必修第2册 Unit 6 Earth First（Word教参）-【精讲精练】2026年高考英语一轮复习（外研版）

[对应学生用书P74] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．(译林选必三U2)Exercise in space is not your average (普通的)workout.We have to be tied onto specially designed exercise equipment to stop ourselves from floating around. 2．(译林选必二U3)Over the years，acupuncture has been used to treat a wide variety of health problems，including severe (严重的) pains，blood pressure issues，stomach discomfort，sports injuries and weight problems. 3．Libraries will often hold reading­group sessions targeted (把……作为目标) to various age groups. 4．This will concentrate the litter and remove(去除) larger leaves and twigs. 5．It was his optimistic attitude (态度)towards life and hard work that finally led him to his successful career.(人物描写) Ⅱ.语境运用 1．Bethune，a devoted friend of Chinese，devoted his life to helping Chinese.I really respect his devotion to medical work.(devote) 2．Without the teachers' permission，no one is permitted to go into the chemistry lab.(permit) 3．As far as I'm concerned，we should be aware that our parents are concerned not only about our safety，but also some matters concerning our growth.(concern) 4．Once upon a time，human beings treated sharks cruelly and people's cruelty made the number of sharks reduce sharply.(cruel) 5．She contributed all her life to the scientific career and no doubt her contribution won admiration of people all over the country.(contribute) Ⅲ.完成句子 1．他们坐在沙滩上，享受着阳光，轻松愉快。(场景描写) They sat on the beach，enjoying the sunshine，relaxed and happy． 2．杰西卡付出了以前三倍的时间和精力，所以我相信她这次能成功。(细节描写) Jessica devoted three times as much time and energy as she did before，so I believe she will succeed this time. 3．(译林选必三U1)就在那时，我注意到一只灰色的小猴子坐在几米外的树上吃香蕉。(场景描写) It was then that I noticed a small grey monkey sitting on a tree a few metres away and eating a banana. [对应学生用书P75] devote v.致力，献身，倾注(☞devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的☞devotion n.奉献；献身；忠诚) (1)devote...to...　把……奉献给……；专注于…… devote oneself to　致力于；献身于 (2)be devoted to　专心于；致力于 [练透]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Motivated by the original Olympic motto “Faster，Higher，Stronger”，many well­known athletes，both male and female，have devoted themselves to achieving (achieve)sporting excellence and pushing the boundaries of human achievement.(译林选必二U2) ②Another sportsperson that should be applauded is Jessica Ennis­Hill.Her story is a remarkable example of how hard work and devotion (devote) can lead to sporting excellence.(译林选必二U2) ③当他意识到父亲对他倾注了如此多的爱时，一股暖流涌上他的心头。(情感描写) A warm current welled up in his heart the moment he realized how much love his father had devoted to him． [点津]　devote...to...中的to是介词，其后常接名词、代词或动词­ing形式作宾语。 reduce v.减少，降低(☞reduction n.降低；减少) reduce...by...　把……减少了…… reduce...to...　把……减少到……；把……变为某种状态 be reduced to　陷入某种境地(to为介词) [练透]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①“We are passionate about reducing (reduce) waste，carbon and chemicals in our environment，” said a BMF employee.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) ②Inside the office，they encourage recycling and waste reduction (reduce) by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single­use plastic.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) ③听到考试失败的消息，她在父母面前忍不住哭了起来。(情感描写) At the news that she failed in the exam，she was reduced to tears in front of her parents. urge v.竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促 n.冲动；强烈的愿望(☞urgent adj.紧急的；迫切的☞urgency n.紧急；催促) (1)urge sb to do sth　催促某人做某事 urge that...(should) do sth　极力主张……做某事 (2)It is urgent that...(should) do sth.　主张…… (3)have an urge to do sth　渴望做某事 [练透]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①But learning that we'll be randomly paired to do the oral practice，I feel an urge to express (express) my different voice，hoping that this wouldn't offend you.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷，应用文) ②Parents should actively urge their children to take (take) advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams. ③The most urgent (urge) thing in a fire is to make sure everyone is out of the building. ④我慢慢地挪到床的另一边，用平静的声音说了声“嗨”，忍住了想哭出来的冲动。(动作＋情绪描写) I slowly moved to the other side of the bed and said “hi ” in a calm voice，holding back my urge to cry out． contribute v.