必修第1册 Unit 2 Exploring English（Word练习）-【精讲精练】2026年高考英语一轮复习（外研版）

[对应学生用书P446] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2025·八省联考)Want to learn a new language or get A's in college exams? Previous studies have shown that exercise can help stimulate the areas of the brain that convert (转换) new information into long­term memory.A new study has taken this information one step further and found the best time when exercise can help maximize learning. Building upon past research that found exercise releases biochemicals that improve mental function，scientists at Radboud University and the University of Edinburgh conducted a study to determine when exercise was most beneficial to learning. Participants—72 healthy male and female adults—were first asked to perform a computer test that challenged their visual and spatial learning.After the test，all of the subjects watched nature documentaries，but two­thirds of them also exercised.Half of the exercisers did circuit training on an exercise bike for 35 minutes immediately after the test.The other half did the same exercise but not until four hours after they had been tested. Two days later，all of the participants returned to the lab for a recall test，and they were connected to MRI (磁共振成像) machines to assess their brain activity.The participants who exercised four hours after taking the computer test were able to recall what they had learned most accurately.Their brainwaves also showed more consistent levels of activity，indicating that their brains were less taxed to remember what they had learned. According to this research，the best time to exercise to improve learning is four hours after studying.But why? That's one question the researchers have yet to answer.Another question left unanswered is the level of exercise that might best improve learning.I've run enough marathons to prove the fact that my brain is anything but sharp during or after a tough workout.But the researchers noted that light workouts might not give the brain enough of a biochemical boost to improve learning. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新研究——锻炼可以帮助刺激大脑将新信息转化为长期记忆，以及可以有助于最大化提高学习效果的最佳时间。 1．What did the new study aim to explore? A．When exercise is best for learning. B．What biochemicals are good for health. C．How brainwaves should be measured. D．Which area of the brain is the most active. 解析　A　细节理解题。根据第一段中“A new study has taken this information one step further and found the best time when exercise can help maximize learning.(一项新的研究更进一步找到了锻炼有助于最大化学习效果的最佳时间。)”可知，新研究旨在探索什么时候锻炼最有利于学习。故选A。 2．What were all the participants asked to do during the experiment? A．Train on bicycles. B．Do mathematics exercises. C．Play computer games. D．Watch films about nature. 解析　D　细节理解题。根据第三段中“After the test，all of the subjects watched nature documentaries(测试后，所有受试者都观看了自然纪录片)”可知，实验要求所有受试者在实验过程中观看自然纪录片。故选D。 3．Why did the participants return to the lab two days later? A．To do a medical examination. B．To have their memory tested. C．To get their workouts recorded. D．To finish their previous tasks. 解析　B　细节理解题。根据第四段中“Two days later，all of the participants returned to the lab for a recall test(两天后，所有参与者返回实验室进行回忆测试)”可知，参与者两天后返回实验室是为了进行记忆测试。故选B。 4．What might the author's marathon running prove? A．The findings of the study are reliable. B．Long­distance runners are often smart. C．Studies on the marathon are not enough. D．Hard exercise may not sharpen the brain. 解析　D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I've run enough marathons to prove the fact that my brain is anything but sharp during or after a tough workout.(我已经跑了足够多的马拉松来证明这样一个事实：在艰苦的锻炼过程中或之后，我的大脑一点也不敏锐。)”可知，作者通过自己跑马拉松的经历证明，剧烈的锻炼可能不会使大脑变得敏锐。故选D。 B (2024·南通调研测试)Ramírez Castañeda，a Colombian biologist，spends her time in the Amazon studying how snakes eat poisonous frogs without getting ill.Although her findings come in many shapes and sizes，she and her colleagues have struggled to get their biological discoveries out to the wider scientific community.With Spanish as her mother tongue，her research had to be translated into English to be published.That wasn't always possible because of budget or time—and it means that some of her findings were never published. “It's not that I'm a bad scientist，” she says.