专题02 Unit1-4重点语法，书面表达归纳-2024-2025学年七年级英语下学期期中复习（沪教版2024）

Unit1-3重点语法，书面表达归纳 Unit1 People around us 冠词 冠词不能单独使用,常用在名词前,用来说明名词所指的人或物。冠词分为不定冠词(a, an)和定冠词(the)两种。此外英语中也有些特定场合不用冠词,即通常所说的零冠词。 一．不定冠词 　　不定冠词a用于以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前,an用于以元音音素开头 的单数可数名词前。以下情况通常用不定冠词: 用法 例子 泛指某人/物或泛指某类人/物 A boy is waiting for you at the school gate.有个男孩在学校门口等你。 A child needs love.孩子需要爱。 表示数量“一”,但数量概念没有one强烈 I have a friend and his name is Ivan.我有一个朋友,他的名字是伊凡。 表示 “每一”,相当于each或per The medicine must be taken three times a day.这种药必须每天服三次。 用在某些固定搭配或习惯表达中 a little 一点 a few 几个 in a hurry匆匆忙忙 have a good time过得愉快 a用在以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前,而不是辅音字母;an用在以元音音素开头的单数可数名词前,而不是元音字母。 a university 一所大学 a European country 一个欧洲国家 an unfinished task 一项未完成的任务 an hour and a half 一个半小时 二．定冠词 　　定冠词用来说明或限定某个特定的人或物。以下情况通常用定冠词: 用法 例子 表示特指,用在双方都知道或上文已经提到的人或物之前 I found a picture in the box. The picture was very beautiful.我在盒子里发现了一幅画。这幅画非常漂亮。 用在可数名词单数前,表示某一类人或事物 The wolf is a wild animal.狼是一种野生动物。 用在序数词前 I read the first chapter of this book.我读了这本书的第一章。 用在形容词或副词的最高级前 July is the hottest month of the year in that city.在那座城市,七月是一年中最热的月份。 用于宇宙中独一无二的事物前 The sun makes us feel warm.太阳让我们感到温暖。 用在表示江河、海洋、山脉等地理名词前 the Yangtze River长江 the Great Wall 长城 the Summer Palace颐和园 用在乐器名称前 The little girl is good at playing the violin.那个小女孩擅长拉小提琴。 用在姓氏的复数形式之前,表示“一家人”或“夫妇两人” The Smiths came to see us yesterday.昨天史密斯夫妇来看我们了。 用在某些形容词前,表示某一类人或物 The rich wish to be richer and the poor fear to be poorer.富人希望更富,穷人害怕更穷。 用于某些固定短语或习惯表达中 at the same time 同时 by the way顺便问一下,顺便说说 with the help of在……的帮助下 三． 零冠词 　　零冠词主要指不使用冠词的情况,不包括省略冠词的情况。以下情况通常用零冠词: 用法 例子 名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词或数词等限定词时 my book 我的书 some books 一些书 物质名词、抽象名词、表示人名/地名的专有名词前(由普通名词构成的专有名词除外) China 中国 Beijing 北京 Mary 玛丽 表示三餐、球类运动、棋类、学科名称等的名词前 have breakfast吃早饭 play football 踢足球 play chess 下国际象棋 learn English学英语 在日期、月份、季节等名词前 Autumn is the harvest season of the year.秋天是一年中收获的季节。 表示泛指的复数可数名词前 There are trees and flowers around the house.树木和鲜花围绕着这幢房子。 表示独一无二的职位、头衔、称呼的名词前 Doctor, I'm not feeling myself today.大夫,我今天感觉有些不适。 不可数名词前 Health is the number one factor that people care about.健康是人们关心的头等大事。 某些固定短语和习惯用语中 at night 在晚上 at last 最终 in time 及时 take care of 照顾 1.Several years ago, I worked for 　　　　　　English newspaper which was doing such research.  答案　an　考查冠词。设空处修饰其后的English newspaper,由语境可知,此处表泛指,又因English以元音音素开头,因此设空处填不定冠词an。 2.He could learn some new skills with the help of Nathan. It would be 　　　　　　exciting experience.  答案　an　考查冠词。在本句中,名词experience“经历,体验”是可数名词,此处表泛指,即一次令人兴奋的经历/体验,exciting为元音音素开头的单词,故使用不定冠词an。 3.Ed went to study art in Paris and became 　　　　　　artist.  答案　an　考查冠词。这里为泛指,表示一名艺术家,所以填不定冠词,且artist以元音音素开头,因此答案是an。 4.Your best friend is telling you　　　　　　 joke, but you can’t catch it!  答案　a　本题考查不定冠词。tell a joke 讲笑话。 5.In the kitchen,there was 　　　　　　surprise for Claudio—his favorite pancakes.  答案　a　本题考查冠词。此处表泛指,且surprise以辅音音素开头,故填a。 6.What’s amazing is that Beth hasn’t ever been to 　　　　　　drum lesson.   答案　a　本题考查冠词。此处表示泛指,且drum以辅音音素开头,故填a。 7.But with social⁃distancing(社交距离)rules in 　　　　　　United States, many summer camps face difficult decisions.  答案　the　考查冠词。the United States美国。 8.For 　　　　　　first time in his life, Mr Happy lost his smile.  答案　the　句意:Happy先生第一次失去了他的笑容。考查冠词。for the first time为固定搭配。 9.I took him to 　　　　　　computer in my room and said,“Right here.”   答案　the　考查冠词。设空处后的 computer有介词短语in my room修饰,因此设空处使用定冠词。 写作 本单元是介绍你喜欢的人，运用目标单词和短语及句式进行介绍。 目标语言：一般现在时态，关于人物相貌，性格，事件的单词和短语。 佳作展示 Hi there！I am Zhou Bing from Class 4,Grade 7. And I go by Harry. I am 12 years old. My favourite subjects are Science and PE. They are great fun.I am good at them and I enjoy having PE lessons with my classmates.I am interested in swimming and playing football. I often go swimming with my brother at the weekend. Playing football is really exciting, and it makes me full of energy. I think I am very friendly and helpful.I’m always ready to help my classmates with all kinds of problems. Do you want to be my friend? 假如你是阳光中学的一名新生，经过一周的学习，你交到了一个名叫李娜的好朋友，英文名叫Anna。现在Teens杂志正在举办征文活动。请根据以下提示，以“My Friend Anna”为题，用英语写一篇短文投稿。 要求： （1）短文应包含图中的全部内容，可适当发挥； （2）词数90左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。 My Friend Anna This is my new friend Anna. I am glad to tell you something about her.  __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【写作提示】 1.主题：介绍他人 2.