精品解析：上海市川沙中学2024-2025学年高三下学期第一次月考英语试题

上海市川沙中学2024学年第二学期高三第一次月考考试 英语试卷 考生注意： 1．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 2．答卷前，务必用钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸正面清楚填写班级、姓名、准考证号。 3．考试时间：105分钟。 第I卷（共65分） I．Grammar and Vocabulary（20%） Section A（10%） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A Billion at Risk for Hearing Loss from Exposure to Loud Music More than one billion teens and young adults are at risk of losing their hearing, according to WHO (that’s the World Health Organization, not a rock band). It’s not just old folks who suffer hearing loss. Just by listening to music at what you probably think___1___(be) a normal level, or hanging out in music and sporting events, you can permanently damage your hearing. By analyzing listening habits of 12-to 35-year-olds in wealthier countries around the world WHO has found about 40% of those___2___(study) are exposed to damaging levels of music and noise at entertainment venues. It has also found that nearly 50% listen to unsafe sound levels on personal listening devices, a behavior they should avoid___3___(engage) in. When it comes to personal listening devices, what extent or damage can you cause to your ears? It is directly related to ___4___ you listen and how loud the sound. “The highest volume___5___(go) for safety concerns can be, for example, 85 decibels (分贝) for eight hours or 100 decibels for 15 minutes,” says WHO. Eighty-five decibels isn’t all that loud. According to the Palo Alto Medical Foundation, it’s about the level of city traffic that you’d hear from inside your car. Unfortunately, some 360 million of us___6___(suffer) moderate to severe hearing loss, according to the UN Health Agency Worldwide, ___7___ special mission is to improve global health. ___8___ that number does account for aging and birth-related factors, about half of all cases are avoidable. When it comes to your personal listening devices, such as your smartphone: —Turn the volume down. rather than go above 60%. —Wear noise___9___(cancel) earphones, or better yet, headphones. —Take “listening breaks” or only listen for just an hour a day —Learn about appropriate apps for that. Choose _____10_____ to download on your phone to help monitor safe listening levels. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．concern B．barely C．open D．readily E．trap F．resisted G．spoiled H．tension I．redirect J．upset K．well-meaning Helping Teens Through Tough Times The idea that experiencing psychological distress helps teens to mature may sound great in theory. However, when your own child is experiencing-emotional pain, it becomes a matter that could deeply ___11___ you. Caring parents hate to see their kids suffer and worry when their teens face challenges that impact their well-being. So what’s a loving adult to do? We can try to notice when we go the extra mile to keep a teen from becoming ___12___. It’s easy to fall into this ___13___. With a great deal of life experience, we can often anticipate difficulties that our teenagers don’t see coming. We see the approach of a problem and feel the urge to ___14___ our teenagers away from its path, hoping to use our wisdom for their benefit. Consider the case of a friend of mine. As her son’s high school soccer tryouts (选拔赛) approached, ___15___ arose during her family meals. Her ___16___ husband was often using dinnertime to ask their fifteen-year-old son about his training progress. The boy ___17___ , as one would expect from any normally developing teenager, and the meals often ended in angry arguments. Curious, my friend asked her husband why he kept bringing up a topic that always ___18___ their meals. He explained, “I’m worried that our son’s confidence will take a big hit if he gets cut from the team,” a concern she ___19___ understood since it was likely to happen. My friend wondered about their options. Could there be a possibility that if her husband consistently questioned their son’s training plans, he might become more ___20___ to his guidance. “This already isn’t working,” I said to her. “Doing more of it is probably a bad idea.” Instead, I suggested that they say, “We love you and know how much you want to make the soccer team, and we all know that you can increase your chances by getting in shape now.” And then leave it at that. II．Reading Comprehension（45%） Section A （15%） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D．Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Insects are disappearing. The world has 25 per cent fewer insects now than in 1990．This includes those we depend on to pollinate (授粉) our crops and clean our rivers. If we don’t solve this problem very soon, some species will ___21___. There are many causes for the insect decline, but pesticides (杀虫剂) are a major part of the problem. Those used today are ___22___ and up to 10000 times more poisonous than some that were banned in the 1970s. Adding to the problem is that these pesticides are now applied to crops as preventive measures, whether pests are ___23___ or not. Overall, the amount of insecticide applied to the land is ___24___, but this is a very misleading statistic. A recent paper found that, between 2005 and 2015, there was a 40 percent reduction in the amount of pesticide applied to crops measured by weight. ___25___ , the global toxicity (毒性) of treated land to pollinating insects has more than doubled in the same period. Governments and regulating agencies are aware of the problem, and some have moved to ___26___ the use of certain pesticides outdoors in an attempt to help bees survive. But the pesticides used instead are just as hazardous. One ___27___ approach is to use pesticide-free pest control methods, referred to as integrated pest management (IPM). Having been around for decades, they offer effective crop protection and include methods such as planting resistant varieties, ___28___ pest habitats and releasing natural enemies of pests. But their adoption has been incredibly ___29___, because spraying pesticides is viewed as an easy option. As a result, IPM methods are ___30___ seldom used today. Neither changing insecticides nor adopting IPM is a quick ___31___. We argue instead that we need a gradual ___32___ in focus, away from killing pests and towards protecting crops. By using the ___33___ dose (剂量) we need to protect crops, we could reduce the amount of insecticide to a small portion of what is used today. Farmers would benefit from these changes. ___34___, they could spend less money on pesticides and improve crop production by keeping healthy pollinator insects about. It is also a move that could win us time to make food production more ___35___ and integrate farmlands well with the natural ecosystems we crucially depend on. And that will allow insects to recover in the end. 21. A. come out B. leave out C. die out D. set out 22. A. efficient B. economical C. persisting D. temporary 23. A. energetic B. healthy C. present D. current 24. A. decreasing B. increasing C. multiplying D. rising 25. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. Furthermore D. However 26. A. ban B. embrace C. permit D. make 27. A. highly-recommended B. well-received C. widely-applied D. over-estimated 28. A. harvesting B. producing C. removing D. locating 29. A. slow B. rapid C. simple D. popular 30. A. willingly B. luckily C. purposefully D. unfortunately 31 A. problem B. decision C. action D. fix 32. A. progress B. improvement C. process D. shift 33. A. medium B. heavy C. minimal D. high 34. A. All in all B. First of all C. In all D. After all 35. A. efficient B. nutritious C. profitable D. sustainable Section B （22%） Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） Australia looks browner and flatter than I remembered; it’s dry grass here and there dotted with tough bushes and unremarkable buildings. The lighting is violently intense. My friend keeps talking in the driver’s seat and I respond with ‘Ah-huh’ and ‘Oh really?’ to appear interested in her string of gossip about people whose faces I have long forgotten, whose stories I’ve stopped caring about. ‘Are you okay?’ my friend asks, taking her eyes off the road to study my expression with her all-knowing eyes. ‘Just tired,’ I say. She accepts my lie with an unconvinced shrug. I keep searching in my mind’s eyes, hoping to bring back into focus images from the remote towns of Asia: steam coming off boiling pots, baskets filled with strange fruits, giant pigs alongside little kids. I laugh at the thought. ‘Something funny?’ my friend asks ‘Oh, just a memory,’ I say. ‘The little kids in northern Thailand were so friendly. When we’d pass them in the street, they’d greet us at the top of their lungs in their native language.’ ‘Cool,’ she says, and then-’Hey, guess what? I had my bathroom remade!’ ‘Wow,’ I say. And then she details her bathroom project, and I ‘Ah-huh’ and ‘Oh really?’. Home improvements, kids, full-time jobs: these are the standard conversation topics of thirty-something women. In the years since I left, my friends have matured into responsible adults, but I’m stuck in another place entirely, more comfortable in a local bus traveling along the edge of a Himalayan mountain. If they are all grownups now, what does that make me? People say that travel changes you, but I never anticipated it would be like this. I close my eyes and return to the excitement of being sped at 565 miles per hour to somewhere foreign and wild. But I must stay this time. My dad has been diagnosed with a serious illness and so here I am, back in reality, back to my roots. 36. How does the author feel on her arrival in Australia? A. Interested. B. Conflicted. C. Exhausted. D. Excited. 37. What can be learned about the conversation between the author and her friend? A. They have different interests and lives as grownups. B. They share fond memories of growing up together. C. They care about and provide updates for each other. D. They enjoy telling personal stories to exchange ideas. 38. By “If they are all grownups now, what does that make me?” (in the second last paragraph), the author means _________. A. they make me think of growing up as they do B. we are all adults who will eventually settle down C. a comfortable home is what we all need as adults D. diverse experiences shape individuals’ life paths 39. Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A. Feeling Lost When Back in Australia B. The Excitement of Traveling to Australia C. Australia: A Place like Asia in My Heart D. Out of Asia, Out of Mind （B） A Beginner’s Guide to Goal Setting for Teens Are you trying to get into your dream college? Hoping to make it into the school basketball team next year? Or maybe get an A in chemistry? Regardless of what your goal is or how big it is, if you’re a young person who wants to accomplish something, you’ve come to the right place. This guide to goal setting for teens is definitely for you! When it comes to goal setting, SMART goals are the top dog. This well-established tool for goal setting is highly influenced by Locke and Latham’s goal setting theory and used by almost every major company out there. If there’s one tool for goal setting for teens to understand, it’s this one. You’ll probably encounter it later on in university or your career as well too! When creating a SMART goal, here’s what you need to consider... A SMARI goal is... Specific→State exactly what you will accomplish Measurable→Progress is trackable and you will know when you achieve it Attainable→It is possible for you to achieve the goal Relevant→It is consistent with your values, interests and other goals Timely→Includes fair, but firm deadlines Where to start? 1. Start by thinking about your whole job and the broad areas (or “buckets”) of responsibility and results over which you have control. 2. Develop a goal statement for each bucket. To get the scale right, remember to focus on end results, rather than tasks. 3. Goals should be high level enough to include the core outcomes for which you are responsible, but specific and clear enough so you will be able to measure success. 4. Goals should be on-going job responsibilities and any new projects and assignments that are specific to this performance cycle. 5. Having too many goals can be an indicator that your goals are defined at too detailed a level and are focused more on tasks than on end results. 6. If it seems that your goals are becoming too many and focus on individual tasks, it may be helpful to consider combining several goal statements into a broader outcome area. 40. The author recommends SMART most probably because ______. A. he is a trainer for a major company B. it is a tool well supported by theory C. the readers need it for their future life D. teens are big dreamers but not doers 41. Xiao Ming, an average high school student, writes the following goal for the new semester: My goal is to raise my scores above 90（out of 100） in all my classes this semester because getting good scores will help me get into a good college. Which two criteria of SMART are seriously missing in Xiao Ming’s goal statement? A. Relevant, Measurable. B. Specific, Attainable. C. Measurable, Attainable. D. Relevance, Timely. 42. According to the guide’s Where to Start, which is the most important factor to consider? A. The sense of responsibility. B. The measurement of success. C. A good knowledge of tasks. D. The right level of goals. （C） Yet another year witnesses Britain’s high streets in continuous decline as across the country doors are closing and stores are shutting down ranging from the corner post office and pub to famous names like Marks & Spencer. Similar to the climate crisis and the spoiling of the countryside, the challenges of urban geography go unnoticed because their impact is local. But the world is composed of locals. High streets are commonly perceived by planners as places where people engage in shopping, but they are not as a matter of fact; rather, they are places of character, where people gather, communicate and feel at home in company. Their shops can be replaced by out-of-town supermarkets, and now by online stores. But their society is irreplaceable. The future outlook for high street shops appears pessimistic. Online shopping is forecast to account for 40% of spending by 2030．In Britain, moreover, governments have done all they can to kill off high streets, allowing out-of-town centers to replace the high street wherever they wanted, while high streets everywhere have had the commercial lifeblood sucked from them. Vast stretches of countryside have disappeared due to car-dependent shoppers at supermarkets, which will soon lie as deserted as petrol stations. This was mindless planning. Meanwhile, the British government has dealt death blows to town centre shops with murderous business rates, while letting off out-of-town commerce virtually free. British high streets are gradually transitioning towards the experience economy. Surviving shops focus on beauty, fitness, coffee, charity and loans. Interestingly, too, the number of bookshops is actually rising, A more intelligent government initiative has been the modest £40m boost to Historic England’s “heritage (遗产) action zones”, driven by evidence that smartening up old high streets makes them attractive destinations to casual shoppers or just visitors. If there is social wrong that cries out for a solution, it is personal isolation, as the bonds that once held people of all ages within the warmth of community are disintegrating. This issue extends from the depression of young digital natives to the underlying pain of old age, not ill-health, but loneliness. The conventional institutions of the high street—the pub, the library, the police station—all traditionally served to provide comfort to ease such troubles. However, the driving force behind these connections now must become more than the mere necessity to shop. 43. What is the author’s purpose in including the sentence: “But the world is composed of locals.”（para.1）? A. To explain the sweeping force of online shopping around the world. B. To express disappointment at the neglect of issues like climate change. C. To emphasize the role of local communities in the well-being of society. D. To introduce the topic of widespread landscape changes at the local level. 44. What do we learn from the passage about the survival of some shops? A. They receive government funding as historic sites. B. They are undergoing the change of business models. C. They are moving towards e-commerce with difficulty. D. They can still attract a steady stream of loyal shoppers. 