内容正文:
Unit 4 Space Exploration
话题
太空探索
词汇
1.determined adj. 有决心的;意志坚定的2.launch vt. & n. 发射;发起;上市3.disappointed adj. 失望的;沮丧的4.desire n. 渴望;欲望 vt. 渴望;期望5.independently adv. 独立地;自立地
6.signal vt. & vi. 标志着;标明;发信号;示意 n. 信号;标志7.lack n. 缺乏;短缺 vt. 没有;缺乏8.argue vt. & vi. 论证;争辩;争论9.limited adj. 有限的10.attach vt. 系;绑;贴;重视;缠着
短语
1.carry on继续做,坚持干2.so as to (do sth. )为了;以便3.figure out 弄懂;弄清楚;弄明白
4.result in导致;造成5.run out用完;耗尽
句型
1.make+宾语+宾语补足语
2.not only. . . but also. . . 不仅……而且……
语法
一、不定式作定语
二、不定式作状语
(一)作目的状语
(二)作结果状语
(三)作原因状语
写作
正反对比议论文
考点1 determined adj. 有决心的;意志坚定的
However,some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space. (教材P40)
然而,一些科学家决意要帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。
用法归纳
①be determined to do sth. 决心做某事
②a determined effort to do sth. 坚决做某事的努力
词汇拓展
①determine v. 查明;确定;决定
◆determine to do sth. 决定/决心做某事
◆determine on sth. 决定某事
②determination n. 决心;测定;决定
特别提醒
be determined to do sth. 表示状态,可以与表示一段时间的状语连用,而determine to do sth. 表示动作,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
1.I have determined on as a volunteer teacher in the countryside after graduation. 我已决定毕业后到农村支教。
2.Our football team was determined the game despite difficulties.尽管困难重重,我们的足球队决心要赢得这场比赛。
3.Anna gave me a look—the kind that said she wouldn't change her mind.安娜给了我一个坚定的表情,这种表情表明她不会改变主意。
语境串记 John made up his mind to be a doctor, so he was buried in books, and to acquire more knowledge. Finally, his efforts paid off. So if you . .something, be a determined person and go ahead.约翰决定成为一名医生,所以他埋头看书,决心掌握更多知识。最后,他的努力得到了回报。因此,你如果决心做某件事,就成为一个坚定的人然后去做吧。
考点2 launch vt. & n. 发射;发起;上市
On 4 October 1957,the Sputnik 1 satellite was launched by the USSR and successfully orbited around Earth. (教材P40)1957年10月4日,“旅伴一号”人造卫星由苏联发射,并成功环绕地球运行。
用法归纳
1.In 1970,China successfully a satellite,which signalled a great success in China's space exploration.1970年,中国成功地发射了一颗卫星,这标志着中国太空探索的巨大成功。(主题素材·中国太空探索)
2.The organization has a fund-raising activity to raise $150,000.为了筹集15万美元,该组织发起了一场募捐活动。
3.The new generation of smartphones yesterday received much attention.昨天发布的新一代智能手机受到了广泛关注。
4.This morning's of the weather satellite has been put off due to mechanical problems. 由于机械故障,今天早上的气象卫星发射已被推迟。
考点3 disappointed adj. 失望的;沮丧的
These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed,but the desire to explore the universe never died. (教材P41)这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望,但是探索宇宙的渴望从未停止过。
用法归纳
①be disappointed to do sth. 对做某事感到失望
②be disappointed at/by sth. 对某事物感到失望
③be disappointed with/in sb. /sth. 对某人/某事物感到失望
④be disappointed that . . . 对……感到失望
词汇拓展
①disappoint v. 使失望
②disappointing adj. 令人失望的
③disappointment n. 失望
◆(much)to one's disappointment/to one's(great) disappointment使某人(大为)失望的是
1.I don't want him to be with/in me. 我不想让他对我失望。
2.He was disappointed find that they had left already. 他发现他们已经离开了,觉得很失望。
3.He was disappointed not getting the job,but he soon got over it. 没有得到这个工作,他很失望,但很快,他就想开了。
4.For the first few days,Kynan was always a bit that the cubs weren't there. 刚开始的几天,老虎幼崽不在那儿,凯南总是感到有点失望。
考点4.desire n. 渴望;欲望 vt. 渴望;期望
These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed,but the desire to explore the universe never died. (教材P41)这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望,但是探索宇宙的渴望从未停止过。
There is a desire for peace universally. 全世界都渴望和平。
用法归纳
①a/the desire for . . . 对……的渴望
②a/the desire to do sth. 对做某事的渴望
③desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
④desire sb. to do sth. 渴望某人做某事
词汇拓展
desirable adj. 理想的,可取的
1.I have a strong desire help the people who have lost their homes in disasters. 我强烈渴望帮助那些在灾难中失去家园的人。
2.He to study law,but his parents couldn't afford to send him to school. 他想学法律,但他的父母没有钱供他上学。
3.He desired me inform her that he had made his peace with his father. 他想让我告诉她,他已经和他的父亲和解了。
语境串记 My daughter is now a senior high school student. She that she (should) be admitted to a famous university. Besides, she has a strong to major in English while I her to study medicine in the future. But now she to have a good time in the coming summer holiday. 我的女儿现在是一名高中生。她渴望被一所著名的大学录取。此外,她很想主修英语,而我希望她将来学医。但是现在她渴望在即将到来的暑假中玩得高兴。
考点5 carry on继续做,坚持干
This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks. (教材P41)这是因为人们坚信太空探索的重要性,哪怕面临巨大的风险。
用法归纳
①carry on sth. 继续(做)某事
②carry on with sth. 继续(做)某事
③carry on doing sth. 继续做某事
词汇拓展
carry out 执行;实施;进行
1.Don't stop. Please . 别停。请继续。
2.Are you still the conversation?你们还在继续谈话吗?
3.Why not study at a medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her great career?为什么不像林巧稚那样去医学院学习,继续她的伟大事业呢?