促成，造成(某事发生)；贡献；捐献；投稿(☞contribution n.捐献；贡献；稿件) (1)contribute sth to...　把某物捐献给…… contribute to　有助于；导致；投稿 (2)make a contribution/contributions to　对……作出贡献 [练透]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Be sure to schedule set times to watch your lectures，read materials and contribute to online discussion boards.(2024·浙江1月卷) ②Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People's Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize，awarded for her contribution (contribute) to the fight against malaria，one of the deadliest diseases in human history.(译林必修三U4) ③因此，我们需要努力学习，为交通运输的进一步发展作出贡献。(发言稿) Therefore，we need to study hard and make a contribution to the further development of transportation.(2024·全国甲卷，书面表达) average adj.平均(数)的；普通的，平常的n.平均数；平均水平v.平均为；计算出……的平均数 an average of　平均有(后跟数词) on (the) average　平均起来 above/below (the) average　在平均水平以上/以下 [练透]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Each stop lasts an average of two days，and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural (乡村) populations with basic medical care，X­ray scans and prescriptions.(2024·全国甲卷) ②It is said that the time spent on homework by the Chinese students is more than four hours a day on average. ③从人群中找到我弟弟并不困难，因为他的身高高于平均水平。(外貌描写) It is not difficult to pick out my brother among the crowd because his height is above average． due to由于，因为 due adj.　应得的；应付的；到期的 be due to sth/sb　归因于某事/某人；应付给某人…… be due to do sth　预计做某事，预定要做某事 [练透]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Due to a big storm，my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half.I touched down in Vienna just 30 minutes before the departure of the last bus to Prague.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) ②The bus was due to arrive (arrive) at 5：00 p.m.，but it arrived one hour late due to being held (hold) up by the heavy fog. ③我要感谢你，没有你的帮助，我不可能有如此成就。(感谢信) My thanks are due to you，without whose help I would not have achieved so much. [点津]　表示 “由于、因为”的短语还有：because of，on account of，owing to，thanks to，in consequence of，as a consequence/result of等。due to一般只用作表语。 take...into account (＝take account of...)把……考虑进去 (1)account vi.& vt. 　认为；说明；总计有 n.　说明；理由；计算；账目 account for...　是……的原因；解释；导致；占……(比例) give an account of　说明；对……进行描述 (2)on account of　由于，因为 on no account　绝不(位于句首，句子用部分倒装) [练透]　单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子 ①Only when you give serious consideration to their points of view will you be able to see what accounts for their emotions and empathize with them.(译林选必四U2) ②The students was unable to deliver the speech on account of (由于) the injury to his throat. ③The professor warned the students that on no account (绝不) should they use mobile phones in his class. ④总之，我真诚地希望你能考虑到我上面所说的。(建议信) To sum up，it's my sincere hope that you can take what I've stated above into account． 形容词(短语)作状语 教材原句：Some people stopped swimming in the sea，afraid of the horrible creature from the film. 有些人因为害怕电影里那种可怕的生物而不再去海里游泳。 (1)形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。 (2)形容词(短语)作状语时常用来说明句子主语的状态。如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则应用副词作状语。 [练透]　单句语法填空/补全句子/句式升级 ①With just two minutes to spare we rolled into the bus station.Thankfully (thankful)，there was a long queue (队列) still waiting to board the bus.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) ②The girl stood there，staring at the food，cold and hungry (又冷又饿).(动作＋情绪描写) ③I was afraid of not finding our way to the farm.I sat beside a tree and held my shoulders in my arms tightly. →Afraid of not finding our way to the farm，I sat beside a tree and held my shoulders in my arms tightly.(形容词短语作状语) 倍数句型 教材原句：However，making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. 然而，制造一个纸袋消耗的能量是制造一个塑料袋的四倍，用水量多达三倍。 (1)A＋be＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.(原级)＋as＋B (2)A＋be＋倍数＋adj./adv.(比较级)＋than＋B (3)A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/weight/length...)＋of＋B (4)A＋be＋倍数＋what从句 [练透]　单句语法填空/一句多译 ①The number of students now in this school is four times what it was ten years ago. ②正在建设的新体育场将是目前这个体育场的三倍大。 a．The new stadium being built will be three times as big as the present one. b．