Unit 8 Green Living（二）-2026-2027学年高中英语教材全解必修三（北师大版）

Unit 8 Green Living 教材全解（二） poster founder profit pm organiser union 。单元核心词汇 contented occur agriculture proposal region slim survival rate quote 。单元同步语法 构词法：名词与形容词的词性转换 ⊙单元文章对话 重点句型讲练 教材同步词汇全解全练 重点1 单元词汇 1.occur/ek3:/vi.发生；出现 词形变化：occurrence(m.)事件；发生的事；occurring(现在分词) 搭配：occur to sb.某人想到…；It occurs to sb.that.某人突然想起… 辨析：happen强调偶然性；take place常指计划中的发生；occur较正式，可用于 具体或抽象事件。 例句：When did the accident occur? It never occurred to me that he would lie. 2.overcome/,euve'kAm/vt.克服（困难）；控制（感情） 词形变化：overcame(过去式)；overcome(过去分词)；overcoming (现在分词) 搭配：overcome difficulties/obstacles克服困难；overcome fear克服恐惧；be overcome with被…压倒（情感） 辨析：conquer侧重彻底征服；overcome强调通过努力战胜障碍。 例句：She overcame many difficulties to succeed. He was overcome with sadness after hearing the news. 3.determination/d,t3:mr'nen/n.决心；毅力 词形变化：determine(v.）决定；determined(adj.)坚决的；determinedly(adv.) 搭配：with determination坚定地；determination to do sth..做某事的决心；fim determination坚定的决心 例句：er determination helped her achieve the goal, They showed great determination in the face of danger. 4.contented /ken'tentrd/adj.满意的；满足的 词形变化：content(n.&v.&adj.)内容；使满足；满意的；contentment(n.）满足； contentedly (adv.) 搭配：be contented with对…满足；a contented smile满足的微笑 辨析：satisfied常指需求得到满足；contented强调内心平和、无更多奢求。 例句：She felt contented with her simple life. The old man sat there,looking contented. 5 profit/prDfit//n.盈利，利润vt.&vi.获益；有利于 词形变化：profitable(adj.）有利可图的；profitably(adv.);profitless(adj.)无利的 搭配：make a profit获利；profit from从…中获益；net profit净利润 辨析：benefit更广泛，可指非金钱好处；profit侧重金钱或实际利益。 例句：The company made a huge profit last year. You can profit from your mistakes. 6.slim /slrm/adj..微小的；苗条的；薄的vt.使变苗条(+dowm) 词形变化：slimmer(比较级)；slimmest(最高级)；slimming(n.)减肥 搭配：slim chance机会渺茫；slim figure苗条身材；slim down缩减；减肥 辨析：thin中性，可指瘦或薄；slim褒义，表示苗条匀称；slender优雅苗条。 例句：There is only a slim chance of success. She tries to keep slim by exercising. 7.survival/sa'varvl/n.继续生存，幸存 词形变化：survive(v.)幸存；survivor(n.)幸存者；surviving(adj.)幸存的 搭配：survival skills生存技能；fight for survival为生存而战；survival rate存活率 辨析：living指生活状态；survival强调在艰难环境中活下来。 例句：The survival of the fittest is a natural law. He taught us basic survival skills in the wild 8.quote /kwaut/n.引文，引用的话vt.引用；报价 词形变化：quotation(n.）引用；引语；quotable(adj.）值得引用的 搭配：quote from从…引用；direct quote直接引文；quote sb.as saying引用某 人的话 辨析：cite更正式，常用于学术引用；quote指直接重复原话。 例句：She began her speech with a quote from Shakespeare. The journalist quoted the president's words 9.former/fo:ma/adj.以前的，从前的n.(the former)前者 词形变化：formerly(adv.)以前；the former...the latter...前者…后者… 搭配：former president前总统；in former times从前 辨析：previous强调顺序上的前一个；former强调职务或身份上的前任；pior更 正式，常与to连用。 例句：She is a former student of this school. Of the two options,I prefer the former. l0.current/kArant/adj.当前的，现时的n.水流；电流；潮流 词形变化：currently(adv.)目前；currency(n.)货币；流通；current account活 期账户 搭配：current situation当前形势；current affairs时事；against the current逆流而 上 辨析：present更常用；current强调目前正在进行的或流行的。 例句：The current situation calls for immediate action. He is currently working on a new project. 考点通关 单元词汇 (一)单句填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.It never (occur)to me that he would refuse the offer. 2.With great (determine),she finally overcame all the difficulties. 3.He felt (content)with his present life,though it was simple. 4.The company s (profit)increased by 20%last quarter. 5.There is a (slim)possibility that the plan will succeed. 6.The (survive)of many endangered species is at risk. 7.She (quote)a famous poem at the end of her speech 8.The (former)president gave a speech on education reform. 9.What is the (current)population of this city? 10.He managed to (overcome)his fear of public speaking. 11.The accident (occur)on a rainy night last week. 12.She looked (content)when she received the gift. 13.The (determine)look on his face showed he would never give up. 14.Many businesses (profit)from the new policy. 