Unit 4 Space Exploration【单元卷•测试卷】-2024-2025学年高一英语单元速记•巧练（人教版2019必修第三册）

Unit 4 Space Exploration【单元卷•测试卷】 满分120分，时间100分钟 第一部分　阅读(共两节,满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A A good book about space can inspire an interest in exploring the universe. If you're hoping for a holiday gift for your kids, you're in the right place. Margaret and the Moon Age range: 4-8 　　In Margaret and the Moon, Dean Robbins outlines the pioneering software engineer's life, from the backyard of her childhood home, where she put forward a million questions about the night sky, to the hallways of NASA, where she led a team from MIT to develop the onboard flight software that would land the first men on the moon. I Am Neil Armstrong Age range: All ages In I Am Neil Armstrong, bestselling(畅销的) author Brad Meltzer shows kids how Neil Armstrong made it all the way to the moon. Meltzer begins the story with young Armstrong trying to climb to the top of a silver maple tree after falling and getting up. He continued this spirit throughout his career(职业). Look Inside Space Age range: 3 and up For parents of young kids, Usborne's prizewinning Look Inside Space is a must to share the history and technology of space exploration with starry-eyed kids. It explores the history of human space flights and the basics of stars and planets. It's enjoyable to all space fans, but is especially good for pre-school and kindergarten-age kids. Max Goes to the Space Station Age range: All ages Jeffrey Bennett's tale about a dog called Max and his adventures to the International Space Station isn't only an accurate look at what life in space is like. The book was actually sent into space and joined the station's library in 2014 as part of the Story Time from Space project. It enables readers to learn all sorts of fun facts about space. 1.What's the text mainly intended to introduce? A.How to find holiday gifts for your kids. B.Some kids' space books for the holidays. C.How to inspire kids' interest in the universe. D.Some books about the theories of the universe. 2.Which book can inspire a sense of determination in readers? A.Max Goes to the Space Station. B.Margaret and the Moon. C.I Am Neil Armstrong. D.Look Inside Space. 3.In which aspect is Max Goes to the Space Station different from the other three books? A.It has experienced space travel. B.It is suitable for kids of all ages. C.It is a biography(传记) of an astronaut. D.It has won a prize as a bestseller. B Over the past few years, China's aerospace industry has witnessed many landmark events. Apart from celebrating these scientific achievements, the public has also developed a growing interest in the missions' unique names, many of which are derived from China's myths and legends. China's spacecraft are called Shenzhou. This literally means “heavenly ship” in Chinese, and is also a homonym(同音异义词) for the Chinese words “divine land”, which is a term used in literary works to refer to the country. China's moon exploration project and its lunar probe(月球探测器)are both named after a Chinese goddess of the moon, Chang'e. In 2013, the Chang'e-3 lunar probe landed on the moon and was carried around by a lunar rover(月球车)called Yutu. The two names perfectly match the legend of the moon fairy and her pet. In another example, the relay satellite for the Chang'e-4 moon exploration mission is called Queqiao, or “magpie bridge”. The magpie bridge, in a Chinese folk tale, was formed by millions of magpies, so that a separated couple could meet each other despite the Milky Way. Likewise, the Queqiao relay satellite serves as a “space-bridge”for communication between the moon and the earth. Chinese people's eagerness for the universe dates back to ancient times, some even trying to explore. Others created many myths and legends, such as “Kuafu Chases the Sun”, to explain phenomena that they could not explain. These traditional stories have become the source of inspiration for Chinese scientists in the naming of major space missions. The famous spacecraft and rovers built by the United States include the Challenger, the Opportunity and the Spirit, whose names reflect a positive and enterprising spirit. This is quite unlike how the Chinese name their spacecraft, which reflects the Chinese people's sense of romance and awe for space as well as their efforts to pass down traditional culture and their ancestors' spirit of scientific discovery. Nevertheless, all these names, Chinese or foreign, showcase the dreams of humankind and our collective pursuit of discovering the secrets of space. When Apollo 11 prepared to land on the moon, the control center on earth told the astronauts on board to “watch for a lovely girl with a big rabbit”, which refers to Chang'e and her rabbit Yutu. With the rapid progress of China's aerospace industry, more and more Chinese stories embodying Chinese romanticism will be shown to the world. 4.How is Paragraph 2 developed? A.By making comparisons.　　　　 B.By describing processes.　　　　 C.By giving examples.　　　　 D.By analyzing causes. 5.Why was the relay satellite named “Queqiao”? A.Because this name can draw public attention. B.Because this name comes from a Chinese folk tale. C.Because this name reflects Chinese romanticism. D.Because this name indicates the function of the relay satellite. 6.What can we infer from the last three paragraphs? A.The ancient Chinese explored space to create myths and legends. B.Some space missions' names originated from traditional Chinese stories. C.China and the US name their spacecraft differently because of different kinds of pursuit. D.China's aerospace industry has changed the world. 