】句意：它告诉他们，一个人在开始学习历史之前，他或她必须首先精通经典作品。根据主句中tells可知应用一般现在时，one是主语用一般现在时三单。故填begins。 11.（2025·福建厦门·松柏中学九上期中）Though it (stop) being used as a text for primary schools, many people in China can still recite some of it. 【答案】has stopped 【解析】句意：虽然它不再被用作小学的课本，但在中国，许多人仍然能背诵其中的一些。根据句意可知已经产生结果，应用现在完成时，表示“已经”。故填has stopped。 12.（2025·福建厦门·一中九上期中）In 2017, chabaixi (list) as a provincial-level intangible cultural heritage of Fujian province. 【答案】was listed 【解析】句意：2017年，茶白溪被列为福建省省级非物质文化遗产。根据时间状语in 2017可知，应有一般过去时，且主语chabaixi与list是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动结构。故填was listed。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 重难点04 谓语动词专题（时态和语态） 动词在英语中考中的位置肯定是举足轻重的，最常考的便是各种时态及其被动语态，近几年中考的重中之重考核的时态，无疑是一般过去时和现在完成时，特别是动词的过去式和过去分词的不规则变化形式，也是常常成为考核的难点。除了时态，主动语态和被动语态的判断也是谓语动词专题的一大难点，考核在语境中主被动关系的判断，不仅需要对句子含义的了解，也需要对动词的用法作出正确判断。况且被动语态中，不少动词存在主动表被动的用法及特殊的被动结构变化，也需要我们厘清！ 重点梳理一：时态的重难考点 1.初中主要学习以下七种时态： 时态 谓语形式 常用时间状语 一般现在时 ①be(am, is, are) ②do/does ①频率副词（always, often,sometime,seldom,hardly,never等) ②every+时间点(every week，every year等) ③次数+时间段(once a week, three times a year等) ④once a while，from time to time偶尔 动词三单变化： ①一般情况下，在动词后加-s，如reads； ②以s,x,o, ch, sh结尾的动词，在其后加-es，如guesses,fixes,goes,teaches, finishes等； ③以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-es，如tries, flies, carries等； 注意：以元音字母+y结尾的动词，直接-s，如say-says, stay-stays等； ④特殊：have-has 现在进行时 be(am, is, are)+doing ①now, at this time, at this moment, at present（现在） ②these days ③look! listen!... ④where is...? 动词现在分词-ing的变化规则： ①一般情况下，词尾加-ing，如work-working, go-going等； ②以不发音的e结尾的词，去e再加-ing，如come-coming, take-taking等； ③以“辅元辅”结尾的重读闭音节的词，双写结尾的辅音字母再加-ing，如put-putting, run-running等； ④以ie结尾的词，先将ie改为y，再加-ing，如lie-lying, die-dying, tie-tying等； ⑤特殊：以ay, aw, ee, er, uy, ow结尾的单词，直接+ing，如play-playing, draw-drawing,buy-buying等； 一般将来时 ①will/shall+do ②be(am/is/are) going to do ①tomorrow明天，the day after tomorrow后天 ②in the future在未来，from now on从现在开始 ③next+时间点（如next week下周，next year明年） ④this morning/afternoon/evening今天上午/下午/晚上 ⑤in+一段时间（如in a month一个月后，in two days两天后） ⑥soon很快，how soon多久后 一般过去时 ①be(was/ were) ②did ①yesterday昨天，yesterday morning昨天早上，the day before yesterday前天 ②last+时间（last night昨晚, last year去年） ③时间段+ago（two weeks ago两周前，one year ago一年前） ④just now刚才，in 2020，this morning今天早上 动词过去式规则变化规律： ①一般情况下，动词词尾加-ed，如worked； ②以不发音e结尾的单词，直接加-d，如hoped； ③以“辅元辅”结尾的重读闭音节单词，双写结尾的辅音字母再加-ed，如stopped； ④以辅音字母加-y结尾的单词，变y为i再加-ed，如studied等； 注意：元音字母加-y结尾的单词，直接加-ed，如stayed等。 过去进行时 be(was/were)+doing ①at+时刻+过去时间（如at this time yesterday, at 9 last night） ②时间段+过去时间（如from six to nine yesterday） ③以when, while引导的时间状语 现在完成时 have/has done ①already已经，yet已经，ever曾经，never从未，just刚刚 ②since+过去时间点/since+从句（一般过去时）自从…到现在 ③for+一段时间 ④so far到目前为止，up to now到目前为止 ⑤次数，如once一次/twice两次/three times三次， ⑥recently最近，over these years这些年，how long多长时间，in the last/past few years在过去的几年里，before单独用句尾 固定句型： ①This is the+形容词最高级+that从句（从句用现在完成时） ②It is/It has been+一段时间+since从句（从句用一般过去时） 过去完成时 had done ①by+时间点，如by 2000, by the end of this month ②before/when从句（从句用过去时），如when I arrived ③by the time+从句（从句用过去时），如by the time he was ten 2.一般将来时的特殊用法，具体如下： （1）主将从现。当主句用一般将来时，由if, when, until, unless, as soon as引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来； （2）位移性动词用现在进行时表将来，位移性动词come, go, arrive, leave等词，一般用现在进行时be doing表一般经来时。 3.when, while引导的时间状语从句，是过去进行时的考核重点。 