4.She threw the ball back to the boy and then carried on her book. 她把球扔回给男孩,然后继续看她的书。
5.I myself will firmly carry this plan. 我本人将坚决执行这个计划。
6.Please carry as usual while I am away.我不在时,请照常进行。
7.Whatever difficulty we meet with, we will carry (with) the project.不管遇到什么困难,我们都将继续这项工程。
8.If you carry on like that, you will make yourself ill. 你如果继续那样工作,会生病的。
考点6 independently adv. 独立地;自立地
China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003. . . (教材P41)
在2003年,中国成为世界上第三个独立将人类送入太空的国家……
词汇拓展
①independent adj. 独立的;自主的;自立的;不相关的;不受影响的
be independent from/of(国家)从……独立
The US became independent from/of the UK in 1776. 1776年美国从英国获得独立。
be independent of不依赖……;不受……的影响;与……不相关
②independence n. 独立
1.I used to be on my parents. Now I'm independent of them. 我从前依赖父母,现在我不依赖他们了。
2.Generally speaking, teenagers are encouraged to learn to be in school lives. 普遍来说,青少年在校园生活中被鼓励学会独立。
3.Now that you are a college student, you should learn to be of your parents.你既然是一名大学生了,就应该学着不依赖父母。
考点7.signal vt. & vi. 标志着;标明;发信号;示意 n. 信号;标志
This signalled one step further in China's plan to establish a space station in the future. (教材P41)这标志着中国在未来建立空间站的计划又向前迈进了一步。
用法归纳
①signal to sb. 向某人示意
②signal(to) sb. to do sth. 示意某人做某事
③send out a signal发出信号
④traffic signals交通信号灯
1.The election results surely the start of a new era. 选举结果无疑标志着一个新纪元的开始。
2.The policeman (to/for) the children to cross the road when the traffic lights turned green.当交通信号灯变绿时,警察示意孩子们过马路。
3.When Anna got up from the table, it was obviously the signal us to leave.安娜从桌边站起来,这显然是要我们离开。
4.Just like the traffic itself, the timing of the changes.就像交通本身一样,信号灯的时间也会发生变化。
5.The change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning . .that we really have changed our planet.海洋颜色的变化将是我们真正改变地球的早期警示信号之一。
6.Because the moon's body blocks radio communication with a probe,China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot where it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.由于月球阻挡了与探测器的直接无线电通信,中国首先必须将一颗卫星放在月球上方的轨道上,以便它可以向航天器和地球发送信号。
考点8 so as to (do sth. )为了;以便
In space,astronauts collect all dirty water so as to recycle it for later use. (教材P42)在太空中,航天员收集所有的脏水为了以后循环使用。
用法归纳
so as to do. . . 表 目的 ,通常不置于句首。其否定形式是在to前加not,即so as not to do. . . 。
词汇拓展
①in order to do. . . 在句中作目的状语,可置于句首或句末,置于句末时可与so as to
do. . . 互换。其否定形式为in order not to do. . . 。
②in order that、so that可引导目的状语从句,从句中常有情态动词can、may、could、might等,当主句的主语和从句的主语一致时,in order that、so that可以和in order to do. . . 、so as to do. . . 互换。
1.We got up early in order to/so as to catch the early bus.
= catch the early bus,we got up early.
=We got up early we could catch the early bus. 为了赶上早班公交车,我们起得很早。
2.为了提高学生们的英语水平,我们学校决定举办一次英语演讲比赛。
Our school has decided to hold an English speech contest improve students' English.
improve students' English, our school has decided to hold an English speech contest.
考点9.lack n. 缺乏;短缺 vt. 没有;缺乏
Astronauts' bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity,so they need to exercise every day,which will help them stay healthy. 在太空中由于缺乏引力,航天员的骨骼和肌肉可能会变得很弱,因此他们需要每天锻炼,这有助于他们保持健康。(教材P42)
用法归纳
①(a/the) lack of . . . 缺少……
② for lack of由于缺少……
③lack sth. 缺少某物
词汇拓展
◆lacking adj. 欠缺的;缺乏的
◆be lacking in 缺乏……
1.A diet in nutrition cannot keep a person healthy. 缺乏营养的饮食不能维持人的健康。
2.The leaves turned yellow for of light.由于缺少光照,叶子变黄了。
3.There is no of beauty in life but lack of the eyes to discover it.生活中并不缺少美,而是缺少发现美的眼睛。4.The reason why he failed in the driving test was that he confidence in himself. 他驾照考试失败的原因是对自己缺乏信心。
考点10.figure out 弄懂;弄清楚;弄明白
Will scientists figure out a way to store sufficient food and water for the long journey?(教材P42)科学家们会想出一种方法来为长途旅行储存足够的食物和水吗?
用法归纳
figure out wh-/how. . . 弄清楚/计算出……
词汇拓展
①figure v. 计算;认为 n. 数字;人物;身材;雕像
②“动词+out”构成的其他短语:
break out(战争、灾难等)爆发;突然开始
bring out使显现;出版;生产
give out发出,放出(热、光等);分发;用完;耗尽
leave out遗漏,不包括
pick out精心挑选;辨别出
turn out制造;生产;原来是;结果是
1.I still can't figure why she burst into tears yesterday. 我仍然想不明白她昨天为什么会突然大哭起来。
2.Many people go crazy trying to figure how to spend time with friends,family,work,play,etc.
很多人疯狂地试图弄清楚如何与朋友、家人、工作、娱乐等共度时光。
考点11.so that引导的状语从句
In space,astronauts collect all dirty water so that it can be recycled for later use. 宇航员们在太空中收集所有的污水,以便回收供日后使用。
状语从句类型
用法
so that
引导目的状语从句,
意为"为了,以便"。
(1)可用in order that替换,so that 一般不用于句
首,而in order that可用于句首。从句谓语部分常含
有will/would/may/might/can/could等情态动词。
状语从句类型
用法
so that
引导目的状语从句,
意为"为了,以便"。
(2)当so that引导的目的状语从句中的主语与主句
中的主语一致时,可以直接将从句简化为动词不定
式或"in order to/so as to"结构。注意:so as to不
能放在句首,而in order to可放在句首。
so that
引导结果状语从句,
意为"因此,结果"。
主句与从句可用逗号隔开。
特别提醒 学习so that时,还应注意它与so… that…(如此……以至于……)的区别,
so… that…仅用于引导结果状语从句。so后常接形容词、副词或"形容词+a(n)+可数名词单数"。
1.我们早早起床,以便能准时到那儿。
We got up early so that we could get there on time.
We got up early get there on time.
We got up early get there on time.