“It's just because of the language.” Castañeda is not alone.There is plenty of research in non­English­language papers that gets lost in translation，or is never translated.A research looked through more than 400，000 peer­reviewed papers in 16 different languages and found 1，234 studies providing evidence on biodiversity conservation which，because they weren't in English，may have been overlooked.These included Japanese­language findings on the effectiveness of relocating the endangered Blakiston's fish owl，the largest owl species. Some experts argue that for the sake of the bigger picture，scientific knowledge should converge (趋同) into one common language.Science is very globalized and becoming more so，so the use of a global language is enormous for that. Of course，scientists can work with an English partner，or use a translator—but this ultimately strengthens the cycle of dependency on the global north，leading to inequality in international influence.The specific meanings of words can also pose a problem in translation.For example，it is difficult to find in English one single word to describe forest snakes and frogs in the work Castañeda does with indigenous (本地的) communities in the Amazon. “So we're losing observations for science，too，” says Castañeda.“For me，it's not possible to just have everything translated into English.We need multilingual (用多种语言的) science，and we need people that feel comfortable doing science in their own languages.It could be possible to switch to a world where，say，Chinese，English and Spanish are the three languages of science，just as English，French and German were the languages of science in the 19th century.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章以哥伦比亚生物学家拉米雷斯·卡斯塔涅达遭遇的语言问题为例，揭示了目前有很多非英文论文无法被翻译。对此，一些专家主张科学知识应当转换为一个共同的语言——英语。但作者对此并不认同。作者认为这会导致国际影响力的不平等，并且有些专业术语很难用英语翻译。因此，作者希望建立一个多语种的科学世界。 5．What prevented Castañeda's discoveries from being more widely known? A．Poor management. B．The language barrier. C．Her bad reputation. D．Opposition from her colleagues. 解析　B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“With Spanish as her mother tongue，her research had to be translated into English to be published.That wasn't always possible because of budget or time—and it means that some of her findings were never published.”可知，语言障碍阻止了卡斯塔涅达的发现被更广泛地了解。故选B。 6．What's the consequence of the dominant focus on English in scientific research? A．Inefficient wildlife conservation. B．A knowledge gap in the scientific world. C．A growing interest in non­English papers. D．Inadequate job opportunities for translators. 解析　B　推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Of course，scientists can work with an English partner，or use a translator—but this ultimately strengthens the cycle of dependency on the global north，leading to inequality in international influence.”可推知，科学研究中以英语为主导的结果是最终会加强对北半球(一些国家)的依赖循环，导致国际影响力的不平等，因此这会在科学界产生知识鸿沟。故选B。 7．What does the author want to illustrate by mentioning forest snakes and frogs? A．The urgency to protect rare species. B．The need to adopt one global language. C．The challenges in translating scientific texts. D．The biodiversity on the South American continent. 解析　C　推理判断题。根据第五段中的“The specific meanings of words can also pose a problem in translation.For example，it is difficult to find in English one single word to describe forest snakes and frogs...”可知，作者以林蛇和林蛙为例，旨在说明一些科学研究中的文本比较难翻译，即存在挑战。故选C。 8．What is presented in the last paragraph of the text? A．A potential solution. B．A theoretical model. C．A popular belief. D．A global trend. 解析　A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“It could be possible to switch to a world where，say，Chinese，English and Spanish are the three languages of science，just as English，French and German were the languages of science in the 19th century.”可知，本段主要介绍卡斯塔涅达希望建立一个多语种的科学世界来解决语言障碍问题。由此可知，本段在介绍一个潜在的解决方案。故选A。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2024·济南一模) Risks of Overtraining Getting into shape and training for an event such as a marathon requires long­lasting and intense physical commitment. 1 But the truth is，sometimes the very acts we do to get healthy can actually push us past our physical limits. Specifically，overtraining is a set of signs that occur when your body is not able to recover sufficiently before going into your next workout. 2 People tend to ignore them.Over time，the cycle of starting the next training session before allowing recovery causes breakdown of the very parts of the body that you work so hard to build up. The structures and systems of your body adapt to the demands you have placed on them before the rest time.If your workout slightly goes beyond your current ability，it will adapt toward what you did in a positive way. 3 Two main factors are necessary in recovery: nutrition and rest.Good nutrition，including water and protein intake，is extremely important，especially within 40 minutes of your workout. 