阅读理解之推断判断 课件-2025届高三下学期英语一轮复习专项

Strategies for Inference in Reading Comprehension 阅读理解解题策略 之推理判断 更多模板请关注：https://haosc.taobao.com 目录 CONTENTS Activity 1: Analysis of Inference Questions 《考试大纲》中对阅读做出明确要求——考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能： 1.理解主旨和要义； 　2.获取具体信息； 　3.根据语境猜测词义； 　4.根据语境推理判断； 　5.理解作者的意图、观点或态度； 　6.把握文章的逻辑和结构。 Ⅰ. Analysis of Inference Questions 年份 卷别 体裁 细节理解 推理判断 词句猜测 主旨大意 2024 新课标 I卷 应用文-记叙文 说明文-说明文 5 8 1 1 新课标II卷 应用文-新闻报道 说明文-说明文 6 7 1 1 2023 新课标 I卷 应用文-记叙文 说明文-议论文 7 6 1 1 新课标II卷 应用文-记叙文 说明文-说明文 8 5 1 1 2022 新课标 I卷 应用文·夹叙夹议文 记叙文·说明文 8 5 1 1 新课标II卷 应用文-记叙文 说明文-说明文 7 5 2 1 2022-2024年高考阅读理解题型考情 考点要求 考题统计 考情分析 引申推断 3年15考 【命题规律】 根据新高考三年的考情分析，推理判断题主要集中考查：引申推断、目的和意图、作者态度。有时考查文章出处、文章走势、读者对象、文章结构、写作方法等。所有这些都是新课标中明确指出的考试形式，我们都不能忽视，切勿掉以轻心。 【命题预测】 2025年高考还会考查推理判断题，一般在试卷中考查占50%以上的阅读理解小题的比率。以考查引申推断、目的和意图、作者态度为主。 文章出处 3年6考 目的和意图 3年12考 预测文章走势 3年1考 写作态度 3年4考 稿定PPT 稿定PPT，海量素材持续更新，上千款模板选择总有一款适合你 02 知识构建 1 隐含推断题 2 观点态度题 4 推断文章出处题 3 写作意图题 5 归纳人物/事物特征题 能力要求 根据文章中的信息(某个或某些句子、段落或全文的信息)进行 合理的、适度的逻辑推断。 推断出作者没有直接说明的内容、可能会发生的事情或者事物的特征等，理解作者的言外之意或深层含义。 技法1 隐含推断题 隐含推断题常见设问方式归纳： What can we infer/learn about...from the last/first/...paragraph? What does the author indicate/want to say/want to show by...? The writer/author indicates/suggests/implies that ________． (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读C) Digital texts，audio and video all have educational roles，especially when providing resources not available in print. However，for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for，educators shouldn't assume all media are the same，even when they contain identical words. 31．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B．Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C．Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D．Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. 典例1 学生用书 P8 第一步----找题干关键词 第二步---寻找信息句，尤其注意一些表明观点态度的句子 第三步---对比答案 (2023•全国甲卷·D篇节选) Obviously, if precautions(预防) aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome , sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,” says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula. 35.What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Food should be provided for grizzlies. B. People can live in harmony with grizzlies. C.A special path should be built for grizzlies. D. Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies. 例题 2 第一步----找题干关键词 第二步---寻找信息句,尤其注意一些表明观点态度的语句 第三步---对比选项定答案 Tip: 推断隐含意义---关键词句细推敲 隐含推断题 1. 定位信息----确定题干关键词，在文中定位相关信息。 2. 揣摩含义----分析原文信息，利用逆向思维合正向推理,推断其深层含义 3. 对比选项内容,注意两个“切勿” 思路总结 注意：1.切勿拿文章中的某一个细节内容作为推理的结论。 2.切勿脱离原文而凭个人看法主观臆断。 Practice (2025年1月·浙江卷B篇) When I was a child I was often told what not to eat. “You don’t want to get fat” was on constant repeat throughout my childhood. It really messed up my relationship with food — something that took me years to overcome. Because of this, I’m careful not to connect my kid’s weight with their worth. I encourage my daughter to make healthy snack choices and often dissuade (劝阻) her from a second dessert. But one day when I heard her saying “I think I’m too fat,” my heart sank. It made me wonder if giving her advice on snacks was having an unintentionally negative impact. 24. What can be inferred about the author from the first paragraph? A. She is upset by her kid’s weight. B. She is critical of the way she was fed. C. She is interested in making food. D. She is particular about what she eats. 第一步----找题干关键词 第二步---寻找信息句,尤其注意一些表明观点态度的语句 第三步---对比选项定答案 能力要求： 在理解文意的基础上，就作者或文中人物对某个人或事物所持的态度进行推理判断。有时文中没有直接表明相关人物的观点态度的词句，考生需要结合文中描述该人物语气、动作、表情的词句及他人的评价等信息来推断其观点或态度。 技法2 观点态度题 学生用书 P8 常见设问方式有： What is the author's/sb's attitude towards...? What do the researchers/author think of...? How does the author/sb find/feel about...? [典例1] 学生用书 P9 　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读B) “I am not crazy，” says Dr.William Farber，shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit.“I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive，it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.But Farber is certain he'll have the last laugh.He's one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine—combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture，chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. 