7.Which is the best title for the text? A.Space Missions' Names. B.How to Name Space Missions? C.Space Missions' Names Embody Chinese Romanticism. D.Chinese Myths and Legends. C Astronaut Scott Kelly has been living on the International Space Station(ISS)since March 28, 2015. And just like any other home, the ISS requires some housekeeping, in the form of regular work and repairs. That is why Kelly and his partner Kjell Lindgren performed activities outside the station on Wednesday. The operation began at 8:03 am and lasted for more than seven hours. It was the first spacewalk for both men. The ISS has been in continual use for 15 years, and has hosted over 200 people, including astronauts and private tourists. During their activities, Kelly and Lindgren did basic electrical work, such as attaching new wires that will provide power for docking ports(对接口)on the station. The docking ports will be used when other people arrive at the ISS. Also, the two astronauts fixed a thermal(防寒的) cover on a key scientific instrument on the station to protect it from the freezing temperatures of space. As the more senior astronaut, Kelly led the spacewalk. However, Lindgren dealt with some of the more challenging parts of the job as he has longer arms than Kelly. During a spacewalk, the simplest work becomes a difficult task. Kelly and Lindgren spent months training and practicing for the operation. The preparation began in NASA's Neutral Buoyancy Lab(NBL). Here astronauts are made to work in an environment similar to the one outside the space station. Even getting the space suits ready can take days. While each suit is built to fit the astronaut perfectly who will wear it, adjustments(调整) need to be made right up to the time when the spacewalk begins. The adjustments address any change in the astronauts' bodies that has occurred as a result of being in a gravity-free environment. 8.Why did Kelly and Lindgren take the spacewalk?　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 A.To clean up the ISS.　　 B.To keep the ISS in good condition. C.To test their new space suits.　　　 D.To carry out a scientific experiment. 9.What is the main idea of the third paragraph? A.How the ISS works properly.　　　 B.Why the docking ports are useful. C.How the astronauts performed the spacewalk.　　　 D.What the two astronauts did in the spacewalk. 10.Why did Lindgren do more challenging work than Kelly during the spacewalk? A.He knew more about the station.　　　 B.He was the leader of the team. C.He has a longer reach.　　　 D.He had more experience of the spacewalk. 11.What does the underlined word “address” in the last paragraph mean? A.Result in.　　 B.Belong to.　　 C.Interact with.　　　 D.Deal with. D A demonstration mission to test an idea to clean up space debris was launched on Monday morning local time from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Known as ELSA-d, the mission will exhibit technology that could help capture space junk, the millions of pieces of orbital debris that float above Earth. The more than 8,000 metric tons of debris threaten the loss of services we rely on for Earth-bound life. The spacecraft works by attempting to attach itself to dead satellites and pushing them toward Earth to burn up in the atmosphere. ELSA-d, which stands for End-of-Life Services by Astroscale, will be carried out by a “servicer satellite” and a “client satellite” launched together, according to Astroscale, the Japan-based company behind the mission. Using the magnetic docking technology, the servicer satellite will release and try to “date” with the client satellite, which will act as a model piece of space junk. The mission, which will be run from the U.K., will carry out this catch and release process repeatedly over the course of six months. The goal is to prove the servicer satellite's ability to track down and dock with its target in varying levels of complexity. The spacecraft is not designed to capture dead satellites already in orbit, but rather future satellites that will be launched with compatible docking plates on them. According to NASA, cleaning up space and addressing the risks associated with debris depend on preventing the accumulation of more waste and actively removing it. The development of other cleanup technologies has been underway for years. In 2018, a device called RemoveDebris successfully cast a net around a model satellite. The European Space Agency also plans to send a self-destructing robot into orbit in 2025, which the organization's former director general has referred to as a space “vacuum cleaner”. These efforts could prove increasingly important as private space ventures like SpaceX continue to fill low Earth orbit with a “mega-constellation” of satellites. 12.What do we know about space junk? A.It has a potential effect on our daily life. B.It circles the earth alongside satellites. C.It is what astronauts desert in outer space. D.It has been cleaned up several times so far. 13.What does the author tell us about ELSA-d in Paragraph 4? A.Its achievements in space. B.Its theoretical principle. C.Its two new satellites. D.Its space mission in orbit. 14.What's the purpose of designing the spacecraft? A.To remove existing space junk in orbit. B.To test the magnetic docking technology. C.To send astronauts into space. D.To capture satellites to be launched. 15.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.ELSA-d's experimental process. B.Dead satellites floating in orbit. C.New effort to clean up space junk. D.The application of the magnetic docking technology. 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分) 　　阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The universe has never failed to catch mankind's attention. The ancient humans came up with stories to explain the presence of the sun and other planets. As time went by, humans set their sights on exploring the vastness of space. In 1969, astronaut Neil Armstrong became the first person to walk on the moon's surface. 　16　  •It allows people to know more about the universe. Undoubtedly, space exploration has answered the question of whether the earth is round or not and proved that the earth does circle around the sun, and not the other way round. 　17　 It gives people a deeper understanding of the universe and provides more information about the world they live in for them.  •It paves the way for advanced technology. Scientists are always developing new technology for space programs, but the good news is that these new innovations(新方法) aren't just useful to astronauts or for space programs. 　18　 In fact they have already led to the development of modern products and devices that many people use, for example, the breast cancer test imaging.  •　19　  Space exploration doesn't just involve scientists or astronauts; it also requires the skills and labor of many engineers, research assistants, technicians, mechanics, and other professionals. If space exploration were stopped today, these people would become jobless, and they wouldn't have the means to support themselves or their family. •It can offer solutions to many problems. Aside from collecting information about outer space, many space exploration programs are used to solve some of the problems of our modern society. Some programs, for example, help scientists learn more about the earth's atmosphere and know how to better predict weather and natural disasters. 　20　 This may be the solution to the earth's growing population.  Space exploration is one of the biggest achievements of humans as a whole, and it has paved the way for greater scientific understanding and technological advancement over the years. There is no reason why we should stop our exploration. A.It creates many jobs. B.But it does much more than that. C.It was a big step in space exploration. D.They can also be used in other industries. E.They also help scientists know more about the earth. F.Others focus on looking for planets that can support human life. G.Since then, space exploration has been going on and brought many benefits. 第二部分　语言运用(共两节,满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分) 阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 When the Apollo astronauts landed on the Moon in 1969, millions of people were rather sad. The person to 　21　 for this was an artist named Chesley Bonestell. For many years, Bonestell had been creating 　22　 detailed paintings of the Moon and planets. Viewers of his artworks were unhappy 　23　 the real Moon did not look like Bonestell's pictures of it.  As a space artist, Bonestell tried to make his drawings look exciting and as true as the Moon is. He worked closely with 　24　 and scientists to get the most up-to-date scientific information available. But in the 1940s and 1950s, no one had 　25　 another planet up close. Yet Bonestell's paintings looked so real that some people thought they were 　26　.  Even though Bonestell was interested in astronomy, he did not 　27　 his career as a space artist. As a young man he studied architecture—the art of 　28　 and making buildings. In 1938 Bonestell became a special effects artist in Hollywood. It was there 　29　 he learned he could improve his paintings by following the methods used in the 　30　.  In 1944, a popular magazine published a series of Bonestell's paintings of the planet Saturn(土星). He drew Saturn as if it were seen by someone standing on each of the planet's moons. The effects were 　31　. Within a few years, Bonestell's artworks were appearing regularly in magazines and books 　32　 astronomy and space flights.  Many of Bonestell's artworks had been right all along. 　33　 the biggest surprise was the Moon. Someone asked Bonestell what he was thinking when he saw the first pictures of the Moon. “I thought how 　34　 I was!” he said. “My mountains were sharp(尖的), but they aren't on the Moon.”  But he shouldn't have felt bad. No space artist had ever before taken so many people to so many faraway worlds. In the years just before the first manned space flight, Bonestell's artworks prepared people for the amazing space adventure to 　35　.  　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　 21.A.apply　　　 B.seek　　　 C.blame　　　 D.agree 22.A.beautifully　　　 B.mentally　　　 C.falsely　　　 D.completely 23.A.because　　　 B.though　　　 C.if　　　 D.provided 24.A.architects　　　 B.astronauts　　　C.analysts　　　 D.astronomers 25.A.desired　　　 B.seen　　　 C.reached　　　 D.drawn 26.A.profiles　　　　 B.photographs C.posters　　　　 D.patents 27.A.take on　　　 B.take in　　　 C.take up　　　 D.take off 28.A.drawing　　　　 B.analysing C.photographing　 D.designing 29.A.where　　　 B.which　　　 C.that　　　 D.why 30.A.magazines　 B.movies C.advertisements　D.media 31.A.impressive　 B.disappointing C.scary　　　　 D.interesting 32.A.in　　　 B.of　　　 C.at　　　 D.on 33.A.Still　　　 B.And　　　 C.But　　　 D.Even 34.A.right　　　 B.wrong　　　 C.thrilled　　　 D.successful 35.A.argue　　　 B.come　　　 C.think　　　 D.disappear 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分) 　　阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Liu Yang is a Chinese pilot and astronaut. She graduated 　36　 Air Force Aviation College of Changchun. After two years of astronaut training, Liu 　37　(be) excellent in testing. Liu was selected for the crew(乘组) of Shenzhou-9, the first manned mission to the Chinese space station Tiangong-1. Liu became the first Chinese woman astronaut 　38　(go) into space. The mission was launched on June 16, 2012. During this manned space mission, Liu did some 　39　(experiment) in space.  Wang Yaping became a crew member of the Shenzhou-10 space mission in 2013. And more 　40　(important), she was famous as China's first space teacher after giving 　41　 forty-minute live lesson to students from the place 　42　(many) than 300 kilometres above the Earth's surface. Again Wang Yaping 　43　(choose) to take part in the Shenzhou-13 crewed mission, with the spacecraft launched on Oct. 16, 2021. She became the first woman who entered the core module(核心舱) of China Space Station, 　44　 is called Tianhe. She drew global attention again during her second space mission. Many 　45　(challenge) tasks have been completed by her: a spacewalk and the second class.  第三部分　写作(共两节,满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 假设你是李华。你班最近一次班会的主题是“太空探索的意义”。请你结合下表内容,用英语给《21世纪学生英文报》投稿,介绍你们讨论的情况并发表你的观点。 一些同学赞同 一些同学反对 你的观点 1.获得新知识; 2.给人类带来更大的生存空间。 1.耗资巨大; 2.宇航员的安全问题。 …… 注意:1.