15.Her (survive)in the desert for three days was a miracle. （二)短文填空 Success doesn't happen by accident.It often 1 when one has strong 2. and the ability to 3. difficulties.A4. person may not strive for more,but a successful person is never fully satisfied.Instead,they keep looking for more 5. opportunities,even when the chance seems 6. For example, the 7. of a startup company often depends on its leaders'foresight.As a famous 8. goes,"The only limit to our realization of tomorrow will be our doubts of today."Understanding the 9. market trends is crucial.Many 10. failures have taught us valuable lessons. 参考答案 1.occurred;2.determination;3.contented;4.profit;5.slim;6.survival;7.quoted; (一)单句填空 8.former;9.current,10.overcome;11.occurred;12.contented;13.determined; 14.profited;15.survival (二)短文填空 1.occurs;2.determination;3.overcome;4.contented;5.profitable;6.slim; 7.survival;8.quote;9.current;10.former A 教材同步语法全解全练 重点1 构词法：名词与形容词的词性转换 项目 内容 在英语中，通过添加后缀(suffix)使名词与形容词相互转换，是扩大词 定义 汇量、准确表达词性的重要手段。掌握常见转换规则，能在阅读、写作和 语法填空中快速辨析词形变化。 -fl(充满…的)：beauty→beautiful,wonder→wonderful less(无…的)：care→careless,hope→hopeless -y(具有…特征)：luck一lucy,cloud→cloudy,health→healthy -ous（具有…性质)：danger→dangerous,fame→famous,courage→ courageous 名词→形容词 -al（与…相关的)：nature→natural,education→educational,t radition女 →traditional able（可…的/能…的)：comfort→comfortable,value→valuable, reason→reasonable -ive(有…倾向的)：act→active,attract→attractive,effect→effective -ish(略带…的/…民族的)：self一selfish,,child一childish,Britain→ British -ness(性质、状态)：hind→kindness,happy一→happiness,,dark→ darkness -ity(抽象性质)：active→activity,possible→possibility,equal→ equality -tion/-sion（行为或结果)：educate→education,decide→decision, 形容词→名词 admit→admission -ment(行为或状态)：achieve→achievement,develop→development, move→novement -ence/-ance(性质、状态)：important→importance,different→ difference,intelligent-intelligence √部分转换需要词尾变形：如beauty去y加fl→beautiful;happy?变y为i 加ness→happiness;possible去e加ility→possibility。 √同一名词可能派生多个形容词，含义不同：如care→careful（仔细 注意事项 的)/careless(粗心的)；luck一lucy(幸运的)/luckless(不幸 的)。 √ 少数词形不变即可转换：如gold（金子)→gold(金色的)，但此类 较少，多数需加后缀。 The beauty of nature is truly beautiful.(beauty n.-beautiful adj.) It is dangerous to drive in such danger without caution.(danger n.- dangerous adj.) 例句（高中难 度) His kindness to the poor is well-known;he is a kind man.(kind adj.- kindness n.) The importance of education cannot be overemphasized;it is an important issue.(important adj.-importance n.) 考点通关 构词法：名词与形容词的词性转换 语法专练一：单项选择(8题) 1.The little girl showed great to the homeless cat,so she was praised. A.kind B.kindly C.kindness D.kindest 2.The of the old building attracted many tourists from all over the world. A.beautiful B.beauty C.beautify D.beautifully 3.You must be when crossing the street,or you may get hurt A.careful B.care C.careless D.carelessness 4.The of the experiment was beyond their expectation. A.succeed B.successful C.success D.successfully 5.To keep you should eat more vegetables and exercise regularly. A.healthy B.health C.healthily D.unhealthy 6.It's to swim alone in the deep river;always take a partner. A.danger B.dangerous C.dangerously D.endangered 7.The of the new technology has changed our lives greatly. A.develop B.developed C.developing D.development 8.She is a girl,always thinking of others first. A.selfish B.self C.selfless D.selflessly 语法专练二：语法填空(10题) 阅读下面句子，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.The of learning English cannot be ignored in today's world. 2.Nowadays,many people prefer to live in a environment. 3.It is for parents to worry about their children's safety. 4.The doctor's made the patient feel much better. 5.The of the sunset left everyone speechless 6.He showed great when facing the difficulties 7.The of the new app won him an award 8.This task is so that few people can finish it on time. 9.The between the two teams was fierce. 