24．What do some of Farber's coworkers think of him? A．He's odd.　　　 B．He's strict. C．He's brave. D．He's rude. 第一步----找关键词,明确是谁对谁/什么事物 的态度 第二步---寻信息句 锁定描述人物语气/动作/感情的词句或他人的评价(特别注意形容词、副词) 第三步---对比答案 (2023·新课标I卷·D) ……In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.”Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 35. What is the author's attitude toward Navajas'studies? A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving. Practice 例题 2 第一步----找关键词,明确是谁对谁/什么事物 的态度 第二步---寻信息句 锁定描述人物语气/动作/感情的词句或他人的评价(特别注意形容词、副词) 第三步---对比答案 4.推断观点态度---字里行间法 4. 推断观点态度题--- ---“字里行间”法 Tips: 1. 明确是问谁对什么事/什么人的态度 2. 明确主旨(文段首尾), 推测观点 3. 明确是作者或文中人物的观点而非主观臆断 4. 明确表达情感的词的意义, 如valuable, hopeful, well, good, doubt, worry等。 选项中常见的表达观点或态度的词语： (1)表示积极态度的词有: positive 积极乐观的; optimistic乐观的; favorable 赞同的; approving赞成的; supportive支持的; reasonable 合理的；enthusiastic 热情的；satisfied 满意的；humorous,beneficial, hopeful, etc. (2)表示反对、否定、批评等消极态度的词有：disapproving 不赞成的;critical 批评的;negative否定的,消极的; dismissive轻视的；doubtful/ skeptical/suspicious怀疑的;pessimistic 悲观的 impractical 不切实际的；radical 激进的 prejudiced 有偏见的；disappointed 让人失望的；opposed, etc. (3)表示中立、客观以及其他态度的词有:objective 客观的; neutral中立的; unconcerned不关心的; indifferent 漠不关心的;uninterested不感兴趣的; unclear不清楚的；ambiguous 模棱两可的；factual, cautious, impartial(不偏不倚的，中立的),conservative（保守）, etc. (2023·全国甲卷阅读C节选) He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding(解读)their messages and adding his own interpretation. The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire，loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It's worth your time, even if time is something we don't have a lot of. 31. What does the author think of Weiner's book? A. Objective and plain. B. Daring and ambitious. C. Serious and hard to follow. D. Humorous and straightforward. Practice 1 第一步----找题干关键词 第二步---寻找信息句-锁定描述人物语气/动作/感情的词句或他人的评价(特别注意形容词、副词) 第三步---对比答案 practice 2021·新高考卷I阅读D Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis(重视） on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life. 34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence? A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear. √ Practice 2 第一步----找关键词,明确是谁对谁/什么事物 的态度 第二步---寻信息句 锁定描述事物的相关描述和评价(特别注意形容词、副词) 第三步---对比答案 能力要求： 理解文章大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述的内容进行分析和归纳总结的能力。此类题一般从两个角度考查：就某一段落或某个细节提问；就整篇文章提问。 技法3 写作意图题 常见设问方式有： ·What is the author's purpose in mentioning.../with the example...? ·Why does the author list/mention...in paragraph...? ·What is the purpose of the text? ·What does the story/the writer of the story intend to/want to tell us? ·For what purpose did the author write the passage? [典例3]　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读B) 学生用书 P10 Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time，and if the past is any indication，he may be right: Since 1982，membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700.“Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well，” he says.“I will do anything to help an animal.That's my job.” 27．Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association? A．To prove Farber's point. B．To emphasize its importance. C．To praise veterinarians. D．To advocate animal protection. 第一步----找题干关键词 第二步---寻找信息句，找出题干所指内容，直接判断，或者利用段落主题句/上下文内容确定写作意图 第三步---对比选项 例题2 2021·全国乙卷阅读C 改 Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source(来源) of plastic pollution but they’ve recently come under fire and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear. 29. Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3? To show the difficulty of their recycling. B. To explain why they are useful. C. To voice his views on modern art. D. To find a substitute for them. 第三步---对比选项 第一步----找题干关键词 第二步---寻找信息句，找出题干所指内容，直接判断，或者利用段落主题句/上下文内容确定写作意图 根据文章或段落主旨推断作者的写作目的 3. 推断写作意图题--- ---“主旨推意”法 Tips: 开篇提问 引出话题或让读者关注主题 讲述相关之事 引出主题或提供背景 举例、引语或数据 证明某一观点或说明某个主题 文体推断法 议论文 说明文 记叙文 广告文 说明观点，提倡做法 to prove/ analyze /show/ argue / persuade 介绍事物或解释现象 to introduce/ explain/inform.. 讲故事,分享经历，表达情感，感悟或启示 to tell a story/ to share an experience/ to entertain /to inspire 推销产品，吸引顾客、游客 to attract visitors to sell a product to promote(推销)... 