45. It can be inferred from the passage that ______. A. the tradition of community building should be valued B. the national character can make British society superior C. the new needs of younger generations must be satisfied D. the economic role of high streets has to be strengthened 46. The passage is mainly abouts ______. A. the impact of online business on British economy B. the change of business in British high street shops C. the cultural significance of British town centre shops D. the discrimination of British governments’ tax policies Section C （8%） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Health Risk in Space On May 30, 2023, China achieved a significant milestone by successfully launching three astronauts to its fully operational space station aboard the Shenzhou 16 spacecraft. This brought the population in orbit at the same time to a record high of 17. With more countries planning missions and commercial companies bringing people to space, opportunities for human space travel are rapidly expanding. ___47___ Since NASA wants to send a manned mission to Mars in the 2030s, scientists need to find solutions sooner rather than later. The Earth has a protective barrier, which is the area of space around a planet that is controlled by its magnetic field (磁场) and blocks radiation. ___48___. As the equivalent between 150 and 6,000 chest X-rays, this level of radiation can harm the human body, leading to heart disease. In addition, it can make the blood-brain barrier leak, exposing the brain to chemicals and proteins that are harmful to it. Astronauts must be well protected on future long-duration missions beyond low-Earth orbit. NASA is developing technology that can protect travelers on a Mars mission from radiation by building radiation-resistant materials into space vehicles and spacesuits. ___49___ Developing ways to reduce the effects of space radiation will enable missions other than traveling in space. ___50___ For example, products that protect astronauts from space radiation and reduce its harmful effects on the human body can also treat cancer patients receiving radiation treatments. A. However, astronauts traveling farther than the space station will face continuous exposure to this radiation. B. Medical and technological advances in the field bring benefits on Earth. C. Space exploration has led to many technological achievements advancing water treatment and satellite systems. D. Certain diets also bring the effects of radiation to a minimum. E. Despite the progress, traveling to space poses risks to the human body. F. NASA is planning dedicated extended-duration research on the space station. III．Summary Writing （10%） 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. Will Translation Apps Make Learning Foreign Languages Unnecessary? Between 2009 and 2013 one American college closed its foreign language program; between 2013 and 2017, 651 others did the same. At first glance, these statistics look tragic. But I am starting to believe that maybe they are not. What is changing my mind is technology. Before last Christmas, for example, I was introduced to ChatGPT by someone who had it write on a certain topic in my “style.” Fascinating enough. But then it was told to translate the article into Russian. It did so, instantly to produce the Russian that was remarkably functional. And what about spoken language? I was in Belgium not long ago, and I watched various tourists from a variety of nations use instant speech translation apps to translate their own languages into English and French. I don’t think these tools will ever make learning foreign languages completely unnecessary. What is implied in the natural flow of casual conversation cannot be translated by a program, at least not in a fully human way. For example, when I announce “Tomorrow I start my diet,” I sound dramatic, suggesting that I may have delayed the diet until now. A typical translation would simply have me saying “Tomorrow I am going to start my diet,” which is a more straightforward statement of a future plan. But even if it may fail at genuine conversation — for now, at least — technology is removing most of the need to learn foreign languages for more practical purposes. The old-school language textbook examples, of people reserving hotel rooms or ordering meals in the language of the country they are visiting will now be out of date. And most people are interested much less in how they are saying things, and which language they are saying them in, than in what they are saying. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV．Translation （15%） Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 你觉得在你们小区给电动车充电方便吗？（convenient）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________ 53. 回顾高中生活，我对所有老师和同学们充满感激之情。（grateful）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________ 54. 这位运动员让我印象深刻的是，他拒绝让别人的低期望束缚自己并最终成为世界冠军。（define）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________ 55. 影片哪吒，改编自中国民间故事，以其生动鲜明的角色，引人入胜的故事情节和高质量的特效，吸引了各个年龄层次的观众。（which）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________ V．Guided Writing （25%） 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学的高三学生李华，你在小红书上结识的美国朋友Jack对于“虎妈”之类反映中国家庭教育的词汇特别感兴趣。请回信分享你的看法。你的回信，要求包含以下内容： 1．简单介绍下中国家庭教育的情况； 2．通过自己的经历谈谈你的看法。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 上海市川沙中学2024学年第二学期高三第一次月考考试 英语试卷 考生注意： 1．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 2．答卷前，务必用钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸正面清楚填写班级、姓名、准考证号。 3．考试时间：105分钟。 第I卷（共65分） I．Grammar and Vocabulary（20%） Section A（10%） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A Billion at Risk for Hearing Loss from Exposure to Loud Music More than one billion teens and young adults are at risk of losing their hearing, according to WHO (that’s the World Health Organization, not a rock band). It’s not just old folks who suffer hearing loss. Just by listening to music at what you probably think___1___(be) a normal level, or hanging out in music and sporting events, you can permanently damage your hearing. By analyzing listening habits of 12-to 35-year-olds in wealthier countries around the world, WHO has found about 40% of those___2___(study) are exposed to damaging levels of music and noise at entertainment venues. It has also found that nearly 50% listen to unsafe sound levels on personal listening devices, a behavior they should avoid___3___(engage) in. When it comes to personal listening devices, what extent or damage can you cause to your ears? It is directly related to ___4___ you listen and how loud the sound. “The highest volume___5___(go) for safety concerns can be, for example, 85 decibels (分贝) for eight hours or 100 decibels for 15 minutes,” says WHO. Eighty-five decibels isn’t all that loud. According to the Palo Alto Medical Foundation, it’s about the level of city traffic that you’d hear from inside your car. Unfortunately, some 360 million of us___6___(suffer) moderate to severe hearing loss, according to the UN Health Agency Worldwide, ___7___ special mission is to improve global health. ___8___ that number does account for aging and birth-related factors, about half of all cases are avoidable. When it comes to your personal listening devices, such as your smartphone: —Turn the volume down rather than go above 60%. —Wear noise___9___(cancel) earphones, or better yet, headphones. —Take “listening breaks” or only listen for just an hour a day —Learn about appropriate apps for that. Choose _____10_____ to download on your phone to help monitor safe listening levels. 【答案】1. is 2. studied 3. engaging 4. how long 5. going 6. have suffered 7. whose 8. Although##Though##While 9. cancelling 10 one 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了全球超过十亿的青少年和年轻人因暴露于高音量音乐中而面临听力损失的风险，并提供了如何保护听力的建议。 【1题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：仅仅通过听你认为正常水平的音乐，或者参加音乐和体育活动，你可能会永久性地损害你的听力。此处为宾语从句，描述的是普遍现象，使用一般现在时，宾语从句的主语是what引导的从句，谓语用单数形式。故填is。 【2题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：通过分析全球较富裕国家12至35岁人群的听音习惯，世界卫生组织发现，约40%的研究对象在娱乐场所暴露于有害的音乐和噪音水平。those与study为被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填studied。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它还发现，近50%的人在个人听音设备上听不安全的音量，这是一种他们应该避免参与的行为。固定搭配avoid doing sth.“避免做某事”，动名词作宾语。故填engaging。 【4题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：这与你听的时间长短和声音大小直接相关。空处为宾语从句，与how loud并列，此处表示“时间长度”，应用how long。故填how long。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：“例如，引起安全问题的最高音量可能是8小时85分贝或15分钟100分贝，”世卫组织说。空处为非谓语动词，The highest volume与go为主动关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语。故填going。 【6题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：不幸的是，据联合国全球卫生机构称，我们中约有3.6亿人患有中度至重度听力损失，该机构的特殊使命是改善全球健康。句子陈述过去动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时，主语是复数，助动词使用have。故填have suffered。 【7题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：不幸的是，据联合国全球卫生机构称，我们中约有3.6亿人患有中度至重度听力损失，该机构的特殊使命是改善全球健康。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为 UN Health Agency Worldwide，关系词替代先行词在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 【8题详解】 考查连词。句意：尽管这个数字确实考虑了老龄化和出生相关因素，但约有一半的病例是可以避免的。前后句意存在让步关系，应用although/though/while引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Although/Though/While。 【9题详解】 考查名词。句意：佩戴降噪耳机，或者更好的是头戴式耳机。此处修饰名词earphones，表功能，应用名词cancelling“消除”，作定语。故填cancelling。 【10题详解】 考查代词。句意：选择一个下载到手机上，以帮助监控安全的听力水平。此处泛指appropriate apps中的一个，应用代词one，作宾语。