4现在完成时的短暂性动词和延续性动词常见转换 非延续性动词 延续性动词 非延续性动词 延续性动词 borrow keep lose be lost buy have join be in/be a member of become be come back be back put on wear return be back move to live in finish be over catch a cold have a cold leave be away from fall asleep be asleep come/go be here/there open be open go/get out be out close be closed begin/start be on marry/get married be married show be on die be dead get to/arrive/reach be (in) 5.注意时态分离。 现在完成时和一般过去时是一组易混淆的时态，在考试中往往会考上下文语境时态分离，即需要根据每个句子各自的时间状语来判断各自的时态，而不是遵循“用什么问用什么答”的原则。 如- Have you ever been to The Great Wall? -Yes, I visited it last month. 本题中问句中ever可知应有现在完成时，但是根据答句中时间状语last month可知应用一般过去时而非现在完成时（现在完成时是不可与表过去的时间连用！） 重点梳理二：语态的重难考点 1.各种时态下的被动语态 被动结构 例句 一般现在时 am/is /are+done English isn’t spoken by people here. 一般过去时 was/were+ done This book was written by Lu Xun. 一般将来时 will/shall + be done am/is/are going to+ be done Lei Feng will be remembered by us forever. The meeting is going to be held this afternoon. 现在进行时 am/is/are+being done Many trees are being cut down now. 过去进行时 was/were+being done The house was painted at the time yesterday. 现在完成时 have/has +been done The room has already been cleaned. 过去完成时 had +been done The work had been finished before I arrived. 含情态动词 can/may/must be +done All the rules must be followed by the students. 2.被动语态的特殊用法： （1）不及物动词没有被动语态，常用不及物动词或词组，如happen, take place, belong to, rise等。 （2）带双宾语的主动句变成被动句时，当把“物”的直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语前要加介词to在send, pass, write, give, show, bring等动词后，或者加介词for在buy, cook, make, order, choose等动词之后。 如Some advice was given to me by my teacher.老师给了我一些建议。 （3）含复合宾语的主动句变被动句时，一些表示感官或使役的动词，如hear, watch, see, feel, notice, let, make, have 和help等，主语语态中要用动词原形，但在变为被动语态时变为to do作宾补。 如He is often made to give out homework for the teacher.他经常被要求给老师发作业。 （4）主动形式表被动意义。在有些情况下，我们要用动词的主动形式来表达被动，常考动词结构need doing、be worth doing表被动，如My coat needs washing（=need to be washed）.我的外套需要被洗。 （5）某些表示主语质地、自身特征的动词，如write, wash, sell, read, clean, cook等，常和副词well 或easily连用用主动行式表被动意义。这些动词在这种情况下，一般用作不及物动词。 如The shop opens at six in the morning.这家商店上午6点开门。 时态和语态： 1.（2025·福建泉州·一模）- Who _______ the meeting room? It looks really tidy and nice. - Jeff and Sally. They are going to host an English corner here later. A.will clean B.is cleaning C.has cleaned 2.（2025·福建福州·十六中九上质检）Panda Yaya ________ to Beijing Zoo for over one year. She is taken good care of there. A.came back B.has come back C.has been back 3.（2025·福建漳州·一中七下初测）- Look! It ________ now. - Wow. It seldom ________ here in winter. A.snows; snows B.snows; is snowing C.is snowing; snows 4.（2025·福建泉州·丰泽区九上质检）Peter with his classmates ______ for the bus when the storm came. A.were waiting B.are waiting C.was waiting 5.（2025·福建三明·八上期末）I ________ when you called me last night. A.will sleep B.am sleeping C.was sleeping 6.（2025·福建福州·屏东中学九上月考）- When ________ he ________ for Japan? - In three days. A.did; leave B.does; leave C.is; leaving 7.（2025·福建福州·一中九上月考）- Is the man over there Mr. Chen? - No, it can’t be him. He ______ Shanghai on business. A.has gone to B.has been to C.will go to 8.（2025·福建厦门·湖里中学八上期中）- Look, the ground is wet. - Yes, it ________ heavily last night. We should be careful. A.rains B.rained C.is raining 9.