人称：以第三人称为主 3.时态：一般现在时 4.要点：好友的年龄、所在年级和班级、外貌、兴趣爱好、性格、你的看法 5.写作思路：开篇引出要介绍的人物，主体部分按照所给提示介绍好友的年龄、所在班级、外貌、兴趣爱好、性格等，结尾表达对好友的看法。   【范文赏读】 My Friend Anna This is my new friend Anna. I am glad to tell you something about her. She is 13 years old. We are in the same class, Class 3, Grade 7. She is tall and pretty, and wears a pair of glasses. She likes reading books very much. She thinks that reading can help open her mind. In her free time, she also enjoys playing tennis. She often plays it with her dad after school. Anna is very nice and always ready to help others. She gets well with everyone in our class. Anna is a good girl and I like her a lot. Do you want to make friends with her?   Unit2 Travelling around the world 常用并列连词 并列 and 和，并且 My father and mother went for a walk. both..and... …和…;(两者)都 Both my father and my mother are teachers. neither…nor... 既不...也不... Neither my father nor my mother is a doctor. not only...but also 不但….,而且 … She is not only a singer but also a dancer. as well as 既…,又 … She can speak German as well as English. 转折 but 但是 He goes to school not by bus,but on foot. however 然而(逗号隔开) It's cold.However,we should go there. while 然而(对比关系) I like tea,while she likes coffee. 选择 or 或者；还是 Would you like fish or pork? either...or... 或者...或者... Either you or I can get the computer. 结果 so 因此；所以 I am late,so I will take a taxi to work. 1. Study hard you will pass the exam. 2. It was snowing, I could not go out. 3. I like the computer very much, it is too expensive. I can’t afford it. 4. My favourite subjects are art Chinese. 5. It is very cold, those students are still having P.E. class in the playground. 6. My mother is ill, I have to stay at home and look after her. 7.在红岭中学，老师和学生都很努力。 In Hongling Middle school, teachers students are hard-working. 8.大熊猫经常吃竹子，但是他们也吃其他的植物。 Giant pandas usually eat bamboo they also eat other plants. 9.我在景德镇看到了许多陶器店，因此我买了几个手绘的茶壶。 I saw many pottery shops in Jingdezhen, I bought several freehand sketching. 1.and 2.so 3.but 4.and 5.but 6.so 7.both,and 8.but 9.so 2.专有名词 (首字母要大写) 人名：Sally，Tom ， Mary 地名： Shenzhen, France, China, the Louvre Museum 组织： the United Nations(联合国) ， the Red Cross 星期：Sunday ， Monday 月份：January, February, March 节日：the Spring Festival(春节) , the Mid-Autumn Festival（中秋节）, the Lantern Festival（元宵节），the Qingming Festival（清明节）, the Dragon Boat Festival（端午节）, the Double Ninth Festival（重阳节） Tree planting Day, Women’s Day, Christmas, May Day 3.a number of +复数名词或代词 许多… . ， 谓语动词用复数。 the number of + 复数名词或代词， …. 的数量，谓语动词用单数。 写作 本单元以“旅行”为话题。通过本单元（Travelling around the world）学会介绍自己就家乡和你喜欢的旅游景点。以国家，城市及家乡景点介绍为主线，设置的写作题目可能与国家，城市或家乡景点的介绍有关。在写作的时候，我们要从历史，文化，地理位置，名胜等方面进行描述。写作注意以下几点： 一、目标语言：一般现在时态，关于旅行地点介绍的单词和短语。 二、内容可以包括以下几个方面： 1.旅游的目的地（地理位置，总体特色） 2.名胜古迹。（自然景观，人文历史） 3.美食特色。 4.交通。 5.文娱活动。 6.住宿，购物体验等。 三、佳句欣赏与运用 谚语类 1.Travel broadens the mind.旅游开阔眼界。 2.He who travels far knows more.远行者见识广。 3.Read ten thousand books and travel ten thousand miles.读万卷书，行万里路。 旅游类 1. 法国是世界上访问人数最多的国家之一France is one of the most visited countries in the world 2.法国是一个历史悠久、文化丰富的国家。France is a beautiful country rich in history and culture 3. 如果你想去参观一些世界著名的百货商店，这是最好的地方。This is the best place to go if you want to visit some world famous department stores 4.这是夏天度假的完美地方。It is the perfect place for a summer holiday. 5.它位于法国东南海岸，以其美丽的海滩而闻名。It lies on France's south-east coast and is famous for its wonderful beaches. 6.法国适合所有人，所以为什么不今年去法国呢？France has something for everyone, so why not visit France this year? 7.我们一到达…… 就被…… 吸引了。As soon as we arrived at..., we were attracted by... 8.我们参观了很多名胜古迹，比如……We visited many places of interest, such as... 9. I will never forget my first trip to Beijing, which was really an unforgettable experience for me. 我永远不会忘记第一次去北京的旅行, 对我来说这是一次难忘的经历。  10. There are several green ways of transportation available such as going out by bike or underground.   有几种绿色出行的方法可行, 例如骑单车或坐地铁。 11. Traveling can not only enrich our knowledge about the local culture but also make us get relaxed and keep healthy. 旅游不但能够丰富我们对当地文化的认识, 也能够让我们放松和保持健康。  深圳是一座美丽的现代化的城市，我们作为深圳人而感到自豪。请你以“Shenzhen is calling”写一篇 80词 左右的短文介绍深圳。 要求：1 ．简单介绍它的地理位置； 2 ．景点或者物产； 3 ．你对深圳的评价并且号召游客来深圳旅游。 