必修第2册 Unit 6 Earth First（Word练习）-【精讲精练】2026年高考英语一轮复习（外研版）

[对应学生用书P477] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·郑州质量预测)Waterways are important for every country around the world.They provide not only water for everyday use but also routes for transport.However，due to industrial activity，many of them are now polluted. Dakota Perry from the US has experienced water pollution first­hand.The 15­year­old high school girl told Alabama Local News that she spends a lot of time going on boat rides with her dad on the river behind their house.However，the river has become littered with plastic bags，bottles and cups.Perry wanted to clean up the water so she could continue to enjoy the river.So，with the help of her father，she designed a system to collect and remove rubbish in waterways. In May，Perry put forward her solution at the Regeneron International Science and Engineering Fair held in Georgia，the US，and received a Judge's Award from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for her project. According to the Science News for Students website，her system was inspired by the Dutch Great Bubble(气泡) Barner in Amsterdam，which creates a flow of bubbles that trap waste and directs it to a catchment system.But Perry tried to challenge herself and make her system more environment­friendly.She planned to create a curtain of bubbles that stretched the river diagonally(对角地).The curtain would stop the floating rubbish and then push it toward the shore.Once there，a conveyor run by a solar­powered battery would carry the waste to a dustbin. In her backyard pool，Perry used an air compressor(压缩机) to send air through a pipe full of holes to create a stream of bubbles.She experimented with different amounts of pressure to make sure there would be enough bubbles to form a full curtain.“For the bubble system to actually work and collect rubbish，” she explained to Science News for Students，“I have to know how much pressure the air compressor is supposed to push out.” After she tested her system for collecting rubbish，Perry found that it worked better than expected.Next，she plans to work out how to use the power of the river to run the air compressor. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇新闻报道。美国15岁的高中女孩Dakota Perry在父亲的帮助下，设计了一款收集和清理河道垃圾的系统。 1．What motivated Perry to design a rubbish­collecting system? A．Her father's encouragement. B．Her desire to protect a nearby river. C．A visit to a science and engineering fair. D．An invention of a Dutch high school student. 解析　B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“boat rides with her dad on the river behind their house.However，the river has become littered with plastic bags，bottles and cups.Perry wanted to clean up the water”可知，Perry和她的爸爸喜欢在他们房子后面的河上乘船旅行，然而河里到处都是塑料袋、瓶子和杯子。为了清理河道里的垃圾，保护附近的河流，Perry设计了一款垃圾收集系统。故B项正确。 2．What can we know about the rubbish­collecting system? A．It was designed by Perry alone. B．It makes power to run the air compressor. C．It collects solar energy to remove rubbish. D．It creates a bubble curtain to block rubbish. 解析　D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“She planned to create a curtain of bubbles that stretched the river diagonally(对角地).The curtain would stop the floating rubbish and then push it toward the shore”可知，她计划制作一个气泡屏障，使河流对角线延伸，气泡屏障会阻止漂浮的垃圾，然后把它推向岸边。故D项正确。 3．What is the 5th paragraph mainly about? A．Advantages of the system. B．The way of testing the system. C．The improvement on the system. D．Challenges in the design process. 解析　B　段落大意题。根据第五段中的“She experimented with different amounts of pressure to make sure there would be enough bubbles to form a full curtain”(她尝试了不同量的压力，以确保有足够的气泡来形成一个完整的屏障)和“I have to know how much pressure the air compressor is supposed to push out(我得知道空气压缩机应该施加多大的压力)”可知，本段主要讲测试这个系统的方法。故B项正确。 4．What kind of person is Perry? A．Efficient and ambitious. B．Helpful and hard­working. C．Responsible and creative. D．Professional and adventurous. 解析　C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Perry wanted to clean up the water”可以看出，Perry是一个有社会责任感的孩子；根据第五段中的“She experimented with different amounts of pressure to make sure there would be enough bubbles”可以看出，Perry对自己的系统很负责任；根据第四段中的“Perry tried to challenge herself and make her system more environment­friendly”可知，Perry是一个有创新精神的人。故C项正确。 