精品解析：北京市第二中学2023-2024学年高一下学期第四学段考试英语试卷

北京二中2023—2024学年度第四学段高一年级学段考试试卷 英语 必修Ⅲ 命题人： 　审核人： 得分：_________ 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，20分） 第一节 语音知识（共10小题；每小题0.5分，共5分） 请选出下列各组单词中下划线部分的发音与其他单词不相同的一个单词。 1. A. mansion B. landscape C. Roman D. transition 2. A. kingdom B. position C. opinion D. military 3. A. award B. ancestor C. amount D. addition 4. A. assume B. studio C. album D. contribute 5. A. romantic B. rhetorical C. personification D. phenomenon 6. A. defence B. scent C. energy D. sensory 7. A. break B. treatment C. feast D. eager 8. A. announce B. soul C. county D. discount 9. A. gradual B. gallery C. generous D. legal 10. A. courtyard B. classical C. capable D. fascinating 第二节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 A Standard of Excellence My 14-year-old son, John, and I spotted the coat almost at the same time in the second-hand clothing store. While the other coats were hanging down loosely, this one looked as if it were ___11___ itself up. The thick, black wool was soft and unworn. It had a black velvet collar, beautiful tailoring and an unbelievable price of $28. We looked at each other, saying nothing, but John’s eyes shone. Dark, woolen overcoats were popular with teenage boys, but could cost several hundred dollars new. This coat was even better, ___12___ that touch of classic elegance from long ago. John tried it on and turned from side to side, ___13___ himself in the mirror with a serious, studied expression that soon changed into a smile. The ___14___ was perfect. John wore the coat to school the next day and came home with a wide smile. “How did the kids like your coat?” I asked. “They loved it!” he said, carefully folding it over the back of a chair and ___15___ it flat. Over the next few weeks, a change came over John. Agreement replaced contrariness; ___16___, reasoned discussion replaced argument. He became more mannerly and more thoughtful, eager to ___17___ me. “Good dinner, Mom,” he would say every evening. One day when I suggested that he might start on homework before dinner, John, who was always putting off doing stuff, said, “You’re right. I guess I will.” When I ___18___ this incident to one of his teachers and remarked that I didn’t know what caused the changes, she said laughing, “It must be his coat!” At the library, we ran into a friend who had not seen our children for a long time, “Could this be John?” he asked, looking up to John’s new height, assessing the style of his coat and extending his head, one gentleman to another. John and I both know we should never ___19___ a person’s clothes for the real person within them. But there is something to be said for wearing a standard of excellence for the world to see, for practicing standards of excellence in thought, speech, and behavior, and for ____20____ what is on the inside to what is on the outside. 11 A. carrying B. putting C. holding D. pushing 12. A. developing B. indicating C. adopting D. bearing 13. A. eyeing B. admiring C. questioning D. measuring 14. A. brand B. figure C. result D. fit 15. A. pressing B. smoothing C. beating D. ironing 16. A. wild B. quiet C. fair D. detailed 17. A. please B. help C. change D. remind 18. A. explained B. announced C. presented D. mentioned 19. A. trust B. judge C. mistake D. blame 20. A. matching B. comparing C. preferring D. adjusting 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。（共14小题；每小题2分, 共28分） A I know what courage looks like. I saw it on a flight I took six years ago, and only now can I speak of it without tears filling eyes at the memory. Our flight left the Orlando Airport one Friday morning. But immediately upon take-off, it was clear that something was wrong. The aircraft was bumping up and down. All the experienced travellers, including me, looked around with knowing smiles. If you fly much, you see these things and learn to act calmly about them. However, we did not remain calm for long. Minutes after we were in the air, our plane began falling quickly. The pilot soon made a serious announcement. “We are having some difficulties,” he said. “Our indicators show that the control system has failed. We will be returning to the Orlando Airport. The flight attendants will prepare you for a bumpy landing. Also, if you look out of the windows, you will see that we are dumping fuel from the airplane. We want to have as little on board as possible in the event of a rough touchdown.” In other words, we were about to crash. Many travellers looked visibly frightened now. No one faces death without fear, I thought. Then a couple of rows to my left, I heard a still calm voice, a woman’s voice, speaking in an absolutely normal conversational tone. I had to find the source of this voice. All around, people cried. Many screamed. Finally, I saw her. In this chaos, a mother was talking to her child. The woman, in her mid-30s, was staring full into the face of her daughter, who looked to be four years old. The child listened closely, sensing the importance of her mother’s words. The mother’s gaze held the child so fixed that she seemed untouched by the sounds of grief and fear around her. Finally, I leaned over and by some miracle could hear this soft sure voice with the tone of comfort. Over and over again, the mother said, “I love you so much. Remember, no matter what happens, I love you always.” Fortunately, our landing gear held at last and our touchdown was not a tragedy. However, the voice I heard that day never faded. That mom showed me what a real hero looks like. 21. What does the author imply by saying “some travellers’ knowing smiles” in Paragraph 2? A. They were used to this kind of experience. B. They were quite familiar with each other. C. They were well-educated passengers. D. They were pretending to be calm. 22. What happened shortly after take-off? A. The plane met bad weather and had to return immediately. B. The flight indicators showed the plane’s control system failed. C One of the passengers was badly ill and the plane had to turn back. D. A flight attendant explained flight safety instructions to the passengers. 23. What is the best title for the passage? A. The Shape of Love B. The Danger of a Journey C. The Wisdom of a Pilot D. The Voice of Courage B The National Council for the Traditional Arts (NCTA) is a leading non-profit organization dedicated to the presentation and documentation of folk and traditional arts in the United States. NCTA presents the nation’s very finest artists in festivals, tours, international cultural exchange, workshops, demonstrations and exhibitions, media productions, school programs, and other activities. It works in partnership with communities across America to establish new, sustainable traditional arts events that deliver lasting social and cultural benefits. NCTA seeks Festival Support Staff for 2024 festival season to provide office and on-site support for three large-scale festivals. Positions available include: Programming Administration Assistant This is the perfect position for someone with an interest in history, arts management, cultural anthropology, and related fields. Responsibilities include programming research, marketing and promotion, and event organization. The position may also be responsible for press and photo document management, social media updates, and customer service. Qualified applicants will be detail-oriented (细心的) and organized, with excellent people skills and a general interest in the traditional arts. Computer literacy is essential. Contract runs May 1 – December 15. Festival Assistant This is the perfect position for someone with an interest in arts, culture, and event logistics (后勤) who enjoys operating in a fast-paced, collegial small-office environment. The position provides festival staff support. Responsibilities include document creation, travel purchase, logistics support, data entry, and database maintenance. Qualified applicants will be outgoing and open-minded, with effective oral and written communication skills and computer literacy. Prior experience with festival planning is preferred. Contract runs May 18 – October 30. Production Associate The Production Associate is a key member of the production team who will work closely with the Production Manager on all festival audio, backline, and lighting needs, from planning through implementation (实施). The role will contribute to the following key tasks: advancing technical needs with artists, making tech books, accurate record-keeping, and working with NCTA and Festival staff to insure smooth on-site operations. Qualified applicants will be responsible and adaptable, with excellent people skills. Prior experience in concert production is preferred. Contract runs June 15 – October 30. All Positions: All positions are full time with contract. Deadline is April 20, 2024. More details and how to apply at: http//ncta-America.com. 24. According to the passage, NCTA ____. A. focuses on cultural and art education B. keeps a record of American traditional arts C. enjoys