2.Jim is very humorous we like him very much.吉姆非常幽默,因此我们都非常喜欢他。
3.It is cold you can't go outside unless fully covered in thick clothes. 天太冷了,除非穿上厚厚的衣服,否则你不能出去。
4.My brother studied hard he made great progress.我哥哥学习如此努力,因此他进步很大。
5.Smith is open-minded a person he adjusts to different cultures in a short time.史密斯是一个思想非常开放的人,因此他很快就能适应不同的文化。
考点12.argue vt. & vi. 论证;争辩;争论
Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space. (教材P44)有些人主张我们应该停止浪费时间和金钱来探索太空。
用法归纳
①argue (with sb. ) about / over sth. 为某事物(与某人)争论/争吵
②argue against/ for (doing) sth. 陈述理由反对/支持(做)某事
③argue sb. into/ out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事
④argue that. . . 主张……
词汇拓展
①argument n. 争论;论点;论据
◆have an argument with sb. about/over sth. 就某事物与某人发生争吵
We had an argument with the waiter over the bill. 我们跟服务员就账单发生了争吵。
◆get into an argument with. . . 和……争吵起来
②表示“说服/劝说某人做某事”的搭配还有:persuade sb. into doing sth. /to do sth. 、talk sb. into doing sth. 、advise sb. to do sth. 等。
1.In this book, he that as we seek to escape pain or sorrow, we're weakening ourselves and may lose our adaptability to deal with pain in the future.在这本书中,他认为当我们试图逃避痛苦或悲伤时,我们正在削弱自己,并且未来可能会失去应对痛苦的适应能力。
2.I argued . .the plan while my elder sister argued against it.我赞成这个计划,而我的姐姐反对它。
3.John's family tried to him out of going on such a dangerous journey.约翰的家人努力说服他不要踏上如此危险的旅程。
4.My parents argued each other about the best place for a holiday.我的父母就度假的最佳去处互相争论起来。
5.Lily's for the trip is that it can broaden our horizons. 莉莉支持旅行的理由是它可以开阔我们的眼界。
考点13.result in导致;造成
It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth. (教材P44)它已经直接导致了很多现在绕地球运行的人造卫星(的出现)。
词汇拓展
◆result from因……发生;随……产生
Our homesickness may result from a sense of strangeness when we enter a new environment. 当我们进入一个新环境之后,我们的思乡之情可能是陌生感造成的。
◆as a result of 由于……
◆as a result 结果
The driver drove after drinking. As a result,he was arrested. 这个司机酒后驾驶。结果,他被拘留了。
◆表示“导致”的短语还有bring about、lead to、contribute to等。
语境串记 Toby didn't sleep well last night. As a result of lacking sleep, he felt quite sleepy while driving. His careless driving in an accident. As a , a passer-by got hurt. Therefore, one must be very careful while driving, for car accidents mostly from tiredness in driving. 托比昨晚没睡好。由于缺乏睡眠,
开车时他昏昏欲睡。他的粗心驾驶导致了一场事故。结果,一个行人受伤了。所以,开车的时候一定要非常小心,因为车祸大多是由疲劳驾驶造成的。
考点14.limited adj. 有限的
Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet's resources are limited. (教材P44)看到我们的星球如同黑海中的一座岛屿的照片让人们意识到我们星球的资源是有限的。
词汇拓展
①limit vt. 限制;限定 n. 界限;限度
◆limit. . . to. . . 把……限制在……内(被动语态be limited to. . . )
The length of the article should be to 400 words or so. 文章的长度应该限制在400词左右。
◆set a limit设定限度
◆there is a/no limit to. . . ……是有限的/无限的
There is a limit to one's life,but no to serving the people. 人的生命是有限的,但为人民服务是无限的。
②unlimited adj. 尽量多的;任意多的;无限制的
③limitless adj. 无限的
④limitation n. 限制;控制;局限
The last paragraph is mainly about a major of the study. 最后一段主要是关于该研究的一个重大的局限性。
考点15.run out用完;耗尽
It is necessary to find a new home for people in space,as the resources on Earth will run out. (教材P45)
在太空中为人们找到新家园是很有必要的,因为地球上的资源将会耗尽。
易混辨析
run out/give out
不及物动词短语,以物作主语,sth. runs out/gives out表示“某物用完”
run out of/use up
及物动词短语,以人作主语,物作宾语,sb. runs out of/uses up sth. 表示“某人用完某物”
词汇拓展
◆run after追逐;追求
He ran after her,calling her name. 他叫着她的名字在后面追她。
◆run across偶然遇到
◆run into撞上;遇到(困难等);碰到(某人)
1.He ran Tom in the corridor a few minutes later. 几分钟后他在走廊里撞见了汤姆。
2.By the time we arrive at the destination,we will have run the gas. =By the time we arrive at the destination,the gas will have run out/given out. 等我们到达目的地时,我们的汽油就用完了。
语境串记 Tom was running Jerry when Jerry ran into a pole. Finally, both of them ran of their strength so they shook hands and made peace.汤姆正在追赶杰里,这时杰里撞上了一根柱子。最后,他俩都耗尽了力气,所以他们握手言和了。
考点16.attach vt. 系;绑;贴;重视;缠着
While sleeping,they must attach themselves to something so as to prevent floating around. (教材P46)睡觉的时候,他们必须把自己系在某个东西上以防止到处飘。
用法归纳
①attach. . . to . . . 把……固定/附在……上
②attach importance/significance/value to sth. 认为某物重要/有意义/有价值
③attach oneself to sb. 和某人在一起,缠着某人
词汇拓展
①attached adj. 依恋;附属于
◆be attached to 附属于……;依恋……
②attachment n. 附属物;(电子邮件的)附件;喜欢
1.How attached are you your landline?你有多喜欢你的座机?
2.Please these labels to your hand luggage. 请把这些标签贴在您的手提行李上。
3.Parents attach much to education. 父母认为教育很重要。
考点17.make+宾语+宾语补足语
These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed,but the desire to explore the universe never died. (教材P41)这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望,但探索宇宙的欲望从未消失。
用法归纳
make复合结构的构成:
①make+sb. /sth. + 动词原形 让某人/某物做某事
②make+sb. /sth. + 过去分词 使某人/某物被……
③make+sb. /sth. + 形容词 使某人/某物……
④make+sb. /sth. + 名词 让某人/某物成为……
1.I didn't say anything for fear that I would make things worse. 我什么也没说,以免我会把事情弄得更糟。
2.She him her assistant. 她委派他作自己的助手。
3.It's too noisy. I can't make my voice . 太吵了。我无法让别人听到我的声音。
4.I felt he treated me as though I would hold him back and probably make him to get an A in the course. 我觉得他对待我的态度就好像我会阻碍他,可能会让他在这门课上拿不到A。
考点18.not only. . . but also. . . 不仅……而且……
Despite the difficulties,scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe began,but also help us survive well into the future. (教材P41)尽管困难重重,但科学家们希望未来的发现不仅会让我们了解宇宙的起源,而且会帮助我们很好地生存到未来。
用法归纳
①not only. . . but also. . . 用于连接两个 并列 的成分,意为“不但……而且……”,
其中also有时可以省略。
②若连接两个分句且not only位于句首时,not only所在的分句要用 部分倒装 。
③连接两个并列成分作主语时,谓语动词遵循“ 就近一致 ”原则,即谓语动词与but also后的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
结构拓展
遵循“就近一致”原则的并列连词还有:
◆either. . . or. . . 不是……就是……
◆not. . . but. . . 不是……而是……
◆neither. . . nor. . . 既不……也不……
1.Not only the students but (also) their teacher playing football. 不仅学生而且他们的老师都喜欢踢足球。
2.He not only read the book,but (also) what he had read. 他不但读过此书,而且把所读的内容都记住了。
3.It not only the gift but also the love of the children for her that moved her very much. 不仅是这份礼物,而且孩子们对她的爱也让她非常感动。
4.Either he or you to blame. =Either you or he to blame. 不是他就是你该受责备。
5.Not the passengers but the driver to blame. 不是乘客而是司机应该受到责备。
6.Neither my wife nor I myself able to persuade my daughter to change her mind and finally she joined in the game. 我妻子和我本人都没能说服我女儿改变主意,最终她参加了这个比赛。
1. 语法精讲
不定式作定语和状语
一、不定式作定语
用法归纳
1. 不定式作定语,修饰名词或代词,通常要放在被修饰词的① 后面 。
2. 用不定式作定语的几种情况:
(1)不定式作定语往往表示将要发生的或通常发生的动作;
(2)当中心词为序数词、形容词最高级、the last、the only等或中心词被这类词修饰时,常用不定式作定语;
(3)被修饰词是抽象名词时,常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有:② desire 、
way、reason、plan、ability、chance、opportunity、freedom、need、right、wish、excuse、promise、attempt等;
(4)不定代词something、nothing等后面也常用不定式作定语。
特别提醒
1. 作定语的不定式若为不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等时,其后须加上适当的介词。
I am looking for a room to live in. 我正在找一间屋子住。
2. 当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时,不定式既可以用主动形式,也可以用被动形式,但其含义有所不同。
Do you have anything to send?你有什么东西要寄吗?(“寄”这一动作的执行者是“你”)
Do you have anything to be sent?你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?(“寄”这一动作的执行者是“我”或“别人”)
1.I borrowed some books to read during my holiday. 我借了一些我假期要读的书。
2.The best way to strengthen willpower is to make it a habit. 增强意志力的最好方法就是让它成为一种习惯。
3.Do you have something to eat?你有吃的东西吗?