词数80左右; 2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 第二节(满分25分) 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Mom and I spend mornings cleaning up the dirt that blows into our house. The dirt gets into everything. It covers our clothes. We have to wash the dishes before each meal. We rarely drive our car because Dad fears the dust from the road will ruin the motor. When my sister, Faye, and I walk to school, we wear scarfs over our mouths so we don't breathe in the dirt. On days when the air is so bad that they close the school, we stay home and help Mom put wet sheets over the windows. But the dirt always finds a way in. Last Sunday, there was no dirt in the air, only bright spring sunshine and a clear blue sky. After lunch, Dad headed out to the field to check on the cattle. Faye and I played in the yard. The temperature suddenly dropped. Then Mom shouted from the house, “Iris, you and Faye get inside, quickly now!” I looked to the west and saw a huge black cloud of dust. All the birds flew away. “Faye, go with Mom!” I shouted. “I'll warn Dad.” Faye dashed to the house. The storm hit so fast; I hardly saw her climb the porch's steps. Fine sand hit my face and the day turned into night immediately. I stumbled(跌跌撞撞地走) over our bicycles left carelessly in the yard. I screamed for Dad, hoping my voice would lead him back. The dirt and sand stung(刺) my skin like a thousand bees. I needed to get to shelter. Covering my face with one hand, I found my way to the car and opened the door. Dirt flew in with me as I pulled the door closed. Dad was still out there! I needed to help him find our car. I found the switch(开关) for the front lights. They gave out some light, but would it be enough for Dad to see them in the thick darkness? I pushed the horn(喇叭) again and again, hoping Dad would hear it. I pushed the horn until I had no more strength in my arms. 注意:续写词数应为150左右。 Paragraph 1: Suddenly,Dad's face appeared at the window.　　 　　　　  Paragraph 2: Finally,the wind stopped and the dust began to settle.　　 　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 Space Exploration【单元卷•测试卷】 满分120分，时间100分钟 第一部分　阅读(共两节,满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A A good book about space can inspire an interest in exploring the universe. If you're hoping for a holiday gift for your kids, you're in the right place. Margaret and the Moon Age range: 4-8 　　In Margaret and the Moon, Dean Robbins outlines the pioneering software engineer's life, from the backyard of her childhood home, where she put forward a million questions about the night sky, to the hallways of NASA, where she led a team from MIT to develop the onboard flight software that would land the first men on the moon. I Am Neil Armstrong Age range: All ages In I Am Neil Armstrong, bestselling(畅销的) author Brad Meltzer shows kids how Neil Armstrong made it all the way to the moon. Meltzer begins the story with young Armstrong trying to climb to the top of a silver maple tree after falling and getting up. He continued this spirit throughout his career(职业). Look Inside Space Age range: 3 and up For parents of young kids, Usborne's prizewinning Look Inside Space is a must to share the history and technology of space exploration with starry-eyed kids. It explores the history of human space flights and the basics of stars and planets. It's enjoyable to all space fans, but is especially good for pre-school and kindergarten-age kids. Max Goes to the Space Station Age range: All ages Jeffrey Bennett's tale about a dog called Max and his adventures to the International Space Station isn't only an accurate look at what life in space is like. The book was actually sent into space and joined the station's library in 2014 as part of the Story Time from Space project. It enables readers to learn all sorts of fun facts about space. 1.What's the text mainly intended to introduce? A.How to find holiday gifts for your kids. B.Some kids' space books for the holidays. C.How to inspire kids' interest in the universe. D.Some books about the theories of the universe. 2.Which book can inspire a sense of determination in readers? A.Max Goes to the Space Station. B.Margaret and the Moon. C.I Am Neil Armstrong. D.Look Inside Space. 3.In which aspect is Max Goes to the Space Station different from the other three books? A.It has experienced space travel. B.It is suitable for kids of all ages. C.It is a biography(传记) of an astronaut. D.It has won a prize as a bestseller. 语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文,介绍了四本适合孩子在假期阅读的有关太空的书。 1.B　主旨大意题。根据第一段可知,本文介绍四本适合孩子在假期阅读的有关太空的书,故选B。 2.C　细节理解题。根据I Am Neil Armstrong部分中的“young Armstrong...continued this spirit throughout his career(职业)”可知,I Am Neil Armstrong这本书展示了主人公的坚定意志,可以激发读者的决心,故选C。 3.A　细节理解题。根据Max Goes to the Space Station部分中的“The book was actually sent into space...”可知,这本书的与众不同之处在于它经历过太空旅行,故选A。 B Over the past few years, China's aerospace industry has witnessed many landmark events. Apart from celebrating these scientific achievements, the public has also developed a growing interest in the missions' unique names, many of which are derived from China's myths and legends. China's spacecraft are called Shenzhou. This literally means “heavenly ship” in Chinese, and is also a homonym(同音异义词) for the Chinese words “divine land”, which is a term used in literary works to refer to the country. China's moon exploration project and its lunar probe(月球探测器)are both named after a Chinese goddess of the moon, Chang'e. In 2013, the Chang'e-3 lunar probe landed on the moon and was carried around by a lunar rover(月球车)called Yutu. The two names perfectly match the legend of the moon fairy and her pet. In another example, the relay satellite for the Chang'e-4 moon exploration mission is called Queqiao, or “magpie bridge”. The magpie bridge, in a Chinese folk tale, was formed by millions of magpies, so that a separated couple could meet each other despite the Milky Way. Likewise, the Queqiao relay satellite serves as a “space-bridge”for communication between the moon and the earth. Chinese people's eagerness for the universe dates back to ancient times, some even trying to explore. Others created many myths and legends, such as “Kuafu Chases the Sun”, to explain phenomena that they could not explain. These traditional stories have become the source of inspiration for Chinese scientists in the naming of major space missions. The famous spacecraft and rovers built by the United States include the Challenger, the Opportunity and the Spirit, whose names reflect a positive and enterprising spirit. This is quite unlike how the Chinese name their spacecraft, which reflects the Chinese people's sense of romance and awe for space as well as their efforts to pass down traditional culture and their ancestors' spirit of scientific discovery. Nevertheless, all these names, Chinese or foreign, showcase the dreams of humankind and our collective pursuit of discovering the secrets of space. When Apollo 11 prepared to land on the moon, the control center on earth told the astronauts on board to “watch for a lovely girl with a big rabbit”, which refers to Chang'e and her rabbit Yutu. With the rapid progress of China's aerospace industry, more and more Chinese stories embodying Chinese romanticism will be shown to the world. 