故填one。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．concern B．barely C．open D．readily E．trap F．resisted G．spoiled H．tension I．redirect J．upset K．well-meaning Helping Teens Through Tough Times The idea that experiencing psychological distress helps teens to mature may sound great in theory. However, when your own child is experiencing-emotional pain, it becomes a matter that could deeply ___11___ you. Caring parents hate to see their kids suffer and worry when their teens face challenges that impact their well-being. So what’s a loving adult to do? We can try to notice when we go the extra mile to keep a teen from becoming ___12___. It’s easy to fall into this ___13___. With a great deal of life experience, we can often anticipate difficulties that our teenagers don’t see coming. We see the approach of a problem and feel the urge to ___14___ our teenagers away from its path, hoping to use our wisdom for their benefit. Consider the case of a friend of mine. As her son’s high school soccer tryouts (选拔赛) approached, ___15___ arose during her family meals. Her ___16___ husband was often using dinnertime to ask their fifteen-year-old son about his training progress. The boy ___17___ , as one would expect from any normally developing teenager, and the meals often ended in angry arguments. Curious, my friend asked her husband why he kept bringing up a topic that always ___18___ their meals. He explained, “I’m worried that our son’s confidence will take a big hit if he gets cut from the team,” a concern she ___19___ understood since it was likely to happen. My friend wondered about their options. Could there be a possibility that if her husband consistently questioned their son’s training plans, he might become more ___20___ to his guidance. “This already isn’t working,” I said to her. “Doing more of it is probably a bad idea.” Instead, I suggested that they say, “We love you and know how much you want to make the soccer team, and we all know that you can increase your chances by getting in shape now.” And then leave it at that. 【答案】11. A 12. G 13. E 14. I 15. H 16. K 17. F 18. J 19. D 20. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述如何帮助青少年度过艰难时期及相关建议。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：然而，当你自己的孩子正在经历情感上的痛苦时，这就成了一件会让你深感担忧的事情。根据“when your own child is experiencing emotional pain”可知，孩子经历痛苦会让父母担心，concern“让(某人)担忧”符合语境，且could后接动词原形。故填A。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我们可以试着注意一下，我们什么时候会格外努力，不让一个青少年被宠坏。根据上文 “Caring parents hate to see their kids suffer and worry when their teens face challenges that impact their well-being.”可知，父母不愿孩子受苦，所以这里说的是防止孩子被宠坏，spoiled“宠坏的”，become spoiled“被宠坏”。故填G。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：很容易陷入这个陷阱。根据上文“Caring parents hate to see their kids suffer and worry when their teens face challenges that impact their well-being.”可知，父母不遗余力不让孩子受苦，这是一种容易陷入的陷阱，trap“陷阱”，作介词into的宾语，符合语境。fall into this trap“陷入这个陷阱”。故填E。 【14题详解】 考查动词。句意：我们看到问题的出现，就感到有一种冲动，想要把我们的青少年从这条路上引开，希望用我们的智慧为他们谋福利。根据句意及空后的“our teenagers away from its path”可知，空处应用动词redirect“使改变路线，使改道”，且feel the urge to do sth.“感到有做某事的冲动”，是固定搭配，所以空处应用动词原形。故填I。 【15题详解】 考查名词。句意：随着她儿子高中足球选拔赛的临近，她家吃饭时出现了紧张气氛。根据下文“the meals often ended in angry arguments”可知，吃饭时气氛不好，tension“紧张，紧张气氛”，符合语境。故填H。 【16题详解】 考查形容词。句意：她善意的丈夫经常利用晚餐时间询问他们 15 岁的儿子的训练进展。根据“husband was often using dinnertime to ask their fifteen-year-old son about his training progress”可知，丈夫是出于关心询问，well-meaning“善意的，好心的”，符合语境，作定语修饰 husband。故填K。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：这个男孩像任何正常成长的青少年一样抗拒，而且用餐常常以愤怒的争吵结束。根据 “and the meals often ended in angry arguments”可知，男孩对父亲的询问是抗拒的，resist“抗拒，抵制”，根据上下文时态可知用一般过去时，陈述过去的事实。故填F。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：出于好奇，我的朋友问她丈夫，为什么他总是提起一个总是让他们用餐不愉快的话题。根据上文“the meals often ended in angry arguments” 可知，这个话题让用餐不愉快，upset“使心烦意乱，使不高兴”，根据上文时态可知用一般过去时，陈述过去的事实。故填J。 【19题详解】 考查副词。句意：他解释说：“我担心如果我们的儿子被球队淘汰，他的信心会受到很大打击。” 她很容易理解这种担心，因为这种情况很可能发生。根据“since it was likely to happen”可知，她很容易理解丈夫的担心，readily“容易地，乐意地”，修饰动词understood。故填D。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：有没有可能，如果她丈夫一直质疑他们儿子的训练计划，他可能会更愿意接受他的指导呢？根据语境可知这里说的是儿子对父亲指导的态度，become open to“对……变得愿意接受”，open“愿意接受的”。故填C。 II．Reading Comprehension（45%） Section A （15%） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D．Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Insects are disappearing. The world has 25 per cent fewer insects now than in 1990．This includes those we depend on to pollinate (授粉) our crops and clean our rivers. If we don’t solve this problem very soon, some species will ___21___. There are many causes for the insect decline, but pesticides (杀虫剂) are a major part of the problem. Those used today are ___22___ and up to 10000 times more poisonous than some that were banned in the 1970s. Adding to the problem is that these pesticides are now applied to crops as preventive measures, whether pests are ___23___ or not. Overall, the amount of insecticide applied to the land is ___24___, but this is a very misleading statistic. A recent paper found that, between 2005 and 2015, there was a 40 percent reduction in the amount of pesticide applied to crops measured by weight. ___25___ , the global toxicity (毒性) of treated land to pollinating insects has more than doubled in the same period. Governments and regulating agencies are aware of the problem, and some have moved to ___26___ the use of certain pesticides outdoors in an attempt to help bees survive. But the pesticides used instead are just as hazardous. One ___27___ approach is to use pesticide-free pest control methods, referred to as integrated pest management (IPM). Having been around for decades, they offer effective crop protection and include methods such as planting resistant varieties, ___28___ pest habitats and releasing natural enemies of pests. But their adoption has been incredibly ___29___, because spraying pesticides is viewed as an easy option. As a result, IPM methods are ___30___ seldom used today. Neither changing insecticides nor adopting IPM is a quick ___31___. We argue instead that we need a gradual ___32___ in focus, away from killing pests and towards protecting crops. By using the ___33___ dose (剂量) we need to protect crops, we could reduce the amount of insecticide to a small portion of what is used today. Farmers would benefit from these changes. ___34___, they could spend less money on pesticides and improve crop production by keeping healthy pollinator insects about. It is also a move that could win us time to make food production more ___35___ and integrate farmlands well with the natural ecosystems we crucially depend on. And that will allow insects to recover in the end. 21. A. come out B. leave out C. die out D. set out 22. A. efficient B. economical C. persisting D. temporary 23. A. energetic B. healthy C. present D. current 24. A. decreasing B. increasing C. multiplying D. rising 25. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. Furthermore D. However 26. A. ban B. embrace C. permit D. make 27. A. highly-recommended B. well-received C. widely-applied D. over-estimated 28. A. harvesting B. producing C. removing D. locating 29. A. slow B. rapid C. simple D. popular 30. A. willingly B. luckily C. purposefully D. unfortunately 31. A. problem B. decision C. action D. fix 32. A. progress B. improvement C. process D. shift 33. A. medium B. heavy C. minimal D. high 34. A. All in all B. First of all C. In all D. After all 35. A. efficient B. nutritious C. profitable D. sustainable 【答案】21. C 22. C 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. A 27. A 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. D 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述昆虫数量减少的现状、原因及解决办法。 【21题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果我们不尽快解决这个问题，一些物种将会灭绝。A. come out出来，出版；B. leave out遗漏，省去；C. die out灭绝；D. set out出发，开始。根据前文“Insects are disappearing.”可知，昆虫正在消失，如果不解决，一些物种将会灭绝。故选C。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在使用的杀虫剂持久性更强，毒性比20世纪70年代被禁止的一些杀虫剂高达10000倍。A. efficient有效率的；B. economical经济的；C. persisting持久的；D. temporary暂时的。根据后文“and up to 10000 times more poisonous than some that were banned in the 1970s.”可知，现在的杀虫剂毒性更强且更持久。故选C。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：使问题更加严重的是，这些杀虫剂现在被用作农作物的预防措施，无论害虫是否存在。A. energetic精力充沛的；B. healthy健康的；C. present存在的；D. current当前的。根据前文“as preventive measures”可知，这些杀虫剂是作为预防措施使用的，不管害虫是否存在都会使用。故选C。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：总的来说，施用于土地的杀虫剂数量正在减少，但这是一个非常误导性的统计数字。A. decreasing减少；B. increasing增加；C. multiplying繁殖，乘；D. rising上升。根据后文“A recent paper found that, between 2005 and 2015, there was a 40 percent reduction in the amount of pesticide applied to crops measured by weight.”