必修第3册 Unit 3 The world of Science（Word练习）-【精讲精练】2026年高考英语一轮复习（外研版）

[对应学生用书P487] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A A rising star from Virginia has secured the title of “America's Top Young Scientist” for his groundbreaking creation—a bar of soap designed to battle against skin cancer.At just 14 years old，Heman Bekele emerged as the victor of the 2023 3M Young Scientist Challenge，standing out among the ten finalists with his innovative creation known as the Skin Cancer Treating Soap (SCTS). Bekele's brilliant concept centers on the development of a soap that is not only affordable，but also has the potential to reactivate the body's natural defenders of the skin to stop skin cancer.In Bekele's own words，“Curing cancer，one bar of soap at a time.” He always has endless passion for biology and technology，and the 3M Young Scientist Challenge just provided him with the perfect platform to display his ideas.Reflecting on his inspiration，Bekele shared that his childhood played a significant role in shaping his innovative thinking.Having witnessed people work tirelessly under the sun，he couldn't help but wonder how many were aware of the risks associated with constant sun exposure. “I wanted to make my idea not only scientifically exceptional but also accessible to a broad audience，” Bekele expressed during an interview with the media.He received invaluable guidance from Deborah Isabelle，a product engineering specialist，who connected him with other scientists to aid him in reaching his ambitious plans. During his presentation，Bekele passionately expressed his vision of turning the soap into “a symbol of hope，accessibility，and a world where skin cancer treatment is within reach for all.” Over the coming five years，Bekele longs to perfect his invention and establish a nonprofit organization devoted to distributing his innovative creation to more places including undeveloped communities，offering hope and a practical solution in the fight against skin cancer. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。14岁的Heman Bekele发明了一种抗皮肤癌肥皂，并凭借此发明在3M青年科学家挑战赛中脱颖而出，被评为“美国顶尖青年科学家”。 1．What made Bekele an instant hit? A．Starting a soap fashion. B．Overcoming skin cancer. C．Being the youngest scientist. D．Creating a soap against skin cancer. 解析　D　细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，Bekele因其开创性的发明——一块抗皮肤癌肥皂(SCTS)，在2023年3M青年科学家挑战赛中脱颖而出，被评为“美国顶尖青年科学家”。由此可知，令Bekele一夜成名的是他创造了抗皮肤癌肥皂。故选D。 2．What inspired Bekele to invent the SCTS? A．His concern for others. B．His adventure in childhood. C．His enthusiasm for technology. D．His interest in medical knowledge. 解析　A　推理判断题。根据题干将答案定位至第二段的“Having witnessed people work tirelessly under the sun...the risks associated with constant sun exposure”，即目睹了人们在阳光下不知疲倦地工作，他不禁想知道有多少人意识到持续暴露在阳光下的风险。由此可推知，Bekele对别人的关心激励他发明SCTS，故选A。 3．What will Bekele do in the near future? A．Obtain official approval. B．Visit undeveloped areas. C．Increase the availability of the soap. D．Update the facilities of production. 解析　C　细节理解题。 根据最后一段的内容可知，在接下来的五年里，Bekele渴望完善他的发明，并建立一个致力于将他的创新成果分发到包括落后社区的更多地方的非营利组织，为抗击皮肤癌提供希望和切实可行的解决方案。由此可知，Bekele在不久的将来会增加肥皂的供应，故C项正确。 4．Which of the following can best describe Bekele? A．Inspiring and modest. B．Humorous and positive. C．Creative and considerate. D．Curious and independent. 解析　C　推理判断题。 根据第一段中的“his groundbreaking creation” “his innovative creation”可知，Bekele创造性地发明了一种抗皮肤癌肥皂，这说明Bekele有创造力；再根据第二段的“Having witnessed people work tirelessly...constant sun exposure”和最后一段的“establish a nonprofit organization...fight against skin cancer”可知，Bekele为他人着想。故C项正确。 