4.How is Paragraph 2 developed? A.By making comparisons.　　　　 B.By describing processes.　　　　 C.By giving examples.　　　　 D.By analyzing causes. 5.Why was the relay satellite named “Queqiao”? A.Because this name can draw public attention. B.Because this name comes from a Chinese folk tale. C.Because this name reflects Chinese romanticism. D.Because this name indicates the function of the relay satellite. 6.What can we infer from the last three paragraphs? A.The ancient Chinese explored space to create myths and legends. B.Some space missions' names originated from traditional Chinese stories. C.China and the US name their spacecraft differently because of different kinds of pursuit. D.China's aerospace industry has changed the world. 7.Which is the best title for the text? A.Space Missions' Names. B.How to Name Space Missions? C.Space Missions' Names Embody Chinese Romanticism. D.Chinese Myths and Legends. 语篇解读　 本文是一篇说明文。中国许多航天任务独特的名字来自中国的神话与传说,体现了中国人的浪漫主义。 4.C　推理判断题。第二段列举了四个与中国神话相关的航天任务的名称,分别是神舟、嫦娥、玉兔和鹊桥,所以判断本段是用举例子的方式展开的。注意第二段中的关键信息“In another example”。故选C。 5.D　推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“在中国民间传说中,鹊桥是由数百万只喜鹊组成的,以便一对分开的夫妇即使隔着银河也能相见。同样,鹊桥中继卫星充当了月球和地球之间通信的‘太空桥梁’。”可知,中继卫星命名为“鹊桥”是因为这个名字暗示了中继卫星的功能。故选D。 6.B　推理判断题。根据倒数第三段最后一句“这些传统故事已经成为中国科学家命名重大太空任务的灵感来源。”和倒数第二段第二句“这与中国人如何命名他们的航天器迥然不同,中国人如何命名他们的航天器反映了中国人的浪漫感和对太空的敬畏,以及他们传承传统文化和祖先科学发现精神的努力。”以及最后一段最后一句“随着中国航空航天工业的飞速发展,将有越来越多体现中国人浪漫主义的中国故事被展示给世界。”可知,后三段都提到了中国航空航天任务的命名与中国的神话和传统相关,也就是说一些太空任务的名称来源于中国传统故事。故选B。 7.C　主旨大意题。根据首段最后一句“除了庆祝这些科学成就,公众也对这些任务的独特名字产生了越来越大的兴趣,其中许多名字来自中国的神话和传说。”和尾段最后一句“随着中国航空航天工业的飞速发展,将有越来越多体现中国人浪漫主义的中国故事被展示给世界。”以及全文中列举的中国航天任务的名字可知,本文主要讲述了中国航天任务的名字与中国的神话传说和浪漫的故事有关,所以C项“太空任务的名称体现中国人的浪漫主义”最适合作为本文标题。故选C。 C Astronaut Scott Kelly has been living on the International Space Station(ISS)since March 28, 2015. And just like any other home, the ISS requires some housekeeping, in the form of regular work and repairs. That is why Kelly and his partner Kjell Lindgren performed activities outside the station on Wednesday. The operation began at 8:03 am and lasted for more than seven hours. It was the first spacewalk for both men. The ISS has been in continual use for 15 years, and has hosted over 200 people, including astronauts and private tourists. During their activities, Kelly and Lindgren did basic electrical work, such as attaching new wires that will provide power for docking ports(对接口)on the station. The docking ports will be used when other people arrive at the ISS. Also, the two astronauts fixed a thermal(防寒的) cover on a key scientific instrument on the station to protect it from the freezing temperatures of space. As the more senior astronaut, Kelly led the spacewalk. However, Lindgren dealt with some of the more challenging parts of the job as he has longer arms than Kelly. During a spacewalk, the simplest work becomes a difficult task. Kelly and Lindgren spent months training and practicing for the operation. The preparation began in NASA's Neutral Buoyancy Lab(NBL). Here astronauts are made to work in an environment similar to the one outside the space station. Even getting the space suits ready can take days. While each suit is built to fit the astronaut perfectly who will wear it, adjustments(调整) need to be made right up to the time when the spacewalk begins. The adjustments address any change in the astronauts' bodies that has occurred as a result of being in a gravity-free environment. 8.Why did Kelly and Lindgren take the spacewalk?　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 A.To clean up the ISS.　　 B.To keep the ISS in good condition. C.To test their new space suits.　　　 D.To carry out a scientific experiment. 9.What is the main idea of the third paragraph? A.How the ISS works properly.　　　 B.Why the docking ports are useful. C.How the astronauts performed the spacewalk.　　　 D.What the two astronauts did in the spacewalk. 10.Why did Lindgren do more challenging work than Kelly during the spacewalk? A.He knew more about the station.　　　 B.He was the leader of the team. C.He has a longer reach.　　　 D.He had more experience of the spacewalk. 11.What does the underlined word “address” in the last paragraph mean? A.Result in.　　 B.Belong to.　　 C.Interact with.　　　 D.Deal with. 语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了两位宇航员为了维持国际空间站的正常运转在太空工作和生活的场景。 8.B　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“And just like any other home, the ISS requires some housekeeping, in the form of regular work and repairs.”和第二段第一句“That is why Kelly and his partner Kjell Lindgren performed activities outside the station on Wednesday.”可知,Kelly和Lindgren进行太空行走是为了进行平常的工作和修理,以保持国际空间站的良好状态。故选B。 易错归因　本题易受housekeeping的影响误选A项,要注意这里的housekeeping是一种类比的手法,空间站的家务并不是真正的家务,而是平常的工作和修理,也可以根据第三段的描述得知。 9.D　主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“During their activities, Kelly and Lindgren did basic electrical work, such as...”和“Also, the two astronauts fixed a thermal cover on a key scientific instrument on the station...”可知,本段主要介绍了两位宇航员在太空行走时所做的事情。故选D。 10.C　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“However, Lindgren dealt with some of the more challenging parts of the job as he has longer arms than Kelly.”可知,Lindgren做更具有挑战性的工作是因为他的手臂更长。reach指的是“手臂展开的长度;臂展”。故选C。 11.D　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句子的上一句可知,每一套宇航服都会在太空行走之前进行调整,画线词所在句句意为“这些调整　　　宇航员的身体由于在无重力环境中发生的任何变化”可知,宇航服的调整是为了应对宇航员的身体在无重力环境中发生的任何变化。所以推测“address”表示“应对;处理”,与“deal with”同义。故选D。  