和“the global toxicity (毒性) of treated land to pollinating insects has more than doubled in the same period.”可知，虽然按重量计算，施用于农作物的杀虫剂数量减少了40%，但总体毒性却增加了，说明这里说的是数量在减少，但情况并不乐观。故选A。 【25题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在同一时期，经处理的土地对传粉昆虫的全球毒性却增加了一倍多。A. Therefore因此；B. Moreover而且；C. Furthermore此外；D. However然而。根据前文“there was a 40 percent reduction in the amount of pesticide applied to crops measured by weight.”和后文“the global toxicity (毒性) of treated land to pollinating insects has more than doubled in the same period.”可知，前文说杀虫剂数量减少，这里说毒性增加，是转折关系。故选D。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：政府和监管机构已经意识到了这个问题，并且一些机构已经采取行动禁止在户外使用某些杀虫剂，试图帮助蜜蜂生存下来。A. ban禁止；B. embrace拥抱，接受；C. permit允许；D. make制作。根据后文“the use of certain pesticides outdoors in an attempt to help bees survive.”可知，为了帮助蜜蜂生存，一些机构禁止在户外使用某些杀虫剂。故选A。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一种高度推荐的方法是使用无农药的害虫控制方法，即综合害虫管理(IPM)。A. highly-recommended高度推荐的；B. well-received受到好评的；C. widely-applied广泛应用的；D. over-estimated高估的。根据后文“Having been around for decades, they offer effective crop protection and include methods such as planting resistant varieties, ___8___ pest habitats and releasing natural enemies of pests.”可知，这种方法已经存在了几十年，且能提供有效的作物保护，所以是被高度推荐的。故选A。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们已经存在了几十年，提供了有效的作物保护，包括种植抗虫品种、清除害虫栖息地以及释放害虫的天敌等方法。A. harvesting收获；B. producing生产；C. removing移除，清除；D. locating定位。根据前文“pest control methods”可知，这是害虫控制方法，所以应该是清除害虫栖息地。故选C。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是它们的采用速度非常缓慢，因为喷洒杀虫剂被视为一种简单的方法。A. slow缓慢的；B. rapid快速的；C. simple简单的；D. popular受欢迎的。根据后文“because spraying pesticides is viewed as an easy option.”可知，因为喷洒杀虫剂被视为一种简单的方法，所以综合害虫管理方法的采用速度非常缓慢。故选A。 【30题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，不幸的是，综合害虫管理方法今天很少被使用。A. willingly愿意地；B. luckily幸运地；C. purposefully有目的地；D. unfortunately不幸地。根据前文“their adoption has been incredibly slow”可知，综合害虫管理方法的采用速度非常缓慢，所以今天很少被使用，这是不幸的。故选D。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论是更换杀虫剂还是采用综合害虫管理都不是快速的解决办法。A. problem问题；B. decision决定；C. action行动；D. fix解决办法。根据前文“Neither changing insecticides nor adopting IPM”可知，这里说的是更换杀虫剂和采用综合害虫管理都不是快速的解决办法。故选D。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，我们认为我们需要逐渐转变焦点，从杀死害虫转向保护作物。A. progress进步；B. improvement改进；C. process过程；D. shift转变。根据后文“away from killing pests and towards protecting crops.”可知，这里说的是需要逐渐转变焦点。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过使用我们保护作物所需的最小剂量，我们可以将杀虫剂的使用量减少到目前使用量的一小部分。A. medium中等的；B. heavy重的；C. minimal最小的；D. high高的。根据后文“we could reduce the amount of insecticide to a small portion of what is used today.”可知，将杀虫剂的使用量减少到目前使用量的一小部分，所以应该是使用最小剂量的杀虫剂。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：首先，他们可以少花些钱买杀虫剂，并通过保持健康的传粉昆虫来提高作物产量。A. All in all总而言之；B. First of all首先；C. In all总共；D. After all毕竟。根据后文“they could spend less money on pesticides and improve crop production by keeping healthy pollinator insects about.”可知，根据后文“It is also a move that could win us time to make food production more ___15___ and integrate farmlands well with the natural ecosystems we crucially depend on.”可知，后面列举了其它的好处，这里说首先是在杀虫剂上花费更少。故选B。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这也是一个可以为我们赢得时间使粮食生产更加可持续，并将农田与我们所依赖的自然生态系统很好地融合在一起的举措。A. efficient有效率的；B. nutritious有营养的；C. profitable有利可图的；D. sustainable可持续的。根据后文“and integrate farmlands well with the natural ecosystems we crucially depend on.”可知，这里说的是使粮食生产更加可持续。故选D。 Section B （22%） Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） Australia looks browner and flatter than I remembered; it’s dry grass here and there dotted with tough bushes and unremarkable buildings. The lighting is violently intense. My friend keeps talking in the driver’s seat and I respond with ‘Ah-huh’ and ‘Oh really?’ to appear interested in her string of gossip about people whose faces I have long forgotten, whose stories I’ve stopped caring about. ‘Are you okay?’ my friend asks, taking her eyes off the road to study my expression with her all-knowing eyes. ‘Just tired,’ I say. She accepts my lie with an unconvinced shrug. I keep searching in my mind’s eyes, hoping to bring back into focus images from the remote towns of Asia: steam coming off boiling pots, baskets filled with strange fruits, giant pigs alongside little kids. I laugh at the thought. ‘Something funny?’ my friend asks. ‘Oh, just a memory,’ I say. ‘The little kids in northern Thailand were so friendly. When we’d pass them in the street, they’d greet us at the top of their lungs in their native language.’ ‘Cool,’ she says, and then-’Hey, guess what? I had my bathroom remade!’ ‘Wow,’ I say. And then she details her bathroom project, and I ‘Ah-huh’ and ‘Oh really?’. Home improvements, kids, full-time jobs: these are the standard conversation topics of thirty-something women. In the years since I left, my friends have matured into responsible adults, but I’m stuck in another place entirely, more comfortable in a local bus traveling along the edge of a Himalayan mountain. If they are all grownups now, what does that make me? People say that travel changes you, but I never anticipated it would be like this. I close my eyes and return to the excitement of being sped at 565 miles per hour to somewhere foreign and wild. But I must stay this time. My dad has been diagnosed with a serious illness and so here I am, back in reality, back to my roots. 36. How does the author feel on her arrival in Australia? A. Interested. B. Conflicted. C. Exhausted. D. Excited. 37. What can be learned about the conversation between the author and her friend? A. They have different interests and lives as grownups. B. They share fond memories of growing up together. C. They care about and provide updates for each other. D. They enjoy telling personal stories to exchange ideas. 38. By “If they are all grownups now, what does that make me?” (in the second last paragraph), the author means _________. A. they make me think of growing up as they do B. we are all adults who will eventually settle down C. a comfortable home is what we all need as adults D. diverse experiences shape individuals’ life paths 39. Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A. Feeling Lost When Back in Australia B. The Excitement of Traveling to Australia C. Australia: A Place like Asia in My Heart D. Out of Asia, Out of Mind 【答案】36. B 37. A 38. D 39. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者回到家乡澳大利亚后发现自己对家乡的一切都感到陌生，找不到归属感，这让她感到很失落。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Australia looks browner and flatter than I remembered; it’s dry grass here and there dotted with tough bushes and unremarkable buildings. The lighting is violently intense.(澳大利亚看起来比我记忆中的更棕色、更平坦；这里到处都是干草，点缀着坚韧的灌木丛和不起眼的建筑。灯光非常强烈。)”和第四段第三句到最后一句“I keep searching in my mind’s eyes, hoping to bring back into focus images from the remote towns of Asia: steam coming off boiling pots, baskets filled with strange fruits, giant pigs alongside little kids.(我一直在脑海中搜寻，希望能把亚洲偏远城镇的画面重新聚焦起来：沸腾的锅里冒出的蒸汽，装满奇怪水果的篮子，和小孩子在一起的巨型猪。)”可知，作者到达澳大利亚时心情很矛盾。故选B。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“My friend keeps talking in the driver’s seat and I respond with ‘Ah-huh’ and ‘Oh really?’ to appear interested in her string of gossip about people whose faces I have long forgotten, whose stories I’ve stopped caring about.(我的朋友坐在驾驶座上不停地说话，我的回应是“啊哈”和“哦，真的吗?”’表现出对她那一串关于我早已忘记的人的闲话感兴趣，那些人的故事我也不再关心了。)”和第八段前三句“‘Cool,’ she says, and then-’Hey, guess what? I had my bathroom remade!’ ‘Wow,’ I say. And then she details her bathroom project, and I ‘Ah-huh’ and ‘Oh really?’.(“酷！”她说，然后——“嘿，你猜怎么着？我重新装修了我的浴室！“哇！”我说。然后她详细介绍了她的浴室计划，我就会“啊哈”和“哦，真的吗？”)”可知，从作者和朋友之间的对话可以了解到作为成年人她们有不同的兴趣和生活。故选A。 【38题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第八段倒第二句“In the years since I left, my friends have matured into responsible adults, but I’m stuck in another place entirely, more comfortable in a local bus traveling along the edge of a Himalayan mountain.(在我离开后的几年里，我的朋友们已经成熟为负责任的成年人，但我却完全被困在了另一个地方，坐在一辆沿着喜马拉雅山脉边缘行驶的当地巴士上更舒服。)”可知，“If they are all grownups now, what does that make me?（如果他们现在都是大人了，那我算什么?）”的意思是不同的经历塑造了个人的人生道路。故选D。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。根据前两段“Australia looks browner and flatter than I remembered; it’s dry grass here and there dotted with tough bushes and unremarkable buildings. The lighting is violently intense.My friend keeps talking in the driver’s seat and I respond with ‘Ah-huh’ and ‘Oh really?’ to appear interested in her string of gossip about people whose faces I have long forgotten, whose stories I’ve stopped caring about.(澳大利亚看起来比我记忆中的更棕色、更平坦；这里到处都是干草，点缀着坚韧的灌木丛和不起眼的建筑。灯光非常强烈。我的朋友坐在驾驶座上不停地说话，我的回应是“啊哈”和“哦，真的吗？”