4.These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed,but the desire to explore the universe never died.
这些灾难让每个人感到悲伤和失望,但是探索宇宙的欲望从未消失。
5.Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space. 尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。
二、不定式作状语
(一)作目的状语
用法归纳
不定式用作目的状语有两个可能的位置,一是在句首,二是在句末。有时为了强调和突出目的性,可以用in order to或so as to来表达。
1.To avoid any delay,please phone directly. 为避免任何延误,请直接打电话。
2.Firemen had to break the door down to rescue the people trapped inside. 为了营救困在里面的人,消防队员不得不破门而入。
3.She arrived early in order to/so as to get a good seat. 她到得很早,就是为了得到个好座位。
(二)作结果状语
用法归纳
不定式用作结果状语通常放在句末。常用在so. . . as to. . . 、such. . . as to. . . 、enough
to. . . 、③ too . . . to. . . 等结构中。有时不定式表示一种出人意料的结果,可以在前面加上only。
1.They also really wish to discover other planets that are suitable enough to support life. 他们也非常希望发现其他足够适合生命生存的行星。
2.I arrived at the shop only to find I'd left all my money at home. 我到商店却发现我把我的钱全落在家里了。(表示一种出乎意料的结果)
3.As a conductor he is too experienced to mind what the critics say. 作为一位指挥家,他经验非常丰富,不会介意评论家们说什么。
(三)作原因状语
用法归纳
不定式用作原因状语时主要用于“be+④ 形容词 +不定式”结构中,表示产生某种情绪或状态的原因。
1.He was glad to be home again. 他很高兴又回到了家。
2.I'm sorry to hear that you have been ill. 听说你病了,我很难过。
单元语法专练
1.If you want to be admitted into the English club, you must have the basic ability (read) and write in English.
2.Many specialists have been struggling to find a way (predict) the earthquake.
3.Our mother is always the first person (get)up. She always prepares a hearty breakfast for us, and we all love her.
4.A great number of immediate measures have been taken (ensure) people's lives and safety.
5.He surfs the Internet every day (keep) track of the latest news.
6.Mr. Brown hurried to the station, only (find) that the train had left.
7.Please be patient with her. She is too young (understand) that.
8.The father walked slowly enough (make) his child follow him.
9.There were so many people that Lucy had to shout and wave so as (notice).
10.如果你给我这样一次机会展示我的天赋我将感激不尽。
I would appreciate it if you could give me such my talent.
11.毫无疑问这个活动给我们提供了一个亲近大自然的机会。
There is no doubt that the activity offers us a chance nature.
12.为了保持健康,我们应该设法每天保持好心情。
, we should try to be in a good mood each day.
13.知道自己被一所重点大学录取,她是如此高兴以至于双手掩面、喜极而泣。
She was so glad she was admitted to a key university that she buried her face in her hands and wept for joy.
二.写作精讲
正反对比议论文
最近,你班同学就“太空是否值得探索”这一话题展开了一场讨论。请你根据下表提供的信息,用英语写一篇短文介绍讨论的情况,并谈谈自己的看法。
观点
太空值得探索
太空不值得探索
理由
1.已经在对抗世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了作用;
2.人们受益良多。
1.离我们和我们的日常生活太遥远;
2.浪费金钱。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
思路点拨
遣词造句
Ⅰ.用本单元所学单词或短语填空
1. n.争论
2. n.资料;数据
3. 太空探索
4. 有影响;起作用
Ⅱ.本单元语块、语法运用
1.完成句子
第一段:开门见山,点明讨论话题
(1)Recently, our class have had (一场激烈的讨论).
(2)The topic is (太空是否值得探索).
第二段:介绍支持和反对的理由
(3)Some students think space exploration is too far away from us and our daily life and is (浪费金钱).
(4)However, others think space (值得探索).
(5)Exploring space has already (起了作用) in the fight against world hunger.
(6)It collects and provides (最新的数据) for the farmers.
(7)People have (从……受益很多) it.
第三段:表达个人观点
(8) (在我看来), it is worthwhile to explore space.
2.句式升级
(9)将句(1)和句(2)合并为含有定语从句的主从复合句
(10)将句(4)、句(5)和句(6)合并为含有because引导的原因状语从句和by引出的方式状语的主从复合句
连句成篇
实战演练
最近,你们班在英语课上就“海外研学是否值得”这一话题展开了讨论。请根据下表用英语写一篇短文介绍讨论的情况并谈谈自己的看法。
赞成:55%
反对:45%
你的看法
拓宽视野;
提高外语能力
增加花销;
占用学习时间
……
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
参考词汇:海外研学overseas study tours
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
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Unit 4 Space Exploration
话题
太空探索
词汇
1.determined adj. 有决心的;意志坚定的2.launch vt. & n. 发射;发起;上市3.disappointed adj. 失望的;沮丧的4.desire n. 渴望;欲望 vt. 渴望;期望5.independently adv. 独立地;自立地
6.signal vt. & vi. 标志着;标明;发信号;示意 n. 信号;标志7.lack n. 缺乏;短缺 vt. 没有;缺乏8.argue vt. & vi. 论证;争辩;争论9.limited adj. 有限的10.attach vt. 系;绑;贴;重视;缠着
短语
1.carry on继续做,坚持干2.so as to (do sth. )为了;以便3.figure out 弄懂;弄清楚;弄明白
4.result in导致;造成5.run out用完;耗尽
句型
1.make+宾语+宾语补足语
2.not only. . . but also. . . 不仅……而且……
语法
一、不定式作定语
二、不定式作状语
(一)作目的状语
(二)作结果状语
(三)作原因状语
写作
正反对比议论文
考点1 determined adj. 有决心的;意志坚定的
However,some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space. (教材P40)
然而,一些科学家决意要帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。
用法归纳
①be determined to do sth. 决心做某事
②a determined effort to do sth. 坚决做某事的努力
词汇拓展
①determine v. 查明;确定;决定
◆determine to do sth. 决定/决心做某事
◆determine on sth. 决定某事
②determination n. 决心;测定;决定
特别提醒
be determined to do sth. 表示状态,可以与表示一段时间的状语连用,而determine to do sth. 表示动作,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
1.I have determined on working as a volunteer teacher in the countryside after graduation. 我已决定毕业后到农村支教。
2.Our football team was determined to win the game despite difficulties.尽管困难重重,我们的足球队决心要赢得这场比赛。
3.Anna gave me a determined look—the kind that said she wouldn't change her mind.安娜给了我一个坚定的表情,这种表情表明她不会改变主意。
语境串记 John made up his mind to be a doctor, so he was buried in books, and determined to acquire more knowledge. Finally, his efforts paid off. So if you determine/are determined to do. .something, be a determined person and go ahead.约翰决定成为一名医生,所以他埋头看书,决心掌握更多知识。最后,他的努力得到了回报。因此,你如果决心做某件事,就成为一个坚定的人然后去做吧。
考点2 launch vt. & n. 发射;发起;上市
On 4 October 1957,the Sputnik 1 satellite was launched by the USSR and successfully orbited around Earth. (教材P40)1957年10月4日,“旅伴一号”人造卫星由苏联发射,并成功环绕地球运行。
用法归纳
1.In 1970,China successfully launched a satellite,which signalled a great success in China's space exploration.1970年,中国成功地发射了一颗卫星,这标志着中国太空探索的巨大成功。(主题素材·中国太空探索)