10.We should treat every living creature with 参考答案 语法专练一：单项选择 1.C;2.B;3.A;4.C;5.A;6.B;7.D;8.C 1.importance;2.peaceful;3.natural;4.kindness;5.beauty; 语法专练二：语法填空 6.courage;7.creation;8.challenging;9.competition; 10.respect 教材同步文章句型精讲 重点句型 White Bikes on the Road 1.Cycling is a cheap and easy way to save energy,reduce pollution and enjoy exercise. 结构：V-ing形式+谓语动词（单数） 中文：骑自行车是一种廉价且简单的方式，可以节省能源、减少污染并享受锻炼。 用法：动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数；多个动名词并列作主语时谓语用复数。 2.People would leave the bike in the place where they finished their journey,so that someone else could then take it and use it. 结构：主句+so that+从句（常含情态动词） 中文：人们会把自行车放在他们旅程结束的地方，以便其他人可以随后取用和骑走。 用法：so that引导目的状语从句，意为“为了…”。易混辨析：so that+句子 (目的状语从句)，in order to+动词原形（不定式作目的状语）。 3.People are trying different ways of solving those problems. 结构：介词+连接词(how/what/whether/which)+主语+谓语（陈述语序） 中文：人们正在尝试不同的方式来解决这些问题。 用法：从句必须使用陈述语序；常见搭配介词：about,of,on,for,with等。 4.People are trying different ways of solving those problems. 结构：try to do sth.与try doing sth.辨析 中文：人们正在尝试不同的方式来解决这些问题。 用法：try to do强调努力去做；try doing强调尝试方法。 考点通关 文章句型 练习一：完成句子（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1. (cycle)in Amsterdam is convenient because the city is flat. 2.The "white bikes"were placed in many areas that people could use them freely. 3.They talked about (how)they could solve the parking problem. 4.Tourists enjoy (use)shared bikes to travel around the city. 5.The city tried (introduce)a computer tracking system to stop theft. 6. (provide)free public transport was one of the original ideas. 7.She is interested in (learn)about the history of bike- sharing 8.The bikes were painted bright colours so that everyone (can)find them easily. 9.The cyclists insisted on (keep)the city centre free of cars. 10.Many people are trying (find)new ways to improve bike-sharing. 练习二：翻译句子（在横线上写出完整句子） 1.在阿姆斯特丹骑自行车很受欢迎，因为城市地势平坦。 2.人们把自行车放在他们旅程结束的地方，以便其他人可以使用。 3.我们必须考虑如何解决自行车被盗的问题。 4. 尝试新方法是解决这些问题的最好方式。 5. 使用共享单车是一种省钱又环保的出行方式。 6.他们相信不让汽车进入市中心对每个人都有好处。 7.新的“白车”配备了追踪系统，以便记录每一次使用。 8.1999年，这些自行车又回到了阿姆斯特丹，这次有了计算机追踪系统。 9.在中国，越来越多的人喜欢使用共享单车，因为它既方便又健康。 10.关于共享单车的未来，你怎么看？ 参考答案 1.Cycling;2.so;3.how;4.using;5.introducing; 练习一：完成句子 6.Providing;7.learning;8.could;9.keeping;10.to find 练习二：翻译句子 1.Cycling in Amsterdam is very popular because the city is flat.;2.People left the bikes where they finished their journey so that others could use them.;3.We must think about how to solve the problem of bike theft.4.Trying new ways is the best way to solve these problems.;5.Using shared bikes is a cheap and environmentally friendly way to travel.;6.They believed that not allowing cars into the city centre would be good for everyone.;7.The new"white bikes"were equipped with a tracking system so that every use could be recorded.;8.In 1999 the bikes returned to Amsterdam,this time with a computer tracking system;9.In China,more and more people like using shared bikes because they are convenient and healthy.;10.What do you think about the future of bike-sharing? 教材同步单元练习 一、阅读理解 Passage A In the small Dutch town of Giethoorn,often referred to as the Venice of the North,"the residents have long understood a fundamental secret to green living:the best solutions are often the simplest.There are no roads in the centre of Giethoom.Instead,all transport is done by water over its many canals or on foot over its wooden bridges.This unique infrastructure,bomn out of historical necessity,has become a powerful model for sustainable tourism and low-impact living. Unlike Amsterdam,which struggled with the theft and vandalism of its originalwhite bike"scheme, Giethoom's transport system was never imposed.It evolved naturally.Families own electric boats,known as"whispers,"which glide silently through the water,producing zero local emissions.The only sounds are the lapping of water and the chirping of birds.This quiet revolution has attracted global attention,but the town is cautious. However,success has brought new challenges.The number of tourists has skyrocketed,leading to overcrowding on the canals.Some