UNIT 1 ART 教材助读-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册（人教版2024）

UNIT ART 教材助读1 难词注解 教材原文 课文翻译 ①precise/prrsais/ A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING 西方绘画简史 adj.准确的；精确的 What is Western art?It is hard to give a 什么是西方艺术？ precisely/prI saisli/ precise definition.As there have been so many 很雅给一个精确的定 义。由于西方艺术有如 adu.准确地；精确地； different styles of Western art,it is impossible to 此多不同的风格，不可 的确如此 describe them all in a short text.[1]Perhaps the 能在一篇简短的文章里 2 definition/defrniJn/ best way to understand Western art is to look at 把它们全部描述出来。 n定义 the development of Western painting over the 也许理解西方艺术的最 3Christianity/,kristi centuries.【2】 好方法是看看几个世纪 en3ti/n.基督教 【1】as引导原因状语从句：主句为“it十be十ad.十to 以来西方绘画的发展。 do sth”句式。 中世纪(5世纪 4realistic/ri:olistik/ 至15世纪) adj.现实的；逼真的 【2】句中to understand为动词不定式作定语，to look at为动词不定式作表语。 在中世纪，西方艺 realism/ri:olzam/n.通 术的目的是教导人们基 The Middle Ages (from the 5th to the 15th century) 真：现实主义 督教。因此，艺术家们 realist/ri:elist/n.现 During the Middle Ages,the purpose of Western 对描绘现实场景不感兴 art was to teach people about Christianity.[3] 实主义画家（或作家 趣。他们的作品通常较 Thus,artists were not interested in painting realistic 等)：现实主义者 为粗糙且二维化，主体 scenes.Their works were often primitive and 人物往往比其他人大得 ⑤primitive/primatrv/ two-dimensional,and the main characters were 多，以显示他们的重要 adj.发展水平低的； often made much larger than everyone else to 性。这种情况在13世纪 原始的；远古的n.文 show their importance.This began to change in 随着乔托·迪·邦多纳 艺复兴前的艺术家 the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone (1267- (1267一1337)开始改变。 (或作品) 1337).While his paintings still had religious 虽然他的画仍然有宗教 6 two-dimensional/,tu: 主题，但它们表现的是 themes,they showed real people in a real datmenfanl/ad.二维的 真实环境中的真实人 environment.In particular,his paintings are set dimension/dar'menfn/ 物。尤其是他的画作， apart from other paintings by their realistic human 因其逼真的人物面貌和 n维；规模；范围 faces and deep emotional impact. 深刻的情感冲击而与其 ⑦in particular尤其； 【3】句中to teach people about Christianity为动 他绘画作品截然不同。 特别 词不定式作表语。 文艺复兴时期 ⑧set apart from使 The Renaissance (from the 14th to the 17th century) (从14世纪到17世纪) 与众不同；使突出：使 New ideas and values gradually replaced old 从中世纪开始，新 优于… ones from the Middle Ages.As a result,painters 的观念和价值观逐渐取 ⑨impact/'impaekt/ concentrated less on religious themes.They 代了旧的观念和价值 n.影响；效果 began to adopt a more humanistic attitude to 观。因此，画家们很少 ⑩concentrate on集 life.An important breakthrough during this 关注宗教主题。他们开 中精力于；全神贯注于 始对生活采取更人性化 period was the use of perspectivet by Masaccio ①adopt/a'dppt/t.采 的态度。这一时期的一 取；接受；收养 (1401-1428).Influential35 painters such as Leonardo 个重要突破是马萨乔 ②humanistic/,hjurma da Vinci (1452-1519),Michelangelo (1475- (1401一1428)对透视法 nstk/adj.人文主义的 1564),and Raphael (1483-1520)built upon 的运用。一些有影响力 humanity/hju:'maenati Giotto and Masaccio's innovations to produce 的画家，如莱昂纳多· n.人性；人道：（统称） 达·芬奇(1452-1519)、 人类 some of the greatest art that Europe had ever 米开朗基罗(1475 ⑧breakthrough seen.【4】 1564)、拉斐尔(1483 /bretk0ru:/n.突破； 【4】句中that引导定语从句。 1520)等，都是在乔托和 重大进展 Another innovation was the use of oil 马萨乔的创新基础上继 ④perspective/p四'spektrv/ paints.With their deep colours and realism,some 续发展，创作出欧洲有史 n.