economic benefits from communities D. aims to help the artists in art-related activities 25. The programming administration assistant will probably_____. A. plan and design program B. create social networking websites C. deal with complaints from customers D. photograph newspapers and documents 26. What is the requirement for all the three positions? A. Communication skills. B. Working experience. C. Driving skills. D. Knowledge on traditional arts. C Albert Einstein’s 1915 masterpiece “The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity” is the first and still the best introduction to the subject, and I recommend it as such to students. But it probably wouldn’t be publishable in a scientific journal today. Why not? After all, it would pass with flying colours the tests of correctness and significance. And while popular belief holds that the paper was incomprehensible to its first readers, in fact many papers in theoretical physics are much more difficult. As the physicist Richard Feynman wrote, “There was a time when the newspapers said that only 12 men understood the theory of relativity. I do believe there might have been a time when only one man did, because he was the only guy who caught on, before he wrote his paper. But after people read the paper, a lot understood the theory of relativity in some way or other, certainly more than 12.” No, the problem is its style. It starts with a leisurely philosophical discussion of space and time and then continues with an exposition of known mathematics. Those two sections, which would be considered extraneous today, take up half the paper. Worse, there are zero citations of previous scientists’ work, nor are there any graphics. Those features might make a paper not even get past the first editors. A similar process of professionalization has transformed other parts of the scientific landscape. Requests for research time at major observatories or national laboratories are more rigidly structured. And anything involving work with human subjects, or putting instruments in space, involves piles of paperwork. We see it also in the Regeneron Science Talent Search, the Nobel Prize of high school science competitions. In the early decades of its 78-year history, the winning projects were usually the sort of clever but naive, amateurish efforts one might expect of talented beginners working on their own. Today, polished work coming out of internships (实习) at established laboratories is the norm. These professionalizing tendencies are a natural consequence of the explosive growth of modern science. Standardization and system make it easier to manage the rapid flow of papers, applications and people. But there are serious downsides. A lot of unproductive effort goes into jumping through bureaucratic hoops (繁文缛节), and outsiders face entry barriers at every turn. Of course, Einstein would have found his way to meeting modern standards and publishing his results. Its scientific core wouldn’t have changed, but the paper might not be the same taste to read. 27. According to Richard Feynman, Einstein’s 1915 paper ______. A. was a classic in theoretical physics B turned out to be comprehensible C. needed further improvement D. attracted few professionals 28. What does the underlined word “extraneous” in Paragraph 4 mean? A. Unrealistic. B. Irrelevant. C. Unattractive. D. Imprecise. 29. According to the author, what is affected as modern science develops? A. The application of research findings. B. The principle of scientific research. C. The selection of young talents. D. The evaluation of laboratories. 30. Which would be the best title for this passage? A. What makes Einstein great? B. Will science be professionalized? C. Could Einstein get published today? D. How will modern science make advances? D It’s common knowledge that the woman in Leonardo da Vinci’s most famous painting seems to look back at observers, following them with her eyes no matter where they stand in the room. But this common knowledge turns out wrong. A new study finds that the woman in the painting is actually looking out at an angle that’s 15. 4 degrees off to the observer’s right-well outside of the range that people normally believe when they think someone is looking right at them. In other words, said the study author, Horstmann, “She’s not looking at you. “ This is somewhat ironic, because the entire phenomenon of a person’s gaze (凝视) in a photograph or painting seeming to follow the viewer is called the “Mona Lisa effect” . That effect is absolutely real, Horstmann said. If a person is illustrated or photographed looking straight ahead, even people viewing the portrait from an angle will feel they are being looked at. As long as the angle of the person’s gaze is no more than about 5 degrees off to either side, the Mona Lisa effect occurs. This is important for human interaction with on-screen characters. If you want someone off to the right side of a room to feel that a person on-screen is looking at him or her, you don’t cut the gaze of the character to that side-surprisingly, doing so would make an observer feel like the character isn’t looking at anyone in the room at all. Instead, you keep the gaze straight ahead. Horstmann and his co-author were studying this effect for its application in the creation of artificial-intelligence avatars(虚拟头像) when Horstmann took a long look at the “Mona Lisa” and realized she wasn’t looking at him. To make sure it wasn’t just him, the researchers asked 24 people to view images of the “Mona Lisa” on a computer screen. They set a ruler between the viewer and the screen and asked the participants to note which number on the ruler intersected(和……相交) Mona Lisa’s gaze. To calculate the angle of Mona Lisa’s gaze as she looked at the viewer, they moved the ruler farther from or closer to the screen during the study. Consistently, the researchers found, participants judged that the woman in the “Mona Lisa” portrait was not looking straight at them, but slightly off to their right. So why do people repeat the belief that her eyes seem to follow the viewer? Horstmann isn’t sure. It’s possible he said, that people have the desire to be looked at, so they think the woman is looking straight at them. Or maybe the people who first coined the term “Mona Lisa effect” just thought it was a cool name. 31. It is generally believed that the woman in the painting “Mona Lisa”___________. A. attracts the viewers to look back B. seems mysterious because of her eyes C. fixes her eyes on the back of the viewers D. looks at the viewers wherever they stand 32. What gaze range in a painting will cause the Mona Lisa effect? A. B. C. D. 33. The experiment involving 24 people was conducted to______. A. confirm Horstmann’s belief B. create artificial-intelligence avatars C. calculate the angle of Mona Lisa’s gaze D. explain how the Mona Lisa effect can be applied 34. What can we learn from the passage? A. Horstmann thinks it’s cool to coin the term “Mona Lisa effect”. B. The Mona Lisa effect contributes to the creation of artificial intelligence. C. Feeling being gazed at by Mona Lisa may be caused by the desire for attention. D. The position of the ruler in the experiment will influence the viewers’ judgement. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Three Benefits of Imaginative Thinking Our imaginations make it possible to invent alternative realities from “what is” and “what could be.” _____35_____ Focusing only on what we already know can limit our ability to think more broadly. The human imagination is a predictive tool that enables people to foresee situations they never previously experienced. Everyone has this capacity to some degree. Imagining possible futures. _____36_____ Imagining the future enables us to evaluate alternative paths forward, predict how we would feel if they happened, and choose which to pursue. For instance, by simulating a potential event (job interview, holiday options) via mental imagery, we can “test out” in the mind potential emotional consequences. The imagination of the desired future motivates the person to cope with obstacles to attain goals. _____37_____ Imagining events from a distance encourages abstract thinking that boosts creativity. After several years of experience, people start to repeat themselves; it becomes more of the same old approach. They become insiders. One of the most effective ways of cultivating an outsider perspective is to feel distant from the problems. _____38_____ The distance allows one to view problems in a more imaginative way. Suddenly, the mind is aware of those considerations that were previously ignored, and those facts that should be ignored. The vividness effects. Any situation that affects our ability to visualize events and situations may affect our judgments. Visual images are more emotionally intense than words. We recall emotionally charged events far more than ordinary ones. _____39_____ For example, lawyers have known for a long time that the vividness of the testimony offered by a witness can influence the judgments made by a jury. Imagination is deeply connected with reality. The richer the personal experience is, the richer the ingredients for imagining. Through books, art, discussions with others, and education, we can build our knowledge of events and places that we have never experienced. A. The dark side of imagination. B. Distancing from the problem. C. It is the ability to “see” something that does not exist. D. Imagination frees us from the limit of our immediate reality. E. However, this emotional preference harms our ability to see the big picture. F. For example, “No man is an island”, implies that no one is truly self-sufficient. G. For example traveling, getting away from the places we spend most of our time. 