visitors,lacking respect for the local environment,litter and disturb the peace.In response,the local government has implemented a booking system for canal traffic and increased fines for littering.They have also launched educational campaigns,encouraging visitors to "leave only footprints"or in this case,only ripples." "Green living isn't just about technology,"says local council member Elma van der Meer."It's about a mindset.It's about contentedness with what you have and a determination to protect it for the future We're not trying to ban progress,but we are tying to overcome the problems that come with it in a way that aligns with our values."The town's current approach involves carefully managing its resources to ensure its survival as a unique ecological haven.It is a lesson in sustainable development that many modem cities could profit from.The former quiet of the village is now a precious commodity,and the community is determined to preserve it. ()1.What is the primary mode of transport in Giethoorn? A.Bicycles B.Electiic cars C.Boats D.Shared e-scooters ()2.The phrase"leave only ripples"(Paragraph 3)is a play on words,suggesting tourists should A.swim in the canals B.minimize their environmental impact C.only take boat tours D.leave their footprints in the mud ()3.What problem has Giethoorn faced due to its popularity? A.A shortage of bicycles B.The theft of'whisper"boats C.Overcrowding from tourists D.The failure of its booking system ()4.What is Elma van der Meer's attitude towards the town's development? A.She is against any form of progress. B.She is determined but cautious. C.She thinks the current situation is hopeless. D.She worries about the town's financial profit ()5.What is the best title for this passage? A.The Bicycle Revolution in Amsterdam B.Giethoorn:A Model for Sustainable Tourism C.How to Overcome Problems in a Modern City D.The History of Dutch Canals Passage B For years,the concept of a"circular economy"was confined to the pages ofacademic joumnals and environmental policy documents.Today,it is being put into practice by innovative companies, challenging the traditional take-make-dispose"model of consumption.At the heart of this shift is a reimagining of profit and value.Instead of corporations profiting from planned obsolescence(the practice of designing a product with an artificially limited useful life),a new generation of businesses is proving that durability and recyclability can be highly profitable. One such example is the story of"Faiphone,"a Dutch social enterprise that produces a modular smartphone.Unlike mainstream phones that are nearly impossible to repair,Fairphone is designed to be taken apart easily.A user can replace a broken screen with a simple tool,upgrade the camera module,or swap out a dying battery.This drastically extends the phone's survival rate and reduces electronic waste. The company has overcome significant challenges in the supply chain,ensuring that the minerals used in the phone are sourced from conflict-free zones.Their determination to create a"fairer"phone has won them a loyal following. Another example is the clothing company Patagonia,which encourages its customers to repair,reuse,and recycle their gear.They even sell used clothing on their website.This strategy might seem to cut into their profit from selling new items,but it has actually enhanced their brand reputation and customer loyalty. They have shown that a company can be contented with a slower growth model while still being financially successful. This new business model has several key features.First,it redefines ownership,customers are buying a service or a long-term product,not a disposable item.Second,it relies on innovative design,where products are built to last and be fully recyclable.Finally,it requires a shift in mindset from the current "more is better"culture to one of quality over quantity. As one business leader quoted in a recent