The new stadium being built will be three times bigger than the present one. c．The new stadium being built will be three times the size of the present one. [对应学生用书P78] 　单句语法填空 1．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)As an artist who shares her journey on social media，I'm often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey.Unfortunately (fortunate)，there is no magic list I can offer. 2．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Though some are initially (起初) scared (scare) of the insects and turned off by the dirt，most are eager to try something new. 3．(2023·浙江1月卷) Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double­check all the details，make suggestions，and then handle the actual reservations (reserve). 4．(译林必修一U1) Class discussion is very important in the UK，but I could not make a great contribution (contribute) because sometimes I wasn't able to express myself clearly in English. 5．(译林必修三U3)No wonder the Internet has now become the first place that the majority (major) of people turn to for information. 6．The antelope population has recovered and in June 2015，the Tibetan antelope was removed (remove) from the endangered species list. 7．The teacher is respected by the students for his devotion (devote) to the cause of education. 8．(译林必修三U1) As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction (extinct) becomes longer，we are left with a question: can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”？ 9．(2024·绵阳月考) The program targeting (target) teenagers has been carried out as planned with positive feedback(反馈) from participants and their parents. 10．(人教选必二U5)If the victim is suffering from second or third­degree burns，there is an urgent (urge) need to take him/her to the hospital at once. 　短语填空 1．(译林必修三U1) Over the past 50 years，about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities (由于人类活动) such as agriculture and cattle farming. 2．Is it the years when you worked in the factory that have an effect upon your literary works (对你的文学作品有影响)? 3．Though the program was well­designed，cooperation between the two companies eventually broke down (破裂) because neither of them was willing to make a compromise. 4．I'd appreciate it if you can take my suggestions into account (考虑我的建议).I do hope my tips will be helpful to you.(建议信) 5．Without access to the Internet，they found themselves cut off from the outside world (与外界隔绝了). 　完成句子/一句多译 1．(人教必修三U1)到山顶至少花了我们三个小时，但是(观赏)上面的景色还是值得的。[it takes/took (sb/sth) some time to do sth] It took us at least three hours to get to the top of the mountain，but the view up there is worth it. 2．孩子们爬到了山顶，筋疲力尽。[形容词(短语)作状语] The children climbed up to the top of the mountain，tired and exhausted． 3．正在修建的办公楼是那座办公楼的四倍高。(倍数表达) (1)The office building being built now is four times as high as that one. (2)The office building being built now is four times the height of that one. (3)The office building being built now is three times higher than that one. [对应学生用书P79] Ⅰ.快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思 1．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.供应量 2．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to visiting Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas，which are on loan from China.大批，大量 3．(2022·浙江6月卷)The feeling of being able to see it and to form my opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind person.打破 4．(2021·全国乙卷)If you're the host，you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation.使离开 Ⅱ.选出due的含义 A．预定的，预期的 B．钱到期的　C．应给予，应归于 D．适当的，合适的　E．由于，因为 1．I must remind you that the next rent payment is due on January 31. B 2．No matter how ordinary a job is，it plays a part in society and therefore deserves our due respect. D 3．(2023·全国乙卷)I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment. E 4．The honour is mainly due to you.But for your help and professional instruction，we couldn't have done so brilliantly. C 5．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. A 4月22日是世界地球日(Earth Day)。作为中学生，我们应该为保护地球贡献自己的一份力量，请以“Actions for a Greener Earth”为题写一封倡议书，就如何保护地球谈谈你的看法和建议。 Ⅰ.利用本单元所学知识完成句子 1．在这特别的一天，我们强烈要求所有人为一个更加绿色的地球行动起来。 On this special day，we urge everyone to act for a greener Earth. 2．乘坐公共交通工具以减少温室气体的释放。 