选择性必修第1册 Unit 5 Revealing Nature（Word练习）-【精讲精练】2026年高考英语一轮复习（外研版）

[对应学生用书P512] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2025·南昌一模)The multitalented，Renaissance genius Leonardo da Vinci over 500 years ago wrote down his “rule of trees”，which described the way he thought that trees branch.Though it was a brilliant insight that helped him to draw realistic landscapes，Leonardo's rule breaks down for many types of trees.Now，a new branching rule—nicknamed “Leonardo­like”—works virtually for any leafy tree. “The old Leonardo rule describes the thickness of the branches，while the length of the branch was not taken into account，” says physicist Sergey Grigoriev.“Therefore，the description using the old rule is not complete.” Leonardo's rule says that the thickness of a limb (大枝) before it branches into smaller ones is the same as the combined thickness of the limbs sprouting (生长) from it. However，according to Grigoriev and his colleagues，it's the surface area that stays the same.Using the surface area as a guide，the new rule incorporates limb widths and lengths，and predicts that long branches end up being thinner than short ones.Unlike Leonardo's guess，the updated rule works well when the team checks slim birches (桦树) as well as strong oaks. To test their rule，the research team took photographs of trees from a variety of species and analyzed the branches to confirm that the real­world patterns matched the predictions.“The photos offer a direct measurement of the characteristics of a tree without touching it，which can be important when we deal with a living object，” Grigoriev says.Though the team hasn't studied evergreens yet，the rule holds for all of the deciduous trees that the researchers have looked at. While it's possible to confirm the rule by measuring branches by hand，it would require climbing into trees and checking all the limbs—a risky exercise for trees and scientists alike.“Note，”the researchers write，“that not a single tree was harmed during these experiments.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新的研究树干如何生长的规则。 1．What does the Leonardo's rule of trees focus on? A．How tree branches may grow. B．What environment trees need. C．How trees can be drawn better. D．What landscapes trees can form. 解析　A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“which described the way he thought that trees branch”以及第二段中的“The old Leonardo rule describes the thickness of the branches”都可得知，Leonardo的树木法则侧重于树枝会如何生长，故选A。 2．Why are birches and oaks mentioned in paragraph 3? A．To state the correctness of the new rule. B．To present Leonardo's influential works. C．To compare the features of different trees. D．To show the popularity of Leonardo's rule. 解析　A　推理判断题。第三段最后一句谈到与列奥纳多的猜测不同，更新后的规则在团队检查细长的桦树和强壮的橡树时效果很好。这就说明新规则是正确的，故选A。 3．How did the researchers prove the new rule? A．By applying it to various trees. B．By conducting on­site inspection. C．By analyzing pictures of branches. D．By measuring real branches directly. 解析　C　推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“To test their rule，the research team...matched the predictions”可知，为了测试他们的规则，研究小组拍摄了各种树种的树木照片，并分析了树枝，以确认现实世界的模式与预测相符，故选C。 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Further experiments are required. B．The protection of trees is stressed. C．Risky accidents happened in the study. D．Trees were damaged in the experiments. 解析　B　推理判断题。最后一段谈到虽然可以通过手动测量树枝来确认规则，但这需要爬到树上并检查所有主枝——这对树木和科学家来说都是一项冒险的工作。故可推知本段强调了对树的保护，故选B。 