Shenzhen is calling Shenzhen is a beautiful modern city. It's in the south of China with coasts. Every year many people from all over the world visit it. It's famous for its beauty. In Shenzhen, you can taste all kinds of delicious food. There are also many beautiful places of interest such as the Window of the World, the Happy Valley and China Folk Culture Villages. If you want to swim, you can go to Dameisha. It's a beautiful beach.We are proud of Shenzhen. We are sure you'll enjoy yourselves here. Shenzhen has something for everyone, so why not visit Shenzhen this year? 三亚有“中国夏威夷”的美称，每年都吸引了大量的外国游客。假设你去年暑假来过此地，请你描述旅游的经历，给外国游客提供旅游参考。内容可包括：天气、风光、活动、感受等。 要求： 1．必须涵盖以上要点，并适当发挥； 2．文中不得出现真实的人名、校名等相关信息； 3．词数100左右。 参考词汇：Yalong Bay亚龙湾 【佳作欣赏】 Travel broadens the mind.It's a good way to see the world. Last summer vacation，the weather was fine.I went to Sanya—China's Hawaii，with my family.As soon as I arrived there，beautiful sights caught my eyes.It is a really magic land .The next day，we went to the beach.We watched the sunrise and sunset.We also had fun collecting shells along the soft beaches.Later，we visited Yalong Bay and Tianya Haijiao.It is said that no visit to Hainan is complete without a trip to Yalong Bay and Tianya Haijiao.Another thing I'd like to mention is that the people impressed me the most.They can always give you a hand if you need. If you visit Sanya，you will find nowhere is more suitable for vacation than it. Unit 3 Trees and us 现在进行时 一．现在进行时的用法 用法 例句 表示现在(说话时)正在进行或发生的动作。 They are talking on the phone.他们正在打电话。 表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 They are growing vegetables these days.这些天他们一直在种蔬菜。 有些动词,如come、go、leave、arrive、begin、start 等的现在进行时可表示将要发生的动作,一般后面跟表示将来的时间状语。 We are leaving next week.我们下星期将会离开。 二．现在进行时的句式结构 句式 句型 例句 肯定句 主语+be动词 (am/is/are)+v.-ing+其他. Mary is washing clothes. 玛丽正在洗衣服。 否定句 主语+be动词 (am/is/are)+not+v.-ing+其他. She isn’t studying now.她现在没在学习。 句式 句型 例句 一般疑 问句及 其简略 回答　 Be动词(Am/Is/Are)+主语+v.-ing+其他? 肯定回答:Yes, 主语+be动词 (am/is/are). 否定回答:No, 主语+be动词 (am/is/are)+not. —Are they playing games? 他们在玩游戏吗? —Yes,they are./No, they aren’t.是的,他们在玩。/不,他们没有在玩。 三．现在分词的变化规则 变化规则 示例 大多数动词后直接加-ing read—reading sing—singing 以不发音的e结尾的动词,去e,再加-ing take—taking come—coming 以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加-ing sit—sitting begin—beginning 以ie结尾的动词,变ie为y,再加-ing lie—lying die—dying 一.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.Look! A woman with two children 　　　　　(wait) for us over there.  2.Be quiet! Your father 　　　　　(sleep) in the bedroom.  3.It’s five o’clock. Some students 　　　　　(play) football in the playground.  4.You 　　　　　(drive). Don't talk on the phone.  5.—What is your mother doing? —She 　　　　　(cook) lunch in the kitchen.  二单项选择 6.I think that Lingling 　　　a book now.   A.read B.reads C.is reading 7.—Where’s Anna, dear? —She 　　　an online class in her room.  A.is taking B.takes C.will take 8.Listen! They 　　　songs for the 100th birthday of the CCYL(中国共青团).  A.are singing B.sang C.will sing 9.—Is Tony doing his homework now? —No, 　　　. He is playing the computer games.  A.he is B.he isn’t C.he does　　　 D.he doesn’t 10.—Look out of the window! It 　　　.  —Yes. What a heavy snow! It 　　　quite often here in winter.  A.is snowing;snows B.snows;is snowing C.is snowing;is snowing D.snows;snows 1.is waiting　根据“Look!”可知,此处是现在进行时,主语a woman是第三人称单数,故填is waiting。 2.is sleeping　句意:安静!你爸爸正在卧室里睡觉。根据“Be quiet!”可推知,此处表示“你爸爸正在睡觉”,故用现在进行时,主语Your father为第三人称单数,故填is sleeping。 3.are playing　根据“It’s five o’clock.”可推知,踢足球的动作正在进行,故用现在进行时。主语为Some students,故填are sleeping。 4.are driving　根据”Don’t talk on the phone.”可推知,开车的动作正在进行,故用现在进行时。主语为You,故填are driving。 5.is cooking　问句用现在进行时,答句也用现在进行时。主语She为第三人称单数,故填is cooking。 6.C　根据now可知,此处用现在进行时,故选C。 7.A　句意:——亲爱的,安娜在哪儿?——她正在她的房间里上网课。根据语境可知,此处描述的是现在正在进行的动作,应用现在进行时,故选A。 8.A　句意:听!他们正在为中国共青团的100岁生日唱歌。根据“Listen!”可知,此处用现在进行时,故选A。 9.B　句意:——托尼现在在做他的家庭作业吗?——不,他不是。他正在玩电脑游戏。由Is开头的一般疑问句,否定回答用“No,主语+isn’t.”。故选B。 10.A　句意:——往窗外看!正在下雪。——是的。多大的雪啊!这里冬天经常下雪。根据“Look out of the window!”可知,第一空所在句要用现在进行时;根据“often”可知,第二空所在句要用一般现在时。故选A。 写作 我们都知道，树在我们的日常生活中非常重要，因为树可以对人们做很多事情。他们为我们提供食物，让我们的生活更方便。它们还可以制造氧气来保持空气的凉爽和清洁。他们是防治污染的最佳战士。 然而，现在的树木处于巨大危险之中。人们每年砍伐数百万棵树。它对我们的环境有害的。人们应该停止这样做，但要种植更多的树并照顾好它们。 树真的是我们最好的朋友。让我们保护他们，让世界充满绿色。 Trees around us As we all know, trees are very important in our daily lives, because trees can do a lot for people. They provide us food and make our lives more convenient. They can also make oxygen to keep the air cool and clean. They are the best fighters against pollution. However，nowadays trees are in great danger. People cut down millions of trees every year. It is harmful for our environment. People should stop doing this but plant more trees and take care of them. Trees are really our best friends. Let' s protect them to make the world full of green. 