Take public transport to reduce the release of greenhouse gases． 3．温室气体是造成严重的环境污染的一个主要原因。 Greenhouse gases are a major cause of severe air pollution. 4．使用可重复使用的袋子，而不是塑料袋，以避免白色污染。 Use reusable bags instead of plastic ones to avoid white pollution. 5．节约用电对拯救地球来说也很重要。 Saving electricity is also important to save the Earth. 6．关掉电器时，记得把插座从电源上拔下来。 When our appliance is off，remember to remove the plug from its power supply． 7．通过采用上述方法，每个人都可以为更环保的地球作出贡献。 By adopting the above methods，everyone can contribute to a greener Earth. Ⅱ.使用恰当的过渡衔接词连句成篇 One possible version： Actions for a Greener Earth April 22nd is the Earth Day.On this special day，we urge everyone to act for a greener Earth. Firstly，take public transport to reduce the release of greenhouse gases，which are a major cause of severe air pollution.Secondly，use reusable bags instead of plastic ones to avoid white pollution.Saving electricity is also important to save the Earth.When our appliance is off，remember to remove the plug from its power supply. By adopting the above methods，everyone can contribute to a greener Earth. [情感细节描写]——焦虑、担忧与不耐烦 单词 anxious adj.焦虑的，担心的→anxiously adv.焦虑地→anxiety n.焦虑，忧虑　worried adj.担心的，发愁的→worrying adj.令人担心的→worry vt.使忧虑，使担心 n.担心，忧虑　helpless/hopeless adj.无助的/无望的→helplessness/hopelessness n.无助/绝望 词块 with anxiety焦虑地　be concerned/worried about担忧　full of/filled with anxiety焦虑不安　feelings of anxiety and concern焦虑而担忧的感觉　decline one's head in despair 垂头丧气　abandon oneself to helplessness陷入无助　be reduced to tears伤心落泪　heart torn with despair绝望得撕心裂肺 句型 Fog beginning to creep into the forest，I grew increasingly concerned. 雾开始悄悄进入森林，我越来越担心。 Filled with anxiety，he froze there helpless，frowning.(过去分词短语作状语；形容词作状语)他充满了焦虑，无助地站在那里，皱着眉头。 With everything swallowed by the darkness，Mary was close to crying with anxiety and fear.一切都被黑暗吞没了，玛丽又担心又害怕，几乎要哭了。 Worried/Concerned about the journey，I was unsettled for the first few days.(形容词短语作状语)由于担心这次旅行，头几天我心神不宁。 He was so nervous about the English test that he lay awake half the night，worried.(形容词作状语)他对英语考试感到如此紧张，以至于大半夜都睡不着觉，心神不宁。 He gazed at the confusion around him，overwhelmed by a feeling of despair.(过去分词短语作状语)他凝视着周围一片混乱，感到一阵绝望。 [语料运用]——保护环境 十年后，当我再次踏上家乡土地的那一刻，我凝视着光秃秃的山和浑浊的河流，愣在了那里，被一种绝望的感觉所淹没。过去的美景如潮水般涌回心头。我泪流满面，绝望地低下了头，思考着是什么导致了如此恶劣的环境。对环境破坏的担忧让我在最初的几天里心神不宁，如坐针毡。我下定决心要改变这种状况，于是开始发表演讲，敦促人们保护环境。公众积极的回应消解了我的焦虑和担忧。 The moment I set foot on my hometown ten years later，I gazed at the bare mountain and dirty river and froze there，1.overwhelmed/overcome by a feeling of despair (过去分词短语作状语)．Past beautiful scenery came back in floods.I 2.was reduced to tears and bowed my head in despair，thinking what had contributed to the terrible environment.3.Worried/Concerned about the destroyed environment (形容词短语作状语)，I was unsettled for the first few days，feeling on pins and needles.4.Determined to change the situation (形容词短语作状语)，I began delivering lectures to 5.urge people to protect the environment．The public's active responses melted away my feelings of anxiety and concern. [对应学生用书P477] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·郑州质量预测)Waterways are important for every country around the world.They provide not only water for everyday use but also routes for transport.However，due to industrial activity，many of them are now polluted. Dakota Perry from the US has experienced water pollution first­hand.The 15­year­old high school girl told Alabama Local News that she spends a lot of time going on boat rides with her dad on the river behind their house.However，the river has become littered with plastic bags，bottles and cups.Perry wanted to clean up the water so she could continue to enjoy the river.So，with the help of her father，she designed a system to collect and remove rubbish in waterways. In May，Perry put forward her solution at the Regeneron International Science and Engineering Fair held in Georgia，the US，and received a Judge's Award from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for her project. According to the Science News for Students website，her system was inspired by the Dutch Great Bubble(气泡) Barner in Amsterdam，which creates a flow of bubbles that trap waste and directs it to a catchment system.But Perry tried to challenge herself and make her system more environment­friendly.She planned to create a curtain of bubbles that stretched the river diagonally(对角地).The curtain would stop the floating rubbish and then push it toward the shore.Once there，a conveyor run by a solar­powered battery would carry the waste to a dustbin. In her backyard pool，Perry used an air compressor(压缩机) to send air through a pipe full of holes to create a stream of bubbles.She experimented with different amounts of pressure to make sure there would be enough bubbles to form a full curtain.