表现出对她那一串关于我早已忘记的人的闲话感兴趣，那些人的故事我也不再关心了。)”和最后一段“People say that travel changes you, but I never anticipated it would be like this. I close my eyes and return to the excitement of being sped at 565 miles per hour to somewhere foreign and wild. But I must stay this time. My dad has been diagnosed with a serious illness and so here I am, back in reality, back to my roots.(人们都说旅行会改变你，但我从来没有想到会是这样。我闭上眼睛，重新回到以每小时565英里的速度驶向异国荒野的兴奋中。但这次我必须留下来。我的父亲被诊断出患有一种严重的疾病，所以我回到了现实，回到了我的根。)”可知，文章主要描述了作者在回到家乡澳大利亚之后的失落心情。故选A。 （B） A Beginner’s Guide to Goal Setting for Teens Are you trying to get into your dream college? Hoping to make it into the school basketball team next year? Or maybe get an A in chemistry? Regardless of what your goal is or how big it is, if you’re a young person who wants to accomplish something, you’ve come to the right place. This guide to goal setting for teens is definitely for you! When it comes to goal setting, SMART goals are the top dog. This well-established tool for goal setting is highly influenced by Locke and Latham’s goal setting theory and used by almost every major company out there. If there’s one tool for goal setting for teens to understand, it’s this one. You’ll probably encounter it later on in university or your career as well too! When creating a SMART goal, here’s what you need to consider... A SMARI goal is... Specific→State exactly what you will accomplish Measurable→Progress is trackable and you will know when you achieve it Attainable→It is possible for you to achieve the goal Relevant→It is consistent with your values, interests and other goals Timely→Includes fair, but firm deadlines Where to start? 1. Start by thinking about your whole job and the broad areas (or “buckets”) of responsibility and results over which you have control. 2. Develop a goal statement for each bucket. To get the scale right, remember to focus on end results, rather than tasks. 3. Goals should be high level enough to include the core outcomes for which you are responsible, but specific and clear enough so you will be able to measure success. 4. Goals should be on-going job responsibilities and any new projects and assignments that are specific to this performance cycle. 5. Having too many goals can be an indicator that your goals are defined at too detailed a level and are focused more on tasks than on end results. 6. If it seems that your goals are becoming too many and focus on individual tasks, it may be helpful to consider combining several goal statements into a broader outcome area. 40. The author recommends SMART most probably because ______. A. he is a trainer for a major company B. it is a tool well supported by theory C. the readers need it for their future life D. teens are big dreamers but not doers 41. Xiao Ming, an average high school student, writes the following goal for the new semester: My goal is to raise my scores above 90（out of 100） in all my classes this semester because getting good scores will help me get into a good college. Which two criteria of SMART are seriously missing in Xiao Ming’s goal statement? A. Relevant, Measurable. B. Specific, Attainable. C. Measurable, Attainable. D. Relevance, Timely. 42. According to the guide’s Where to Start, which is the most important factor to consider? A. The sense of responsibility. B. The measurement of success. C. A good knowledge of tasks. D. The right level of goals. 【答案】40. B 41. D 42. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要为青少年如何设定目标提供了说明和指导。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“This well-established tool for goal setting is highly influenced by Locke and Latham’s goal setting theory and used by almost every major company out there.(这个完善的目标设定工具深受洛克和莱瑟姆的目标设定理论的影响，几乎被所有大公司所使用。)”可知，作者推荐SMART最可能的原因是这是一个受到洛克和莱瑟姆的目标设定理论支持的工具。故选B。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。小明的目标是“My goal is to raise my scores above 90 (out of 100) in all my classes this semester because getting good scores will help me get into a good college.(我的目标是本学期所有课程的成绩都要提高到90分以上（满分100分），因为取得好成绩可以帮助我进入一所好大学)”，根据表格中的“Relevant→It is consistent with your values, interests and other goals(相关→它与您的价值观，兴趣和其他目标一致)”和“Timely→Includes fair, but firm deadlines(适时→包括公平但严格的截止日期)”可知，小明的目标中缺乏与他的价值观、兴趣和其他目标一致的相关内容，并且没有目标达成的截止日期。故选D。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Where to start”部分中的“2. Develop a goal statement for each bucket. To get the scale right, remember to focus on end results, rather than tasks.(2. 为每个目标制定一个目标声明。要获得正确的比例，记住关注最终结果，而不是任务。)”、“3. Goals should be high level enough to include the core outcomes for which you are responsible, but specific and clear enough so you will be able to measure success.(3. 目标应该足够高，包括你负责的核心结果，但也要足够具体和清晰，这样你才能衡量成功。)”、“4. Goals should be on-going job responsibilities and any new projects and assignments that are specific to this performance cycle.(4. 目标应该是正在进行的工作职责以及特定于此绩效周期的任何新项目和任务。)”、“5. Having too many goals can be an indicator that your goals are defined at too detailed a level and are focused more on tasks than on end results.(5. 目标太多可能表明你的目标定义得太详细，更关注任务而不是最终结果。)”和“6. If it seems that your goals are becoming too many and focus on individual tasks, it may be helpful to consider combining several goal statements into a broader outcome area.(6. 如果你的目标似乎变得太多，并且集中在单个任务上，那么考虑将几个目标声明合并到一个更广泛的结果领域可能会有所帮助。)”可知，这几条内容说明了制定目标要注意平衡，目标既要足够高，又要明确和清晰；应该是正在进行的工作职责以及特定于此绩效周期的任何新项目和任务；既不能将目标定得过于繁琐、注重具体任务，也不能过于宽泛，核心在于把握目标的“层次”或“范围”是否合适。故选D。 （C） Yet another year witnesses Britain’s high streets in continuous decline as across the country doors are closing and stores are shutting down, ranging from the corner post office and pub to famous names like Marks & Spencer. Similar to the climate crisis and the spoiling of the countryside, the challenges of urban geography go unnoticed because their impact is local. But the world is composed of locals. High streets are commonly perceived by planners as places where people engage in shopping, but they are not as a matter of fact; rather, they are places of character, where people gather, communicate and feel at home in company. Their shops can be replaced by out-of-town supermarkets, and now by online stores. But their society is irreplaceable. The future outlook for high street shops appears pessimistic. Online shopping is forecast to account for 40% of spending by 2030．In Britain, moreover, governments have done all they can to kill off high streets, allowing out-of-town centers to replace the high street wherever they wanted, while high streets everywhere have had the commercial lifeblood sucked from them. Vast stretches of countryside have disappeared due to car-dependent shoppers at supermarkets, which will soon lie as deserted as petrol stations. This was mindless planning. Meanwhile, the British government has dealt death blows to town centre shops with murderous business rates, while letting off out-of-town commerce virtually free. British high streets are gradually transitioning towards the experience economy. Surviving shops focus on beauty fitness, coffee, charity and loans. Interestingly, too, the number of bookshops is actually rising, A more intelligent government initiative has been the modest £40m boost to Historic England’s “heritage (遗产) action zones”, driven by evidence that smartening up old high streets makes them attractive destinations to casual shoppers or just visitors. If there is social wrong that cries out for a solution it is personal isolation, as the bonds that once held people of all ages within the warmth of community are disintegrating. This issue extends from the depression of young digital natives to the underlying pain of old age, not ill-health, but loneliness. The conventional institutions of the high street—the pub, the library, the police station—all traditionally served to provide comfort to ease such troubles. However, the driving force behind these connections now must become more than the mere necessity to shop. 43. What is the author’s purpose in including the sentence: “But the world is composed of locals.”（para.1）? A. To explain the sweeping force of online shopping around the world. B. To express disappointment at the neglect of issues like climate change. C. To emphasize the role of local communities in the well-being of society. D. To introduce the topic of widespread landscape changes at the local level. 44. What do we learn from the passage about the survival of some shops? A. They receive government funding as historic sites. B. They are undergoing the change of business models. C. They are moving towards e-commerce with difficulty. D. They can still attract a steady stream of loyal shoppers. 