2.The organization has launched a fund-raising activity to raise $150,000.为了筹集15万美元,该组织发起了一场募捐活动。
3.The new generation of smartphones launched yesterday received much attention.昨天发布的新一代智能手机受到了广泛关注。
4.This morning's launch of the weather satellite has been put off due to mechanical problems. 由于机械故障,今天早上的气象卫星发射已被推迟。
考点3 disappointed adj. 失望的;沮丧的
These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed,but the desire to explore the universe never died. (教材P41)这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望,但是探索宇宙的渴望从未停止过。
用法归纳
①be disappointed to do sth. 对做某事感到失望
②be disappointed at/by sth. 对某事物感到失望
③be disappointed with/in sb. /sth. 对某人/某事物感到失望
④be disappointed that . . . 对……感到失望
词汇拓展
①disappoint v. 使失望
②disappointing adj. 令人失望的
③disappointment n. 失望
◆(much)to one's disappointment/to one's(great) disappointment使某人(大为)失望的是
1.I don't want him to be disappointed with/in me. 我不想让他对我失望。
2.He was disappointed to find that they had left already. 他发现他们已经离开了,觉得很失望。
3.He was disappointed at/by not getting the job,but he soon got over it. 没有得到这个工作,他很失望,但很快,他就想开了。
4.For the first few days,Kynan was always a bit disappointed that the cubs weren't there. 刚开始的几天,老虎幼崽不在那儿,凯南总是感到有点失望。
考点4.desire n. 渴望;欲望 vt. 渴望;期望
These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed,but the desire to explore the universe never died. (教材P41)这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望,但是探索宇宙的渴望从未停止过。
There is a desire for peace universally. 全世界都渴望和平。
用法归纳
①a/the desire for . . . 对……的渴望
②a/the desire to do sth. 对做某事的渴望
③desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
④desire sb. to do sth. 渴望某人做某事
词汇拓展
desirable adj. 理想的,可取的
1.I have a strong desire to help the people who have lost their homes in disasters. 我强烈渴望帮助那些在灾难中失去家园的人。
2.He desired to study law,but his parents couldn't afford to send him to school. 他想学法律,但他的父母没有钱供他上学。
3.He desired me to inform her that he had made his peace with his father. 他想让我告诉她,他已经和他的父亲和解了。
语境串记 My daughter is now a senior high school student. She desires/has a desire that she (should) be admitted to a famous university. Besides, she has a strong desire to major in English while I desire her to study medicine in the future. But now she desires to have a good time in the coming summer holiday. 我的女儿现在是一名高中生。她渴望被一所著名的大学录取。此外,她很想主修英语,而我希望她将来学医。但是现在她渴望在即将到来的暑假中玩得高兴。
考点5 carry on继续做,坚持干
This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks. (教材P41)这是因为人们坚信太空探索的重要性,哪怕面临巨大的风险。
用法归纳
①carry on sth. 继续(做)某事
②carry on with sth. 继续(做)某事
③carry on doing sth. 继续做某事
词汇拓展
carry out 执行;实施;进行
1.Don't stop. Please carry on. 别停。请继续。
2.Are you still carrying on the conversation?你们还在继续谈话吗?
3.Why not study at a medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on with her great career?为什么不像林巧稚那样去医学院学习,继续她的伟大事业呢?
4.She threw the ball back to the boy and then carried on reading her book. 她把球扔回给男孩,然后继续看她的书。
5.I myself will firmly carry out this plan. 我本人将坚决执行这个计划。
6.Please carry on as usual while I am away.我不在时,请照常进行。
7.Whatever difficulty we meet with, we will carry on (with) the project.不管遇到什么困难,我们都将继续这项工程。
8.If you carry on working like that, you will make yourself ill. 你如果继续那样工作,会生病的。
考点6 independently adv. 独立地;自立地
China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003. . . (教材P41)
在2003年,中国成为世界上第三个独立将人类送入太空的国家……
词汇拓展
①independent adj. 独立的;自主的;自立的;不相关的;不受影响的
be independent from/of(国家)从……独立
The US became independent from/of the UK in 1776. 1776年美国从英国获得独立。
be independent of不依赖……;不受……的影响;与……不相关
②independence n. 独立
1.I used to be dependent on my parents. Now I'm independent of them. 我从前依赖父母,现在我不依赖他们了。
2.Generally speaking, teenagers are encouraged to learn to be independent in school lives. 普遍来说,青少年在校园生活中被鼓励学会独立。
3.Now that you are a college student, you should learn to be independent of your parents.你既然是一名大学生了,就应该学着不依赖父母。
考点7.signal vt. & vi. 标志着;标明;发信号;示意 n. 信号;标志
This signalled one step further in China's plan to establish a space station in the future. (教材P41)这标志着中国在未来建立空间站的计划又向前迈进了一步。
用法归纳
①signal to sb. 向某人示意
②signal(to) sb. to do sth. 示意某人做某事
③send out a signal发出信号
④traffic signals交通信号灯
1.The election results surely signalled the start of a new era. 选举结果无疑标志着一个新纪元的开始。
2.The policeman signalled (to/for) the children to cross the road when the traffic lights turned green.当交通信号灯变绿时,警察示意孩子们过马路。
3.When Anna got up from the table, it was obviously the signal for us to leave.安娜从桌边站起来,这显然是要我们离开。
4.Just like the traffic itself, the timing of the signals changes.就像交通本身一样,信号灯的时间也会发生变化。
5.The change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals. .that we really have changed our planet.海洋颜色的变化将是我们真正改变地球的早期警示信号之一。
6.Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe,China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot where it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.由于月球阻挡了与探测器的直接无线电通信,中国首先必须将一颗卫星放在月球上方的轨道上,以便它可以向航天器和地球发送信号。
考点8 so as to (do sth. )为了;以便
In space,astronauts collect all dirty water so as to recycle it for later use. (教材P42)在太空中,航天员收集所有的脏水为了以后循环使用。
用法归纳
so as to do. . . 表 目的 ,通常不置于句首。其否定形式是在to前加not,即so as not to do. . . 。
词汇拓展
①in order to do. . . 在句中作目的状语,可置于句首或句末,置于句末时可与so as to
do. . . 互换。其否定形式为in order not to do. . . 。
②in order that、so that可引导目的状语从句,从句中常有情态动词can、may、could、might等,当主句的主语和从句的主语一致时,in order that、so that可以和in order to do. . . 、so as to do. . . 互换。
1.We got up early in order to/so as to catch the early bus.