B (2024·沈阳高三质量监测)Parrots consistently top the charts of the world's smartest animals.A new discovery published by the Royal Society Open Science reveals to us what sets the intelligent individual monk parakeet (和尚鹦鹉) apart in a group. Previously，it was thought that these birds introduced themselves to others with a sort of“catchphrase” that distinguished their identity.However，after running the vocalizations (声音) collected in this study through a machine learning program，a team led by Simeon Smeele，a doctoral student at Aarhus University in Denmark，found that the birds actually had “voiceprints” like humans that identify themselves in the group. The researchers studied thousands of monk parakeet vocalizations from hundreds of birds in Barcelona across two years and ran these recordings through the program that identifies small differences in their calls. “The voiceprint is the underlying quality of a voice that you can recognize in humans，and this is the first time that it has been shown in another vocal learner，”Smeele said.For example，the voiceprint of your father is how you know it's his voice，even if he isn't present.“This is what I think could explain how they recognize each other，because it can be stable over very long periods of time，” he added. “This shows that these birds also have that sort of information that they might be using in their complicated social interactions，” said Emily DuVal，Ph.D.，a behavioral ecologist at Florida State University.“Research into animal communication has the potential to motivate the public into action to conserve animals.Recognizing who each other is and understanding how they interact with one another are important for human life，” she said. This model can potentially be applied to other animals with vocal recognition like bottlenose dolphins，bats and elephants.Future research will look into whether these voiceprints are recognized by all parakeets in the community or only a circle of close relatives. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。鹦鹉一贯被人们认为是世界上最聪明的动物之一。一项新的研究发现，聪明的和尚鹦鹉使用与人类一样的“声纹”来使自己在群体之中有别于其他和尚鹦鹉。 5．What helps the monk parakeets recognize each other? A．The catchphrase. B．The intelligence. C．The voiceprint. D．The communication. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据第二段的“found that the birds actually had ‘voiceprints’ like humans that identify themselves in the group”可知，研究发现，这些鸟实际上有与人类一样的“声纹”，可以识别自己在该群体中的身份，故选C。本题易错选A。根据第二段的“Previously，it was thought...‘catchphrase’ that distinguished their identity.However”可知，“和尚鹦鹉使用类似于‘流行语’的语言去识别彼此的身份”这一观点是之前被人们假定的，However后才是现在研究发现的结果，故排除A项。 6．How did the researchers conduct the study? A．By combining “catchphrases” with “voiceprints”． B．By keeping track of the monk parakeets' relatives. C．By collecting vocalizations and identifying their differences. D．By comparing humans' voiceprints with monk parakeets'. 解析　C　细节理解题。 根据文章第二段中的“after running the vocalizations(声音) collected in this study through a machine learning program”和第三段中的“ran these recordings through the program that identifies small differences in their calls”可知，本研究中的研究者先收集了和尚鹦鹉的声音，然后将其输入到一个能够区分这类鸟叫声的细微差别的机器学习程序中。故C项“通过收集声音并识别它们的差异”正确。 7．What will the future study focus on? A．The information that voiceprints can express. B．The potential influence that voiceprints can bring. C.The animals among which voiceprints are identified. D．The range where monk parakeets' voiceprints are recognized. 解析　D　细节理解题。 根据文章最后一段中的“Future research will look into whether these voiceprints are recognized by...close relatives”可知，未来的研究将着眼于这些声纹是被社群中的所有长尾鹦鹉识别，还是只被一些近亲识别。故D项正确。 8．What can be the best title for the text? A．Monk Parakeets Are Great Vocal Learners B．Monk Parakeets Resemble Humans in Communication C．