interview,"The most efficient product is the one that doesn't need to be replaced.This is the new frontier of innovation."The transition to a circular economy will not be easy,but it offers a slim but realistic chance to create a truly sustainable future. ()6.What does the "take-make-dispose"model in Paragraph 1 refer to? A.A system of sharing products. B.A method of repairing broken items. C.A traditional way of consumption and waste. D.A process ofmining raw materials. ()7.What makes a Fairphone different from a mainstream smartphone? A.It is cheaper. B.It is designed to be repairable. C.It has a much longer battery life D.It uses rare,valuable minerals. ()8.How has Patagonia's strategy of selling used clothing affected its business? A.It has reduced their profits significantly B.It has confused their customers. C.It has improved their brand image D.It has caused supply chain problems. ()9.The word "disposable"in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to A.expensive B.throwaway C.long-lasting D.reusable ()10.What is the author's overall attitude towards the circular economy? A.Strongly supportive but realistic about its challenges. B.Completely skeptical and critical. C.Neutral and purely descriptive. D.Enthusiastic but slightly exaggerated. 二、完形填空 Imagine a world where nothing goes to waste.This is the promise of a"circular economy,"a system that aims to (1) the traditional 'take-make-dispose"model.Instead of throwing things away,we would repair,reuse,and recycle materials endlessly.This isn't just a fantasy;it is a growing movement. Many companies are now finding that this approach is not only good for the planet but also(2) For example,the Dutch company Fairphone makes smartphones designed to be (3) If a screen breaks,you can simply replace it,rather than buying a whole new phone.This(4) the phone's life and creates less e-waste.The company has shown great(5) in overcoming challenges to ensure their products are made ethically. Another company,Patagonia,encourages customers to buy used clothing.They (6) a famous figure who once said,"The most beautiful thing you can wear is confidence,"but their(7) message is about durability.This might seem like a bad business(8) but it has actually made customers more loyal.They are (9) with knowing their clothes are built to last. This shift in thinking changes our idea of(10) It is no longer just about making money,but about creating lasting value.The (11) trend of'fast fashion"(cheap,quickly-made clothes)is a perfect example of the problem.A circular economy offers a(12) but powerful altemative for a healthier planet. 1.A.replace B.overcome C.quote D.profit 2.A.slim B.current C.profitable D.contented 3.A.expensive B.repairable C.disposable D.beautiful 4.A.limits B.ends C.reduces D.extends 5.A.profit B.determination C.quote D.survival 6.A.quote B.overcome C.produce D.replace 7.A.former B.current C.slim D.contented 8.A.chance B.strategy C.quote D.survival 9.A.contented B.worried C.surprised D.overcome 10.A.survival B.profit C.determination D.contentedness 11.A.former B.current C.slim D.contented 12.A.slim B.large C.clear D.strong 三、阅读短文回答问题 Read the passage and answer the questions based on it. "White Bike"schemes,where bicycles are shared publicly for free,have become a symbol of green urban transport.However,the occurrence of theft and vandalism has often been a major barrier to their success. In Amsterdam's original 1965 plan,the bikes were left unlocked and were soon stolen or thrown into canals.The dream of a car-free city centre seemed to overcome by reality.It took decades of leaming and technological innovation to bring the idea back to life Today's bike-sharing systems,like those in China,operate on a different model.They use smart locks, GPS trackers,and user accounts.While this has drastically reduced theft,it has created new problems: piles ofunused bikes,known as 'bike graveyards,"can clutter