“For the bubble system to actually work and collect rubbish，” she explained to Science News for Students，“I have to know how much pressure the air compressor is supposed to push out.” After she tested her system for collecting rubbish，Perry found that it worked better than expected.Next，she plans to work out how to use the power of the river to run the air compressor. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇新闻报道。美国15岁的高中女孩Dakota Perry在父亲的帮助下，设计了一款收集和清理河道垃圾的系统。 1．What motivated Perry to design a rubbish­collecting system? A．Her father's encouragement. B．Her desire to protect a nearby river. C．A visit to a science and engineering fair. D．An invention of a Dutch high school student. 解析　B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“boat rides with her dad on the river behind their house.However，the river has become littered with plastic bags，bottles and cups.Perry wanted to clean up the water”可知，Perry和她的爸爸喜欢在他们房子后面的河上乘船旅行，然而河里到处都是塑料袋、瓶子和杯子。为了清理河道里的垃圾，保护附近的河流，Perry设计了一款垃圾收集系统。故B项正确。 2．What can we know about the rubbish­collecting system? A．It was designed by Perry alone. B．It makes power to run the air compressor. C．It collects solar energy to remove rubbish. D．It creates a bubble curtain to block rubbish. 解析　D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“She planned to create a curtain of bubbles that stretched the river diagonally(对角地).The curtain would stop the floating rubbish and then push it toward the shore”可知，她计划制作一个气泡屏障，使河流对角线延伸，气泡屏障会阻止漂浮的垃圾，然后把它推向岸边。故D项正确。 3．What is the 5th paragraph mainly about? A．Advantages of the system. B．The way of testing the system. C．The improvement on the system. D．Challenges in the design process. 解析　B　段落大意题。根据第五段中的“She experimented with different amounts of pressure to make sure there would be enough bubbles to form a full curtain”(她尝试了不同量的压力，以确保有足够的气泡来形成一个完整的屏障)和“I have to know how much pressure the air compressor is supposed to push out(我得知道空气压缩机应该施加多大的压力)”可知，本段主要讲测试这个系统的方法。故B项正确。 4．What kind of person is Perry? A．Efficient and ambitious. B．Helpful and hard­working. C．Responsible and creative. D．Professional and adventurous. 解析　C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Perry wanted to clean up the water”可以看出，Perry是一个有社会责任感的孩子；根据第五段中的“She experimented with different amounts of pressure to make sure there would be enough bubbles”可以看出，Perry对自己的系统很负责任；根据第四段中的“Perry tried to challenge herself and make her system more environment­friendly”可知，Perry是一个有创新精神的人。故C项正确。 B (2024·郑州质量预测)Many news reports focus on climate change these days.Extreme heat，wildfires，floods，homeless polar bears...How do you feel when reading worrying news about climate change? You may believe that people are becoming insensitive to the warming planet，accepting that it is only getting worse. A research team at The Pennsylvania State University，US，reported otherwise.To record how the news can impact people's emotions，participants were first exposed to negative news stories about climate change for three days.They then continued to read negative news headlines for seven days.In the first three days，the participants experienced greater fear and less hope，which can potentially hurt an audience's belief that they can do anything to tackle the problem. However，during the seven­day­long exposure，the fear peaked and then held steady (稳定的).