4 Your body uses the nutrients you have given it during the rest time，especially sleep，to strengthen. One of the best ways to prevent overtraining is to focus on your morning resting heart rate. 5 Generally，you will detect an increase in your heart rate before the other signs show up.Tracking it in a log can be a great way to monitor your recovery. A．It's easy to measure and track. B．Allowing time for recovery is also essential. C．The problem is that they show up very gradually. D．Below are the signs and symptoms of overtraining. E．Listening to your body will assure you of your fitness goals. F．If far beyond，it'll take longer to adapt and may cause injury. G．We generally assume regular intense exercise is good for our health. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了过度训练的危害、恢复方式和预防措施。 1．解析　G　空前讲到了“为马拉松这样的项目强身健体和训练需要长期和高强度的身体投入”，而空后则是转折“但是事实上，我们为获得健康而做的事情实际上会推动我们超越身体的极限”。由此可见，空处讲到的应该是“长期和高强度的身体投入”是可取的，故G项“我们通常认为定期的高强度运动对我们的健康有益”符合语境，且G项中的“We generally assume”和空后的“the truth is”形成了明显的转折。 2．解析　C　空前讲到了“过度训练是指你的身体在下一次锻炼前不能充分恢复的一系列迹象”，而空后讲到了“人们往往会忽略它们”。由此可见，“一系列迹象”是不容易被人发现的，C项“问题是它们是逐渐出现的”说明了不易被人发现的原因，且C项中的“they”指代上文中的“a set of signs”，故选C。 3．解析　F　空前讲到了“如果你的锻炼稍微超出了你目前的能力，它将以一种积极的方式适应你的锻炼”，F项“如果远远超过(你目前的能力)，它将需要更长的时间来适应，而且可能造成伤害”与上文形成了递进关系，故F项符合语境。 4．解析　B　本段主旨句讲到了“Two main factors are necessary in recovery: nutrition and rest”，空前已经讲到了“nutrition”，因此，空处应该会讲到“rest”。B项“允许恢复的时间也是必要的”符合语境，且其中的“also”表明了空处与空前的递进关系。 5．解析　A　空前讲到了“focus on your morning resting heart rate”，空后讲到了“you will detect an increase in your heart rate”，因此，空处讲到的应该也是与关注和检测心率相关的内容，A项“它很容易被测量和跟踪”承上启下。A项中的“It”指的是上文中的“morning resting heart rate”。 Ⅲ.语法填空 (2025·八省联考)In 2010，the UN Department of Global Communications instituted language days for each of the organization's six official languages.The goal was two­fold：1. (celebrate) cultural diversity as well as to promote the equal use of all six 2. (tongue). Language is the carrier of communication，the bridge of interaction between nations，3. the bond of understanding among civilizations.At the same time，a language and its individual 4. (write) forms make up the “soul” of a national tradition.Every language is worthy of respect and should 5. (treat) equally. The UN Chinese Language Day not only provides a unique platform 6. the world to better understand China，but also 7. (promote) language and cultural exchanges in the world. Today，more than 70 countries have included the Chinese language in their education systems.Chinese plays an increasingly important role in 8. (improve) communication and cooperation between China and 9. rest of the world.As more and more foreigners start to study the Chinese language and experience Chinese culture，the world will have a better understanding of China and its rich history，its hard­working people，its development through 10. (innovate)，and its inclusiveness.China，on its part，will also embrace (拥抱) the world with greater openness and make new contributions to the international community. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了联合国设立语言日的目的及中文日的意义。 1．解析　to celebrate　考查非谓语动词。句意：目的是双重的：庆祝文化多样性，并促进所有六种语言的平等使用。本句谓语为was，此处为非谓语动词，应用celebrate“庆祝”的不定式，作目的状语，与to promote并列。故填to celebrate。 2．解析　tongues　考查名词的数。句意：同上。tongue“语言”为可数名词，由six修饰，应用复数形式。故填tongues。 3．解析　and　考查连词。句意：语言是沟通的载体，是国家间互动的桥梁，是文明间理解的纽带。the carrier of communication、the bridge of interaction between nations和the bond of understanding among civilizations为并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。 4．解析　written　考查形容词。句意：语言和它的书写形式组成了民族传统的“灵魂”。本空修饰名词forms，需用形容词written“书写的”，作前置定语。故填written。 5．解析　be treated　考查动词语态。句意：每一种语言都值得尊重，应该平等对待。主语Every language与动词treat“对待”构成被动关系，用be treated表示被动，且位于情态动词should后，be用原形。故填be treated。 6．解析　for　考查介词。句意：联合国中文日不仅为世界提供了一个更好地了解中国的独特平台，而且促进了世界范围内的语言和文化交流。表示“为某人/某物提供某物”用固定短语provide sth for sb/sth，本空用介词for，符合题意。故填for。 7．解析　promotes　考查时态和主谓一致。句意：联合国中文日不仅为世界提供了一个更好地了解中国的独特平台，而且促进了世界范围内的语言和文化交流。此处与provides并列作谓语，时态应用一般现在时，且主语为The UN Chinese Language Day，本空用promote“促进”的第三人称单数形式。故填promotes。 8．解析　improving　考查非谓语动词。句意：中文在促进中国与世界其他地区的交流与合作方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。此处作介词in的宾语，应用improve“提高”的动名词形式，作宾语。故填improving。 9．解析　the　考查冠词。句意：同上。the rest of...“……的其余部分”，为固定短语，本空用冠词the，符合题意。故填the。 10．解析　innovation　考查名词。句意：随着越来越多的外国人开始学习中文和体验中国文化，世界将更好地了解中国及其丰富的历史、勤劳的人民、通过创新实现的发展以及包容性。此处作介词through的宾语，应用名词innovation“创新”。故填innovation。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$