透视图；观点；远景 of the best oil paintings look like photographs. 以来最伟大的艺术作品。 ⑤influential/,influ While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil, 另一个创新是油彩 cnl/adj.有很大影 的使用。一些最好的油 响力的；有支配力的 this technique reached its height with Rembrandt 画以其深邃的色彩和现 16innovation/.ina'verjn/ (1606-1669),who gained a reputation as a master 实主义风格，看起来就 n.创新；革新；新方法 of shadow and light.【5】 像照片一样。尽管早在 17 reputation/repjuterfn/ 【5】while引导时间状语从句，who引导定语从句。 n名誉；名声 达·芬奇时代一些画家 ®shift from.to In subject matter,the emphasis increasingly 就使用油彩绘画，但伦 从…转变到… shifted from religious themes to people and the 勃朗(1606一1669)使得 9 noble/nabl/n.贵 这种技艺达到顶峰，他 world around us.Kings,nobles,and people of 族成员；出身高贵的 拥有“光影大师”的雅称。 high rank wanted to purchase accurate 人adj.崇高的；宏伟 在题材上，重点逐 pictures of themselves and the people they loved. 的；高贵的 渐从宗教主题转移到人 @rank/raek/n.地位； Others wanted paintings showing important 和我们周围的世界。国 级别；行列 historical events or stories from mythology 王、贵族和有地位的人 l.&vi.把…分等 Finally,most clients wanted paintings that 想要购买他们自己和他 级；使排成行 们所爱的人的精确画 were beautiful and interesting to look at.【6】 ④purchase/p3tjas/ 像。其他人想要显示重 【6】that引导定语从句。 vt.购买；采购n.购 要历史事件或神话故事 买；购买的东西 Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century) 的画像。最后，大多数 The development of Western art slowed 客户想要看起来既漂亮 until the invention of photography in the mid- 又有趣的画。 ②mythology/mi0ola/ 19th century.After that,paintings were no 印象派(19世纪末 m.神话；虚幻的想法 longer needed to preserve what people and the 至20世纪初) ⑧client/,klaront/n.委托 在19世纪中叶照相 人；当事人；客户 world looked like.Hence,painters had to find a 术的发明之前，西方艺 2photography/fotgrafi/ new way of looking at their art.From this, 术的发展缓慢。在那之 n.摄影：照相术 后，人们不再需要绘画 Impressionism emerged?in France.The name of 来保存人和世界的面 preserve/prI'z3:v/ this new movement came from the painting by 貌。因此，画家们不得 t.保存；保护；维持 Claude Monet (1840-1926)called Impression, 不寻找一种新的方式来 hence/hens/ 看待他们的艺术。由 adu.因此；今后 Sunrise.In this work,Monet's aim was to 此，法国出现了印象主 ⑦emerge/im3xd3/ convey the light and movement in the scene- 义。这个新运动的名字 i.&t.出现；浮现； 来自克劳德·莫奈 暴露 the subjective impression the scene gave him (1840一1926)的画作《印 ③sunrise/sAnraIz/ but not a detailed record of the scene itself.[7] 象·日出》。在这部作 n日出；黎明 【7】句中动词不定式作表语；the scene gave him 品中，莫奈的目的是传 ④convey/kan'veI/ 达场景中的光和运 为定语从句，前面省略that。 t.传达 动一 场景给他的主观 subjective/sobdektrv/ While many Impressionists painted scenes of 印象—而不是对场景 adj,主观的 本身的详细记录。 nature or daily life,others,such as Renoir (1841- 当许多印象派画家 ①seek to追求；争取； 1919),focused on people.Unlike the cold,black- 描绘自然或日常生活场 力图 ②outer/'auta(r) and-white photographs of that time period, 景时，其他人，如雷诺阿 (1841一1919)，则把重点 ad.外面的；外部的 Renoir's paintings are full of light, shadow, 放在人身上。与那个时 subsequent/sAbsikwon/ colour,and life.He sought to show not just the 代冰冷的黑白照片不 ad.随后的；后来的； outer image of his subjects,but their inner 同，雷诺阿的绘画充满 之后的 了光、影、色彩和生命。 ④analyse/eenolaiz/ warmth and humanity as well.【8】 他不仅力图表现他笔下 vt.分析；分解 【8】本句为not.but…句型。 人物的外在形象，而且 力图表现他们内心的温 Modern Art(from the 20th century to today) 暖和人性。 After Impressionism,subsequent artists 现代艺术(20世纪至今) began to ask,“What do we do next?”Painters 在印象派之后，后 来的艺术家开始问“下 such as Picasso (1881-1973)tried to analyse 一步我们要做什么？”