阅读理解之主旨大意 课件-2025届高三下学期英语二轮复习专项

高考英语阅读理解之 主旨大意突破 1 通过略读，捕捉文中的关键词句，把握篇章和段落结构，梳理篇章和段落的行文脉络，从而弄清作者的写作思路，最终归纳出主旨大意。 主旨大意题 概述 考查主要有以下三种：归纳段落大意、理解全文主旨和选定最佳标题。 纵观近几年的高考，阅读理解中每年都有考查主旨大意的题目，虽然所占比重不太大，但是难度较大，是考生较容易失分的题型，应给予足够的重视。 能力要求 主要考查方式 技法1 段落大意题 考查能力： 对段落核心信息的理解，要求考生在理解段落内容的基础上, 提炼出核心信息，然后对比选项，选出最契合段落主要内容的选项。 常见设问方式有： What is the first/second/...paragraph mainly about? What does paragraph...mainly talk about? What does the writer try to express in paragraph...? [典例1]　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读B) 3 Leigh Tindale's dog Charlie had a serious heart condition.After Charlie had a heart attack，Tindale says，she was prepared to put him to sleep，but Farber's treatments eased her dog's suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months.And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse，Nappy，“moves more easily and rides more comfortably”after a chiropractic(按摩疗法) adjustment. 26．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B．The complexity of veterinarians' work. C．Examples of rare animal diseases. D．The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 第一步：找题干关键词，明确范围 第二步：找对应段落，看段首句/段位句，若不能归纳；则留意段落中一些转折词but, however等后面的内容。 第三步：对比分析选项 图解技法 主旨大意题之选项特征 ________强 _______恰当 _______到位 _______范围 ________全 ________柱 概括性 范围 精准 ________有 扩大 以偏概 偷梁换 无中生 1 Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced still ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water... △ What is the main idea of the paragraph 1? A. People remember well what they learned in childhood. B. Children have a better memory than grown-ups. C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words. D. Stories for children are easy to remember. Practice 1 第一步：找题干关键词，明确范围 第二步：找对应段落，看段首句/段位句，若不能归纳；则留意段落中一些转折词but, however等后面的内容。 第三步：对比分析选项 (浙江卷) Homes today could be built to last just as long as those old homes if people were willing or able to pay the price. For example, more people can no longer afford solid oak stairways, although they were once fairly common in older homes ... And not only would these carpenters know how to build them, they would probably do a better job than carpenters of old. △ What does the third paragraph mainly discuss? A. People in the past preferred to use oak to build stairways. B. It is now expensive to employ a carpenter. C. Modern houses last as long as the old ones. D. Good carpenters still exist in modern times. Practice 2 第一步：找题干关键词，明确范围 第二步：找对应段落，看段首句/段位句，若不能归纳；则留意段落中一些转折词but, however等后面的内容。 第三步：对比分析选项 技法2 标题归纳题 考查考生把握文章主旨、理解文章中心思想的能力，要求考生在理解文章的基础上运用判断、归纳、概括等方法，对文章的主题进行提炼或高度概括，最终准确地选出文章的标题。 常见设问方式有： Which is the most suitable title for the text? What can be a suitable title for the text? Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? Which of the following can serve as the best title for the passage? 能力要求： [典例2]　(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读B) Turning soil，pulling weeds，and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids.And at first it is，says Abby Jaramillo，who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts，a school garden program at four low-income schools.The program aims to help students develop science skills，environmental awareness，and healthy lifestyles. Jaramillo's students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores.“The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks，” she says.“They come to us thinking vegetables are awful，dirt is awful，insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt，most are eager to try something new. Urban Sprouts' classes，at two middle schools and two high schools，include hands-on experiments such as soil testing，flower-and-seed dissection，tastings of fresh or dried produce，and work in the garden.Several times a year，students cook the vegetables they grow，and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools. Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes.“We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they're eating differently，” Jaramillo says. She adds that the program's benefits go beyond nutrition.Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens.Besides，working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special education students，many of whom have emotional control issues.“They get outside，” she says，“and they feel successful.” 27．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Rescuing School Gardens B．Experiencing Country Life C．Growing Vegetable Lovers D．Changing Local Landscape 第一步：读文章; 通过串联每段的主题句（通常是首句/尾句，或者含有转折词but,however等词的句子）理清文章结构 第二步：分析选项意思 第三步，对比第一步获取的文章信息与选项，得出正确答案 图解技法 On Mondays, two of my children get ready for school in an unusual way. Each packs plenty of food and water, a pair of rubber boots and sometimes a cup of hot chocolate. Then, I drop them off at a nearby park where they spend the entire day outside at a certified forest school. When I first signed them up for forest school program, I loved the idea, but as a mum, I was concerned about a few things: Would they be comfortable outside for that long? Would they stay engaged for that many hours? Then I asked them if time ever seemed to move slowly, they stared at me in confusion. They didn’t understand my question, which fittingly removed it. In this program, kids direct their own play, climbing tall trees or testing ice on the frozen lake. They are never told their play is too high or too sharp, but are rather trusted to self- adjust. Something else my sons appreciate about forest school is not being told to move on to the next activity, but being left to stay in a particular spot for as long as their curiosity allows. I appreciate it that forest school is shaping my boys’ relationship with the outdoors. They’re learning how to spend extended periods of time in nature, what to do to pass the time, and developing knowledge that will get them much closer to nature in the coming decades. 1. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Nature: a wonderland for the young B. Forest school program proves a hit C. Parks are replacing traditional schools D. Forest school: a fine place for my kids 第一步：读文章; 通过串联每段的主题句（通常是首句/尾句，或者含有转折词but,however等词的句子）理清文章结构 第二步：分析选项意思 第三步，对比第一步获取的文章信息与选项，得出正确答案 Practice 1 Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role — showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget. ... The eight-part series(系列)-----“Save Money: Good Food”, follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money: Good Health. With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes. Practice 2 Q: What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart. B. Balancing Our Daily Diet. C. Making yourself a Perfect Chef. D. Cooking Well for Less. 第一步：读文章; 通过串联每段的主题句（通常是首句/尾句，或者含有转折词but,however等词的句子）理清文章结构 第二步：分析选项意思 第三步，对比第一步获取的文章信息与选项，得出正确答案 技法3 文章大意题 在速读中准确掌握全文主旨的能力。 在理解全文内容的基础上，通过归纳概括、推理判断等逻辑思维活动， 概括出全文主旨。 常见设问方式有： What is the text mainly about? What's the main idea of the text? What is mainly talked about in the text? 能力要求： [典例3]　(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读C) We all know fresh is best when it comes to food.However，most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table.While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey，Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system.It can be set up for a family.Additionally，it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital，restaurant or school.The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically，it's a farm that relies on new technology.By connecting through the Cloud，BMF is remotely monitored.Also，there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time.Because the system is automated，it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants.Rather than watering rows of soil，the system provides just the right amount to each plant.After harvest，users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover，having a system in the same building where it's eaten means zero emissions (排放)from transporting plants from soil to salad.In addition，there's no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives.About half of them walk or bike to work.Inside the office，they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.“We are passionate about reducing waste，carbon and chemicals in our environment，” said a BMF employee. 31．What does the text mainly talk about? A．BMF's major strengths. B．BMF's general management. C．BMF's global influence. D．BMF's technical standards. 第一步：读文章; 通过串联每段的主题句（通常是首句/尾句，或者含有转折词but,however等词的句子）理清文章结构 第二步：分析选项意思 第三步，对比第一步获取的文章信息与选项，得出正确答案 图解技法 Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, ……Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them. Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number… At present, the world has about 6,800 languages…Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), ----none of these seems to have much chance of survival. Q: What is the main idea of the text? New languages will be created. B. People’s lifestyles are reflected in languages. C. Human development results in fewer languages. D. Geography determines language evolution. Practice 1 第一步：读文章; 通过串联每段的主题句（通常是首句/尾句，或者含有转折词but,however等词的句子）理清文章结构 第二步：分析选项意思 第三步，对比第一步获取的文章信息与选项，得出正确答案 With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation (孤独), more families are choosing to live together. The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law: she lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.It's hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time. Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2001 to 419,000 in 2013. Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common. Some people live with their elderly parents; many more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left. It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991. The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million. Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted. In India, particularly outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husband's family when they get married. Q: What is the text mainly about? A. Lifestyles in different countries. B. Conflicts between generations. C. A housing problem in Britain. D. A rising trend of living in the UK. Practice 2 第一步：读文章; 通过串联每段的主题句（通常是首句/尾句，或者含有转折词but,however等词的句子）理清文章结构 第二步：分析选项意思 第三步，对比第一步获取的文章信息与选项，得出正确答案 $$