B Contrary to the commonly­held view，the brain does not have the ability to rewire itself to make up for the loss of sight，or a stroke，for example，say scientists from the University of Cambridge and Johns Hopkins University. Writing in eLife，Professor Tamar Makin (Cambridge) and Professor John Krakauer (Johns Hopkins) argue that the belief that the brain，in response to injury or deficits，can reorganise itself and repurpose particular regions for new functions，is fundamentally incorrect—despite being commonly cited in scientific textbooks.Instead，they argue that what is occurring is merely the brain being trained to use already existing but possible abilities. In their article，Makin and Krakauer look at ten pioneering studies that aim to show the brain's ability to reorganise.They argue，however，that while the studies do indeed show the brain's ability to adapt to change，it is not creating new functions in previously unrelated areas—instead it's using possible capacities that have been present since birth. Examining other studies，Makin and Krakauer found no convincing evidence that the visual cortex (大脑皮层) of individuals that were born blind or the uninjured cortex of stroke survivors ever developed a novel functional ability that did not otherwise exist. Understanding the true nature and limits of brain plasticity (可塑性) is crucial，both for setting realistic expectations for patients and for guiding clinical practitioners(从业人员) in their reconstructive approaches，they argue.Makin added，“This learning process is a proof of the brain's remarkable—but limited—capacity for plasticity.There are no shortcuts or fast tracks in this journey.The idea of quickly unlocking hidden brain potentials or tapping into vast unused reserves is more wishful thinking than reality.It's a slow，gradual journey，demanding persistent effort and practice.Recognising this helps us appreciate the hard work behind every story of recovery and adapt our strategies accordingly.” “So many times，the brain's ability to rewire itself has been described as ‘miraculous’—but we're scientists，and we don't believe in magic.These amazing behaviours that we see are rooted in hard work，repetition and training，not the magical reassignment of the brain's resources，” they said. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了剑桥大学和约翰斯·霍普金斯大学的科学家们发现，大脑不具备重塑功能，它们无法弥补失明或中风等造成的损伤。 5．What is a common misunderstanding of the brain's function? A．The brain can be trained. B．The brain can compensate blindness. C．The brain can rewire itself. D．The brain can react to sudden diseases. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Contrary to the commonly­held view，the brain does not have the ability to rewire itself”可知，“the ability to rewire itself”便是人们对大脑功能的普遍误解，故C项正确。 6．Why are the related studies mentioned in the text? A．To tell the limits of brain plasticity. B．To analyze the structure of the brain. C．To find productive research methods. D．To explore the new functions of the brain. 解析　A　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，Makin和Krakauer研究了十项旨在展示大脑重组能力的开创性研究，但是他们说明了“it is not creating new functions in previously unrelated areas(它并没有在以前不相关的区域中创建新的功能)”。据此可以推断，文中提到这些研究主要是为了说明大脑功能的可塑性并不强，故选A。 7．What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A．The realistic expectations for patients. B．Supporting evidence for the research results. C．Further explanations of the medical strategies. D．The medical significance of the new finding. 解析　D　段落大意题。根据本段的内容尤其是主旨句“Understanding the true nature and limits of brain plasticity(可塑性)is crucial...they argue”可知，本段主要讲到了了解大脑可塑性的本质和局限对给病人设置现实的预期和指导临床从业人员都至关重要，即主要讲述了该新发现在医学上的重要性，故D项正确。 8．What will Makin and Krakauer suggest people do? A．Make the impossible possible. B．Reassign the brain's resources flexibly. C．Try to develop the brain's possible ability. D．Use the magic to accomplish difficult tasks. 解析　C　推理判断题。由第三段最后一句可知，Makin和Krakauer认为大脑没有重塑自己，相反它在使用自出生后便存在的可能的能力；再根据最后一段中的“These amazing behaviours that we see are rooted in hard work，repetition and training”可知，两人认为要想实现一些神奇的行为，就得努力付出、不断重复、坚持训练。由此可见，Makin和Krakauer建议人们努力培养大脑的可能存在的能力，故C项正确。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2024·济南质检)A two­year­old girl in Newberry County had last been seen at about 3：00 p．m.，but she was missing later in the day.The situation took a 1 turn around 6：00 p．m.