第三部分：词汇、语法知识（共两节，23分） 第一节 单词填空（共16小题；每小题0.5分，共8分） 请根据括号中所给的提示或首字母提示，使用所学单词的正确形式完成句子，并将完整的单词答案写到答题纸相应位置上，每空仅填写一个单词。 40. I only have time for a s____________ (小吃) at lunchtime. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 41. Reaching this agreement so quickly was a great a____________ (成就). (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 42. He found herself totally ____________ (absorb) in learning English. (所给词的适当形式填空) 43. It seemed i___________ (难以置信的，不可思议的) that people would still want to play football during a war. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 44. What do you know about Confucius and his p____________ (哲学思想). (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 45. People are working longer in life than the p____________ (先前的) generation. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 46. It was hard to a______(靠近) the painting as there were so many people around.(根据中英文提示填空) 47. The young people attracted by the legend of Loch Ness watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars ____________ (position) on the hill. (所给词的适当形式填空) 48. The best reason for a trip to Hong Kong is the super o____________ (机会) for shopping. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 49. She believes that it is highly important to bridge the digital divide and make sure that everyone has a____________ (使用，接触) to the Internet. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 50. The most s____________ (显著的，引人注目的) feature of those stories is the high proportion of youths. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 51. The city government has taken measures to prevent a r____________ (重复，重演) of last year’s unrest. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 52. We found the website had its information u____________ (更新) regularly. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 53. It is one of the most o____________ (独创的，原作的) works of imagination in the language. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 54. The baobabs can be d____________ (区别，区分) from the rosebushes which they resemble so closely in their earliest youth. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 55. What the king f____________ (从根本上) insisted upon was that his authority should be respected. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 第二节 语法填空 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Simplicity marks the origin of Banff — Canada’s first national park. In 1883, on the slopes of the Canadian Rocky Mountains, three railway workers _____56_____ (discover) a natural hot spring, and ____57____there the park was born. Nowadays, Banff is one of the world’s premiere destinations, _____58_____ (stretch) across a region of unparalleled majestic mountain scenery. Banff is part of UNESCO’s Canadian Rocky MountainWorld Heritage attraction. B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes is a world heritage site _____59_____ (locate) in Gansu Province, Northwest China. In 2016, the first phase of Digital Dunhuang resource database ______60______ (go) online. Now people from all over the world can enjoy high-definition images and panoramic tours of 30 caves on the Digital Dunhuang website, ______61______ all kinds of data, including videos, 3D data, pictures and others, are integrated into digital images that can be shared globally over the Internet. Although the Digital Dunhuang project has a long way to go, it has significant meaning to cultural heritage protection. C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 They may not have had computers, databases, social networking sites, or spreadsheets, but the ancient Egyptians ____62____ (know) to have kept careful manuscripts, not only of important people and events but also of the minute details of everyday life. In 1896-1897, hundreds of thousands of fragments of papyrus with writing on them were found on the edge of a ___63___ (ruin) Egyptian city, in a place which is believed to have been the city’s landfill. The fragments, ___64___ filled 700 boxes, were taken back to Oxford, England. ____65____ (write) in ancient Greek, the manuscripts now belong to the Egypt Exploration Society - an organization that was established over 125 years ago to carry out archaeological fieldwork and research in Egypt. 第四部分：书面表达（共两节，29分） 第一节 阅读表达（共3小题，第1、2题各2分，第3小题5分，共9分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Why we’re obsessed with music from our youth People tend to be extremely nostalgic (怀旧的) about the music they listened to when they were young. But why is that? Do we genuinely think music from the past is better, or has it got something to do with the memories we have of that time? Music is closely linked with memory and emotion. There’s a reason for the popularity of the long-running BBC radio programme, Desert Island Discs, in which celebrity guests share the soundtrack of their lives. It has been shown that when people are asked to choose their favorite record, it is likely to come from the reminiscence (怀旧性记忆) bump period, and that older adults know more about music from their youth than current pop songs. But does that mean that music from this period is more likely to be connected to autobiographical memories? In our study, my colleagues and I investigated the presence of the “musical reminiscence bump” in a group of 470 adults who were between 18 and 82 years old. Our aim was to investigate how a person’s age when a song was popular affected three related but distinct concepts: the degree to which the song was associated with autobiographical memories, how familiar the song was and how much they liked the song. Participants in our study were shown the titles and artists of 111 pop songs that had featured in the charts across a 65-year period (1950-2015) and provided ratings of the three concepts of interest. We discovered that, across our participant sample as a whole, music that was in the charts during one’s adolescence was not only rated as more familiar, but was also associated with more autobiographical memories. This music-related reminiscence bump peaked around age 14: songs popular when participants were this age stirred up the most memories overall. In addition, older adults (around age 40+) also liked songs from their adolescence more than other songs. However, younger adults (aged 18-40) did not show this same trend, and in some cases gave even lower liking ratings to music from their adolescence than music released before they were born. This suggests that songs from our adolescence can become closely entangled with memories from our past even if we don’t personally value the music. This may be because it has accompanied various memorable settings from this period (school dances, gatherings with friends, graduations, and so on). 66. What is music associated with? ______________________________________________________________________________ 67. Why did the older adults (around age 40+) like songs from their adolescence more than other songs? ______________________________________________________________________________ 68. What song reminds you of a time in your life and what memory does it stir up? (In about 40 words) ______________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 北京二中2023—2024学年度第四学段高一年级学段考试试卷 英语 必修Ⅲ 命题人： 　审核人： 得分：_________ 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，20分） 第一节 语音知识（共10小题；每小题0.5分，共5分） 请选出下列各组单词中下划线部分的发音与其他单词不相同的一个单词。 1. A. mansion B. landscape C. Roman D. transition 2. A. kingdom B. position C. opinion D. military 3. A. award B. ancestor C. amount D. addition 4. A. assume B. studio C. album D. contribute 5. A. romantic B. rhetorical C. personification D. phenomenon 6. A. defence B. scent C. energy D. sensory 7. A. break B. treatment C. feast D. eager 8. A. announce B. soul C. county D. discount 9. A. gradual B. gallery C. generous D. legal 10. A. courtyard B. classical C. capable D. fascinating 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. D 【解析】 【1题详解】 考查语音。mansion、landscape和transition中画线字母发音为/æ/，Roman中画线字母发音为/ə/，故发音与其他单词不相同的是Roman。故选C。 【2题详解】 考查语音。kingdom、position和opinion中画线字母发音为/ɪ/，military中画线字母发音为/ə/，故发音与其他单词不相同的是military。故选D。 【3题详解】 考查语音。award、amount和addition中画线字母发音为/ə/，ancestor中画线字母发音为/æ/，故发音与其他单词不相同的是ancestor。