（2025·福建福州·马尾区九上期中）- How long has your uncle ________? - About three years. A.come to Fuzhou B.been in Fuzhou C.been to Fuzhou 10.（2025·福建福州·八中九上）- Have you finished your homework yet? - Yes, I ________ it just now. A.finish B.finished C.have finished 11.（2025·福建龙岩·新罗区九上）- It ________ more than two years since we ________ to Longyan Junior High School. - Yes. How time flies! A.was; came B.is; came C.was; come 12.（2025·福建泉州·五中九上月考）- Tim, I remember you ________ Rose several years ago? - Yes, we ________ for three years. A.married; have been married B.married; married C.have married; have been married 13.（2022·福建福州·外国语九下月考）- Let’s eat some snacks. - Better not. Eating ________ at the cinema. A.isn’t allowed B.doesn’t allow C.aren’t allowed 14.（2025·福建福州·十二中九下开门考）- Listen, the song is so beautiful. - Oh, Lonely Warrior (孤勇者). I ________ it many times. A.hear B.heard C.have heard 15.（2024·福建泉州·安溪中考模考）- I didn’t see you at the party. - I ________ a meeting at that moment. A.will have B.have had C.was having 16.（2024·福建三明·七上期末）- Where is your sister? - She ________ to her pen-friend in her room now. A.writes B.is writing C.will write 17.（2024·福建泉州·五中九上期末）Mary ______ dinner in the kitchen when you called her at 6:30 yesterday evening. A.will prepare B.was preparing C.has prepared 18.（2025·福建泉州·同安区八上期中）Linda is crying, but no one knows what ________ to her just now. A.happens B.happened C.is happening 19.（2023·福建福州·中考真题）- Sally, I ________ the picture already. - Wow, truly beautiful! A. finish B. have finished C. was finishing 20.（2023·福建龙岩·中考二模）Nowadays, Chinese couples ________ to have three children to reduce the pressure of an aging population. A. were encouraged B. are encouraged C. will be encouraged 21.（2022·福建龙岩·中考二模）- How do you like the film TheBattle at Lake Changjin? - It’s so wonderful that I ________ it twice. A. saw B. will see C. have seen 22.（2023·福建泉州·中考二模）- Hi, Daniel. I didn’t see you in the chess class last night. - Oh, I ________ my son’s model plane. A.am repairing B.was repairing C.have repaired 23.（2025·福建泉州·安溪八上期末）- What was he doing at this time yesterday? - He ________ a ticket (票) to the Zhuhai Airshow in November, 2024. A.books B.is booking C.was booking 24.（2022·福建泉州·中考二模）- I saw the light of your room was still on at eleven o’clock last night. - Oh, I ________ for the exam today. A. am studying B. was studying C. have studied 25.（2025·福建泉州·晋江中考一模）- I’m terribly sorry for being late. - No worries. The film ________ for just a few minutes. A. has been in B. has been over C.has been on 特殊用法： 1.（2024·福建厦门·灌口中学八下）- What do you often do after dinner, Lily? - I used to ________ newspapers and watch TV after dinner. But now I’m used to ________ a walk. A.reading: take B.read; taking C.reading; taking 2.（2024·福建福州·十九中中考模拟）- When can I hand in the paper? - As soon as it ________ tomorrow. A.will finish B.will be finished C.is finished 3.（2024·福建福州·延安中学九上期末）The wool sweater is new, so it ________ soft and comfortable. A.is felt B.was felt C.feels 4.（2025·福建福州·八中九上开门考）- Dave, what do you think of the movie The First Slam Dunk (灌篮高手)? - It’s well worth ________ for a second time. A.watching B.to watch C.watches 5.（2024·福建莆田·中山中学九上期中）It’s not your turn yet. Please wait on the chair over there until you ________. A.are called B.have called C.will be called 6.