像 the shapes which existed in the natural world but 毕加索(1881一1973)这 样的画家试图用立体主 in a new way,with Cubism.【9】Others gave 义的新方法来分析自然 their paintings a realistic but dream-like quality. 界中存在的形状。另一 Still others turned to abstract art.What they 些人则赋予了他们的画 作一种现实但梦幻般的 attempted to do was no longer show reality,but 质感。还有一些人转向 instead to ask the question,“What is art?”【l0】 了抽象艺术。他们试图 做的不再是展示现实， 【9】which引导定语从句。 而是提出一个问题：“什 【lO】What they attempted to do为主语从句. 么是艺术？” 教材助读2 难词注解 教材原文 课文翻译 Dexhibition/eksrbifn/ ANCIENT CHINESE ART ON SHOW 中国古代艺术展览 n.展览；（技能、感情 The Richfield Museum of Fine Art is proud 里奇菲尔德美术博 或行为的)表演 to present our new exhibition,"From Shang to 物馆很自豪地推出我们 ②bronze/bronz/n.青 Qing:Chinese Art Through the Ages.Join us 的新展览—“从商到 铜；青铜色；青铜制品 as we explore more than 3,000 years of wonderful 清：中国艺术千古流 adj.青铜色的；青铜 art from the Middle Kingdom.From bronze 传”。加入我们，一起探 制的 bowls to ceramic vases①，and jade sculptures 索中国3000多年历史 ③ceramic/,s3 raemik/ to ink wash paintings,our goal is to display the 的绝妙艺术吧。从青铜 n.陶瓷；陶瓷制品 Chinese artistic genius from ancient times.[1] 碗到陶瓷花瓶，从玉雕到 ④vase/vaz/n.花瓶； 【1】句中动词不定式作表语。 水墨画，我们旨在展示中 装饰瓶 The highlight?of this exhibition is the 国古代的艺术天赋。 5sculpture/'skalptfo(r)/ painting Clearing After Snow on a Mountain 此次展览的重头戏 n.雕像；雕刻品 Pass,one of the great works of Tang Yin (1470- 是唐寅(1470一1524)的 ⑥artistic/a:tistik/ 1524).Born during the Ming Dynasty,Tang 巨作之一一《函关雪 adj.艺术的；艺术家 sought and failed to gain entry into the civil 霁图》。唐寅生于明朝， 的；有美感的 service,so he turned to painting instead.In time, 曾谋求入仕为官，但未 ⑦highlight/harlant/ he gained recognition as one of the greatest 能如愿，因此他转而从 n.最精彩的部分；最 artists China has ever known.This painting, 事绘画。最终，他被公 重要的事情 showing high mountains,trees,and houses 认为中国有史以来最伟 ⑧entry/entri/n.加 covered in snow,was made with extraordinary 大的画家之一。他运用 入；进人；参与 skill.【2】Though it is over500 years old,it 非凡的技巧，在这幅画 ⑨civil,/srvl/adj.国 looks as fresh and full of life as the day it was 中展现了被雪覆盖的高 民的；民用的：民事的 created.【3】 山、树木和房屋。虽然 10 recognition/.rekag 【2】句中showing high mountains,trees, and 该画有500多年的历史， njn/n.承认；认出； houses covered in snow为现在分词作非限制性 赞誉 其色泽和生命力却丝毫 定语，其中covered in snow为过去分词作定语。 ①Buddhist/,budist 【3】句中though引导让步状语从句，主句中含有 未减。 n.佛教徒adj.佛教的 as…as同级比较句型。 同样十分重要的看 Buddhism/'budizam/ Also of primary note is a collection of nearly 点是一组近百件商代 n.佛教 100 bronze objects from the Shang Dynasty(1600 (公元前1600一公元前 4 12 expansion/ik'speenfn/ BCE-1046 BCE).While the artists who made 1046)青铜器藏品。虽 n.扩张：扩展；扩大 these great works are not known,they showed 然创作这些伟大作品的 3 boom/bum/i.使兴 great skill in creating these beautiful pieces.[4] 艺术家并不为人所知， 旺；急速发展 Some of the items on display are thought to have 但他们在创造这些精美 1exceptional/ik'sepfanl come from the collection of Emperor Qianlong 作品的过程中展现了高 adj.异常的；例外的 (1711-1799),a great admirer of Shang Dynasty bronze. 超的技巧。部分展品被 ⑤figure/igp(r)/n.人 【4】while引导让步状语从句，who引导定语从 认为是钟爱商代青铜器的 物；数字；图形；（人 句，修饰the artists。 乾隆皇帝(1711一1799)的 的)体形；画像 Finally,we have many fine examples of Tang 藏品。 ⑥bring...to life赋 Dynasty (618-907)sculptures.Most of these are of 最后，我们会展出 予…生命；使… Buddhist origin.Even though Buddhism entered 许多唐代(618一907)雕 鲜活起来 China much earlier,it did not really begin to 塑的精品。其中大多数 show expansion until the seventh century.【5】 源于佛教。尽管佛教进 During this same period,trade along the Silk Road also boomed.Chinese sculpture thus 入中国的时间要早得 found itself highly influenced by Buddhist art 多，但直到公元7世纪才 brought from India and Central Asia through the 真正开始传播。在同一 Silk Road..【6】These works were intended to 时期，丝绸之路沿线贸 spread Buddhism and they are of exceptional 易也蓬勃发展。因此， beauty and quality.Looking at the faces of the 中国雕塑深受经丝绸之 figures in these sculptures,one sees the faces of 路从印度和中亚传来的 the past.【T】History is brought to life. 佛教艺术的影响。这些 【5】句中even though引导让步状语从句，主句为 作品旨在传播佛教，具 not…until句型。 有非凡的美感和质感。 【6】句中influenced by…为过去分词作宾语补足 看着这些雕塑人物的面 语，其中brought from India and Central Asia 孔，人们看到了过去的 through the Silk Road为过去分词作后置定语， 岁月。历史被赋予新生。 修饰Buddhist art。 这只是该展览供您 【7】句中Looking at.…为现在分词作状语，one泛 参观的一小部分。我们 指人们。 保证，“从商到清：中国 This is just a small taste of what is in store 艺术千古流传”将以其 for you in this exhibition.【8】We guarantee 惊人的收藏品带您穿越 that "From Shang to Qing:Chinese Art Through 时空。 17guarantee/.gaeran'ti:/ the Ages"will transport you to another time with “从商到清：中国艺 t保证；确保；肯定… its amazing collection of works. 术千古流传”将持续到 必然发生n.保证；保 【8】句中what引导宾语从句。 11月25日。 修单；担保物 "From Shang to Qing:Chinese Art Through 开放时间：周二至 ⑧be admitted into可 the Ages"will run until November 25. 周日，上午9：00至下午 进人；被录取 Opening hours are from 9:00 a.m.to 5:00 p.m., 5:00(博物馆周一不开 19admission/admifn/ from Tuesday to Sunday (the museum is closed 放)。下午4：30以后禁 n.人场费 on Mondays).No one will be admitted into the 止入场。 exhibition after 4:30 p.m. 门票：成人10美元； Admission:$10 for adults;$8 for students; 学生8美元；12岁以下 $5 for children under 12;free for children 的儿童5美元；5岁以下 under 5. 儿童免费。 No photos or food and drink are allowed in 禁止拍照或携带食 the museum 物和饮料入场。 UNIT HEALTHY LIFESTYLE 教材助读3 难词注解 教材原文 课文翻译 ①become involved in HABITS FOR A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE 健康的生活习惯 随着青少年的成 使卷入；使陷入 As teenagers grow up,they become more 长，他们变得更加地独 ②tobacco/ta'baekou/ independent and start making their own 立，开始自己作决定。 烟草；烟叶 decisions.However,during this period,it can be 然而，在这段时间里，他 们中的一些人很容易养 ③alcohol/eelkahpl/ easy for some of them to form bad habits.These 成不良习惯。如果不加 n.酒；酒精 bad habits,if left unchecked,could lead to more 以控制，这些不良习惯 ④abuse/a'jus/n.滥 serious ones when they become adults..【l】For 在他们成年以后会导致 用；虐待；辱骂t.滥 example,some of them may become involved in 更加严重的问题。例 如，有些青少年会沉溺 用；虐待；辱骂 tobacco or alcohol abuse④，which can lead to 于烟酒不能自拔，造成 ⑤dominate/domineit/. physical and mental health problems.To prevent 生理和心理健康问题。 t.&oi.支配；控制； harmful habits like these from dominating a 防止这些不良习惯支配 青少年的生活是至关重 占有优势 teenager's life is essential.[21 They must learn 要的。他们必须学会及 ⑥essential/rsenf1/, to recognise bad habits early and make appropriate 早发现不良习惯并作出 adj.至关重要的 changes. 适当的改变。 改变不良习惯绝非 ⑦based on以…为 【1】if引导的句子为省略句，补全为：if they are 易事，甚至多次尝试也 基础；基于 left unchecked,在句中作插入语，when引导时间 未必能够成功。有一条 8philosophy/fa'lnsofi/ 状语从句。 基于亚里士多德哲学思 想的著名谚语说道：“重 n.哲学；哲理；人生观 【2】句中动词不定式作主语。 复的行为造就了我们。” 6