B (2024·郑州质量预测)Many news reports focus on climate change these days.Extreme heat，wildfires，floods，homeless polar bears...How do you feel when reading worrying news about climate change? You may believe that people are becoming insensitive to the warming planet，accepting that it is only getting worse. A research team at The Pennsylvania State University，US，reported otherwise.To record how the news can impact people's emotions，participants were first exposed to negative news stories about climate change for three days.They then continued to read negative news headlines for seven days.In the first three days，the participants experienced greater fear and less hope，which can potentially hurt an audience's belief that they can do anything to tackle the problem. However，during the seven­day­long exposure，the fear peaked and then held steady (稳定的).“We saw the opposite pattern in our second study.The more exposure people had to these threatening news stories each day，the more likely they are to think that they can make a difference in tackling climate change，” Christofer Skurka，the paper's lead author told The Pennsylvania State University website. According to the researchers，one possibility is that when the public hears about climate change threats，they may convince themselves that they have control over the situation.They will then believe that their actions may make a difference. Knowing that everyone is able to help is only the first step.According to a study that analyzed information from 430 different studies，what motivates people the most to change their behavior is social comparison.For example，if a person's neighbors follow a low­carbon lifestyle，such as driving electric cars，the person may feel social pressure and become more likely to follow this behavior.This happens because people usually judge their own behavior and follow social norms (规范).Another effective motivation is providing financial rewards to consumers，helping them save money. “There are so many routes to our goals，” Matthew Goldberg，the co­author of the study，told Scientific American.As Goldberg pointed out，future research like this can help policymakers decide how best to encourage people toward more climate­friendly habits. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。研究表明长期接触气候变化的新闻不会让人变得麻木不仁，反而会激发人们强烈的社会责任感。本文主要介绍了该研究的实施、结果以及如何激发人们保护环境的行为。 5．How did the participants react to negative news in the second study? A．They found the news unbelievable. B．They lost hope in tackling climate change. C．They experienced greater fear for the future. D．They felt a strong sense of social responsibility. 解析　D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“We saw the opposite pattern in our second study.The more...they are to think that they can make a difference in tackling climate change”可知，在第二项研究中，参与者每天接触这些威胁性的新闻报道越多，他们就越有可能认为自己可以在应对气候变化方面发挥作用。由此可以推知，参与者感到了一种强烈的社会责任感。故D项正确。 6．What encourages people most toward more climate­friendly behavior? A．Effective policy. B．Healthy lifestyle. C．Social influence. D．Financial support. 解析　C　细节理解题。 根据第五段中的“what motivates people the most to change their behavior is social comparison...people usually judge their own behavior and follow social norms(规范)”可知，最能促使人们改变行为的是社会比较，接着作者举例来阐述这一观点，并解释这是因为人们通常会评判自己的行为并遵循社会规范。由此可知，社会影响最能鼓励人们采取更有利于气候的行为。故选C。 7．What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A．Responses to climate change education. B．The effectiveness of community initiatives. C．The impact of social norms on the environment. D．Ways to encourage climate­friendly behavior. 解析　D　段落大意题。根据第五段中的“what motivates people the most to change their behavior is social comparison”和 “Another effective motivation is providing financial rewards to consumers，helping them save money”可知，第五段主要讲鼓励人们改变自己行为、激发人们气候友好行为的有效方式，故D项正确。 8．What is Goldberg's attitude towards similar future research? A．Doubtful. B．Optimistic. C．Objective. D．Indifferent. 解析　B　观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“future research like this can help policymakers decide how best to encourage people toward more climate­friendly habits”可知，未来像这样的研究可以帮助政策制定者决定如何最好地鼓励人们养成更有利于气候的习惯。由此可见，Goldberg对未来类似研究充满了希望，故B项正确。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2024·济南质检)The brain is often seen as the most important organ of us humans.It controls our thoughts，emotions，memories and even our movements.However，what many people often forget is that the brain and the body are closely connected. 1 Studies have shown that regular exercise can significantly improve cognitive functions such as memory，attention and problem­solving abilities. 2 How does this happen? Well，the answer lies in the way exercise affects the brain. Exercise increases the production of proteins that promote the growth and survival of neurons (神经元)，thus ensuring better brain functions.Moreover，exercise has a positive impact on moods and mental well­being.It helps release some natural mood boosters that make us feel more positive and happy. 