=In order to catch the early bus,we got up early.
=We got up early in order that/so that we could catch the early bus. 为了赶上早班公交车,我们起得很早。
2.为了提高学生们的英语水平,我们学校决定举办一次英语演讲比赛。
Our school has decided to hold an English speech contest so as to/in order to improve students' English.
In order to improve students' English, our school has decided to hold an English speech contest.
考点9.lack n. 缺乏;短缺 vt. 没有;缺乏
Astronauts' bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity,so they need to exercise every day,which will help them stay healthy. 在太空中由于缺乏引力,航天员的骨骼和肌肉可能会变得很弱,因此他们需要每天锻炼,这有助于他们保持健康。(教材P42)
用法归纳
①(a/the) lack of . . . 缺少……
② for lack of由于缺少……
③lack sth. 缺少某物
词汇拓展
◆lacking adj. 欠缺的;缺乏的
◆be lacking in 缺乏……
1.A diet lacking in nutrition cannot keep a person healthy. 缺乏营养的饮食不能维持人的健康。
2.The leaves turned yellow for lack of light.由于缺少光照,叶子变黄了。
3.There is no lack of beauty in life but lack of the eyes to discover it.生活中并不缺少美,而是缺少发现美的眼睛。4.The reason why he failed in the driving test was that he lacked confidence in himself. 他驾照考试失败的原因是对自己缺乏信心。
考点10.figure out 弄懂;弄清楚;弄明白
Will scientists figure out a way to store sufficient food and water for the long journey?(教材P42)科学家们会想出一种方法来为长途旅行储存足够的食物和水吗?
用法归纳
figure out wh-/how. . . 弄清楚/计算出……
词汇拓展
①figure v. 计算;认为 n. 数字;人物;身材;雕像
②“动词+out”构成的其他短语:
break out(战争、灾难等)爆发;突然开始
bring out使显现;出版;生产
give out发出,放出(热、光等);分发;用完;耗尽
leave out遗漏,不包括
pick out精心挑选;辨别出
turn out制造;生产;原来是;结果是
1.I still can't figure out why she burst into tears yesterday. 我仍然想不明白她昨天为什么会突然大哭起来。
2.Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends,family,work,play,etc.
很多人疯狂地试图弄清楚如何与朋友、家人、工作、娱乐等共度时光。
考点11.so that引导的状语从句
In space,astronauts collect all dirty water so that it can be recycled for later use. 宇航员们在太空中收集所有的污水,以便回收供日后使用。
状语从句类型
用法
so that
引导目的状语从句,
意为"为了,以便"。
(1)可用in order that替换,so that 一般不用于句
首,而in order that可用于句首。从句谓语部分常含
有will/would/may/might/can/could等情态动词。
状语从句类型
用法
so that
引导目的状语从句,
意为"为了,以便"。
(2)当so that引导的目的状语从句中的主语与主句
中的主语一致时,可以直接将从句简化为动词不定
式或"in order to/so as to"结构。注意:so as to不
能放在句首,而in order to可放在句首。
so that
引导结果状语从句,
意为"因此,结果"。
主句与从句可用逗号隔开。
特别提醒 学习so that时,还应注意它与so… that…(如此……以至于……)的区别,
so… that…仅用于引导结果状语从句。so后常接形容词、副词或"形容词+a(n)+可数名词单数"。
1.我们早早起床,以便能准时到那儿。
We got up early so that we could get there on time.
We got up early to get there on time.
We got up early in order to/so as to get there on time.
2.Jim is very humorous so that we like him very much.吉姆非常幽默,因此我们都非常喜欢他。
3.It is so cold that you can't go outside unless fully covered in thick clothes. 天太冷了,除非穿上厚厚的衣服,否则你不能出去。
4.My brother studied so hard that he made great progress.我哥哥学习如此努力,因此他进步很大。
5.Smith is so open-minded a person that he adjusts to different cultures in a short time.史密斯是一个思想非常开放的人,因此他很快就能适应不同的文化。
考点12.argue vt. & vi. 论证;争辩;争论
Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space. (教材P44)有些人主张我们应该停止浪费时间和金钱来探索太空。
用法归纳
①argue (with sb. ) about / over sth. 为某事物(与某人)争论/争吵
②argue against/ for (doing) sth. 陈述理由反对/支持(做)某事
③argue sb. into/ out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事
④argue that. . . 主张……
词汇拓展
①argument n. 争论;论点;论据
◆have an argument with sb. about/over sth. 就某事物与某人发生争吵
We had an argument with the waiter over the bill. 我们跟服务员就账单发生了争吵。
◆get into an argument with. . . 和……争吵起来
②表示“说服/劝说某人做某事”的搭配还有:persuade sb. into doing sth. /to do sth. 、talk sb. into doing sth. 、advise sb. to do sth. 等。
1.In this book, he argues that as we seek to escape pain or sorrow, we're weakening ourselves and may lose our adaptability to deal with pain in the future.在这本书中,他认为当我们试图逃避痛苦或悲伤时,我们正在削弱自己,并且未来可能会失去应对痛苦的适应能力。
2.I argued for. .the plan while my elder sister argued against it.我赞成这个计划,而我的姐姐反对它。
3.John's family tried to argue him out of going on such a dangerous journey.约翰的家人努力说服他不要踏上如此危险的旅程。
4.My parents argued with each other about the best place for a holiday.我的父母就度假的最佳去处互相争论起来。
5.Lily's argument for the trip is that it can broaden our horizons. 莉莉支持旅行的理由是它可以开阔我们的眼界。
考点13.result in导致;造成
It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth. (教材P44)它已经直接导致了很多现在绕地球运行的人造卫星(的出现)。
词汇拓展
◆result from因……发生;随……产生
Our homesickness may result from a sense of strangeness when we enter a new environment. 当我们进入一个新环境之后,我们的思乡之情可能是陌生感造成的。
◆as a result of 由于……
◆as a result 结果
The driver drove after drinking. As a result,he was arrested. 这个司机酒后驾驶。结果,他被拘留了。
◆表示“导致”的短语还有bring about、lead to、contribute to等。
语境串记 Toby didn't sleep well last night. As a result of lacking sleep, he felt quite sleepy while driving. His careless driving resulted in an accident. As a result, a passer-by got hurt. Therefore, one must be very careful while driving, for car accidents mostly result from tiredness in driving. 托比昨晚没睡好。由于缺乏睡眠,
开车时他昏昏欲睡。他的粗心驾驶导致了一场事故。结果,一个行人受伤了。所以,开车的时候一定要非常小心,因为车祸大多是由疲劳驾驶造成的。
考点14.limited adj. 有限的
Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet's resources are limited. (教材P44)看到我们的星球如同黑海中的一座岛屿的照片让人们意识到我们星球的资源是有限的。