请以“Tree Planting Day”为题,根据要点提示,写一篇英语短文描述此次植树活动并呼吁同学们保护树木。 要点提示: 1.简单介绍树木的作用; 2.描述同学们植树过程中的2—3个画面(挖坑、挑水、栽树……); 3.呼吁同学们保护树木。 要求:要点齐全、语言流畅、语句通顺。 Tree Planting Day One possible version: Tree Planting Day We organized the environmental team to plant trees on our school playground on 12th, March—Tree Planting Day. As we all know, trees are important to us. We cannot live without trees since they provide us with wood.Additionally, many of the things in our daily life come from trees such as paper and pencils.A lot of furniture is made of wood as well.Trees also help fight against pollution. They take in harmful gases and produce oxygen. As a result, they keep the air cool and clean. On Tree Planting Day, we planted trees together. First of all, our teams carried the seedlings and saplings to an empty land. Then, we dug some holes and put the seedlings in them.After that,we tied strings to fasten the saplings. Finally, we watered them as carefully as we can. It's hard to imagine a world without trees. So let's call on everyone around us to protect them! 假设你是李华,你的学校将举行环保周活动,请你根据以下表格中的信息和要求, 完成一篇保护树木的英文演讲稿,并号召大家一起行动起来,保护树木。 树木对人类 的重要性  1.树木能帮助清洁空气,并能维持良好的生态环境; 2.树木为人们提供水果、木材等,让人类的生活更方便 保护树木的措施 1.停止砍伐树木; 2.少使用一次性筷子、节约用纸; 3.(自己补充至少一点) 号召大家保护树木 …… 要求: 1.必须包含以上提示内容,可适当发挥; 2.条理清楚,行文连贯,标点正确,书面整洁; 3.文中不得出现真实的姓名和校名; 4.80词左右。文章开头已给出,不计入总词数。 参考词汇:disposable chopsticks一次性筷子  Dear students, I am Li Hua. It's my honor to speak here today. My topic is protecting trees. Dear students, I am Li Hua. It’s my honor to speak here today. My topic is protecting trees. 　　We know trees are very helpful to us. They keep the air clean, so they are important in keeping a good environment. They also provide us with fruit and wood, which makes our lives more convenient. Trees are very important to us, so it is time for us to take action to protect them. Firstly, we should stop cutting down trees. Secondly, we should use disposable chopsticks less. And saving paper is also what we should do, for making it needs a lot of trees. Last but not least, we are supposed to plant more trees. 　　In a word, everyone can play a role in protecting trees. Let’s take action right now. Unit 4 Our animal friends 反身代词 反身代词：表示我自己，你自己，他自己，我们自己，你们自己，他们自己等的词叫做反身代词。 反身代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 　 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数 汉语 我自己 我们自己 你自己 你们自己 他自己 她自己 它自己 他们自己 myself　 ourselves　 yourself　 yourselves　 himself　 herself　 itself　 themselves　 反身代词第一，二人称构成是由形容词性物主代词加 "-self " （复数加 -selves )构成。 第三人称反身代词是由人称代词宾格形式-self（复数加 -selves )构成。 (1)反身代词在句子中作宾语表示反射(指一个动作回到该动作执行者本身)。如： Don’t play with the knife, you might hurt yourself.(不要玩刀子,那会割伤你的) (2)在句子中作同位语表示强调(即用来强调名词或代词的语气)。如： The story itself is good. Only he didn’t tell it well.(故事本身是好的,只是他没有讲好) help oneself用法 用作招呼客人吃东西时的客套话，其意为“请随便吃”“请吃”。 Help yourself to the fruit. 吃点水果吧。 Make yourself at home, and help yourself to anything you like. 请不要拘束，喜欢吃什么就吃什么。 enjoy oneself=have a good time=have fun用法 自我欣赏,自娱;玩得痛快,过得愉快。 Did you enjoy yourself of the party?你在宴会上愉快吗? "enjoy oneself doing sth"=have fun doing sth.表示做某件事情非常的开心，陶醉于做某事，侧重于表现在“做什么”。 The girl enjoy herself playing in the garden. 专题训练 1.And the children next to you enjoy 　　　　　　(they), singing and laughing.  答案　themselves　本句中设空处与enjoy构成短语,enjoy oneself玩得高兴,过得愉快。 2.Thanks to 　　　　　　(they) hard work, the first irrigation(灌溉)network in the world appeared.   答案　their　设空处后出现了名词work,因此使用形容词性物主代词。 3.Will's friends could hear 　　　　　　(he) reporting the emergency.   答案　him　设空处前是谓语动词could hear,设空处作谓语动词的宾语,因此要使用人称代词的宾格形式。 4.The curator(馆长) was proud to have such a painting in 　　　　　　(he) museum and congratulated John on his discovery.  答案　his　句意:馆长因为在他的博物馆里有这样一幅画而自豪,并且祝贺John的这一发现。设空处修饰其后的名词museum,因此使用形容词性物主代词。 5.When the old lady got in, Andrea could see that she was in a long dress and had a hat pulled down low over 　　　　　　(she) eyes.  答案　her　设空处修饰其后的名词eyes,因此使用形容词性物主代词。 6.My father said if I couldn't make fifty rupees today,he wouldn't allow 　　　　　　(I) to eat anything.   答案　me　设空处作谓语动词wouldn't allow的宾语,因此使用人称代词的宾格形式。allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事。 7.—Is that your car? —No, m　　　　　　 is parked over the road.   答案　mine　句意:——那是你的车吗?——不是,我的车停在马路对面。本题考查物主代词。设空处作主语,故用名词性物主代词mine。 