“We saw the opposite pattern in our second study.The more exposure people had to these threatening news stories each day，the more likely they are to think that they can make a difference in tackling climate change，” Christofer Skurka，the paper's lead author told The Pennsylvania State University website. According to the researchers，one possibility is that when the public hears about climate change threats，they may convince themselves that they have control over the situation.They will then believe that their actions may make a difference. Knowing that everyone is able to help is only the first step.According to a study that analyzed information from 430 different studies，what motivates people the most to change their behavior is social comparison.For example，if a person's neighbors follow a low­carbon lifestyle，such as driving electric cars，the person may feel social pressure and become more likely to follow this behavior.This happens because people usually judge their own behavior and follow social norms (规范).Another effective motivation is providing financial rewards to consumers，helping them save money. “There are so many routes to our goals，” Matthew Goldberg，the co­author of the study，told Scientific American.As Goldberg pointed out，future research like this can help policymakers decide how best to encourage people toward more climate­friendly habits. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。研究表明长期接触气候变化的新闻不会让人变得麻木不仁，反而会激发人们强烈的社会责任感。本文主要介绍了该研究的实施、结果以及如何激发人们保护环境的行为。 5．How did the participants react to negative news in the second study? A．They found the news unbelievable. B．They lost hope in tackling climate change. C．They experienced greater fear for the future. D．They felt a strong sense of social responsibility. 解析　D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“We saw the opposite pattern in our second study.The more...they are to think that they can make a difference in tackling climate change”可知，在第二项研究中，参与者每天接触这些威胁性的新闻报道越多，他们就越有可能认为自己可以在应对气候变化方面发挥作用。由此可以推知，参与者感到了一种强烈的社会责任感。故D项正确。 6．What encourages people most toward more climate­friendly behavior? A．Effective policy. B．Healthy lifestyle. C．Social influence. D．Financial support. 解析　C　细节理解题。 根据第五段中的“what motivates people the most to change their behavior is social comparison...people usually judge their own behavior and follow social norms(规范)”可知，最能促使人们改变行为的是社会比较，接着作者举例来阐述这一观点，并解释这是因为人们通常会评判自己的行为并遵循社会规范。由此可知，社会影响最能鼓励人们采取更有利于气候的行为。故选C。 7．What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A．Responses to climate change education. B．The effectiveness of community initiatives. C．The impact of social norms on the environment. D．Ways to encourage climate­friendly behavior. 解析　D　段落大意题。根据第五段中的“what motivates people the most to change their behavior is social comparison”和 “Another effective motivation is providing financial rewards to consumers，helping them save money”可知，第五段主要讲鼓励人们改变自己行为、激发人们气候友好行为的有效方式，故D项正确。 8．What is Goldberg's attitude towards similar future research? A．Doubtful. B．Optimistic. C．Objective. D．Indifferent. 解析　B　观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“future research like this can help policymakers decide how best to encourage people toward more climate­friendly habits”可知，未来像这样的研究可以帮助政策制定者决定如何最好地鼓励人们养成更有利于气候的习惯。由此可见，Goldberg对未来类似研究充满了希望，故B项正确。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2024·济南质检)The brain is often seen as the most important organ of us humans.It controls our thoughts，emotions，memories and even our movements.However，what many people often forget is that the brain and the body are closely connected. 1 Studies have shown that regular exercise can significantly improve cognitive functions such as memory，attention and problem­solving abilities. 2 How does this happen? Well，the answer lies in the way exercise affects the brain. Exercise increases the production of proteins that promote the growth and survival of neurons (神经元)，thus ensuring better brain functions.Moreover，exercise has a positive impact on moods and mental well­being.It helps release some natural mood boosters that make us feel more positive and happy. 3 As for the exercise variety，it's not just about aerobic (有氧的) exercise like running or cycling. 4 It improves concentration and decision­making abilities by enhancing the connectivity between different regions of the brain. 5 Exercise isn't just about keeping fit or losing weight; it's about improving cognitive functions，boosting moods and even helping us think more creatively.So，the next time you feel lazy or unmotivated to exercise，remember that every step you take is one step closer to a healthier，happier and more intelligent you. A．