public spaces.This is a new challenge for current city planners.Some argue that the former model of free,unstructured sharing was more beautiful in its simplicity,even if it failed. The key to solving this might lie in a combination of the two ideas.For example,some cities now have donation-based systems where abandoned bikes are repaired and given a second life.Volunteers show great determination to make these projects work.They do not seek personal profit instead,they find a sense of contentedness in contributing to a cleaner community.These community-run schemes often have a very low theft rate because everyone feels a sense of ownership.The survival of these programs depends not just on technology,but on community spirit.As one volunteer quoted,"It's not just about the bike;it's about showing we care for our city and each other." 1.What was the main problem with Amsterdam's original"white bike"plan? 2.What is a bike graveyard"according to the passage? 3.What is one advantage of the modern,technology-based bike-sharing system mentioned? 4.Why do community-run bike repair projects often have a low theft rate? 5.What does the volunteer's quote at the end of the passage imply about the true success of such programs? 四、短文填空 Success rarely happens by(1) .It often(②) when an individual has a strong (3) to overcome difficulties.A person who is easily (4) with their current situation may never strive for great things.However,a truly successful person is driven by a desire to make a(5) impact on the world,not just financial gain. Consider the story of bike-sharing.The (6) of the original"white bike"idea in Amsterdam was at nisk due to theft.The(7)dream of free transport seemed impossible.But with great(8) people didn't give up.They leamned from the past and adapted.Today,the (9) systems are much more complex,but the core idea is the same.As one advocate(10) ,"The greenest journey is the one you didn't have to drive." 2 3. 4. 5. 6 7. 9. 10. 五、写作 假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Tom看到你分享的关于中国共享单车(shared bikes)的图片，感 到非常好奇。他发邮件询问共享单车在中国的情况，特别是它如何体现“绿色生活”理念，以 及它面临的一些挑战。 请你给他回一封邮件，内容包括： 1.共享单车在中国广泛普及的原因（至少两点，如：方便、环保）。 2.它如何体现“Green Living”(例如：减少碳排放，鼓励健康生活)。 3.它当前面临的一个主要挑战（如：乱停乱放、自行车损坏）及可能的解决方案。 4.表达你对未来绿色出行的期待。 注意： 1.词数100-120左右： 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯： 3.邮件的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。 Dear Tom, It's great to hear from you!I'm glad you're interested in the shared bikes in China. I believe this is just the beginning of a greener future for travel. Best wishes, Li Hua PassageA:1.C2.B3.C 4.B 5.B 一、阅读理解 Passage B:6.C7.B8.C9.B 10.A 二、完形填空1.C,2.A,3.B4.D,5.B,6.A;7.B,8.B9.A,10.B,11.B12.A 1.The main problem was the theft and vandalism of the bikes. 2.It is a pile of unused bikes that clutter public spaces. 3.It has drastically reduced theft.(Or:It uses smart locks,GPS trackers,and user 三、阅读短文 accounts.) 回答问题 4.Because everyone feels a sense of ownership. 5.It implies that the true success depends not just on technology,but on community spinit and caring for the city and each other. 1.accident 2.occurs 3.determination 4.contented 5.profitable 6.survival 7.former 8. 四、短文填空 determination 9.current 10.quoted 五、写作 范文： Dear Tom, It's great to hear from you!I'm glad you're interested in the shared bikes in China. Shared bikes have become incredibly popular here because they are super convenient and help to reduce pollution.You can find and unlock one easily with your phone.This perfectly embodies"Green Living" by cutting down carbon emissions from cars and encouraging people to cycle,which is healthy. However,a major challenge is that some people park the bikes carelessly,blocking sidewalks.To solve this,the government is now using more GPS technology to create electronic parking zones,and riders who park wrongly may be fined. I believe this is just the beginning of a greener future for travel. Best wishes, Li Hua