8.Ms. Yang said she based the boy on a student of 　　　　　　(她的)years ago.   答案　hers　句意:杨女士说她是以数年前她的一个学生为原型来创作这个男孩的角色的。本题考查代词。设空处后没有名词,因此使用名词性物主代词。 方位介词 介词是一种虚词， 通常位于名词或代词之前。介词及其宾语共同构成介宾短语， 主要用来表示方位、 时间、 方式、 原因、 目的等关系。常见的方位介词或介词短语有： behind， near， under， on， in， beside， in front of， on the corner of， across from等。 方位介词 用法 例句 at “在……处”,常用于较小的地点 We stayed at a hotel yesterday.昨天我们待在一个旅店。 in “在……处”,常用于较大的地点 I live in Shanghai and my parents live in Beijing.我住在上海,我父母住在北京。 on “在……上“,指在某一平面上,且两者接触 There are some storybooks on the desk.书桌上有一些故事书。 above “在……上方”,表示高于某物 Apartment 46 is a quiet apartment, unlike the one above it. 46号公寓是一套安静的公寓,不像它上面的那一套。 over “在……上方”,表示在某物垂直的正上方,且两者之间不接触 They hold a large umbrella over her. 他们给她撑起一把大伞。 below “在……下方”,表示低于某物 Please do not write below this line. 请不要写到这条线下面。 under “在……下方”,表示在某物垂直的正下方,且两者之间不接触 Write your name under your picture.在你的照片下面写上名字。 behind “在……后面” Who is sitting behind you?谁坐在你的后面? in front of “在……(外部的)前面”,注意与in the front of的区别,后者指“在某物内部的前面” There is a beautiful garden in front of my house.我家房子前有一个漂亮的花园。 Our teacher sits in the front of the classroom.我们的老师坐在教室前面。 inside “在……里面” Go inside the house. 进屋里吧。 outside “在……外面” You can park your car outside our house. 你可以把你的车停在我们家屋外。 beside “在……旁边”,与next to同义 Please stand beside your desk.请站在你的书桌旁边。 between “在……(两者) 中间” Q comes between P and R in the English alphabet.在英语字母表中,Q在P和R之间。 一．翻译下列短语。 1. 横穿， 横过 go across ⁠ 2. 在……（外部）前面in front of ⁠ 3. 在……的末尾 at the end of ⁠ 4. 紧邻……next to ⁠ 二、用适当介词填空 1. The hospital is __________ Shanghai Road. 2. We will meet __________ 3:00 PM __________ Friday. 3. The bookshop is __________ the library and the bank. 4. She goes to school __________ bike every day. 5. The cat is hiding __________ the table. 6. They walked __________ the river and found a bridge. 7. My birthday is __________ July. 8. The gift is __________ the box. 9. We traveled __________ train last summer. 10. The keys are __________ my bag. 1.on 2. at; on 3. between 4. by 5. under 6.along 7. in 8. in 9. by 10. in 写作 我们都知道，动物在我们的生活中很重要。他们可以在很多方面帮助我们。例如，导盲犬就是盲人的眼睛。马充当士兵的腿。奶牛每天都会给我们喝很多牛奶。我们也可以每天从它们那里得到鸡蛋。有些动物很有趣，给我们带来了很大的乐趣。 动物是我们的朋友，帮助了我们很多。和他们好好相处很重要的。但有些动物正处于巨大的危险之中。所以我们应该做点什么来拯救他们。 As we all know, animals are important in our lives. They can help us in many ways.For example, guide dogs are the eyes of the blind. Horses act as the soldiers' legs. And cows give a lot of milk to us every day. We can also get eggs from them every day. Some kinds of animals are interesting and bring us great fun. Animals are our friends and help us a lot. It' s important to get on well with them. But some animals are in great danger. So we should do something to save them. 假如你是校英文报社的一名记者,请你以“Protecting our animal friends”为题,写一篇不少于80词的英语短文。必须包含以下所给的要点提示,可适当发挥。 要点提示: 1.现状:很多动物濒临灭绝。 2.原因:(1)人们随意捕杀野生动物;(2)乱砍树木,破坏森林,使动物的生存空间越来越小。 3.呼吁:全校师生行动起来,爱护自然环境,保护动物。 Protecting our animal friends Protecting our animal friends In recent years, a number of animals are becoming endangered. Some kinds have even died out. Why is that? Some cruel people kill wild animals and sell their meat or fur for money. Besides, with the rapid development of cities and towns, people cut down too many trees and destroy some forests. Because of these activities, some animals lose their homes. Their living space is becoming smaller and smaller. What’s worse, the polluted water is not fit for the animals. We hope everyone can take action and do something helpful from now on. It is everyone’s duty to protect the environment and care for our animal friends. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit1-3重点语法，书面表达归纳 Unit1 People around us 冠词 冠词不能单独使用,常用在名词前,用来说明名词所指的人或物。冠词分为不定冠词(a, an)和定冠词(the)两种。此外英语中也有些特定场合不用冠词,即通常所说的零冠词。 一．不定冠词 　　不定冠词a用于以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前,an用于以元音音素开头 的单数可数名词前。以下情况通常用不定冠词: 用法 例子 泛指某人/物或泛指某类人/物 A boy is waiting for you at the school gate.有个男孩在学校门口等你。 A child needs love.孩子需要爱。 表示数量“一”,但数量概念没有one强烈 I have a friend and his name is Ivan.我有一个朋友,他的名字是伊凡。 表示 “每一”,相当于each或per The medicine must be taken three times a day.这种药必须每天服三次。 用在某些固定搭配或习惯表达中 a little 一点 a few 几个 in a hurry匆匆忙忙 have a good time过得愉快 a用在以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前,而不是辅音字母;an用在以元音音素开头的单数可数名词前,而不是元音字母。 university 一所大学 European country 一个欧洲国家 unfinished task 一项未完成的任务 hour and a half 一个半小时 二．定冠词 　　定冠词用来说明或限定某个特定的人或物。