故选B。 【4题详解】 考查语音。assume、studio和contribute中画线字母发音为/juː/，album中画线字母发音为/ə/，故发音与其他单词不相同的是album。故选C。 【5题详解】 考查语音。rhetorical、personification和phenomenon中画线字母发音为/ɒ/，romantic中画线字母发音为/əʊ/，故发音与其他单词不相同的是romantic。故选A。 【6题详解】 考查语音。defence、scent和sensory中画线字母发音为/e/，energy中画线字母发音为/ə/，故发音与其他单词不相同的是energy。故选C。 【7题详解】 考查语音。treatment、feast和eager中画线字母发音为/iː/，break中画线字母发音为/eɪ/，故发音与其他单词不相同的是break。故选A。 【8题详解】 考查语音。announce、county和discount中画线字母发音为/aʊ/，soul中画线字母发音为/əʊ/，故发音与其他单词不相同的是soul。故选B。 【9题详解】 考查语音。gradual、gallery和legal中画线字母发音为/ɡ/，generous中画线字母发音为/dʒ/，故发音与其他单词不相同的是generous。故选C。 【10题详解】 考查语音。courtyard、classical和capable中画线字母发音为/k/，fascinating中画线字母发音为/s/，故发音与其他单词不相同的是fascinating。故选D。 第二节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 A Standard of Excellence My 14-year-old son, John, and I spotted the coat almost at the same time in the second-hand clothing store. While the other coats were hanging down loosely, this one looked as if it were ___11___ itself up. The thick, black wool was soft and unworn. It had a black velvet collar, beautiful tailoring and an unbelievable price of $28. We looked at each other, saying nothing, but John’s eyes shone. Dark, woolen overcoats were popular with teenage boys, but could cost several hundred dollars new. This coat was even better, ___12___ that touch of classic elegance from long ago. John tried it on and turned from side to side, ___13___ himself in the mirror with a serious, studied expression that soon changed into a smile. The ___14___ was perfect. John wore the coat to school the next day and came home with a wide smile. “How did the kids like your coat?” I asked. “They loved it!” he said, carefully folding it over the back of a chair and ___15___ it flat. Over the next few weeks, a change came over John. Agreement replaced contrariness; ___16___, reasoned discussion replaced argument. He became more mannerly and more thoughtful, eager to ___17___ me. “Good dinner, Mom,” he would say every evening. One day when I suggested that he might start on homework before dinner, John, who was always putting off doing stuff, said, “You’re right. I guess I will.” When I ___18___ this incident to one of his teachers and remarked that I didn’t know what caused the changes, she said laughing, “It must be his coat!” At the library, we ran into a friend who had not seen our children for a long time, “Could this be John?” he asked, looking up to John’s new height, assessing the style of his coat and extending his head, one gentleman to another. John and I both know we should never ___19___ a person’s clothes for the real person within them. But there is something to be said for wearing a standard of excellence for the world to see, for practicing standards of excellence in thought, speech, and behavior, and for ____20____ what is on the inside to what is on the outside. 11. A. carrying B. putting C. holding D. pushing 12. A. developing B. indicating C. adopting D. bearing 13. A. eyeing B. admiring C. questioning D. measuring 14. A. brand B. figure C. result D. fit 15. A. pressing B. smoothing C. beating D. ironing 16. A. wild B. quiet C. fair D. detailed 17. A. please B. help C. change D. remind 18. A. explained B. announced C. presented D. mentioned 19. A. trust B. judge C. mistake D. blame 20. A. matching B. comparing C. preferring D. adjusting 【答案】11. C 12. D 13. A 14. D 15. B 16. B 17. A 18. D 19. C 20. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是作者的儿子约翰在二手店找到一件心仪的外套后，不仅外貌形象有所提升，行为举止也变得更加礼貌和体贴的故事。 【11题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然其他外套都松松垮垮地挂着，但这件看起来像是自己撑起来的一样。A. carrying携带；B. putting放；C. holding支撑；D. pushing推。根据上文的“While the other coats were hanging down loosely”可知，其他衣服看起来松松垮垮地挂着，上下文为对比意义，由此可知，此处指的是这件衣服看起来像是自己“支撑”起来的一样，符合语境。故选C项。 【12题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这件外套甚至更好，带有那种来自很久以前的经典优雅气质。A. developing发展；B. indicating指示；C. adopting采用；D. bearing具有。根据上文的“This coat was even better”可知，这件外套更好，由此可知，此处描述好在什么地方，所以它“具有”经典优雅，符合语境。故选D项。 【13题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：约翰穿上它，从一边转到另一边，在镜子前注视着自己，带着一种认真、仔细的表情，很快这种表情变成了微笑。A. eyeing注视；B. admiring欣赏；C. questioning质疑；D. measuring测量。根据上文的“John tried it on and turned from side to side”以及下文的“in the mirror with a serious, studied expression that soon changed into a smile.”可知，此处描述的是约翰在试穿衣服，由此可知，此处表示他仔细地“审视”自己的样子，符合语境。故选A项。 【14题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：衣服非常合身。A. brand品牌；B. figure身材；C. result结果；D. fit适合，合身。根据上文的“John tried it on and turned from side to side, ___3___ himself in the mirror with a serious, studied expression that soon changed into a smile.”可知，约翰在试穿衣服时严肃认真的表情变成了微笑，由此可知，他对衣服很满意，所以此处表示衣服非常合身。故选D项。 【15题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“他们很喜欢！”他说，小心翼翼地把它折叠在椅子背上并抚平。A. pressing按压；B. smoothing抚平；C. beating拍打；D. ironing熨烫。根据上文的“carefully folding it over the back of a chair”可知，约翰小心翼翼地把它折叠在椅子背上，他细心照顾外套，所以此处表示“抚平”符合语境。故选B项。 【16题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同意取代了固执己见；安静、理性的讨论取代了争吵。A. wild狂野的；B. quiet安静的；C. fair公平的；D. detailed详细的。根据下文的“reasoned discussion replaced argument.”可知，理性的讨论取代了争吵，此空与reasoned为并列关系，由此可知，此处表示“安静的”符合语境。故选B项。 【17题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他变得更加礼貌和体贴，渴望取悦我。A. please（使）开心；B. help帮助；C. change改变；D. remind提醒。根据上文的“He became more mannerly and more thoughtful”可知，约翰变得更加礼貌和体贴，由此可知，此处表示他渴望让作者开心。故选A项。 【18题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我向他的一个老师提到这件事时，我说我不知道是什么引起了这些变化，她笑着说：“一定是他的外套！” A. explained解释；B. announced宣布；C. presented展示；D. mentioned提及。根据下文的“she said laughing, “It must be his coat!””可知，老师告诉作者肯定是外套让约翰有这些变化，由此可知，此处指的是作者向老师“提到”了这个事件，符合语境。故选D项。 【19题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：约翰和我都明白，我们绝不能把一个人的衣着与这个人人格混为一谈。A. trust信任；B. judge判断；C. mistake误会，看错；D. blame责备。根据下文的“But there is something to be said for wearing a standard of excellence for the world to see”可知，有一点值得肯定的是，要以一种卓越的标准来要求自己，让世人看到这种卓越，上下文之间为转折关系，由此可知，此处指的是决不能把一个人的衣着误看成这个人的人格，mistake…for…意为“把……错当成……”。故选C项。 【20题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但有一点值得肯定的是，要以一种卓越的标准来要求自己，让世人看到这种卓越，要在思想、言语和行为方面践行卓越的标准，并且要做到内在与外在相匹配。A. matching匹配；B. comparing比较；C. preferring偏好；D. adjusting调整。根据上文的“for practicing standards of excellence in thought, speech, and behavior”可知，人们需要在思想、言语和行为方面践行卓越的标准，由此可知，此处指的是将内在与外在相“匹配”符合语境。故选A项。 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。（共14小题；每小题2分, 共28分） A I know what courage looks like. I saw it on a flight I took six years ago, and only now can I speak of it without tears filling eyes at the memory. Our flight left the Orlando Airport one Friday morning. But immediately upon take-off, it was clear that something was wrong. The aircraft was bumping up and down. All the experienced travellers, including me, looked around with knowing smiles. If you fly much, you see these things and learn to act calmly about them. However, we did not remain calm for long. Minutes after we were in the air, our plane began falling quickly. The pilot soon made a serious announcement. “We are having some difficulties,” he said. “Our indicators show that the control system has failed. We will be returning to the Orlando Airport. The flight attendants will prepare you for a bumpy landing. Also, if you look out of the windows, you will see that we are dumping fuel from the airplane. We want to have as little on board as possible in the event of a rough touchdown.” In other words, we were about to crash. Many travellers looked visibly frightened now. No one faces death without fear, I thought. Then a couple of rows to my left, I heard a still calm voice, a woman’s voice, speaking in an absolutely normal conversational tone. I had to find the source of this voice. All around, people cried. Many screamed. Finally, I saw her. In this chaos, a mother was talking to her child. The woman, in her mid-30s, was staring full into the face of her daughter, who looked to be four years old. The child listened closely, sensing the importance of her mother’s words. The mother’s gaze held the child so fixed that she seemed untouched by the sounds of grief and fear around her. Finally, I leaned over and by some miracle could hear this soft sure voice with the tone of comfort. Over and over again, the mother said, “I love you so much. Remember, no matter what happens, I love you always.” Fortunately, our landing gear held at last and our touchdown was not a tragedy. However, the voice I heard that day never faded. That mom showed me what a real hero looks like. 21. What does the author imply by saying “some travellers’ knowing smiles” in Paragraph 2? A. They were used to this kind of experience. B. They were quite familiar with each other. C. They were well-educated passengers. D. They were pretending to be calm. 22. What happened shortly after take-off? A. The plane met bad weather and had to return immediately. B. The flight indicators showed the plane’s control system failed. C. One of the passengers was badly ill and the plane had to turn back. D. A flight attendant explained flight safety instructions to the passengers. 