词汇拓展
①limit vt. 限制;限定 n. 界限;限度
◆limit. . . to. . . 把……限制在……内(被动语态be limited to. . . )
The length of the article should be limited to 400 words or so. 文章的长度应该限制在400词左右。
◆set a limit设定限度
◆there is a/no limit to. . . ……是有限的/无限的
There is a limit to one's life,but no limit to serving the people. 人的生命是有限的,但为人民服务是无限的。
②unlimited adj. 尽量多的;任意多的;无限制的
③limitless adj. 无限的
④limitation n. 限制;控制;局限
The last paragraph is mainly about a major limitation of the study. 最后一段主要是关于该研究的一个重大的局限性。
考点15.run out用完;耗尽
It is necessary to find a new home for people in space,as the resources on Earth will run out. (教材P45)
在太空中为人们找到新家园是很有必要的,因为地球上的资源将会耗尽。
易混辨析
run out/give out
不及物动词短语,以物作主语,sth. runs out/gives out表示“某物用完”
run out of/use up
及物动词短语,以人作主语,物作宾语,sb. runs out of/uses up sth. 表示“某人用完某物”
词汇拓展
◆run after追逐;追求
He ran after her,calling her name. 他叫着她的名字在后面追她。
◆run across偶然遇到
◆run into撞上;遇到(困难等);碰到(某人)
1.He ran into Tom in the corridor a few minutes later. 几分钟后他在走廊里撞见了汤姆。
2.By the time we arrive at the destination,we will have run out of/used up the gas. =By the time we arrive at the destination,the gas will have run out/given out. 等我们到达目的地时,我们的汽油就用完了。
语境串记 Tom was running after Jerry when Jerry ran into a pole. Finally, both of them ran out of their strength so they shook hands and made peace.汤姆正在追赶杰里,这时杰里撞上了一根柱子。最后,他俩都耗尽了力气,所以他们握手言和了。
考点16.attach vt. 系;绑;贴;重视;缠着
While sleeping,they must attach themselves to something so as to prevent floating around. (教材P46)睡觉的时候,他们必须把自己系在某个东西上以防止到处飘。
用法归纳
①attach. . . to . . . 把……固定/附在……上
②attach importance/significance/value to sth. 认为某物重要/有意义/有价值
③attach oneself to sb. 和某人在一起,缠着某人
词汇拓展
①attached adj. 依恋;附属于
◆be attached to 附属于……;依恋……
②attachment n. 附属物;(电子邮件的)附件;喜欢
1.How attached are you to your landline?你有多喜欢你的座机?
2.Please attach these labels to your hand luggage. 请把这些标签贴在您的手提行李上。
3.Parents attach much importance to education. 父母认为教育很重要。
考点17.make+宾语+宾语补足语
These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed,but the desire to explore the universe never died. (教材P41)这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望,但探索宇宙的欲望从未消失。
用法归纳
make复合结构的构成:
①make+sb. /sth. + 动词原形 让某人/某物做某事
②make+sb. /sth. + 过去分词 使某人/某物被……
③make+sb. /sth. + 形容词 使某人/某物……
④make+sb. /sth. + 名词 让某人/某物成为……
1.I didn't say anything for fear that I would make things worse. 我什么也没说,以免我会把事情弄得更糟。
2.She made him her assistant. 她委派他作自己的助手。
3.It's too noisy. I can't make my voice heard. 太吵了。我无法让别人听到我的声音。
4.I felt he treated me as though I would hold him back and probably make him fail to get an A in the course. 我觉得他对待我的态度就好像我会阻碍他,可能会让他在这门课上拿不到A。
考点18.not only. . . but also. . . 不仅……而且……
Despite the difficulties,scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe began,but also help us survive well into the future. (教材P41)尽管困难重重,但科学家们希望未来的发现不仅会让我们了解宇宙的起源,而且会帮助我们很好地生存到未来。
用法归纳
①not only. . . but also. . . 用于连接两个 并列 的成分,意为“不但……而且……”,
其中also有时可以省略。
②若连接两个分句且not only位于句首时,not only所在的分句要用 部分倒装 。
③连接两个并列成分作主语时,谓语动词遵循“ 就近一致 ”原则,即谓语动词与but also后的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
结构拓展
遵循“就近一致”原则的并列连词还有:
◆either. . . or. . . 不是……就是……
◆not. . . but. . . 不是……而是……
◆neither. . . nor. . . 既不……也不……
1.Not only the students but (also) their teacher likes playing football. 不仅学生而且他们的老师都喜欢踢足球。
2.He not only read the book,but (also)remembered what he had read. 他不但读过此书,而且把所读的内容都记住了。
3.It was not only the gift but also the love of the children for her that moved her very much. 不仅是这份礼物,而且孩子们对她的爱也让她非常感动。
4.Either he or you are to blame. =Either you or he is to blame. 不是他就是你该受责备。
5.Not the passengers but the driver was to blame. 不是乘客而是司机应该受到责备。
6.Neither my wife nor I myself was able to persuade my daughter to change her mind and finally she joined in the game. 我妻子和我本人都没能说服我女儿改变主意,最终她参加了这个比赛。
1. 语法精讲
不定式作定语和状语
一、不定式作定语
用法归纳
1. 不定式作定语,修饰名词或代词,通常要放在被修饰词的① 后面 。
2. 用不定式作定语的几种情况:
(1)不定式作定语往往表示将要发生的或通常发生的动作;
(2)当中心词为序数词、形容词最高级、the last、the only等或中心词被这类词修饰时,常用不定式作定语;
(3)被修饰词是抽象名词时,常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有:② desire 、
way、reason、plan、ability、chance、opportunity、freedom、need、right、wish、excuse、promise、attempt等;
(4)不定代词something、nothing等后面也常用不定式作定语。
特别提醒
1. 作定语的不定式若为不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等时,其后须加上适当的介词。
I am looking for a room to live in. 我正在找一间屋子住。
2. 当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时,不定式既可以用主动形式,也可以用被动形式,但其含义有所不同。
Do you have anything to send?你有什么东西要寄吗?(“寄”这一动作的执行者是“你”)
Do you have anything to be sent?你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?(“寄”这一动作的执行者是“我”或“别人”)
1.I borrowed some books to read during my holiday. 我借了一些我假期要读的书。
2.The best way to strengthen willpower is to make it a habit. 增强意志力的最好方法就是让它成为一种习惯。
3.Do you have something to eat?你有吃的东西吗?
4.These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed,but the desire to explore the universe never died.