D A demonstration mission to test an idea to clean up space debris was launched on Monday morning local time from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Known as ELSA-d, the mission will exhibit technology that could help capture space junk, the millions of pieces of orbital debris that float above Earth. The more than 8,000 metric tons of debris threaten the loss of services we rely on for Earth-bound life. The spacecraft works by attempting to attach itself to dead satellites and pushing them toward Earth to burn up in the atmosphere. ELSA-d, which stands for End-of-Life Services by Astroscale, will be carried out by a “servicer satellite” and a “client satellite” launched together, according to Astroscale, the Japan-based company behind the mission. Using the magnetic docking technology, the servicer satellite will release and try to “date” with the client satellite, which will act as a model piece of space junk. The mission, which will be run from the U.K., will carry out this catch and release process repeatedly over the course of six months. The goal is to prove the servicer satellite's ability to track down and dock with its target in varying levels of complexity. The spacecraft is not designed to capture dead satellites already in orbit, but rather future satellites that will be launched with compatible docking plates on them. According to NASA, cleaning up space and addressing the risks associated with debris depend on preventing the accumulation of more waste and actively removing it. The development of other cleanup technologies has been underway for years. In 2018, a device called RemoveDebris successfully cast a net around a model satellite. The European Space Agency also plans to send a self-destructing robot into orbit in 2025, which the organization's former director general has referred to as a space “vacuum cleaner”. These efforts could prove increasingly important as private space ventures like SpaceX continue to fill low Earth orbit with a “mega-constellation” of satellites. 12.What do we know about space junk? A.It has a potential effect on our daily life. B.It circles the earth alongside satellites. C.It is what astronauts desert in outer space. D.It has been cleaned up several times so far. 13.What does the author tell us about ELSA-d in Paragraph 4? A.Its achievements in space. B.Its theoretical principle. C.Its two new satellites. D.Its space mission in orbit. 14.What's the purpose of designing the spacecraft? A.To remove existing space junk in orbit. B.To test the magnetic docking technology. C.To send astronauts into space. D.To capture satellites to be launched. 15.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.ELSA-d's experimental process. B.Dead satellites floating in orbit. C.New effort to clean up space junk. D.The application of the magnetic docking technology. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了名为ELSA-d的任务,这项任务将展示能够帮助捕获太空垃圾的技术。 12.A　细节理解题。根据第二段“The more than 8,000 metric tons of debris threaten the loss of services we rely on for Earth-bound life.”可知,太空垃圾有可能影响到我们的日常生活。故选A。 13.B　推理判断题。根据第四段“ELSA-d...will be carried out by a ‘servicer satellite’ and a ‘client satellite’...Using the magnetic docking technology, the servicer satellite will release and try to ‘date’ with the client satellite, which will act as a model piece of space junk.”可知,这是在介绍ELSA-d的理论原则。故选B。 14.D　细节理解题。根据第六段“The spacecraft is not designed to capture dead satellites already in orbit, but rather future satellites that will be launched with compatible docking plates on them.”可知,设计这个航天器的目的是捕获要发射的卫星。故选D。 15.C　主旨大意题。第一段点明ELSA-d任务将展示能够帮助捕获太空垃圾的技术,后面介绍了太空垃圾的不良影响、这一任务具体的操作过程以及其他清理技术的发展。由此可知,C项“清理太空垃圾的新努力”适合作文章标题。故选C。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分) 　　阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The universe has never failed to catch mankind's attention. The ancient humans came up with stories to explain the presence of the sun and other planets. As time went by, humans set their sights on exploring the vastness of space. In 1969, astronaut Neil Armstrong became the first person to walk on the moon's surface. 　16　  •It allows people to know more about the universe. Undoubtedly, space exploration has answered the question of whether the earth is round or not and proved that the earth does circle around the sun, and not the other way round. 　17　 It gives people a deeper understanding of the universe and provides more information about the world they live in for them.  •It paves the way for advanced technology. Scientists are always developing new technology for space programs, but the good news is that these new innovations(新方法) aren't just useful to astronauts or for space programs. 　18　 In fact they have already led to the development of modern products and devices that many people use, for example, the breast cancer test imaging.  •　19　  Space exploration doesn't just involve scientists or astronauts; it also requires the skills and labor of many engineers, research assistants, technicians, mechanics, and other professionals. If space exploration were stopped today, these people would become jobless, and they wouldn't have the means to support themselves or their family. •It can offer solutions to many problems. Aside from collecting information about outer space, many space exploration programs are used to solve some of the problems of our modern society. Some programs, for example, help scientists learn more about the earth's atmosphere and know how to better predict weather and natural disasters. 　20　 This may be the solution to the earth's growing population.  Space exploration is one of the biggest achievements of humans as a whole, and it has paved the way for greater scientific understanding and technological advancement over the years. There is no reason why we should stop our exploration. A.It creates many jobs. B.But it does much more than that. C.It was a big step in space exploration. D.They can also be used in other industries. E.They also help scientists know more about the earth. F.Others focus on looking for planets that can support human life. G.Since then, space exploration has been going on and brought many benefits. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了探索太空对人类的益处。 16.G　过渡句。