以下情况通常用定冠词: 用法 例子 表示特指,用在双方都知道或上文已经提到的人或物之前 I found a picture in the box. The picture was very beautiful.我在盒子里发现了一幅画。这幅画非常漂亮。 用在可数名词单数前,表示某一类人或事物 The wolf is a wild animal.狼是一种野生动物。 用在序数词前 I read the first chapter of this book.我读了这本书的第一章。 用在形容词或副词的最高级前 July is the hottest month of the year in that city.在那座城市,七月是一年中最热的月份。 用于宇宙中独一无二的事物前 The sun makes us feel warm.太阳让我们感到温暖。 用在表示江河、海洋、山脉等地理名词前 the Yangtze River长江 the Great Wall 长城 the Summer Palace颐和园 用在乐器名称前 The little girl is good at playing the violin.那个小女孩擅长拉小提琴。 用在姓氏的复数形式之前,表示“一家人”或“夫妇两人” The Smiths came to see us yesterday.昨天史密斯夫妇来看我们了。 用在某些形容词前,表示某一类人或物 The rich wish to be richer and the poor fear to be poorer.富人希望更富,穷人害怕更穷。 用于某些固定短语或习惯表达中 at the same time 同时 by the way顺便问一下,顺便说说 with the help of在……的帮助下 三． 零冠词 　　零冠词主要指不使用冠词的情况,不包括省略冠词的情况。以下情况通常用零冠词: 用法 例子 名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词或数词等限定词时 my book 我的书 some books 一些书 物质名词、抽象名词、表示人名/地名的专有名词前(由普通名词构成的专有名词除外) China 中国 Beijing 北京 Mary 玛丽 表示三餐、球类运动、棋类、学科名称等的名词前 have breakfast吃早饭 play football 踢足球 play chess 下国际象棋 learn English学英语 在日期、月份、季节等名词前 Autumn is the harvest season of the year.秋天是一年中收获的季节。 表示泛指的复数可数名词前 There are trees and flowers around the house.树木和鲜花围绕着这幢房子。 表示独一无二的职位、头衔、称呼的名词前 Doctor, I'm not feeling myself today.大夫,我今天感觉有些不适。 不可数名词前 Health is the number one factor that people care about.健康是人们关心的头等大事。 某些固定短语和习惯用语中 at night 在晚上 at last 最终 in time 及时 take care of 照顾 1.Several years ago, I worked for 　　　　　　English newspaper which was doing such research.  2.He could learn some new skills with the help of Nathan. It would be 　　　　　　exciting experience.  3.Ed went to study art in Paris and became 　　　　　　artist.  4.Your best friend is telling you　　　　　　 joke, but you can’t catch it!  5.In the kitchen,there was 　　　　　　surprise for Claudio—his favorite pancakes.  6.What’s amazing is that Beth hasn’t ever been to 　　　　　　drum lesson.   7.But with social⁃distancing(社交距离)rules in 　　　　　　United States, many summer camps face difficult decisions.  8.For 　　　　　　first time in his life, Mr Happy lost his smile.  9.I took him to 　　　　　　computer in my room and said,“Right here.”   写作 本单元是介绍你喜欢的人，运用目标单词和短语及句式进行介绍。 目标语言：一般现在时态，关于人物相貌，性格，事件的单词和短语。 假如你是阳光中学的一名新生，经过一周的学习，你交到了一个名叫李娜的好朋友，英文名叫Anna。现在Teens杂志正在举办征文活动。请根据以下提示，以“My Friend Anna”为题，用英语写一篇短文投稿。 要求： （1）短文应包含图中的全部内容，可适当发挥； （2）词数90左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。 My Friend Anna This is my new friend Anna. I am glad to tell you something about her.  __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Unit2 Travelling around the world 常用并列连词 并列 and 和，并且 My father and mother went for a walk. both..and... …和…;(两者)都 Both my father and my mother are teachers. neither…nor... 既不...也不... Neither my father nor my mother is a doctor. not only...but also 不但….,而且 … She is not only a singer but also a dancer. as well as 既…,又 … She can speak German as well as English. 转折 but 但是 He goes to school not by bus,but on foot. however 然而(逗号隔开) It's cold.However,we should go there. while 然而(对比关系) I like tea,while she likes coffee. 选择 or 或者；还是 Would you like fish or pork? either...or... 或者...或者... Either you or I can get the computer. 结果 so 因此；所以 I am late,so I will take a taxi to work. 1. Study hard you will pass the exam. 2. It was snowing, I could not go out. 3. I like the computer very much, it is too expensive. I can’t afford it. 4. My favourite subjects are art Chinese. 5. It is very cold, those students are still having P.E. class in the playground. 6. My mother is ill, I have to stay at home and look after her. 7.在红岭中学，老师和学生都很努力。 In Hongling Middle school, teachers students are hard-working. 8.大熊猫经常吃竹子，但是他们也吃其他的植物。 Giant pandas usually eat bamboo they also eat other plants. 9.我在景德镇看到了许多陶器店，因此我买了几个手绘的茶壶。 I saw many pottery shops in Jingdezhen, I bought several freehand sketching. 2.专有名词 (首字母要大写) 人名：Sally，Tom ， Mary 地名： Shenzhen, France, China, the Louvre Museum 组织： the United Nations(联合国) ， the Red Cross 星期：Sunday ， Monday 月份：January, February, March 节日：the Spring Festival(春节) , the Mid-Autumn Festival（中秋节）, the Lantern Festival（元宵节），the Qingming Festival（清明节）, the Dragon Boat Festival（端午节）, the Double Ninth Festival（重阳节） Tree planting Day, Women’s Day, Christmas, May Day 3.a number of +复数名词或代词 许多… . ， 谓语动词用复数。 the number of + 复数名词或代词， …. 的数量，谓语动词用单数。 写作 本单元以“旅行”为话题。通过本单元（Travelling around the world）学会介绍自己就家乡和你喜欢的旅游景点。以国家，城市及家乡景点介绍为主线，设置的写作题目可能与国家，城市或家乡景点的介绍有关。