23. What is the best title for the passage? A. The Shape of Love B. The Danger of a Journey C. The Wisdom of a Pilot D. The Voice of Courage 【答案】21. A 22. B 23. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在一次飞行中遭遇飞行故障，在作者感到害怕时，一位母亲对孩子的温柔安慰让作者重新获得面对危险的勇气。 【21题详解】 推理判断题。根据划线部分下文“If you fly much, you see these things and learn to act calmly about them. (如果你经常飞行，你会看到这些事情，并学会冷静地对待它们。)”可知，如果你经常飞行，你会经常经历飞机上下颠簸，已经习惯了这种经历并学会冷静地对待它们，所以一些旅行者表现出会心的微笑，由此可知，作者在第2段中说“some travellers’ knowing smiles”表达的意思是他们已经习惯了这种经历。故选A项。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段““Our indicators show that the control system has failed. We will be returning to the Orlando Airport. The flight attendants will prepare you for a bumpy landing. Also, if you look out of the windows, you will see that we are dumping fuel from the airplane. We want to have as little on board as possible in the event of a rough touchdown.”(“我们的指示灯显示控制系统出了故障。我们将返回奥兰多机场。空乘人员将为你准备颠簸的着陆。此外，如果你从窗户向外看，你会看到我们正在从飞机上倾倒燃油。我们希望在着陆不稳的情况下，尽量减少机上的燃油。”)”可知，起飞后不久指示灯显示控制系统出了故障，由此可知，起飞后不久飞行指示器显示飞机的控制系统失灵了。故选B项。 【23题详解】 主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“Finally, I leaned over and by some miracle could hear this soft sure voice with the tone of comfort. (“最后，我身体前倾，奇迹般地听到了这个温柔而自信的声音，带着安慰的语气。)”和最后一段内容“However, the voice I heard that day never faded. That mom showed me what a real hero looks like. (然而，那天我听到的声音从未消失。那个妈妈向我展示了真正的英雄是什么样子的。)”可知，文章讲述了作者在一次飞行中遇到了飞机的控制系统失灵，在作者感到害怕时，一位母亲对孩子的温柔的安慰让作者平静下来，重新获得面对危险的勇气，“The Voice of Courage”意为“勇气的声音”，能够概括文章主要内容。故选D项。 B The National Council for the Traditional Arts (NCTA) is a leading non-profit organization dedicated to the presentation and documentation of folk and traditional arts in the United States. NCTA presents the nation’s very finest artists in festivals, tours, international cultural exchange, workshops, demonstrations and exhibitions, media productions, school programs, and other activities. It works in partnership with communities across America to establish new, sustainable traditional arts events that deliver lasting social and cultural benefits. NCTA seeks Festival Support Staff for 2024 festival season to provide office and on-site support for three large-scale festivals. Positions available include: Programming Administration Assistant This is the perfect position for someone with an interest in history, arts management, cultural anthropology, and related fields. Responsibilities include programming research, marketing and promotion, and event organization. The position may also be responsible for press and photo document management, social media updates, and customer service. Qualified applicants will be detail-oriented (细心的) and organized, with excellent people skills and a general interest in the traditional arts. Computer literacy is essential. Contract runs May 1 – December 15. Festival Assistant This is the perfect position for someone with an interest in arts, culture, and event logistics (后勤) who enjoys operating in a fast-paced, collegial small-office environment. The position provides festival staff support. Responsibilities include document creation, travel purchase, logistics support, data entry, and database maintenance. Qualified applicants will be outgoing and open-minded, with effective oral and written communication skills and computer literacy. Prior experience with festival planning is preferred. Contract runs May 18 – October 30. Production Associate The Production Associate is a key member of the production team who will work closely with the Production Manager on all festival audio, backline, and lighting needs, from planning through implementation (实施). The role will contribute to the following key tasks: advancing technical needs with artists, making tech books, accurate record-keeping, and working with NCTA and Festival staff to insure smooth on-site operations. Qualified applicants will be responsible and adaptable, with excellent people skills. Prior experience in concert production is preferred. Contract runs June 15 – October 30. All Positions: All positions are full time with contract. Deadline is April 20, 2024. More details and how to apply at: http//ncta-America.com. 24. According to the passage, NCTA ____. A. focuses on cultural and art education B. keeps a record of American traditional arts C. enjoys economic benefits from communities D. aims to help the artists in art-related activities 25. The programming administration assistant will probably_____. A. plan and design program B. create social networking websites C. deal with complaints from customers D. photograph newspapers and documents 26. What is the requirement for all the three positions? A. Communication skills. B. Working experience. C. Driving skills. D. Knowledge on traditional arts. 【答案】24. B 25. C 26. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文，主要为国家传统艺术委员会的一则招聘广告，文章简要介绍了国家传统艺术委员会，以及三个岗位的一些工作内容和任职要求。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The National Council for the Traditional Arts (NCTA) is a leading non-profit organization dedicated to the presentation and documentation of folk and traditional arts in the United States.(国家传统艺术委员会（NCTA）是一个领先的非营利组织，致力于展示和记录美国的民间和传统艺术)”可知，国家传统艺术委员会（NCTA）记录美国传统艺术。故选B。 【25题详解】 推理判断题。根据Programming Administration Assistant部分中“The position may also be responsible for press and photo document management, social media updates, and customer service.(该职位还可能负责新闻和照片文件管理，社交媒体更新和客户服务)”可知，程序设计行政助理负责客户服务，故可能会处理客户的投诉。故选C。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据Programming Administration Assistant部分中“Qualified applicants will be detail-oriented (细心的) and organized, with excellent people skills and a general interest in the traditional arts.(合格的申请者将注重细节，组织能力强，具有优秀的人际交往能力和对传统艺术的普遍兴趣)”；Festival Assistant部分中“Qualified applicants will be outgoing and open-minded, with effective oral and written communication skills and computer literacy.(合格的应聘者应性格开朗，思想开放，具有有效的口头和书面沟通技巧和计算机知识)”；Production Associat部分中“Qualified applicants will be responsible and adaptable, with excellent people skills.(具有责任心和适应能力，优秀的人际交往能力)”可知，这三个职位共同的要求是沟通技巧。故选A。 C Albert Einstein’s 1915 masterpiece “The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity” is the first and still the best introduction to the subject, and I recommend it as such to students. But it probably wouldn’t be publishable in a scientific journal today. Why not? After all, it would pass with flying colours the tests of correctness and significance. And while popular belief holds that the paper was incomprehensible to its first readers, in fact many papers in theoretical physics are much more difficult. As the physicist Richard Feynman wrote, “There was a time when the newspapers said that only 12 men understood the theory of relativity. I do believe there might have been a time when only one man did, because he was the only guy who caught on, before he wrote his paper. But after people read the paper, a lot understood the theory of relativity in some way or other, certainly more than 12.” No, the problem is its style. It starts with a leisurely philosophical discussion of space and time and then continues with an exposition of known mathematics. Those two sections, which would be considered extraneous today, take up half the paper. Worse, there are zero citations of previous scientists’ work, nor are there any graphics. Those features might make a paper not even get past the first editors. A similar process of professionalization has transformed other parts of the scientific landscape. Requests for research time at major observatories or national laboratories are more rigidly structured. And anything involving work with human subjects, or putting instruments in space, involves piles of paperwork. We see it also in the Regeneron Science Talent Search, the Nobel Prize of high school science competitions. In the early decades of its 78-year history, the winning projects were usually the sort of clever but naive, amateurish efforts one might expect of talented beginners working on their own. Today, polished work coming out of internships (实习) at established laboratories is the norm. These professionalizing tendencies are a natural consequence of the explosive growth of modern science. Standardization and system make it easier to manage the rapid flow of papers, applications and people. But there are serious downsides. A lot of unproductive effort goes into jumping through bureaucratic hoops (繁文缛节), and outsiders face entry barriers at every turn. Of course, Einstein would have found his way to meeting modern standards and publishing his results. Its scientific core wouldn’t have changed, but the paper might not be the same taste to read. 27. According to Richard Feynman, Einstein’s 1915 paper ______. A. was a classic in theoretical physics B. turned out to be comprehensible C. needed further improvement D. attracted few professionals 28. What does the underlined word “extraneous” in Paragraph 4 mean? A. Unrealistic. B. Irrelevant. C. Unattractive. D. Imprecise. 