根据前文“As time went by...became the first person to walk on the moon’s surface.(随着时间的流逝,人类决心探索太空的浩瀚。1969年,宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗成为第一个在月球表面行走的人。)”和后文的几个小标题可知,此处承上启下,G项“从那以后,太空探索一直在进行,并带来了很多好处”符合语境。故选G。 17.B　过渡句。根据前文“space exploration has answered the question of...and proved that the earth...”可知,太空探索回答了人类的一些问题;后文谈到它让人们对宇宙有了更深的了解,并为人们提供了更多关于他们生活的世界的信息。这也是太空探索为人类所做的事情,B项“但它做的远不止那些”承上启下,符合语境。故选B。 18.D　过渡句。根据前文“but the good news is that these new innovations aren’t just useful to astronauts or for space programs(但好消息是,这些新方法不只是对宇航员或太空计划有用)”和后文的关键信息“modern products and devices”“breast cancer test imaging”可知,它们也会应用于其他行业。D项“它们也可以用于其他行业”承上启下,符合语境。故选D。 19.A　主旨句。 根据空格的位置可知此处为该段主旨句。该段主要讲的是太空探索不仅涉及科学家和宇航员,还需要工程师、研究助理、技师等其他专业人员,如果停止太空探索,这些人将失业。A项“它创造了许多工作”符合本段主旨,且与其他段的主旨句句式一致。故选A。 20.F　细节句。根据本段第一句中的“many space exploration programs are used to solve some of the problems of our modern society”可知,许多太空探索计划被用来解决我们现代社会的一些问题。后面举了例子“Some programs...help scientists...”,F项“另一些则专注于寻找能够维持人类生命的行星”也是一个例子,且和上文形成some...others...的结构,同时,设空处后面的“growing population”照应了选项中的“support human life”。故选F。 第二部分　语言运用(共两节,满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分) 阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 When the Apollo astronauts landed on the Moon in 1969, millions of people were rather sad. The person to 　21　 for this was an artist named Chesley Bonestell. For many years, Bonestell had been creating 　22　 detailed paintings of the Moon and planets. Viewers of his artworks were unhappy 　23　 the real Moon did not look like Bonestell's pictures of it.  As a space artist, Bonestell tried to make his drawings look exciting and as true as the Moon is. He worked closely with 　24　 and scientists to get the most up-to-date scientific information available. But in the 1940s and 1950s, no one had 　25　 another planet up close. Yet Bonestell's paintings looked so real that some people thought they were 　26　.  Even though Bonestell was interested in astronomy, he did not 　27　 his career as a space artist. As a young man he studied architecture—the art of 　28　 and making buildings. In 1938 Bonestell became a special effects artist in Hollywood. It was there 　29　 he learned he could improve his paintings by following the methods used in the 　30　.  In 1944, a popular magazine published a series of Bonestell's paintings of the planet Saturn(土星). He drew Saturn as if it were seen by someone standing on each of the planet's moons. The effects were 　31　. Within a few years, Bonestell's artworks were appearing regularly in magazines and books 　32　 astronomy and space flights.  Many of Bonestell's artworks had been right all along. 　33　 the biggest surprise was the Moon. Someone asked Bonestell what he was thinking when he saw the first pictures of the Moon. “I thought how 　34　 I was!” he said. “My mountains were sharp(尖的), but they aren't on the Moon.”  But he shouldn't have felt bad. No space artist had ever before taken so many people to so many faraway worlds. In the years just before the first manned space flight, Bonestell's artworks prepared people for the amazing space adventure to 　35　.  　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　 21.A.apply　　　 B.seek　　　 C.blame　　　 D.agree 22.A.beautifully　　　 B.mentally　　　 C.falsely　　　 D.completely 23.A.because　　　 B.though　　　 C.if　　　 D.provided 24.A.architects　　　 B.astronauts　　　C.analysts　　　 D.astronomers 25.A.desired　　　 B.seen　　　 C.reached　　　 D.drawn 26.A.profiles　　　　 B.photographs C.posters　　　　 D.patents 27.A.take on　　　 B.take in　　　 C.take up　　　 D.take off 28.A.drawing　　　　 B.analysing C.photographing　 D.designing 29.A.where　　　 B.which　　　 C.that　　　 D.why 30.A.magazines　 B.movies C.advertisements　D.media 31.A.impressive　 B.disappointing C.scary　　　　 D.interesting 32.A.in　　　 B.of　　　 C.at　　　 D.on 33.A.Still　　　 B.And　　　 C.But　　　 D.Even 34.A.right　　　 B.wrong　　　 C.thrilled　　　 D.successful 35.A.argue　　　 B.come　　　 C.think　　　 D.disappear 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了太空美术大师切斯利·博内斯特尔在载人宇宙飞船探索太空之前,用自己的画作让人们提前对太空有所了解,并让人们对之后的太空探索有所准备。 21.C　A.申请;B.寻求;C.把……归咎于,责怪;D.同意。根据上文“millions of people were rather sad”可知,数百万人感到相当悲伤,此事应归咎于切斯利·博内斯特尔。be to blame表示“负有责任”,这里作后置定语,故选C项。 22.A　A.漂亮地;B.精神上;C.错误地;D.完全地。根据下文“Bonestell tried to make his drawings look exciting and as true as the Moon is”可知,博内斯特尔为月球和行星创作的画是精美的。故选A项。 23.A　根据下文“the real Moon did not look like Bonestell's pictures of it”可知,观看作品的人不高兴是因为真正的月球和博内斯特尔的画作不像,这里是因果关系,应用连词because。 24.D　A.建筑师;B.宇航员;C.分析者;D.天文学家。根据下文“get the most up-to-date scientific information available. But in the 1940s and 1950s, no one had 　25　 another planet up close.”可知,博内斯特尔与天文学家和科学家紧密合作,获得最新的科学信息。故选D项。  25.B　句意:但在20世纪40年代和50年代,没有人近距离看到过另一颗行星。A.渴望;B.看到;C.到达;D.画。根据语境可知选B项。 26.B　A.简介;B.照片;C.海报;D.专利。根据上文“Yet Bonestell's paintings looked so real”可知,博内斯特尔的画非常真实,有些人认为它们是照片。故选B项。 27.C　A.承担;B.吸收;C.开始从事;D.起飞。根据上文的Even though体现的让步关系可知,此处表示尽管博内斯特尔对天文学感兴趣,但他并没有将太空美术家作为职业。故选C项。 28.D　A.画;B.分析;C.拍摄;D.设计。根据语境以及常识可知,建筑学是设计和建造建筑的艺术。故选D项。 29.C　句意:正是在那里他学会了通过遵循电影中使用的方法来改进自己的绘画。分析句子结构可知,这里为强调句型“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分.”,强调的是地点状语there,故设空处应用that。故选C项。 30.B　A.杂志;B.电影;C.广告;D.媒体。根据上文“In 1938 Bonestell became a special effects artist in Hollywood.”以及常识可知,博内斯特尔在好莱坞学会了使用电影中的方法来改进自己的绘画。故选B项。 31.A　A.令人印象深刻的;B.令人失望的;C.可怕的;D.有趣的。根据上文“He drew Saturn as if it were seen by someone standing on each of the planet's moons.”可知,他的画栩栩如生,效果是令人印象深刻的。故选A项。 32.D　根据下文“astronomy and space flights”可知,此处表示关于天文学和太空飞行的杂志和书籍。故选D项。 33.C　根据语境可知,空格前后是转折关系,应用连词but表示“但是”。故选C项。 34.B　A.正确的;B.错误的;C.激动的;D.成功的。根据下文“My mountains were sharp, but they aren't on the Moon.”可知,此处表示博内斯特尔认为自己是错误的。故选B项。 35.B　句意:在第一次载人太空飞行之前的那些年里,博内斯特尔的艺术作品让人们为即将到来的惊人的太空探险做好了准备。A.争论;B.来;C.想;D.消失。由“before the first manned space flight”可知,这里指“即将到来的太空探险”。故选B项。 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分) 　　阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Liu Yang is a Chinese pilot and astronaut. She graduated 　36　 Air Force Aviation College of Changchun. After two years of astronaut training, Liu 　37　(be) excellent in testing. Liu was selected for the crew(乘组) of Shenzhou-9, the first manned mission to the Chinese space station Tiangong-1. Liu became the first Chinese woman astronaut 　38　(go) into space. The mission was launched on June 16, 2012. During this manned space mission, Liu did some 　39　(experiment) in space.  