新闻报道 to inform/report... (2023·全国甲卷·C) Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher's work in the context (背景)of one thing so that they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates苏格拉底，see like Thoreau梭罗，listen like Schopenhauer叔本华, and have no regrets like Nietzsche尼采. This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life. 29. Why does the author list great philosopher in para 4? A. To compare Weiner with them. B. To give examples of great works. C. To praise their writing skills. D. To help readers understand Weiner's book Practice 第三步---对比选项 第一步----找题干关键词 第二步---寻找信息句，找出题干所指内容，直接判断，或者利用段落主题句/上下文内容确定写作意图 能力要求： 根据语篇的体裁和题材来推断文章的出处和类型。 技法4 文章出处题 常见设问方式有： What is the text? Where can the text be found/is the text probably taken from? In which section of a newspaper may this text appear? Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from? 备考要点： 考生要特别关注报纸、杂志、小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南等类型的语篇特征和文体结构，这样才能根据文章的特点对号入座，选出正确选项。 [典例4]　(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读C) Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book，represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.The image of the reader appears .......... In this “book of books，” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures.We see scenes of......These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago....... 28．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．An introduction to a book. B．An essay on the art of writing. C．A guidebook to a museum. D．A review of modern paintings. 第一步----找题干关键词 第二步---寻找信息句：通过快速阅读段落首句了解文章结构和内容 第三步---对比答案 Tip: 推断隐含意义---关键词句细推敲 2. 推断文章出处题--- 根据文体的结构特征，从文章内容、标志信息来推断其出处。 “文体特征”法 Tips: Practice 2021·全国甲卷阅读A Take a view, the Landscape(风景）Photographer of the Year Award, was the idea of Charlie Waite, one of today’s most respected landscape photographers. Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all corners of the UK and beyond. 23. Where can the text be found? A. In a history book. B. In a novel. C. In an art magazine. D. In a biography. 第一步----找题干关键词 第三步---对比答案 第二步---寻找信息句：通过快速阅读段落首句//尾句//文中的直接介绍，了解文章结构和内容 能力要求： 考生在充分理解文章内容的基础上，对事物或人物的特征进行归纳和概括。充分利用表达感情色彩、态度观点的词汇以及与人、物特征有关联的行为描写和心理描写来归纳和概括特征. 技法 5 归纳事物/人物特征题 常见设问方式有： ·Which of the following best describes...? ·According to the author，which words can best describe the project? 命题的切入点： 一般是体现人的品德、性格、成就、贡献等内容，以及事物的外表特征、品质、功能、作用和地位等内容。 典例5 （2023•新高考全国Ⅱ卷·阅读理解B）………. Programme evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes.“We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says. She adds that the programme’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.” 26.Which of the following best describes the impact of the programme? A. Far-reaching. B. Predictable. C. Short-lived. D. Unidentifiable. 第一步----找题干关键词 第二步---寻找相关细节描述，特别注意描述中所用的 形容词/副词/ 描述性短语 等 第三步---对比答案 5．What do we know about the author's brothers? A．They used to make loud noise. B．They were addicted to playing games. C．They were interested in medicine. D．They distanced the author on purpose. ..... 2 Raised up in a big Michigan family with three brilliant loud science brain brothers，I'd always felt left out by their Disease Game at dinner，where Dad threw out cases for them to diagnose.Our house was their laboratory. I was frequently scared by bees in jars in the refrigerator and pet rats. ......... 例题2 第一步----找题干关键词 第二步---寻找相关细节描述，特别注意描述中所用的 形容词/副词/ 描述性短语 等 第三步---对比答案 图解技法 3.（2025·黑龙江省大庆市高三第二次教学质量检测）I had grown up in suburbia (郊区). Life was satisfying, and I had absolutely no intention to live otherwise. But not long after the skydiving, I was hit by a job offer requiring a move to City Chicago. I took the leap and accepted the job. Now, I am seizing the chance to overcome challenges and the fear of what might lie ahead. What kind of person was the author before skydiving? A．Content and conventional. B．Forgetful and negative. C．Uncaring and inactive. D．Unsociable and anxious. Practice 第三步---对比答案 第一步----找题干关键词 第二步---寻找相关细节描述，特别注意描述中所用的 形容词/副词/ 描述性短语 等 4.推断观点态度---字里行间法 Summary 推理判断题 隐含推断题 推断写作意图题 推断文章出处题 推断观点态度题 关键词句细推敲 “文体特征”法 “主旨推意”法 “字里行间”法 根据关键词，在文中定位相关信息，合理推断 根据文章内容、标志信息和文体的结构特征来推断其出处 根据文章或段落主旨推断作者的写作目的 明确是问谁对什么事的态度；留意作者或文中人物的观点以及表达情感的词/语句 归纳事物/人物特征题 “细节归纳”法 根据关键词，定位信息 归纳判断 Thank you! $$