3 As for the exercise variety，it's not just about aerobic (有氧的) exercise like running or cycling. 4 It improves concentration and decision­making abilities by enhancing the connectivity between different regions of the brain. 5 Exercise isn't just about keeping fit or losing weight; it's about improving cognitive functions，boosting moods and even helping us think more creatively.So，the next time you feel lazy or unmotivated to exercise，remember that every step you take is one step closer to a healthier，happier and more intelligent you. A．It even strengthens creativity. B．Actually the body deeply affects the brain. C．The brain also has great impacts on exercise. D．An exercise lover is unlikely to suffer from depression. E．Walking and jogging do good to mental functions too. F．Strength training has also been shown to benefit the brain. G．The links between the brain and the body cannot be overstated. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。大脑通常被视为人类最重要的器官。它控制着我们的思想、情绪、记忆，甚至我们的行动。然而，大脑和身体是紧密相连的。研究表明，经常锻炼可以显著提高记忆力、注意力和解决问题的能力等认知功能。 1．解析　B　空前讲“然而，许多人经常忘记的是，大脑和身体是紧密相连的”。下文提到“经常锻炼可以显著提高记忆力、注意力和解决问题的能力等认知功能”，揭示了身体对大脑的影响，故B项“事实上，身体深深地影响着大脑”承上启下，符合语境。 2．解析　A　空前提到“研究表明，经常锻炼可以显著提高记忆力、注意力和解决问题的能力等认知功能”，A项“它甚至增强创造力”与上文内容构成递进关系，均描述了经常锻炼对大脑的影响。A项中的It指代空前的“regular exercise”。 3．解析　D　空前的“exercise has a positive impact...feel more positive and happy”讲锻炼对情绪和精神健康有积极的影响。它有助于释放一些自然的情绪舒畅剂，让我们感觉更积极和快乐。D项“一个运动爱好者不太可能患抑郁症”承接上文，符合语境。 4．解析　F　根据空前的“至于运动种类，不仅仅包括像跑步或骑自行车这样的有氧运动”，并结合常识可推知，空处内容应与无氧运动有关。故F项“力量训练也被证明对大脑有益”承接上文。空后的It指代F项中的“Strength training”。 5．解析　G　空处所在段是文章的总结段。上文具体描述了锻炼是如何积极地影响大脑的。下文讲“锻炼不仅仅是为了保持健康或减肥；它可以提高认知功能，提升情绪，甚至帮助我们更具创造性地思考”，再次强调了锻炼对大脑的积极影响。故G项“大脑和身体之间的联系再怎么夸大都不为过”符合语境。 Ⅲ.语法填空 (2024·石家庄教学质检)Dunhuang used to be a major stop along the Silk Road，but is now mainly a fascinating tourist destination. Those interested 1. Dunhuang's colorful history will be attracted by the Mogao Caves，one of the city's main attractions.The entrance to each cave 2. (block) by a locked door，which can only be opened by expert guides.Behind these doors are caves of all 3. (size)—from very small to absolutely huge.The caves contain thousands of priceless manuscripts and silk paintings，which，upon their discovery，drew much 4. (attend) to the area. Also，there are few things as special as walking across the desert oasis at sunrise. 5. (catch) this incredible scene，you must rise early.It's bitterly cold.But as the sun rises atop the golden dunes(沙丘) and paints a 6. (true) picturesque scene，all your efforts pay off.Sunset is a popular time for a camel ride.Get off the camels 7. walk up a rather steep dune overlooking the Crescent Lake.From this position，8. (regard) as the best one，the incredible sunset is awe­inspiring. No trip to Dunhuang is complete without visiting the Dunhuang Museum， 9. it's possible to put all of the city's historical sites into proper historical context.The museum is expansive，10. (contain) many original artworks.Here，you are bound to be amazed by Dunhuang's rich culture. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了敦煌，它曾是丝绸之路的重要驿站，如今成为迷人的旅游胜地。游客可在日出时漫步沙漠绿洲，日落时分骑骆驼。那里还有敦煌莫高窟和敦煌博物馆供人们游览。 1．解析　in　考查介词。句意：那些对敦煌丰富多彩的历史感兴趣的人将被该城市的主要景点之一敦煌莫高窟吸引。考查固定短语be interested in，故填介词in。 2．解析　is blocked　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：每个洞窟的入口都被一扇锁着的门堵着，只有专业导游才能打开。空处所在句为主从复合句，which引导定语从句，主句缺谓语动词；此处描述客观情况，故用一般现在时；主语The entrance与block是被动关系，应用被动语态；且主语是第三人称单数。故填is blocked。 3．解析　sizes　考查名词复数。根据空前的all和空后的“from very small to absolutely huge”可知，此处应用名词复数，表示不止一个尺寸，故填 sizes。 4．解析　attention　考查名词。空前有much修饰，应该用不可数名词作 drew 的宾语，结合常用表达draw attention to“吸引对……的注意力”也可知，应填attention。 5．解析　To catch　考查非谓语动词。句意：为了捕捉这一令人难以置信的场景，你必须早起。结合句意可知，此处为非谓语动词短语作目的状语，注意句首要首字母大写，故填 To catch。 6．解析　truly　考查副词。此处表示“描绘出一幅真正古色古香的场景”；空后 picturesque“古色古香的”是形容词，应用副词修饰，故填truly。 7．解析　and　考查连词。句意：从骆驼上下来，爬上一个俯瞰月牙泉的相当陡峭的沙丘。本句是祈使句，get off 和 walk up 两个动词短语并列且表示顺承，故填并列连词and。 8．解析　regarded　考查非谓语动词。句意：从这个被认为是最佳的位置看，令人难以置信的日落令人敬畏。分析句子结构可知，此处构成非谓语动词短语，regard与position构成逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词表示被动，故应用过去分词regarded。 9．解析　where　考查定语从句。句意：没有参观敦煌博物馆的敦煌之旅是不完整的，在那里可以将这座城市的所有历史遗迹置于适当的历史背景中。 分析句子结构可知，该空引导定语从句修饰先行词 Dunhuang Museum，且指代先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where。 10．解析　containing　考查非谓语动词。句意：博物馆很大，收藏了许多原作。分析句子结构可知，空处构成非谓语动词短语作状语。contain意为“包含”，和主语The museum构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用现在分词形式 containing。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$