Wang Yaping became a crew member of the Shenzhou-10 space mission in 2013. And more 　40　(important), she was famous as China's first space teacher after giving 　41　 forty-minute live lesson to students from the place 　42　(many) than 300 kilometres above the Earth's surface. Again Wang Yaping 　43　(choose) to take part in the Shenzhou-13 crewed mission, with the spacecraft launched on Oct. 16, 2021. She became the first woman who entered the core module(核心舱) of China Space Station, 　44　 is called Tianhe. She drew global attention again during her second space mission. Many 　45　(challenge) tasks have been completed by her: a spacewalk and the second class.  语篇解读　 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了中国女航天员刘洋和王亚平为中国航天事业所做出的贡献。 36.from　考查介词。graduate from意为“从……毕业”。故填from。 37.was　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:经过两年的航天员训练,刘洋在测试方面表现出色。这里描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,且句子主语是第三人称单数形式,故填was。 38.to go　考查动词不定式。句意:刘洋成为中国第一位进入太空的女航天员。“the+序数词+名词+to do sth.”意为“第几个做某事的……”,其中动词不定式作后置定语,修饰前面的名词。故填to go。 39.experiments　考查名词复数。experiment意为“实验”时为可数名词,此处指刘洋在太空中做了一些实验,应用复数形式。故填experiments。 40.importantly　考查副词。此处修饰整个句子,应用副词。故填importantly。 41.a　考查冠词。此处指“一堂四十分钟的现场直播课程”,表示泛指,且forty⁃minute是以辅音音素开头的词。故填a。 42.more　考查比较级。此处指在距离地球表面三百多千米的地方。根据语境和than可知,此处应用more。 43.was chosen　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:王亚平再次被选中参加神舟十三号载人飞行任务,神舟十三号飞船于2021年10月16日发射。此处描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时;句子主语Wang Yaping和choose之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;并且句子主语为第三人称单数形式,谓语也用单数。故填was chosen。 44.which　考查非限制性定语从句。句意:她成为第一个进入中国空间站天和核心舱的女性。设空处无提示词,且空前有逗号,设空处前面是名词短语the core module of China Space Station,“　　　 is called Tianhe”中缺少主语,故推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词the core module of China Space Station指物。故填which。  45.challenging　考查形容词。此处指她完成了许多具有挑战性的任务。设空处修饰其后的复数名词tasks,应用形容词challenging。 第三部分　写作(共两节,满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 假设你是李华。你班最近一次班会的主题是“太空探索的意义”。请你结合下表内容,用英语给《21世纪学生英文报》投稿,介绍你们讨论的情况并发表你的观点。 一些同学赞同 一些同学反对 你的观点 1.获得新知识; 2.给人类带来更大的生存空间。 1.耗资巨大; 2.宇航员的安全问题。 …… 注意:1.词数80左右; 2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 Outer space exploration, yes or no? We had an argument over whether it is necessary to carry out outer space exploration at a class meeting the other day. Some of us feel it important to explore outer space. Firstly, people can get a better understanding of outer space through space exploration. Secondly, space exploration can possibly bring new living space for humans. However, others think very differently. They think this kind of exploration is much too costly. Besides, it is very dangerous for astronauts to do such work. In my opinion, people should do some pioneering research and therefore such exploration of outer space is worth trying. 第二节(满分25分) 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Mom and I spend mornings cleaning up the dirt that blows into our house. The dirt gets into everything. It covers our clothes. We have to wash the dishes before each meal. We rarely drive our car because Dad fears the dust from the road will ruin the motor. When my sister, Faye, and I walk to school, we wear scarfs over our mouths so we don't breathe in the dirt. On days when the air is so bad that they close the school, we stay home and help Mom put wet sheets over the windows. But the dirt always finds a way in. Last Sunday, there was no dirt in the air, only bright spring sunshine and a clear blue sky. After lunch, Dad headed out to the field to check on the cattle. Faye and I played in the yard. The temperature suddenly dropped. Then Mom shouted from the house, “Iris, you and Faye get inside, quickly now!” I looked to the west and saw a huge black cloud of dust. All the birds flew away. “Faye, go with Mom!” I shouted. “I'll warn Dad.” Faye dashed to the house. The storm hit so fast; I hardly saw her climb the porch's steps. Fine sand hit my face and the day turned into night immediately. I stumbled(跌跌撞撞地走) over our bicycles left carelessly in the yard. I screamed for Dad, hoping my voice would lead him back. The dirt and sand stung(刺) my skin like a thousand bees. I needed to get to shelter. Covering my face with one hand, I found my way to the car and opened the door. Dirt flew in with me as I pulled the door closed. Dad was still out there! I needed to help him find our car. I found the switch(开关) for the front lights. They gave out some light, but would it be enough for Dad to see them in the thick darkness? I pushed the horn(喇叭) again and again, hoping Dad would hear it. I pushed the horn until I had no more strength in my arms. 注意:续写词数应为150左右。 Paragraph 1: Suddenly,Dad's face appeared at the window.　　 　　　　  Paragraph 2: Finally,the wind stopped and the dust began to settle.　　 　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  Paragraph 1: Suddenly,Dad’s face appeared at the window. My heart beat with surprise and then relief. With a scarf covering his face, Dad promptly opened the door and climbed in. I couldn’t wait to throw myself into Dad’s arm, tears of joy rolling down my cheeks. “You are a little angel of intelligence. But for the headlights and your constant blowing of the horn, I might not have found my way back.” Dad started the car to keep warm, and there in the little shelter of the car, we both sat, patiently waiting for the sandstorm to pass by. Paragraph 2: Finally,the wind stopped and the dust began to settle. Dad and I couldn’t wait to check whether Mom and Faye were OK. Back in the house, everything was covered with a thick blanket of dust. Thankfully, Mom and Faye were hidden in the cellar safe and sound. Hardly had we seen each other when we all hugged together tightly, feeling grateful for being together as a family. Unfortunately, due to the dust our car suffered damage to the motor, but that was never important as long as our family stuck together in such seemingly never⁃ending disasters. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$