45. It can be inferred from the passage that ______. A. the tradition of community building should be valued B. the national character can make British society superior C. the new needs of younger generations must be satisfied D. the economic role of high streets has to be strengthened 46. The passage is mainly abouts ______. A. the impact of online business on British economy B. the change of business in British high street shops C. the cultural significance of British town centre shops D. the discrimination of British governments’ tax policies 【答案】43. C 44. B 45. A 46. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了英国高街商店的衰落及其对社会的影响，同时探讨了高街商店在社区建设中的重要性以及其未来的转型方向。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“But the world is composed of locals.(但世界是由当地人组成的)”以及根据第二段“High streets are commonly perceived by planners as places where people engage in shopping, but they are not as a matter of fact; rather, they are places of character, where people gather, communicate and feel at home in company. Their shops can be replaced by out-of-town supermarkets, and now by online stores. But their society is irreplaceable.(高街通常被规划者认为是人们购物的地方，但事实并非如此；相反，它们是充满个性的地方，人们在这里聚会、交流，有宾至如归的感觉。他们的商店可以被外地超市取代，现在又被网上商店取代。但是他们的社会是不可替代的)”可知，作者通过这句话强调了本地社区在社会福祉中的重要性。故选C项。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“British high streets are gradually transitioning towards the experience economy. Surviving shops focus on beauty, fitness, coffee, charity and loans.(英国的高街商店正逐渐向体验经济转型。幸存的商店专注于美容、健身、咖啡、慈善和贷款)”可知，一些商店正在经历商业模式的转变。故选B。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“If there is social wrong that cries out for a solution, it is personal isolation, as the bonds that once held people of all ages within the warmth of community are disintegrating.(如果有一个迫切需要解决的社会问题，那就是个人孤立，因为曾经将各个年龄段的人们团结在社区温暖中的纽带正在瓦解)”可推知，传统的社区建设应该得到重视。故选A。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Yet another year witnesses Britain’s high streets in continuous decline as across the country doors are closing and stores are shutting down, ranging from the corner post office and pub to famous names like Marks & Spencer. Similar to the climate crisis and the spoiling of the countryside, the challenges of urban geography go unnoticed because their impact is local.(又一年见证了英国商业街的持续衰退，从街角的邮局和酒吧到像玛莎百货这样的知名品牌，全国各地的大门都在关闭，商店也在关闭。与气候危机和对农村的破坏类似，城市地理的挑战也没有引起人们的注意，因为它们的影响是局部的)”根据最后一段“The conventional institutions of the high street—the pub, the library, the police station—all traditionally served to provide comfort to ease such troubles. However, the driving force behind these connections now must become more than the mere necessity to shop.(大街上的传统机构——酒吧、图书馆、警察局——传统上都是为缓解这些麻烦而提供安慰的。然而，这些联系背后的驱动力现在必须变得不仅仅是购物的需要)”可知，主要讨论了英国高街商店的衰落及其对社会的影响，同时探讨了高街商店在社区建设中的重要性以及其未来的转型方向。所以短文主要关于英国商业街商店的商业变化。故选B项。 Section C （8%） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Health Risk in Space On May 30, 2023, China achieved a significant milestone by successfully launching three astronauts to its fully operational space station aboard the Shenzhou 16 spacecraft. This brought the population in orbit at the same time to a record high of 17. With more countries planning missions and commercial companies bringing people to space, opportunities for human space travel are rapidly expanding. ___47___ Since NASA wants to send a manned mission to Mars in the 2030s, scientists need to find solutions sooner rather than later. The Earth has a protective barrier, which is the area of space around a planet that is controlled by its magnetic field (磁场) and blocks radiation. ___48___. As the equivalent between 150 and 6,000 chest X-rays, this level of radiation can harm the human body, leading to heart disease. In addition, it can make the blood-brain barrier leak, exposing the brain to chemicals and proteins that are harmful to it. Astronauts must be well protected on future long-duration missions beyond low-Earth orbit. NASA is developing technology that can protect travelers on a Mars mission from radiation by building radiation-resistant materials into space vehicles and spacesuits. ___49___ Developing ways to reduce the effects of space radiation will enable missions other than traveling in space. ___50___ For example, products that protect astronauts from space radiation and reduce its harmful effects on the human body can also treat cancer patients receiving radiation treatments. A. However, astronauts traveling farther than the space station will face continuous exposure to this radiation. B. Medical and technological advances in the field bring benefits on Earth. C. Space exploration has led to many technological achievements advancing water treatment and satellite systems. D. Certain diets also bring the effects of radiation to a minimum. E. Despite the progress, traveling to space poses risks to the human body. F. NASA is planning dedicated extended-duration research on the space station. 【答案】47. E 48. A 49. F 50. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是太空辐射对宇航员健康的影响及未来火星任务中可能采取的防护措施。 【47题详解】 根据上文的“With more countries planning missions and commercial companies bringing people to space, opportunities for human space travel are rapidly expanding.(随着更多国家计划太空任务以及商业公司将人们送入太空，人类太空旅行的机会正在迅速扩大。)”可知，人类太空旅行的机会迅速增加，结合下文的“Since NASA wants to send a manned mission to Mars in the 2030s, scientists need to find solutions sooner rather than later.(由于NASA计划在2030年代派遣载人任务前往火星，科学家需要尽快找到解决方案，而不是拖延。)”可知，NASA计划在21世纪30年代执行载人火星任务，需要尽快解决健康问题，由此可知，此空为承上启下的作用，E选项“Despite the progress, traveling to space poses risks to the human body.(尽管取得了进展，前往太空仍然对人体构成风险。)”中的“progress”承接了上文的“太空旅行机会的扩大”，且引出下文介绍的要解决“太空旅行对身体的威胁”这一问题，符合语境。故选E项。 【48题详解】 根据上文的“The Earth has a protective barrier, which is the area of space around a planet that is controlled by its magnetic field (磁场) and blocks radiation.(地球有一个保护屏障，这是由行星的磁场控制的周围空间区域，能够阻挡辐射。)”可知，地球磁场对辐射有保护作用，结合下文的“As the equivalent between 150 and 6,000 chest X-rays, this level of radiation can harm the human body, leading to heart disease.(这种水平的辐射相当于150到6000次胸部X光检查的辐射量，可能会对人体造成伤害，导致心脏病。)”可知，辐射对人体的危害严重，由此可知，此空应与上文为转折关系，引出下文，A选项“However, astronauts traveling farther than the space station will face continuous exposure to this radiation.(然而，比空间站更远的宇航员将面临这种辐射的持续暴露。)”讲述的内容与上文为转折关系，符合逻辑，且引出下文介绍辐射对人体的危害，其中的radiation为解题关键信息。故选A项。 【49题详解】 根据上文的“Astronauts must be well protected on future long-duration missions beyond low-Earth orbit. NASA is developing technology that can protect travelers on a Mars mission from radiation by building radiation-resistant materials into space vehicles and spacesuits.(宇航员在未来超越低地球轨道的长期任务中必须得到良好的保护。NASA正在开发能够通过在航天器和太空服中加入抗辐射材料来保护火星任务中的旅行者免受辐射的技术。)”可知，NASA正在开发技术来保护火星任务中的旅行者免受辐射，由此可知，此处应继续讲述如何减少辐射影响的方法，F选项“NASA is planning dedicated extended-duration research on the space station.(NASA计划在空间站进行专门的延长时长研究。)”讲述的内容与本段的主题吻合，同时说明了NASA在保护火星任务中的旅行者免受辐射的研究计划，承接了上文中“正在开发技术保护火星任务中的旅行者免受辐射”，符合语境。故选F项。 【50题详解】 根据上文的“Developing ways to reduce the effects of space radiation will enable missions other than traveling in space.(开发减少太空辐射影响的方法将使除太空旅行之外的任务成为可能。)”可知，本段介绍的是减少太空辐射效应的方法不仅限于太空旅行，结合下文“For example, products that protect astronauts from space radiation and reduce its harmful effects on the human body can also treat cancer patients receiving radiation treatments.(例如，能够保护宇航员免受太空辐射并减少其对人体有害影响的产品，也可以用于治疗接受放射治疗的癌症患者。)”可知，此空讲述的内容与这些方法对其他领域的益处相关，B选项“Medical and technological advances in the field bring benefits on Earth.(该领域的医疗和技术进步为地球带来了益处。)”与本段的主题吻合，且引出下文列举的这些方法对医疗领域的益处的实例，符合语境。故选B项。 III．Summary Writing （10%） 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. Will Translation Apps Make Learning Foreign Languages Unnecessary? Between 2009 and 2013, one American college closed its foreign language program; between 2013 and 2017, 651 others did the same. At first glance, these statistics look tragic. But I am starting to believe that maybe they are not. What is changing my mind is technology. Before last Christmas, for example, I was introduced to ChatGPT by someone who had it write on a certain topic in my “style.” Fascinating enough. But then it was told to translate the article into Russian. It did so, instantly to produce the Russian that was remarkably functional. And what about spoken language? I was in Belgium not long ago, and I watched various tourists from a variety of nations use instant speech translation apps to translate their own languages into English and French. I don’t think these tools will ever make learning foreign languages completely unnecessary. What is implied in the natural flow of casual conversation cannot be translated by a program, at least not in a fully human way. For example, when I announce “Tomorrow I start my diet,” I sound dramatic, suggesting that I may have delayed the diet until now. A typical translation would simply have me saying “Tomorrow I am going to start my diet,” which is a more straightforward statement of a future plan. But even if it may fail at genuine conversation — for now, at least — technology is removing most of the need to learn foreign languages for more practical purposes. The old-school language textbook examples, of people reserving hotel rooms or ordering meals in the language of the country they are visiting will now be out of date. And most people are interested much less in how they are saying things, and which language they are saying them in, than in what they are saying. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 This article discusses whether translation applications will make learning foreign languages unnecessary. Statistics makes the author believe it was unnecessary to learn foreign languages. However, an experience of using ChatGPT convinced the author that translation applications will never make learning foreign languages completely unnecessary, as implicit content in the natural flow of casual conversation cannot be translated by a program. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了翻译应用程序是否会使学习外语变得不必要。统计数据使作者认为没有必要学习外语。然而，使用ChatGPT的经验让作者相信，翻译应用程序永远不会让学习外语变得完全没有必要，因为随意对话的自然流中的隐含内容无法被程序翻译。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Will Translation Apps Make Learning Foreign Languages Unnecessary? ②Between 2009 and 2013, one American college closed its foreign language program; between 2013 and 2017, 651 others did the same. At first glance, these statistics look tragic. ③Before last Christmas, for example, I was introduced to ChatGPT by someone who had it write on a certain topic in my “style.” ④But then it was told to translate the article into Russian. It did so, instantly to produce the Russian that was remarkably functional. ⑤I don’t think these tools will ever make learning foreign languages completely unnecessary. What is implied in the natural flow of casual conversation cannot be translated by a program, at least not in a fully human way. 2缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点分别进行改写，将第3、4、5三个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 This article discusses whether translation applications will make learning foreign languages unnecessary. Statistics makes the author believe it was unnecessary to learn foreign languages. However, an experience of using ChatGPT convinced the author that translation applications will never make learning foreign languages completely unnecessary, as implicit content in the natural flow of casual conversation cannot be translated by a program. 【点睛】[高分句型1] This article discusses whether translation applications will make learning foreign languages unnecessary. (运用whether宾语从句总结全文大意) [高分句型2] However, an experience of using ChatGPT convinced the author that translation applications will never make learning foreign languages completely unnecessary, as implicit content in the natural flow of casual conversation cannot be translated by a program. (用that宾语从句和as原因状语从句说明作者的观点及其原因) IV．Translation （15%） Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 你觉得在你们小区给电动车充电方便吗？（convenient）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________ 【答案】Do you think it is convenient to charge electric vehicles in your community? 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词和固定句型。句子陈述事实，时态用一般现在时；表示“你觉得……吗？”用句型“Do you think...?”，后接宾语从句，表示“在你们小区给电动车充电方便”，用陈述语序；convenient为形容词，表示“方便的”，固定句型it’s convenient to do sth.表示“做某事方便”，表示“给……充电”用动词charge，“电动车”可译为electric vehicle，故“给电动车充电”译为charge electric vehicles，表示“在你们小区”用in your community。故全句译为Do you think it is convenient to charge electric vehicles in your community? 53. 回顾高中生活，我对所有老师和同学们充满感激之情。（grateful）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________ 【答案】Looking back on my high school life, I am very grateful to all my teachers and classmates. 【解析】 【详解】考查现在分词和固定短语。句子陈述事实，可用一般现在时。“回顾”是动词短语look back on，和主语I是逻辑主动关系，look back on用现在分词形式作状语，“我的高中生活”为my high school life；“对……感激”为be grateful to，主语为I，be动词用am，副词very作状语修饰形容词grateful；“所有老师和同学们”为all my teachers and classmates。故翻译为：Looking back on my high school life, I am very grateful to all my teachers and classmates. 54. 这位运动员让我印象深刻的是，他拒绝让别人的低期望束缚自己并最终成为世界冠军。（define）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________ 【答案】What impressed me about this athlete is that he refused to let others’ low expectations define him and ultimately became a world champion. 【解析】 【详解】考查主语从句、表语从句、动词、副词和名词。表示“这位运动员让我印象深刻的”可理解为“就这位运动员让我印象深刻的”可译为连接代词what引导的主语从句作主语，what在从句中作主语，表示“让我印象深刻”为impress me，根据句意，该句描述的为过去发生的事情，所以此处使用一般过去时，所以谓语动词为impressed，表示“就这位运动员”为about this athlete，所以主语从句译为“what impressed me about this athlete”；表示“是”为be动词，作主句的谓语，结合句意，此处描述的是客观事实，所以此处使用一般现在时，主语为主语从句，所以be动词为is；表示“他拒绝让别人的低期望束缚自己并最终成为世界冠军”为表语从句作表语，表示“他”为he作从句主语，表示“拒绝”为refuse，结合句意，该句描述的为过去发生的事情，所以此处使用一般过去时，所以谓语动词为refused，根据refuse to do sth.意为“拒绝做某事”可知，表示“拒绝让别人的低期望”为refused to let others’ low expectations，其中的others’ low expectations作let的宾语，表示“束缚自己”define him，根据let sb. do sth.可知，此处应为省to的不定式作宾补，所以“拒绝让别人的低期望束缚自己”为refused to let others’ low expectations define him，表示“并”为并列连词and，表示“最终”为ultimately作状语修饰动词“成为”，表示“成为世界冠军”为become a world champion，与谓语动词refused为并列关系，所以此处使用一般过去时，谓语动词为became，所以表语从句可译为he refused to let others’ low expectations define him and ultimately became a world champion，表语从句中不缺句子成分，且句意完整，所以使用连接词that引导表语从句，位于句首单词首字母需大写。故翻译为What impressed me about this athlete is that he refused to let others’ low expectations define him and ultimately became a world champion. 55. 影片哪吒，改编自中国民间故事，以其生动鲜明的角色，引人入胜的故事情节和高质量的特效，吸引了各个年龄层次的观众。（which）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________ 【答案】The film Ne Zha, which is adapted from Chinese folk tales, attracts audiences of all ages with its vivid and distinct characters, engaging plot, and high-quality special effects. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态、定语从句。表示“影片哪吒”用the film Ne Zha，作主语，句首单词，首字母大写。表示“以……吸引……”用attract...with...，句子描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语The film Ne Zha为第三人称单数，谓语也用第三人称单数attracts。表示“各个年龄层次的观众”用audiences of all ages，作attracts的宾语。表示“生动鲜明的角色，引人入胜的故事情节和高质量的特效”用its vivid and distinct characters, engaging plot, and high-quality special effects，作with的宾语。表示“改编自中国民间故事”用非限制性定语从句，从句中：先行词是The film Ne Zha，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导；表示“改编自”用be adapted from，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用is；表示“中国民间故事”用Chinese folk tales，作from的宾语。故翻译为：The film Ne Zha, which is adapted from Chinese folk tales, attracts audiences of all ages with its vivid and distinct characters, engaging plot, and high-quality special effects. V．Guided Writing （25%） 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学的高三学生李华，你在小红书上结识的美国朋友Jack对于“虎妈”之类反映中国家庭教育的词汇特别感兴趣。请回信分享你的看法。你的回信，要求包含以下内容： 1．简单介绍下中国家庭教育的情况； 2．通过自己的经历谈谈你的看法。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Dear Jack, I’m glad to hear that you’re interested in Chinese parenting styles, especially terms like “Tiger Mom.” In China, family education often emphasizes academic success and discipline. Parents, especially mothers, are known for setting high expectations and pushing their children to excel in school. This approach is rooted in the belief that hard work and achievement lead to a better future. As a high school student, I’ve experienced both the pressure and the benefits of this parenting style. My parents have always encouraged me to study hard and aim for top grades. While it can be stressful at times, their support has helped me develop discipline and perseverance. However, I also believe that balance is important. Parents should not only focus on academics but also encourage creativity and personal growth. Overall, Chinese parenting has its strengths, but it’s essential to find a middle ground to ensure children’s well-being. Best regards, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。美国朋友Jack对于“虎妈”之类反映中国家庭教育的词汇特别感兴趣，要求考生按照要求回信分享自己的看法。 【详解】1.词汇积累 高兴的：glad → delighted 强调：emphasize → stress 方法：approach → method 成就：achievement → accomplishment 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：I’m glad to hear that you’re interested in Chinese parenting styles, especially terms like “Tiger Mom.” 拓展句：Hearing that you’re interested in Chinese parenting styles, especially terms like “Tiger Mom.”, I feel glad. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m glad to hear that you’re interested in Chinese parenting styles, especially terms like “Tiger Mom.”（运用了that引导的宾语从句） 【高分句型2】This approach is rooted in the belief that hard work and achievement lead to a better future.（运用了that引导的同位语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$