29. According to the author, what is affected as modern science develops? A. The application of research findings. B. The principle of scientific research. C The selection of young talents. D. The evaluation of laboratories. 30. Which would be the best title for this passage? A. What makes Einstein great? B. Will science be professionalized? C. Could Einstein get published today? D. How will modern science make advances? 【答案】27. B 28. B 29. C 30. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕爱因斯坦的相对论论文《广义相对论的基础》展开，讨论了该论文在当代可能无法被科学期刊发表的原因，进而引出科学界专业化趋势的话题。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“As the physicist Richard Feynman wrote, “There was a time when the newspapers said that only 12 men understood the theory of relativity. I do believe there might have been a time when only one man did, because he was the only guy who caught on, before he wrote his paper. But after people read the paper, a lot understood the theory of relativity in some way or other, certainly more than 12.”(正如物理学家理查德・费曼所写的那样：“曾经有段时间，报纸上说只有 12 个人理解相对论。我确实相信可能曾有那么一个阶段，只有一个人懂，因为在他撰写论文之前，只有他一人领悟了。但在人们读过这篇论文之后，很多人都或多或少地理解了相对论，肯定不止 12 个人。”)”可知，在人们阅读了爱因斯坦的论文之后，很多人都在某种程度上理解了相对论，肯定不止 12 个人能理解。这表明爱因斯坦 1915 年的论文结果是可以被理解的。故选B。 【28题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文以及所在句“No, the problem is its style. It starts with a leisurely philosophical discussion of space and time and then continues with an exposition of known mathematics. Those two sections, which would be considered extraneous today, take up half the paper.(不，问题在于它的风格。文章开篇先是对时空进行了一番从容的哲学探讨，接着又对已知的数学知识进行了阐述。如今看来，这两部分会被认为是 “extraneous”，并且它们占据了论文一半篇幅。)”可推测，文中提到爱因斯坦论文的前两部分，先是对时空进行哲学探讨，接着阐述已知数学知识。而从现代科学论文发表的角度来看，这样的内容被视作是多余、不重要的，与论文核心关联性不大的。划线单词的意思和“多余、不重要的”相似。选项B“Irrelevant（不相关的；无关紧要的）”符合这两部分内容在如今看来对于论文主体来说是多余、关联性不强的意思，与原文要表达的逻辑相符。故选B。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第六段“We see it also in the Regeneron Science Talent Search, the Nobel Prize of high school science competitions. In the early decades of its 78-year history, the winning projects were usually the sort of clever but naive, amateurish efforts one might expect of talented beginners working on their own. Today, polished work coming out of internships(实习) at established laboratories is the norm.(我们在 “再生元科学人才搜索”（高中科学竞赛的诺贝尔奖）中也能看到这种情况。在这项有着 78 年历史的赛事的最初几十年里，获奖项目通常是那种有创意但略显幼稚、带有业余性质的成果，是人们可能预想中那些有天赋的初学者独立开展研究所能取得的成果。而如今，在知名实验室实习后完成的成熟作品才是常态。)”可推测，这个高中科学竞赛中，早期获奖项目是有创意但幼稚、业余的初学者作品，而如今是在知名实验室实习后的成熟作品。这表明在现代科学发展过程中，对于年轻人才的选拔标准发生了变化。故选C。 【30题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Albert Einstein’s 1915 masterpiece “The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity” is the first and still the best introduction to the subject, and I recommend it as such to students. But it probably wouldn’t be publishable in a scientific journal today.(阿尔伯特・爱因斯坦 1915 年的杰作《广义相对论的基础》是该领域的首部且至今仍是最佳的入门读物，我也因此向学生们推荐它。但在今天，它可能不会在科学期刊上发表了。)”以及全文内容可知，文章开篇以爱因斯坦 1915 年的论文《广义相对论的基础》为例，指出这篇在当时是杰作的论文在如今可能无法发表，随后从论文风格、科学领域的专业化进程等方面进行阐述，包括论文要求的变化、科学竞赛选拔人才标准的改变等，都是围绕爱因斯坦的论文在现代是否能发表这个核心话题展开，并讨论了现代科学发展导致的变化对论文发表等情况的影响。选项C“Could Einstein get published today?（爱因斯坦的论文在今天能发表吗？）”能够准确概括文章主旨，从爱因斯坦的论文入手，讨论现代科学的变化对论文发表的影响，是最合适的标题。故选C。 D It’s common knowledge that the woman in Leonardo da Vinci’s most famous painting seems to look back at observers, following them with her eyes no matter where they stand in the room. But this common knowledge turns out wrong. A new study finds that the woman in the painting is actually looking out at an angle that’s 15. 4 degrees off to the observer’s right-well outside of the range that people normally believe when they think someone is looking right at them. In other words, said the study author, Horstmann, “She’s not looking at you. “ This is somewhat ironic, because the entire phenomenon of a person’s gaze (凝视) in a photograph or painting seeming to follow the viewer is called the “Mona Lisa effect” . That effect is absolutely real, Horstmann said. If a person is illustrated or photographed looking straight ahead, even people viewing the portrait from an angle will feel they are being looked at. As long as the angle of the person’s gaze is no more than about 5 degrees off to either side, the Mona Lisa effect occurs. This is important for human interaction with on-screen characters. If you want someone off to the right side of a room to feel that a person on-screen is looking at him or her, you don’t cut the gaze of the character to that side-surprisingly, doing so would make an observer feel like the character isn’t looking at anyone in the room at all. Instead, you keep the gaze straight ahead. Horstmann and his co-author were studying this effect for its application in the creation of artificial-intelligence avatars(虚拟头像) when Horstmann took a long look at the “Mona Lisa” and realized she wasn’t looking at him. To make sure it wasn’t just him, the researchers asked 24 people to view images of the “Mona Lisa” on a computer screen. They set a ruler between the viewer and the screen and asked the participants to note which number on the ruler intersected(和……相交) Mona Lisa’s gaze. To calculate the angle of Mona Lisa’s gaze as she looked at the viewer, they moved the ruler farther from or closer to the screen during the study. Consistently, the researchers found, participants judged that the woman in the “Mona Lisa” portrait was not looking straight at them, but slightly off to their right. So why do people repeat the belief that her eyes seem to follow the viewer? Horstmann isn’t sure. It’s possible, he said, that people have the desire to be looked at, so they think the woman is looking straight at them. Or maybe the people who first coined the term “Mona Lisa effect” just thought it was a cool name. 31. It is generally believed that the woman in the painting “Mona Lisa”___________. A. attracts the viewers to look back B. seems mysterious because of her eyes C. fixes her eyes on the back of the viewers D. looks at the viewers wherever they stand 32. What gaze range in a painting will cause the Mona Lisa effect? A. B. C. D. 33. The experiment involving 24 people was conducted to______. A. confirm Horstmann’s belief B. create artificial-intelligence avatars C. calculate the angle of Mona Lisa’s gaze D. explain how the Mona Lisa effect can be applied 34. What can we learn from the passage? A. Horstmann thinks it’s cool to coin the term “Mona Lisa effect”. B. The Mona Lisa effect contributes to the creation of artificial intelligence. C. Feeling being gazed at by Mona Lisa may be caused by the desire for attention. D. The position of the ruler in the experiment will influence the viewers’ judgement. 【答案】31. D 32. B 33. A 34. C 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了人们通常认为《蒙娜丽莎》画像中的女性无论站在房间的哪个角落，似乎蒙娜丽莎总像是在注视着画外人，但事实证明，这种常识是错误的。为什么人们总是认为她的眼睛会跟着观众走呢？Horstmann并不确定。有可能是人们有被注视的欲望，所以他们认为蒙娜丽莎在注视他们，这就是“蒙娜丽莎效应”。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中It’s common knowledge that the woman in Leonardo da Vinci’s most famous painting seems to look back at observers, following them with her eyes no matter where they stand in the room.众所周知，列奥纳多•达•芬奇(Leonardo da Vinci)最著名的画作中的女人，无论站在房间的哪个角落，似乎娜丽莎总像是在注视着画外人，用她的眼睛跟随他们。可知，人们普遍认为，无论站在哪里，画作《蒙娜丽莎》中的女人都会看着画外人。故选D项。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中As long as the angle of the person’s gaze is no more than about 5 degrees off to either side, the Mona Lisa effect occurs.只要人的视线与两边的夹角不超过5度，就会出现蒙娜丽莎效应。故选B项。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中To make sure it wasn’t just him, the researchers asked 24 people to view images of the “Mona Lisa” on a computer screen.为了确保不仅仅是他，研究人员让24个人在电脑屏幕上观看“蒙娜丽莎”的图像。可知，为了证实霍斯曼的看法，对24个人进行了调查。故选 A项。 【34题详解】 细节理解题题。根据最后一段中It’s possible, he said, that people have the desire to be looked at, so they think the woman is looking straight at them.他说，人们有被注视的欲望是可能的，所以他们认为女人在注视他们。可知，蒙娜丽莎被注视的感觉可能是由于对注意力的渴望引起的。