在写作的时候，我们要从历史，文化，地理位置，名胜等方面进行描述。写作注意以下几点： 一、目标语言：一般现在时态，关于旅行地点介绍的单词和短语。 二、内容可以包括以下几个方面： 1.旅游的目的地（地理位置，总体特色） 2.名胜古迹。（自然景观，人文历史） 3.美食特色。 4.交通。 5.文娱活动。 6.住宿，购物体验等。 三、佳句欣赏与运用 谚语类 1.Travel broadens the mind.旅游开阔眼界。 2.He who travels far knows more.远行者见识广。 3.Read ten thousand books and travel ten thousand miles.读万卷书，行万里路。 旅游类 1. 法国是世界上访问人数最多的国家之一France is one of the most visited countries in the world 2.法国是一个历史悠久、文化丰富的国家。France is a beautiful country rich in history and culture 3. 如果你想去参观一些世界著名的百货商店，这是最好的地方。This is the best place to go if you want to visit some world famous department stores 4.这是夏天度假的完美地方。It is the perfect place for a summer holiday. 5.它位于法国东南海岸，以其美丽的海滩而闻名。It lies on France's south-east coast and is famous for its wonderful beaches. 6.法国适合所有人，所以为什么不今年去法国呢？France has something for everyone, so why not visit France this year? 7.我们一到达…… 就被…… 吸引了。As soon as we arrived at..., we were attracted by... 8.我们参观了很多名胜古迹，比如……We visited many places of interest, such as... 9. I will never forget my first trip to Beijing, which was really an unforgettable experience for me. 我永远不会忘记第一次去北京的旅行, 对我来说这是一次难忘的经历。  10. There are several green ways of transportation available such as going out by bike or underground.   有几种绿色出行的方法可行, 例如骑单车或坐地铁。 11. Traveling can not only enrich our knowledge about the local culture but also make us get relaxed and keep healthy. 旅游不但能够丰富我们对当地文化的认识, 也能够让我们放松和保持健康。  深圳是一座美丽的现代化的城市，我们作为深圳人而感到自豪。请你以“Shenzhen is calling”写一篇 80词 左右的短文介绍深圳。 要求：1 ．简单介绍它的地理位置； 2 ．景点或者物产； 3 ．你对深圳的评价并且号召游客来深圳旅游。 Shenzhen is calling 三亚有“中国夏威夷”的美称，每年都吸引了大量的外国游客。假设你去年暑假来过此地，请你描述旅游的经历，给外国游客提供旅游参考。内容可包括：天气、风光、活动、感受等。 要求： 1．必须涵盖以上要点，并适当发挥； 2．文中不得出现真实的人名、校名等相关信息； 3．词数100左右。 参考词汇：Yalong Bay亚龙湾 Unit 3 Trees and us 现在进行时 一．现在进行时的用法 用法 例句 表示现在(说话时)正在进行或发生的动作。 They are talking on the phone.他们正在打电话。 表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 They are growing vegetables these days.这些天他们一直在种蔬菜。 有些动词,如come、go、leave、arrive、begin、start 等的现在进行时可表示将要发生的动作,一般后面跟表示将来的时间状语。 We are leaving next week.我们下星期将会离开。 二．现在进行时的句式结构 句式 句型 例句 肯定句 主语+be动词 (am/is/are)+v.-ing+其他. Mary is washing clothes. 玛丽正在洗衣服。 否定句 主语+be动词 (am/is/are)+not+v.-ing+其他. She isn’t studying now.她现在没在学习。 句式 句型 例句 一般疑 问句及 其简略 回答　 Be动词(Am/Is/Are)+主语+v.-ing+其他? 肯定回答:Yes, 主语+be动词 (am/is/are). 否定回答:No, 主语+be动词 (am/is/are)+not. —Are they playing games? 他们在玩游戏吗? —Yes,they are./No, they aren’t.是的,他们在玩。/不,他们没有在玩。 三．现在分词的变化规则 变化规则 示例 大多数动词后直接加-ing read—reading sing—singing 以不发音的e结尾的动词,去e,再加-ing take—taking come—coming 以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加-ing sit—sitting begin—beginning 以ie结尾的动词,变ie为y,再加-ing lie—lying die—dying 一.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.Look! A woman with two children 　　　　　(wait) for us over there.  2.Be quiet! Your father 　　　　　(sleep) in the bedroom.  3.It’s five o’clock. Some students 　　　　　(play) football in the playground.  4.You 　　　　　(drive). Don't talk on the phone.  5.—What is your mother doing? —She 　　　　　(cook) lunch in the kitchen.  二单项选择 6.I think that Lingling 　　　a book now.   A.read B.reads C.is reading 7.—Where’s Anna, dear? —She 　　　an online class in her room.  A.is taking B.takes C.will take 8.Listen! They 　　　songs for the 100th birthday of the CCYL(中国共青团).  A.are singing B.sang C.will sing 9.—Is Tony doing his homework now? —No, 　　　. He is playing the computer games.  A.he is B.he isn’t C.he does　　　 D.he doesn’t 10.—Look out of the window! It 　　　.  —Yes. What a heavy snow! It 　　　quite often here in winter.  A.is snowing;snows B.snows;is snowing C.is snowing;is snowing D.snows;snows 写作 我们都知道，树在我们的日常生活中非常重要，因为树可以对人们做很多事情。他们为我们提供食物，让我们的生活更方便。它们还可以制造氧气来保持空气的凉爽和清洁。他们是防治污染的最佳战士。 然而，现在的树木处于巨大危险之中。人们每年砍伐数百万棵树。它对我们的环境有害的。人们应该停止这样做，但要种植更多的树并照顾好它们。 树真的是我们最好的朋友。让我们保护他们，让世界充满绿色。 Trees around us As we all know, trees are very important in our daily lives, because trees can do a lot for people. They provide us food and make our lives more convenient. They can also make oxygen to keep the air cool and clean. They are the best fighters against pollution. However，nowadays trees are in great danger. People cut down millions of trees every year. It is harmful for our environment. People should stop doing this but plant more trees and take care of them. Trees are really our best friends. Let' s protect them to make the world full of green. 请以“Tree Planting Day”为题,根据要点提示,写一篇英语短文描述此次植树活动并呼吁同学们保护树木。 要点提示: 1.简单介绍树木的作用; 2.