（2024·福建龙岩·长汀中考一模）- What should parents do to face their children’s success? - I think children will act better if they ________ in correct ways. A.praise B.will praise C.are praised 7.（2024·福建石狮·实验中学八上期中）Tom ________ Fuzhou with his mother the day after tomorrow. A.is leaving for B.left for C.leaves for 8.（2023·福建三明·宁化县中考模拟）- Linda, shall we go to fly kites in the Central Park? - Sure, I will go with you as soon as my homework ________. A.is finished B.will be finished C.finishes 9.（2022·福建福州·三中一模）He was made ________ the room with his brothers yesterday evening A.clean B.to clean C.cleaned 10.（2022·福建福州·则徐中学八上期末）Tony is my best friend. He always tries to make me ________ when I’m unhappy. A.laughed B.laughing C.laugh 11.（2024·福建漳州·一中八下月考）Not only Peter but also Jim ________ watching movies on weekends. A.like B.likes C.don’t like 12.（2025·福建漳州·龙海自主招生）Not only parks and museums but also local traffic ________ a lot in New York so far.  ________, it’s a wonderful place to live. A.have improved; In fact B.has improved; As a matter of fact C.had improve; By the way D.improved; For example 13.（2025·福建厦门·双十八上期末）Look at the clouds! It ________ rain soon. A.is going to B.should be to C.is up to 14.（2022·福建厦门·中考二模）- Are you enjoying your holiday? - Yes, it’s the best holiday that I ________ for a long time. A.had B.have C.have had 15.（2024·福建三明·中考一检）- The winter holiday is coming soon. What's your plan? - I ________ to Shanghai for my vacation next month. A. fly B. am flying C. flew 16.（2025·福建福州·延安中学九上期中）- Have you seen the movie Kung Fu Panda 4? - Yes. I ________ it with my father last month. A.see B. saw C. have seen 17.（2025·福建南平·九上月考）- I wonder when you ________ the new house. - Well, I ________ it for five years. A.have bought; have had B.bought; have bought C.bought; have had 18.（2025·福建厦门·湖里外国语九上期中）Look at the building over there! I ________ to school there, but now it's a factory. A. used to go B. was used to go C. was used to going 拓展题： 1.（2025·福建厦门·七上期末）Fangfang always (brush) her teeth before going to bed. 2.（2024·福建厦门·华侨九上月考）Teenagers under 18 should not (allow) to drive, according to the law. 3.（2024·福建厦门·湖里中学九上月考）Your eyes (hurt) if you always read in the dark light. 4.（2024·福建福州·中考一检）During Grain in Ear, long hours of sunshine along with warm and humid ocean air, which brings rainfall, (provide ) much-needed heat and water for summer crops. 5.（2024·福建龙岩·中考一检）The next morning, the sister (hold) something unusual in her hand. 6.（2024·福建宁德·中考一检）Baduanjin is slow and gentle, and usually accompanied (伴随) by soft and relaxing music, so it used to (regard) as a sport for the elderly. 7.（2024·福建厦门·一中九下月考）The name of this Chinese book (mean) that humans make good use of the nature with the help of technologies. 8.（2024·福建厦门·一中九下月考）The book became popular soon after it (print). 9.（2025·福建厦门·一中九上期中）Zhang finally (success) in 2009. 10.（2025·福建厦门·松柏中学九上期中）It tells them that before one (begin) to study history, he or she must become skilled in classic works at first. 11.（2025·福建厦门·松柏中学九上期中）Though it (stop) being used as a text for primary schools, many people in China can still recite some of it. 12.（2025·福建厦门·一中九上期中）In 2017, chabaixi (list) as a provincial-level intangible cultural heritage of Fujian province. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$