故选C项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Three Benefits of Imaginative Thinking Our imaginations make it possible to invent alternative realities from “what is” and “what could be.” _____35_____ Focusing only on what we already know can limit our ability to think more broadly. The human imagination is a predictive tool that enables people to foresee situations they never previously experienced. Everyone has this capacity to some degree. Imagining possible futures. _____36_____ Imagining the future enables us to evaluate alternative paths forward, predict how we would feel if they happened, and choose which to pursue. For instance, by simulating a potential event (job interview, holiday options) via mental imagery, we can “test out” in the mind potential emotional consequences. The imagination of the desired future motivates the person to cope with obstacles to attain goals. _____37_____ Imagining events from a distance encourages abstract thinking that boosts creativity. After several years of experience, people start to repeat themselves; it becomes more of the same old approach. They become insiders. One of the most effective ways of cultivating an outsider perspective is to feel distant from the problems. _____38_____ The distance allows one to view problems in a more imaginative way. Suddenly, the mind is aware of those considerations that were previously ignored, and those facts that should be ignored. The vividness effects. Any situation that affects our ability to visualize events and situations may affect our judgments. Visual images are more emotionally intense than words. We recall emotionally charged events far more than ordinary ones. _____39_____ For example, lawyers have known for a long time that the vividness of the testimony offered by a witness can influence the judgments made by a jury. Imagination is deeply connected with reality. The richer the personal experience is, the richer the ingredients for imagining. Through books, art, discussions with others, and education, we can build our knowledge of events and places that we have never experienced. A. The dark side of imagination. B Distancing from the problem. C. It is the ability to “see” something that does not exist. D. Imagination frees us from the limit of our immediate reality. E. However, this emotional preference harms our ability to see the big picture. F. For example, “No man is an island”, implies that no one is truly self-sufficient. G. For example, traveling, getting away from the places we spend most of our time. 【答案】35. C 36. D 37. B 38. G 39. E 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了想象性思维的三大益处。 【35题详解】 由上文“Our imaginations make it possible to invent alternative realities from “what is” and “what could be.” (我们的想象力使我们能够从“现状”和“可能性”中创造出另一种现实。)”可知，上文强调了想象力的作用，即能够创造出不同于现实的另一种可能性。本空应进一步解释或展开想象力的这种能力。C选项“It is the ability to “see” something that does not exist. (它是“看到”不存在的事物的能力。)”直接描述了想象力的核心特质，即能够“看到”或构想出不存在的事物，能承接上文，符合题意。故选C。 【36题详解】 由上文“Imagining possible futures. (想象可能的未来。)”可知，上文强调了想象未来的重要性。接下来需要具体阐述想象未来如何帮助我们。D选项“Imagination frees us from the limit of our immediate reality. (想象力使我们摆脱当前现实的限制。)”直接指出了想象力在想象未来方面的作用，即它能够帮助我们超越当前的现实限制，能承接上文，符合题意。故选D。 【37题详解】 由下文“Imagining events from a distance encourages abstract thinking that boosts creativity. After several years of experience, people start to repeat themselves; it becomes more of the same old approach. They become insiders. One of the most effective ways of cultivating an outsider perspective is to feel distant from the problems. (从远处想象事件能够激发抽象思维，进而提升创造力。在拥有几年经验之后，人们往往会开始重复自己；他们更多地采用以往的老办法。他们成了局内人。而培养局外人视角的最有效方法之一就是让自己感觉与问题保持距离。)”可知，该段主要围绕与问题保持距离展开论述。B选项“Distancing from the problem. (与问题保持距离。)”直接概括了本段的核心观点，即通过与问题保持距离来激发想象力和创造力，符合题意。故选B。 【38题详解】 由上文“Imagining events from a distance encourages abstract thinking that boosts creativity. After several years of experience, people start to repeat themselves; it becomes more of the same old approach. They become insiders. One of the most effective ways of cultivating an outsider perspective is to feel distant from the problems. (从远处想象事件能够激发抽象思维，进而提升创造力。在拥有几年经验之后，人们往往会开始重复自己；他们更多地采用以往的老办法。他们成了局内人。而培养局外人视角的最有效方法之一就是让自己感觉与问题保持距离。)”可知，上文作者提到了通过与问题保持距离来培养局外人视角的重要性，并指出这种距离感有助于以更具想象力的方式看待问题。本空需要一个具体的例子来支持这一观点。G选项“For example, traveling, getting away from the places we spend most of our time. (例如，旅行，离开我们大部分时间所在的地方。)”提供了一个具体的例子，即通过旅行来与日常问题保持距离，从而激发想象力和创造力，能承接上文，符合题意。故选G。 【39题详解】 由上文“Visual images are more emotionally intense than words. We recall emotionally charged events far more than ordinary ones. (视觉图像在情感上比文字更强烈。我们对充满情感的事件的回忆远远超过对普通事件的回忆。)”以及下文“For example, lawyers have known for a long time that the vividness of the testimony offered by a witness can influence the judgments made by a jury. (例如，律师们早就知道证人提供的生动证词会影响陪审团的判断。)”可知，上文说的是情感上的偏好可能会对我们产生影响。下文说明证词的生动性如何影响陪审团的判断。本空应进一步说明生动性对我们判断的影响。E选项“However, this emotional preference harms our ability to see the big picture. (然而，这种情感偏好损害了我们看大局的能力)”提出了一个转折观点，指出了虽然生动性效应使我们更容易记住某些事件，但也可能导致我们忽视整体情况。这与本段主题相关，并为下文的例子做了铺垫，即律师们早就知道证人的生动证词可能会影响陪审团的判断。能承上启下，符合题意，故选E。 第三部分：词汇、语法知识（共两节，23分） 第一节 单词填空（共16小题；每小题0.5分，共8分） 请根据括号中所给的提示或首字母提示，使用所学单词的正确形式完成句子，并将完整的单词答案写到答题纸相应位置上，每空仅填写一个单词。 40. I only have time for a s____________ (小吃) at lunchtime. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】snack##nack 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：我只有时间在午餐时吃点小吃。此处为名词作宾语，根据提示的汉语和首字母可知，表示“小吃”应为snack，空前有不定冠词a，所以此处使用名词单数形式。故填snack。 41. Reaching this agreement so quickly was a great a____________ (成就). (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】achievement##chievement 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：这么快达成协议是一项伟大的成就。根据首字母a和中文提示“成就”可知，此处应用名词achievement，作表语，由空前的不定冠词a可知，此处应用其单数形式。故填achievement。 42. He found herself totally ____________ (absorb) in learning English. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】absorbed 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他发现自己全神贯注地学习英语，空处应填形容词作宾补，absorbed“全神贯注的”，形容词，故填absorbed。 43. It seemed i___________ (难以置信的，不可思议的) that people would still want to play football during a war. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】incredible##ncredible 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：人们在战争期间还想踢足球，这似乎令人难以置信。根据中英文提示可知，incredible“难以置信的，不可思议的”，形容词，作表语，故填incredible。 44. What do you know about Confucius and his p____________ (哲学思想). (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】philosophy##hilosophy 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：你对孔子和他的哲学思想了解多少？此处为名词作宾语，根据提示的汉语和首字母可知，表示“哲学思想”应为philosophy。故填philosophy。 45. People are working longer in life than the p____________ (先前的) generation. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】previous##revious 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：人们比上一代人工作的时间更长。根据单词首字母以及中文提示“先前的”可知，空格处涉及单词“previous”，意为“先前的”，形容词词性，作定语。故填previous。 46. It was hard to a______(靠近) the painting as there were so many people around.(根据中英文提示填空) 【答案】approach##pproach 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：周围有那么多人，很难接近这幅画。分析句子结构可知，此处位于不定式符号to之后，所以应为动词原形，根据提示的汉语和首字母可知，表示“靠近”应为approach，且表示主动意义。故填approach。 47. The young people attracted by the legend of Loch Ness watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars ____________ (position) on the hill. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】positioned 【解析】 【详解】考查with的复合结构。句意：被尼斯湖传说所吸引的年轻人用他们放在山上的相机和望远镜俯瞰着湖面。分析句子可知，句中“with their cameras and binoculars _____ on the hill”为with的复合结构，“cameras and binoculars”和“position”为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用“position”的过去分词“positioned”作宾语补足语。故填positioned。 48. The best reason for a trip to Hong Kong is the super o____________ (机会) for shopping. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】opportunity##pportunity 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：香港之旅的最佳理由是有绝佳的购物机会。根据单词首字母以及中文提示“机会”可知，空格处涉及单词“opportunity”，意为“机会”，为可数名词，句中特指购物机会，故应用其单数形式，作表语。故填opportunity。 49. She believes that it is highly important to bridge the digital divide and make sure that everyone has a____________ (使用，接触) to the Internet. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】access##ccess 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：她认为，弥合数字鸿沟并确保每个人都能访问互联网是非常重要的。空处应填名词作宾语，结合中英文提示可知，access“使用，接触”，不可数名词，have access to“可以使用，有机会接近”，故填access。 50. The most s____________ (显著，引人注目的) feature of those stories is the high proportion of youths. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】significant##ignificant 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这些故事最显著的特点是年轻人的比例很高。根据中英文提示可知，significant“显著的，引人注目的”，形容词，在句中作定语修饰名词feature，故填significant。 51. The city government has taken measures to prevent a r____________ (重复，重演) of last year’s unrest. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】repetition##epetition 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：市政府已采取措施防止去年的骚乱重演。根据单词首字母以及中文提示“重复，重演”可知，空格处应用单词“repetition”，意为“重复，重演”，为可数名词，不定冠词“a”后接单数形式，作宾语。故填repetition。 52. We found the website had its information u____________ (更新) regularly. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】updated##pdated 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：我们发现该网站定期更新信息。根据中英文提示可知，update“更新”，动词，和information之间是被动关系，使用过去分词作宾补，故填updated。 53. It is one of the most o____________ (独创的，原作的) works of imagination in the language. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】original##riginal 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：它是英语中最具想象力的原创作品之一。根据中英文提示可知，original“独创的，原作的”，形容词，在句中作定语修饰名词works，故填original。 54. The baobabs can be d____________ (区别，区分) from the rosebushes which they resemble so closely in their earliest youth. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】distinguished##istinguished 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：猴面包树可以与玫瑰丛区分开来，因为它们在幼年时期非常相似。根据中英文提示可知，distinguish“区别，区分”，动词，此处使用过去分词构成被动语态，故填distinguished。 55. What the king f____________ (从根本上) insisted upon was that his authority should be respected. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】fundamentally##undamentally 【解析】 【详解】考查副词。句意：国王从根本上坚持的是他的权威应该得到尊重。根据中英文提示可知， fundamentally“从根本上”，副词，修饰动词insisted，故填fundamentally。 