描述同学们植树过程中的2—3个画面(挖坑、挑水、栽树……); 3.呼吁同学们保护树木。 要求:要点齐全、语言流畅、语句通顺。 Tree Planting Day 假设你是李华,你的学校将举行环保周活动,请你根据以下表格中的信息和要求, 完成一篇保护树木的英文演讲稿,并号召大家一起行动起来,保护树木。 树木对人类 的重要性  1.树木能帮助清洁空气,并能维持良好的生态环境; 2.树木为人们提供水果、木材等,让人类的生活更方便 保护树木的措施 1.停止砍伐树木; 2.少使用一次性筷子、节约用纸; 3.(自己补充至少一点) 号召大家保护树木 …… 要求: 1.必须包含以上提示内容,可适当发挥; 2.条理清楚,行文连贯,标点正确,书面整洁; 3.文中不得出现真实的姓名和校名; 4.80词左右。文章开头已给出,不计入总词数。 参考词汇:disposable chopsticks一次性筷子  Dear students, I am Li Hua. It's my honor to speak here today. My topic is protecting trees. Unit 4 Our animal friends 反身代词 反身代词：表示我自己，你自己，他自己，我们自己，你们自己，他们自己等的词叫做反身代词。 反身代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 　 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数 汉语 我自己 我们自己 你自己 你们自己 他自己 她自己 它自己 他们自己 myself　 ourselves　 yourself　 yourselves　 himself　 herself　 itself　 themselves　 反身代词第一，二人称构成是由形容词性物主代词加 "-self " （复数加 -selves )构成。 第三人称反身代词是由人称代词宾格形式-self（复数加 -selves )构成。 (1)反身代词在句子中作宾语表示反射(指一个动作回到该动作执行者本身)。如： Don’t play with the knife, you might hurt yourself.(不要玩刀子,那会割伤你的) (2)在句子中作同位语表示强调(即用来强调名词或代词的语气)。如： The story itself is good. Only he didn’t tell it well.(故事本身是好的,只是他没有讲好) help oneself用法 用作招呼客人吃东西时的客套话，其意为“请随便吃”“请吃”。 Help yourself to the fruit. 吃点水果吧。 Make yourself at home, and help yourself to anything you like. 请不要拘束，喜欢吃什么就吃什么。 enjoy oneself=have a good time=have fun用法 自我欣赏,自娱;玩得痛快,过得愉快。 Did you enjoy yourself of the party?你在宴会上愉快吗? "enjoy oneself doing sth"=have fun doing sth.表示做某件事情非常的开心，陶醉于做某事，侧重于表现在“做什么”。 The girl enjoy herself playing in the garden. 专题训练 1.And the children next to you enjoy 　　　　　　(they), singing and laughing.  2.Thanks to 　　　　　　(they) hard work, the first irrigation(灌溉)network in the world appeared.   3.Will's friends could hear 　　　　　　(he) reporting the emergency.   4.The curator(馆长) was proud to have such a painting in 　　　　　　(he) museum and congratulated John on his discovery.  5.When the old lady got in, Andrea could see that she was in a long dress and had a hat pulled down low over 　　　　　　(she) eyes.  6.My father said if I couldn't make fifty rupees today,he wouldn't allow 　　　　　　(I) to eat anything.   7.—Is that your car? —No, m　　　　　　 is parked over the road.   8.Ms. Yang said she based the boy on a student of 　　　　　　(她的)years ago.   方位介词 介词是一种虚词， 通常位于名词或代词之前。介词及其宾语共同构成介宾短语， 主要用来表示方位、 时间、 方式、 原因、 目的等关系。常见的方位介词或介词短语有： behind， near， under， on， in， beside， in front of， on the corner of， across from等。 方位介词 用法 例句 at “在……处”,常用于较小的地点 We stayed at a hotel yesterday.昨天我们待在一个旅店。 in “在……处”,常用于较大的地点 I live in Shanghai and my parents live in Beijing.我住在上海,我父母住在北京。 on “在……上“,指在某一平面上,且两者接触 There are some storybooks on the desk.书桌上有一些故事书。 above “在……上方”,表示高于某物 Apartment 46 is a quiet apartment, unlike the one above it. 46号公寓是一套安静的公寓,不像它上面的那一套。 over “在……上方”,表示在某物垂直的正上方,且两者之间不接触 They hold a large umbrella over her. 他们给她撑起一把大伞。 below “在……下方”,表示低于某物 Please do not write below this line. 请不要写到这条线下面。 under “在……下方”,表示在某物垂直的正下方,且两者之间不接触 Write your name under your picture.在你的照片下面写上名字。 behind “在……后面” Who is sitting behind you?谁坐在你的后面? in front of “在……(外部的)前面”,注意与in the front of的区别,后者指“在某物内部的前面” There is a beautiful garden in front of my house.我家房子前有一个漂亮的花园。 Our teacher sits in the front of the classroom.我们的老师坐在教室前面。 inside “在……里面” Go inside the house. 进屋里吧。 outside “在……外面” You can park your car outside our house. 你可以把你的车停在我们家屋外。 beside “在……旁边”,与next to同义 Please stand beside your desk.请站在你的书桌旁边。 between “在……(两者) 中间” Q comes between P and R in the English alphabet.在英语字母表中,Q在P和R之间。 一．翻译下列短语。 1. 横穿， 横过 ⁠ 2. 在……（外部）前面 ⁠ 3. 在……的末尾 ⁠ 4. 紧邻…… ⁠ 二、用适当介词填空 1. The hospital is __________ Shanghai Road. 2. We will meet __________ 3:00 PM __________ Friday. 3. The bookshop is __________ the library and the bank. 4. She goes to school __________ bike every day. 5. The cat is hiding __________ the table. 6. They walked __________ the river and found a bridge. 7. My birthday is __________ July. 8. The gift is __________ the box. 9. We traveled __________ train last summer. 10. The keys are __________ my bag. 写作 我们都知道，动物在我们的生活中很重要。他们可以在很多方面帮助我们。例如，导盲犬就是盲人的眼睛。马充当士兵的腿。奶牛每天都会给我们喝很多牛奶。我们也可以每天从它们那里得到鸡蛋。有些动物很有趣，给我们带来了很大的乐趣。 动物是我们的朋友，帮助了我们很多。和他们好好相处很重要的。但有些动物正处于巨大的危险之中。所以我们应该做点什么来拯救他们。 假如你是校英文报社的一名记者,请你以“Protecting our animal friends”为题,写一篇不少于80词的英语短文。必须包含以下所给的要点提示,可适当发挥。 要点提示: 1.现状:很多动物濒临灭绝。 2.原因:(1)人们随意捕杀野生动物;(2)乱砍树木,破坏森林,使动物的生存空间越来越小。 3.呼吁:全校师生行动起来,爱护自然环境,保护动物。 Protecting our animal friends 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$