“Voiceprints” Are Found in Animals' Social Interactions D．“Voiceprints” Help Monk Parakeets Identify Themselves 解析　D　标题归纳题。根据文章内容尤其是第二段最后一句中的“found that the birds actually had ‘voiceprints’ like humans that identify themselves in the group”可知，研究发现，这些鸟实际上有与人类一样的“声纹”，可以识别自己在该群体中的身份，故选D。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2024·石家庄质量检测)In 2019，I was staying at a fitness camp in Thailand.After doing 2.5 hours of kickboxing，I began to cough.Thinking it was probably from the intense workout，I brushed off the 1 ． But over the next few hours，I started struggling to 2 breathe and my heart began to 3 ．I panicked and decided to get help.As I was 4 myself to the front desk，a Thai woman saw me and asked what was wrong.I tried to 5 that I couldn't breathe. The woman was so 6 ．She was on the phone within 10 seconds， 7 a car to get me to a hospital.Another Thai woman came and talked to me for a few minutes， 8 me I would be okay at the hospital.Ten minutes later，the car came. 9 ，I was taken to a doctor's office.The nurse couldn't speak English but 10 me the whole time she examined me.Then she 11 “bronchitis” (支气管炎) on her phone and gave me some medications. When I got back to the 12 ，many people asked me if I was okay.They checked in on me multiple times a day and brought me food.Over the next week，I 13 ． It is hard to describe the 14 that I felt at the time，as well as the relief and thankfulness I felt being surrounded by so many 15 strangers who took care of me.I don't know what would have happened without them. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在泰国参加一个健康营地时突发疾病，呼吸困难，但在一些乐于助人的陌生人的帮助下作者被送往医院，并很快恢复健康。如果没有他们，不知道事情会怎样。 1．A.discomfort B．misfortune C．tiredness D．challenge 解析　A　句意：我想这可能是因为剧烈运动，所以没有理会这种不适。根据上文“After doing 2.5 hours of kickboxing，I began to cough.”可知，作者运动后咳嗽起来，即有了不适的感觉。 2．A.still B．also C．even D．ever 解析　C　句意：但在接下来的几个小时里，我开始呼吸困难，心跳加速。根据上文“I began to cough.”和“But over the next few hours”可知，几个小时后，作者甚至出现了呼吸困难。 3．A.beat B．race C．stop D．warm 解析　B　结合常识可知，人在呼吸困难时，心跳会加快。 4．A.recommending B．forcing C．introducing D．dragging 解析　D　句意：当我拖着自己的身体走到前台时，一位泰国女士看到了我，问我怎么了。根据上文“I started struggling to 2 breathe and my heart began to 3 ．”可知，作者当时的状态非常不好，所以应是拖着自己的身体到前台。 5．A.explain B．claim C．complain D．argue 解析　A　根据上文“asked what was wrong”可知，作者给女士解释自己的情况。 6．A.patient B．efficient C．confident D．innocent 解析　B　根据下文“She was on the phone within 10 seconds”可知，女人的效率很高，马上就打电话让人送作者去医院。 7．A.purchasing B．driving C．requesting D．stopping 解析　C　根据“a car to get me to a hospital.”并结合作者呼吸困难的情况可知，此处指女士要求一辆车送作者去医院。 8．A.assuring B．reminding C．persuading D．showing 解析　A　句意：另一位泰国妇女过来和我聊了几分钟，向我保证我在医院会没事的。根据“Another Thai woman came and talked to me for a few minutes”推知，另一位女士过来的目的是向作者保证作者会没事的。 9．A.Certainly B．Hopefully C．Obviously D．Thankfully 解析　D　根据“I was taken to a doctor's office.”可知，在女士的帮助下，作者终于到达医院，这是不幸中的万幸，因此“谢天谢地”符合语境。 10．A.turned to B．smiled at C．objected to D．stared at 解析　B　根据“The nurse couldn't speak English”和表示转折意义的but可知，护士虽然不会说英语但非常友好，一直对作者微笑。 11．A.saved B．marked C．deleted D．translated 解析　D　根据上文“The nurse couldn't speak English”可知，护士不会说英语，因此需要在手机上将泰文翻译成英文。 12．A.office B．home C．camp D．hospital 解析　C　根据上文“In 2019，I was staying at a fitness camp in Thailand.”可知，作者从医院出来后回了营地。 13．A.recovered B．escaped C．retired D．collapsed 解析　A　根据上文作者突发疾病，并被送往医院可知，此处指回到营地后的一周，作者恢复了。 14．A.surprise B．fear C．sorrow D．regret 解析　B　根据上文“I panicked and decided to get help.”可知，作者一开始非常害怕，陷入了恐惧。 15．A.humorous B．ambitious C．helpful D．trustful 解析　C　结合上文提到前台女士，医生、护士和营友们对作者的帮助和关心可知，在作者看来他们都是乐于助人的人。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$