第二节 语法填空 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Simplicity marks the origin of Banff — Canada’s first national park. In 1883, on the slopes of the Canadian Rocky Mountains, three railway workers _____56_____ (discover) a natural hot spring, and ____57____there the park was born. Nowadays, Banff is one of the world’s premiere destinations, _____58_____ (stretch) across a region of unparalleled majestic mountain scenery. Banff is part of UNESCO’s Canadian Rocky MountainWorld Heritage attraction. 【答案】56. discovered 57. from 58. stretching 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了加拿大的首个国家公园——班夫国家公园。 【56题详解】 考查一般过去时。句意：1883年，在加拿大落基山脉的山坡上，三个铁路工人发现了一个天然的温泉，这个公园从那里诞生了。根据时间状语“In 1883”可知此处是描述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，故填discovered。 【57题详解】 考查介词。句意：同上。结合句意可知此处指“从那里”，使用介词from，故填from。 【58题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，班夫是世界上首屈一指的旅游目的地之一，横跨一个无与伦比的雄伟山景地区。stretch和逻辑主语Banff之间是主动关系，使用现在分词作状语，故填stretching。 B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes is a world heritage site _____59_____ (locate) in Gansu Province, Northwest China. In 2016, the first phase of Digital Dunhuang resource database ______60______ (go) online. Now people from all over the world can enjoy high-definition images and panoramic tours of 30 caves on the Digital Dunhuang website, ______61______ all kinds of data, including videos, 3D data, pictures and others, are integrated into digital images that can be shared globally over the Internet. Although the Digital Dunhuang project has a long way to go, it has significant meaning to cultural heritage protection. 【答案】59. located 60. went 61. where 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是敦煌莫高窟数字化项目及其对全球文化遗产共享和保护的重要意义。 【59题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：敦煌莫高窟是位于中国西北部甘肃省的世界文化遗产。此处修饰world heritage site，locate与world heritage site之间为被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填located。 【60题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：2016年，数字敦煌资源数据库第一阶段上线。根据时间状语In 2016可知，应用一般过去时，且go与主语the first phase of Digital Dunhuang resource database之间为主动关系。故填went。 【61题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：现在，在数字敦煌网站上，世界各地的人们可以欣赏到30个洞窟的高清图像和全景游览，所有类型的数据，包括视频、三维数据、图片等都被整合成可以在互联网上全球共享的数字图像。此处引导非限定性定语从句，先行词是the Digital Dunhuang website，指的是地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where。故填where。 C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 They may not have had computers, databases, social networking sites, or spreadsheets, but the ancient Egyptians ____62____ (know) to have kept careful manuscripts, not only of important people and events but also of the minute details of everyday life. In 1896-1897, hundreds of thousands of fragments of papyrus with writing on them were found on the edge of a ___63___ (ruin) Egyptian city, in a place which is believed to have been the city’s landfill. The fragments, ___64___ filled 700 boxes, were taken back to Oxford, England. ____65____ (write) in ancient Greek, the manuscripts now belong to the Egypt Exploration Society - an organization that was established over 125 years ago to carry out archaeological fieldwork and research in Egypt. 【答案】62. are known 63. ruined 64. which 65 Written 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是古埃及人保存的手稿及其在19世纪末被发现并研究的过程与意义。 【62题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：虽然没有电脑、数据库、社交网站或电子表格，但据知古埃及人曾仔细地保存手稿。此处为谓语动词，根据句意，此处描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时，know与主语the ancient Egyptians 之间为被动关系，且主语为名词复数。故填are known。 【63题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在1896-1897年间，在一座废弃的埃及城市边缘，也就是现在被认为是该城市垃圾场的地方，发现了成千上万张写有文字的莎草纸碎片。此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰名词city，ruin与逻辑主语city之间为被动关系，所以表示已发生的动作，所以此处使用过去分词形式。故填ruined。 【64题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：这些装满了700个盒子的碎片被带回了英国牛津。此处为关系词引导非限定性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以此处使用关系代词，先行词The fragments指物，所以此处使用关系代词which。故填which。 【65题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这些以古希腊文写成的手稿现在属于埃及探索协会——一个成立于125年前专门从事埃及考古田野工作和研究的组织。此处为非谓语动词作状语，write与逻辑主语the manuscripts之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Written。 第四部分：书面表达（共两节，29分） 第一节 阅读表达（共3小题，第1、2题各2分，第3小题5分，共9分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Why we’re obsessed with music from our youth People tend to be extremely nostalgic (怀旧的) about the music they listened to when they were young. But why is that? Do we genuinely think music from the past is better, or has it got something to do with the memories we have of that time? Music is closely linked with memory and emotion. There’s a reason for the popularity of the long-running BBC radio programme, Desert Island Discs, in which celebrity guests share the soundtrack of their lives. It has been shown that when people are asked to choose their favorite record, it is likely to come from the reminiscence (怀旧性记忆) bump period, and that older adults know more about music from their youth than current pop songs. But does that mean that music from this period is more likely to be connected to autobiographical memories? In our study, my colleagues and I investigated the presence of the “musical reminiscence bump” in a group of 470 adults who were between 18 and 82 years old. Our aim was to investigate how a person’s age when a song was popular affected three related but distinct concepts: the degree to which the song was associated with autobiographical memories, how familiar the song was and how much they liked the song. Participants in our study were shown the titles and artists of 111 pop songs that had featured in the charts across a 65-year period (1950-2015) and provided ratings of the three concepts of interest. We discovered that, across our participant sample as a whole, music that was in the charts during one’s adolescence was not only rated as more familiar, but was also associated with more autobiographical memories. This music-related reminiscence bump peaked around age 14: songs popular when participants were this age stirred up the most memories overall. In addition, older adults (around age 40+) also liked songs from their adolescence more than other songs. However, younger adults (aged 18-40) did not show this same trend, and in some cases gave even lower liking ratings to music from their adolescence than music released before they were born. This suggests that songs from our adolescence can become closely entangled with memories from our past even if we don’t personally value the music. This may be because it has accompanied various memorable settings from this period (school dances, gatherings with friends, graduations, and so on). 66. What is music associated with? ______________________________________________________________________________ 67. Why did the older adults (around age 40+) like songs from their adolescence more than other songs? ______________________________________________________________________________ 68. What song reminds you of a time in your life and what memory does it stir up? (In about 40 words) ______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】66. Music is associated with memory and emotion. 67. Because songs from their adolescence have accompanied various memorable settings from this period (school dances, gatherings with friends, graduations, and so on). 68. Invisible Wings reminds me of my high school life. At that time, I was studying hard for my dream university. Whenever I felt tired and wanted to give up, I listened to this song, which gave me renewed strength. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为什么我们更喜欢我们年轻时听的歌曲。 【66题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段关键句“Music is closely linked with memory and emotion. (音乐与记忆和情感紧密相连。)”可知，音乐与记忆和情感紧密相连，由此可知，音乐与记忆和情感有关。故答案为Music is associated with memory and emotion. 【67题详解】 考查细节理解。根据最后一段关键句“This may be because it has accompanied various memorable settings from this period (school dances, gatherings with friends, graduations, and so on). (这可能是因为它伴随着这一时期的各种难忘的场景（学校舞会、与朋友聚会、毕业典礼等）。)”可知，因为青春期的歌曲伴随着这一时期的各种难忘的场景（学校舞会、与朋友聚会、毕业典礼等），所以老年人（大约40岁以上）比其他歌曲更喜欢青春期的歌曲，由此可知，老年人（大约40岁以上）比其他歌曲更喜欢青春期的歌曲，因为青春期的歌曲伴随着这一时期的各种难忘的场景（学校舞会、与朋友聚会、毕业典礼等）。故答案为Because songs from their adolescence have accompanied various memorable settings from this period (school dances, gatherings with friends, graduations, and so on). 【68题详解】 考查开放性试题。问题询问“哪首歌让你想起了生活中的某个时刻，它唤起了什么样的回忆？”，结合自己的实际生活答题即可，答案不唯一，例如“Invisible Wings reminds me of my high school life. At that time, I was studying hard for my dream university. Whenever I felt tired and wanted to give up, I listened to this song, which gave me renewed strength. (《隐形的翅膀》让我想起了我的高中生活。那时，我正在为梦想中的大学努力学习。每当我感到疲倦并想放弃时，我都会听这首歌，它给了我新的力量。)”。故答案为Invisible Wings reminds me of my high school life. At that time, I was studying hard for my dream university. Whenever I felt tired and wanted to give up, I listened to this song, which gave me renewed strength.（答案不唯一） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$