，when a hunter in the area heard the cries of the missing child.Reacting immediately，the hunter 2 an emergency call telling authorities the child's location. The operators 3 immediately，applying advanced mapping technology to locate the position.This crucial information was then 4 sent to the South Carolina Law Enforcement Division (SLED) and the county's first 5 ． With the location data in hand，the search and rescue team was quickly 6 to the wooded area.The tireless efforts of these rescue workers ultimately 7 a heartwarming reunion.The missing two­year­old was found in the forest，safe and sound except some slight injuries.Despite her 8 experience，she was found to be in surprisingly good 9 ，except her understandable tiredness，thirst and fear. The 10 rescue was the result of the 11 between different departments and the community as a whole.The Newberry County Sheriff's Office expressed their 12 for the efforts of everyone involved，including citizens，and those 13 their thoughts during the search.And they showed their relief at the 14 of the little girl in the care of family.Their heroic actions will be 15 as a heartwarming success story in Newberry County for years to come. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。纽贝里县一名两岁小女孩最后一次露面是在下午3点左右，但她在当天晚些时候失踪了。下午6点左右，该地区的一名猎人听到了失踪儿童的叫喊声。于是立刻打电话给当地相关部门告知孩子位置，电话接线员立即应用先进的定位技术定位位置。这一关键信息随后被发送给南卡罗来纳州执法部门和该县的第一批营救人员。在众人的努力之下，两岁的小女孩获救。 1．A.disappointing B．hopeful C．reasonable D．challenging 解析　B　根据下文的“when a hunter in the area heard the cries of the missing child”可知，该地区的一名猎人听到了失踪儿童的叫喊声，因此此处表示情况出现了有希望的转变，故选B。disappointing“令人失望的，令人沮丧的”；reasonable“合理的，有理由的，公平的”；challenging“挑战性的”。 2．A.placed B．received C．missed D．answered 解析　A　根据下文的“telling authorities the child's location”并结合语境可知，此处表示猎人拨打紧急电话，告诉当地部门孩子的位置，故选A。place an emergency call“拨打紧急电话”。receive“收到”；miss“错过，思念”；answer“回答，答复”。 3．A.appeared B．escaped C．acted D．arrived 解析　C　根据空后的“applying advanced mapping technology to locate the position”可知，电话接线员立刻行动，应用先进的定位技术进行定位，故选C。appear“出现”；escape“逃离”；arrive“到达”。 4．A.optionally B．carefully C．entirely D．rapidly 解析　D　根据下文的“With the location data in hand，a search team was quickly...”可知，这一关键信息随后被迅速发送给南卡罗来纳州执法部门，故选D项“迅速地”。optionally“可选择地”；carefully“小心地，仔细地”；entirely“完全地，完整地”。 5．A.discoverers B．rescuers C．operators D．survivors 解析　B　根据下文的“the search and rescue team”和“these rescue workers”可知，此处指本县的第一批营救人员，故选B。discoverer“发现者”；operator“电话接线员，操作员”；survivor“幸存者”。 6．A.adapting B．returning C．heading D．pointing 解析　C　根据下文的“The tireless efforts of these rescue workers”可知，有了定位数据，搜救队快速前往树林地区，展开搜救工作，故选C。head to“前往……”；adapt to“适应”；return to“返回到……”；point to“指向……”。 7．A.paid for B．set up C．took on D．led to 解析　D　这些营救人员坚持不懈的努力最终促成了一次温馨感人的团聚，故选D。pay for“付……费用”；set up“建立，成立”；take on“呈现”；lead to“导致，造成(后果)”。 8．A.frightening B．regretful C．annoying D．shameful 解析　A　根据上文的描述，并结合常识可知，2岁的小女孩在树林里走丢，这是令人害怕的经历。故选A项“可怕的，令人害怕的，吓人的”。regretful“遗憾的，后悔的，失望的”；annoying“使生气的”；shameful“可耻的，丢脸的”。 9．A.shape B．mind C．order D．faith 解析　A　根据上文的“The missing...safe and sound except some slight injuries”可知，失踪的两岁小女孩最终在森林中被发现，除了一些轻伤外，安然无恙。故选A。in good shape“(身体)状况良好”；in good order“很整齐”；in good faith“诚心诚意”。 10．A.risky B．remarkable C．traditional D．joyful 解析　B　根据上文的描述和下文的“the efforts of everyone...thoughts during the search”可知，这次引人注目的营救是不同部门和整个社区合作的结果。故选B。risky“有风险的”；remarkable“非凡的，引人注目的”；traditional“传统的”；joyful“快乐的，令人愉快的”。 11．A.respect B．cooperation C．balance D．discussion 解析　B　参见上题解析。respect“尊重”；cooperation“合作”；balance“平衡”；discussion“讨论”。 12．A.blessing B．kindness C．concern D．gratitude 解析　D　根据空后的“for the efforts of everyone involved”可知，纽贝里县治安官办公室对所有相关人员的努力表达感激，故选D。blessing“祝福，赞同”；kindness“善良，宽容”；concern“担心，忧虑”；gratitude“感激，感谢”。 13．A.offering B．praising C．advocating D．assessing 解析　A　根据空后的“their thoughts”和常识可知，在搜救过程中，一些热心肠的人给出了他们的意见，故选A。offer“提供(东西或机会)，主动提出”；praise“赞扬，表扬”；advocate“提倡，支持”；assess“评估，评定(性质、质量)”。 14．A.performance B．virtue C．recovery D．courage 解析　C　该空与上文的“showed their relief”相呼应。他们对小女孩在家人照顾下的康复表示欣慰，故选C。performance“表演，演出”；virtue“美德，德行”；recovery“恢复，康复”；courage“勇气”。 15．A.edited B．perfected C．conducted D．celebrated 解析　D　根据空后的“as a heartwarming success story”可知，他们的英勇行为将在未来几年作为纽贝里县一个感人的成功故事被颂扬，故选D。edit“编辑，剪辑”；perfect“使完善，使完美，使完备”；conduct“执行”；celebrate“赞美，颂扬”。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$