It even strengthens creativity. B．Actually the body deeply affects the brain. C．The brain also has great impacts on exercise. D．An exercise lover is unlikely to suffer from depression. E．Walking and jogging do good to mental functions too. F．Strength training has also been shown to benefit the brain. G．The links between the brain and the body cannot be overstated. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。大脑通常被视为人类最重要的器官。它控制着我们的思想、情绪、记忆，甚至我们的行动。然而，大脑和身体是紧密相连的。研究表明，经常锻炼可以显著提高记忆力、注意力和解决问题的能力等认知功能。 1．解析　B　空前讲“然而，许多人经常忘记的是，大脑和身体是紧密相连的”。下文提到“经常锻炼可以显著提高记忆力、注意力和解决问题的能力等认知功能”，揭示了身体对大脑的影响，故B项“事实上，身体深深地影响着大脑”承上启下，符合语境。 2．解析　A　空前提到“研究表明，经常锻炼可以显著提高记忆力、注意力和解决问题的能力等认知功能”，A项“它甚至增强创造力”与上文内容构成递进关系，均描述了经常锻炼对大脑的影响。A项中的It指代空前的“regular exercise”。 3．解析　D　空前的“exercise has a positive impact...feel more positive and happy”讲锻炼对情绪和精神健康有积极的影响。它有助于释放一些自然的情绪舒畅剂，让我们感觉更积极和快乐。D项“一个运动爱好者不太可能患抑郁症”承接上文，符合语境。 4．解析　F　根据空前的“至于运动种类，不仅仅包括像跑步或骑自行车这样的有氧运动”，并结合常识可推知，空处内容应与无氧运动有关。故F项“力量训练也被证明对大脑有益”承接上文。空后的It指代F项中的“Strength training”。 5．解析　G　空处所在段是文章的总结段。上文具体描述了锻炼是如何积极地影响大脑的。下文讲“锻炼不仅仅是为了保持健康或减肥；它可以提高认知功能，提升情绪，甚至帮助我们更具创造性地思考”，再次强调了锻炼对大脑的积极影响。故G项“大脑和身体之间的联系再怎么夸大都不为过”符合语境。 Ⅲ.语法填空 (2024·石家庄教学质检)Dunhuang used to be a major stop along the Silk Road，but is now mainly a fascinating tourist destination. Those interested 1. Dunhuang's colorful history will be attracted by the Mogao Caves，one of the city's main attractions.The entrance to each cave 2. (block) by a locked door，which can only be opened by expert guides.Behind these doors are caves of all 3. (size)—from very small to absolutely huge.The caves contain thousands of priceless manuscripts and silk paintings，which，upon their discovery，drew much 4. (attend) to the area. Also，there are few things as special as walking across the desert oasis at sunrise. 5. (catch) this incredible scene，you must rise early.It's bitterly cold.But as the sun rises atop the golden dunes(沙丘) and paints a 6. (true) picturesque scene，all your efforts pay off.Sunset is a popular time for a camel ride.Get off the camels 7. walk up a rather steep dune overlooking the Crescent Lake.From this position，8. (regard) as the best one，the incredible sunset is awe­inspiring. No trip to Dunhuang is complete without visiting the Dunhuang Museum， 9. it's possible to put all of the city's historical sites into proper historical context.The museum is expansive，10. (contain) many original artworks.Here，you are bound to be amazed by Dunhuang's rich culture. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了敦煌，它曾是丝绸之路的重要驿站，如今成为迷人的旅游胜地。游客可在日出时漫步沙漠绿洲，日落时分骑骆驼。那里还有敦煌莫高窟和敦煌博物馆供人们游览。 1．解析　in　考查介词。句意：那些对敦煌丰富多彩的历史感兴趣的人将被该城市的主要景点之一敦煌莫高窟吸引。考查固定短语be interested in，故填介词in。 2．解析　is blocked　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：每个洞窟的入口都被一扇锁着的门堵着，只有专业导游才能打开。空处所在句为主从复合句，which引导定语从句，主句缺谓语动词；此处描述客观情况，故用一般现在时；主语The entrance与block是被动关系，应用被动语态；且主语是第三人称单数。故填is blocked。 3．解析　sizes　考查名词复数。根据空前的all和空后的“from very small to absolutely huge”可知，此处应用名词复数，表示不止一个尺寸，故填 sizes。 4．解析　attention　考查名词。空前有much修饰，应该用不可数名词作 drew 的宾语，结合常用表达draw attention to“吸引对……的注意力”也可知，应填attention。 5．解析　To catch　考查非谓语动词。句意：为了捕捉这一令人难以置信的场景，你必须早起。结合句意可知，此处为非谓语动词短语作目的状语，注意句首要首字母大写，故填 To catch。 6．解析　truly　考查副词。此处表示“描绘出一幅真正古色古香的场景”；空后 picturesque“古色古香的”是形容词，应用副词修饰，故填truly。 7．解析　and　考查连词。句意：从骆驼上下来，爬上一个俯瞰月牙泉的相当陡峭的沙丘。本句是祈使句，get off 和 walk up 两个动词短语并列且表示顺承，故填并列连词and。 8．解析　regarded　考查非谓语动词。句意：从这个被认为是最佳的位置看，令人难以置信的日落令人敬畏。分析句子结构可知，此处构成非谓语动词短语，regard与position构成逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词表示被动，故应用过去分词regarded。 9．解析　where　考查定语从句。句意：没有参观敦煌博物馆的敦煌之旅是不完整的，在那里可以将这座城市的所有历史遗迹置于适当的历史背景中。 分析句子结构可知，该空引导定语从句修饰先行词 Dunhuang Museum，且指代先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where。 10．解析　containing　考查非谓语动词。句意：博物馆很大，收藏了许多原作。分析句子结构可知，空处构成非谓语动词短语作状语。contain意为“包含”，和主语The museum构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用现在分词形式 containing。 写作规范练(二) [对应学生用书P480] Ⅰ.应用文写作——报道 (2024·石家庄教学质检)假定你是李华，劳动节到来之际，你做了关于“The Benefits of Doing Housework”的校园采访。请你就此次采访写一篇报道，向校英文报投稿。