这些灾难让每个人感到悲伤和失望,但是探索宇宙的欲望从未消失。
5.Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space. 尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。
二、不定式作状语
(一)作目的状语
用法归纳
不定式用作目的状语有两个可能的位置,一是在句首,二是在句末。有时为了强调和突出目的性,可以用in order to或so as to来表达。
1.To avoid any delay,please phone directly. 为避免任何延误,请直接打电话。
2.Firemen had to break the door down to rescue the people trapped inside. 为了营救困在里面的人,消防队员不得不破门而入。
3.She arrived early in order to/so as to get a good seat. 她到得很早,就是为了得到个好座位。
(二)作结果状语
用法归纳
不定式用作结果状语通常放在句末。常用在so. . . as to. . . 、such. . . as to. . . 、enough
to. . . 、③ too . . . to. . . 等结构中。有时不定式表示一种出人意料的结果,可以在前面加上only。
1.They also really wish to discover other planets that are suitable enough to support life. 他们也非常希望发现其他足够适合生命生存的行星。
2.I arrived at the shop only to find I'd left all my money at home. 我到商店却发现我把我的钱全落在家里了。(表示一种出乎意料的结果)
3.As a conductor he is too experienced to mind what the critics say. 作为一位指挥家,他经验非常丰富,不会介意评论家们说什么。
(三)作原因状语
用法归纳
不定式用作原因状语时主要用于“be+④ 形容词 +不定式”结构中,表示产生某种情绪或状态的原因。
1.He was glad to be home again. 他很高兴又回到了家。
2.I'm sorry to hear that you have been ill. 听说你病了,我很难过。
单元语法专练
1.If you want to be admitted into the English club, you must have the basic ability (read) and write in English.
2.Many specialists have been struggling to find a way (predict) the earthquake.
3.Our mother is always the first person (get)up. She always prepares a hearty breakfast for us, and we all love her.
4.A great number of immediate measures have been taken (ensure) people's lives and safety.
5.He surfs the Internet every day (keep) track of the latest news.
6.Mr. Brown hurried to the station, only (find) that the train had left.
7.Please be patient with her. She is too young (understand) that.
8.The father walked slowly enough (make) his child follow him.
9.There were so many people that Lucy had to shout and wave so as (notice).
10.如果你给我这样一次机会展示我的天赋我将感激不尽。
I would appreciate it if you could give me such my talent.
11.毫无疑问这个活动给我们提供了一个亲近大自然的机会。
There is no doubt that the activity offers us a chance nature.
12.为了保持健康,我们应该设法每天保持好心情。
, we should try to be in a good mood each day.
13.知道自己被一所重点大学录取,她是如此高兴以至于双手掩面、喜极而泣。
She was so glad she was admitted to a key university that she buried her face in her hands and wept for joy.
1.to read 考查动词不定式作后置定语。句意:如果你想被准许加入英语俱乐部,你必须有基本的英语读写能力。the ability to do sth.意为“做某事的能力”,其中动词不定式作后置定语。故填to read。
2.to predict 考查动词不定式作后置定语。句意:许多专家一直在努力寻找预测地震的方法。a way to do sth.意为“做某事的方法”,其中动词不定式作后置定语。故填to predict。
3.to get 考查动词不定式作后置定语。句意:我们的妈妈总是第一个起床的人。她总是为我们准备一顿丰盛的早餐,我们都很爱她。person前有序数词,此处应用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to get。
4.to ensure 考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意:已经立即采取了大量措施来确保人们的生命安全。结合句意可知此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to ensure。
5.to keep 考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意:他每天上网以了解最新消息。结合句意可知此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to keep。
6.to find 考查动词不定式作结果状语。句意:布朗先生急匆匆地赶到车站,却发现火车已经开走了。此处表示出乎意料的结果,应用动词不定式作结果状语。故填to find。
7.to understand 考查动词不定式作结果状语。句意:请对她耐心点。她太小了,不能理解那件事。too...to do sth.为固定结构,意为“太……而不能做某事”,动词不定式作结果状语。故填to understand。
8.to make 考查动词不定式作结果状语。句意:父亲走得很慢,足以让孩子跟着他。...enough to do sth.表示“足够……做某事”,动词不定式作结果状语。故填to make。
9.to be noticed 考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意:人太多了,露西不得不叫喊和挥手以引起注意。so as to do sth.意为“为了做某事”,表目的。Lucy与notice之间是被动关系,因此应该用不定式的被动形式。故填to be noticed。
10.an opportunity/a chance to show 11.to get close to12.To keep healthy/fit 13.to know
二.写作精讲
正反对比议论文
最近,你班同学就“太空是否值得探索”这一话题展开了一场讨论。请你根据下表提供的信息,用英语写一篇短文介绍讨论的情况,并谈谈自己的看法。
观点
太空值得探索
太空不值得探索
理由
1.已经在对抗世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了作用;
2.人们受益良多。
1.离我们和我们的日常生活太遥远;
2.浪费金钱。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
思路点拨
遣词造句
Ⅰ.用本单元所学单词或短语填空
1. n.争论
2. n.资料;数据
3. 太空探索
4. 有影响;起作用
答案 1.argument 2.data 3.space exploration4.make a difference
Ⅱ.本单元语块、语法运用
1.完成句子
第一段:开门见山,点明讨论话题
(1)Recently, our class have had (一场激烈的讨论).
(2)The topic is (太空是否值得探索).
第二段:介绍支持和反对的理由
(3)Some students think space exploration is too far away from us and our daily life and is (浪费金钱).
(4)However, others think space (值得探索).
(5)Exploring space has already (起了作用) in the fight against world hunger.
(6)It collects and provides (最新的数据) for the farmers.
(7)People have (从……受益很多) it.
第三段:表达个人观点
(8) (在我看来), it is worthwhile to explore space.
答案 (1)a heated argument (2)whether space is worth exploring (3)a waste of money
(4)is worth exploring (5)made a difference
(6)the latest data (7)benefited a lot from (8)As far as I am concerned
2.句式升级
(9)将句(1)和句(2)合并为含有定语从句的主从复合句
(10)将句(4)、句(5)和句(6)合并为含有because引导的原因状语从句和by引出的方式状语的主从复合句
答案 (9)Recently, our class have had a heated argument whose topic is whether space is worth exploring. (10)However, others think space is worth exploring, because exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger by collecting and providing the latest data for the farmers.
连句成篇
Recently, our class have had a heated argument whose topic is whether space is worth exploring.
Some students think space exploration is too far away from us and our daily life and is a waste of money. However, others think space is worth exploring, because exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger by collecting and providing the latest data for the farmers. People have benefited a lot from it.
As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore space.
实战演练
最近,你们班在英语课上就“海外研学是否值得”这一话题展开了讨论。请根据下表用英语写一篇短文介绍讨论的情况并谈谈自己的看法。
赞成:55%
反对:45%
你的看法
拓宽视野;
提高外语能力
增加花销;
占用学习时间
……
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
参考词汇:海外研学overseas study tours
Recently we have had a discussion on whether it is worth going on overseas study tours.
55 percent of the students are in favor of overseas study tours, through which students' horizons can be broadened and their foreign language ability can be improved. However, 45 percent of the students are against overseas study tours. They hold the view that overseas study tours will increase the cost and occupy their study time.
As far as I am concerned, overseas study tours may be the motivation for me to study harder. It can help me open my eyes and have a better understanding of foreign cultures.
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