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 The Benefits of Doing Housework 【参考范文】 The Benefits of Doing Housework In a campus interview conducted recently，students have shared how they benefit from doing housework. The findings suggest that students participating in housework are more likely to improve time management and build a sense of responsibility.The interviews reveal that doing housework not only promotes family bonding but also fosters personal growth. Some students believe that it even plays a significant role in academic success，for it helps strengthen self­reliance and confidence. All in all，the benefits extend beyond home as long as they embrace the role of contributing to housework. Ⅱ.读后续写——历险脱困 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完成的短文。 (2024·兰州市诊断考试)The snowstorm was supposed to hit on the evening of Monday，31 January 2022.My colleague and I were co­signing an emergency financial aid check for a student at First Nations University of Canada in Regina，then he left for the day.As I was packing up，I noticed he had left his laptop bag there. “Shoot，” he said when I called him.“I'm already home.” “I can bring it to you，” I assured him.It was just past 4：30 p.m.The snow wasn't supposed to start until later.It took me about 15 minutes to get to my colleague's house，where I dropped off the laptop case and got right back on the road.Then suddenly the snow started—and it was coming down fast.Within minutes I was in a whiteout. The road soon switched from paving to gravel (碎石)，forcing me to slow down.The windows were fogging up and getting covered with snow.It was extremely cold outside.I didn't have a clue where I was or even which side of the road I was on.I kept the car running to stay warm and called 911，but they said nobody was coming to get me until morning at the earliest. It was now about 6 p.m.and dark.I stopped the car and texted my colleague whose laptop bag I had just returned.But he had an idea.“Pin your location and send it to me，” he said.I did，and a few minutes later he texted me back a screenshot of the satellite view of where I was.We figured out that I was on a road called Bouvier Lane，in between two farms.It was now 6：30 p．m.We posted this new information to our community group，pleading (恳求) for anyone who knew who lived on the farms to help me get rescued. Soon enough，though，people started chiming in (发表评论) on my post.They knew the farmer who lived there! I got a message from someone who was going to put me in touch with him. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 At 8 p．m.，my cellphone rang. By 5：30 the next morning，walking out of the house，I found two people on the driveway. [写作思路] 故事梗概：作者和同事在为一个民族大学的学生签署紧急经济援助支票后，同事就离开了，但是当作者收拾时注意到同事的笔记本电脑包留在了那里，可此时同事已经到家了。于是作者驱车花了大约15分钟到达同事家中归还电脑包，但是回来的路上突然下起雪来，而且越下越大。作者被迫放慢速度，很快窗户起雾被雪覆盖了。外面非常冷，作者不知道自己在哪里，甚至不知道在路的哪一边。作者拨打了91l，但他们说最早也得到早上才有人来帮助作者。下午6点左右，天黑了，同事建议作者把位置信息发给他，然后发现作者在一条叫Bouvier Lane的路上，在两个农场之间。下午6：30的时候，作者和同事将这些信息发布到他们的社区群组，恳求任何认识住在农场的人帮助作者。没过多久，人们就开始在作者的帖子上发表评论。他们认识住在那里的农夫！作者收到了某人发来的消息，他将帮作者与他取得联系。 续写思路：续写第一段　根据文章信息和续写提示句可知，第一段写到晚上8点钟，作者的电话响了。因此可推知，第一段应该写当地的农夫来帮助作者，作者得到救助后所有的恐惧变成了解脱和感激。 续写第二段　第二段首句写到第二天早上五点半，作者走出家门的时候，发现车道上有两个人。由此可知，第二段应该讲述作者走出家门发现的两个人是谁。根据故事发展可推知这两个人是那个农夫和作者的同事，他们应该已经清除了车道上的积雪，方便他们开车回家。同时最后应该表达对农夫的感激，升华主题。 【参考范文】 At 8 p．m.，my cellphone rang. It was the farmer who owned the land beside the road I was stranded on.He told me that he was coming to get me.Then，about 45 minutes later，I saw a tall figure walking towards me in the dark，and I'd never been more relieved to see someone in my life.“Hey，” he shouted，with his voice steady，“follow me in your car.You'll be OK.” I drove slowly behind him.When we reached the house，I got out of the car and burst into tears，all my fears turning into relief and gratitude. By 5：30 the next morning，walking out of the house，I found two people on the driveway. It was the farmer and my colleague! They had cleared the snow from the driveway so that we could all get out and drive home.My colleague came up to me and said that he felt sorry about me all night long，and he joked that my good deeds had turned into a disaster.But as for me，“All is well that ends well.” And best of all，it brought the farmer into my life.We're still in touch，and I know we'll be friends forever. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$