选择性必修第1册 Unit 1 Relationships（Word教参）-【精讲精练】2026年高考英语一轮复习（北师大版）

主题语境：人与社会——人际关系 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Can you give some examples of the practical (实际的) applications VR has？(译林选必二U4) 2．The four countries that belong (属于) to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.(人教必修二U4) 3．As the deadline (最后期限) approached, I had to stay up all night working on my laptop to complete it.(译林选必四U4) 4．Check the address of the interview, decide what mode of transport to use and allow extra time for traffic delays (推迟)．(译林选必四U3) 5．For example, if you are a business person negotiating with a large enterprise about a deal, you should do it face to face, using formal language in a straightforward manner (方式)．(译林选必四U2) Ⅱ.语境运用 1．The problem lay in the large amounts spent on defence (defend)． 2．English people are supposed to be very reserved (reserve), but Pete is the exception that proves the rule—he'll chat to anyone! 3．Charlotte seemed too distracted (distract) to give him much attention. 4．Farmers are introducing innovations (innovate) which increase the productivity. 5．The headmaster has a preference that he prefers overseas Chinese students highly and encourages them to return home to start their own careers.(prefer) Ⅲ.完成句子 1．如果你坚持练习，你就会发现剪纸很简单。 (find＋宾语＋宾语补足语) You will find paper­cutting very easy if you keep practising it. 2．要是我生活在他的时代，听从他的教导就好了！(if only引导的虚拟条件句) If only I had lived in his times and listened to his guidance! 3．他第一天穿上它们就赶上了一场大雨。(the first day引导的时间状语从句) The first day he wore them, he was caught in a very heavy shower of rain. 4．我一次也没有机会参加那个著名教育学家的报告。(否定词置于句首的倒装) Not once did I have access to attending the presentation of the famous educationalist. [日积月累·联想发散] “旅行”名词家族 聚集­ing/­ed结尾的形容词 “可怕的”高频形容词 ①journey (长途)旅行 ②tour (观光)旅行 ③travel 旅行 ④voyage 航行；航海 ⑤trip (短途)旅行；外出 ⑥outing 远足 ①astonishing 令人十分惊讶的 ②astonished 感到十分惊讶的 ③frightening 令人恐惧的 ④frightened 受惊的；受恐吓的 ⑤terrifying 令人恐惧的 ⑥terrified 感到害怕的 ⑦disappointing 令人失望的 ⑧disappointed 感到失望的 ①awesome 可怕的 ②frightening 吓人的；可怕的 ③alarming 令人惊恐的 ④awful 可怕的；惊人的 ⑤horrible 恐怖的 ⑥terrible 可怕的 ⑦terrifying 极其可怕的；吓人的 [核心单词] grateful adj. 感激的，感谢的 (1)be grateful to sb for sth 因某事感激某人 I would be grateful if... 如果……我将不胜感激 (2)with gratitude 感谢地 in gratitude for 以表达对……的感激，以感谢 ①I'm extremely grateful to all the teachers for their help. ②My childhood is quite happy compared (compare) with hers. I am grateful (gratitude) that I did not need to go through the hardships like she did. I've never faced the problem of education.(2024·全国甲卷) ③I said gratefully (grateful), hugging them in my weak muddy arms.(2024·山东威海模拟) ④为感谢你为我所做的一切，我想明天请你去吃饭，可以吗？ Will you let me take you out to dinner tomorrow in gratitude for what you've done? lack vt. (lacked, lacked, lacking) 缺乏 (1)lack sth 缺少某物(不用于被动语态) lack for nothing 一无所缺；应有尽有 (2)for lack of...因缺乏…… a lack of sth 缺乏某物 (3)lacking adj. 短缺的；缺乏的 be lacking in...缺少…… ①Because of their lack of self­discipline, they're more easily addicted to chatting (chat) online or playing games.(2022·全国乙卷) ②Though he is rich in knowledge, he is lacking in relevant experience. ③Lacking (lack) confidence has prevented him from accomplishing his goal. ④尽管这对双胞胎缺乏烹饪经验，但他们通过上网寻求建议来弥补。(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷，读后续写) a．Though they were lacking in/lacked cooking experience，the twins made up for it by turning to the Internet for some advice. b．Though lacking cooking experience，the twins made up for it by turning to the Internet for some advice.(省略句) c．For lack of cooking experience，the twins made up for it by turning to the Internet for some advice.(介词短语) [点津]　(1)lack作名词时，常与介词of连用； (2)lack作动词时可用作及物动词，其后直接接宾语，但不可用于被动语态； (3)形容词lacking常与介词in连用。 presentation n. 报告；陈述；说明 present n. 目前，现在；礼物 adj. 在场的；当前的 v. (presented, presented, presenting) 提出；颁发；提交；表达 (1)oral presentation 口头报告/演讲 (2)at present 目前，现在 (3)present sth to sb 向某人赠送某物 (4)be present at 出席，到场，参加 ①After a short while, in the company of my classmates, I appeared at the award presentation (present)and immediately became the focus in the big hall.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷，读后续写) ②Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed (enjoy) in the presence (present) of welcoming guides from local walking clubs.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) ③There were 200 people present at the meeting. ④你改变不了过去，但如果你忧虑未来，将会毁了现在。(读后续写之主旨升华) You can't change the past, but you can ruin the present by worrying about the future． worthwhile adj. 值得做的；重要的；有益的 (1)It is worthwhile to do/doing sth ,某事值得做 (2)sth be （well） worth doing 某事（非常）值得被做 sth be worth the money/an effort/a try 某事值得花钱/努力/一试 sth be worth it 某事值得一做 (3)sth/sb be worthy ①More importantly, the festival brought me lovely memories and friendships worth cherishing (cherish) forever.(2022·浙江首考) ②Melissa, his daughter, felt it more than worthwhile saving/to save (save) his music. ③The good news is that it's simple to learn and can be worth the effort (值得努力)． ④我认为，这个音乐节的开幕式很值得观看。 →Personally speaking, the opening ceremony of the music festival is well worth watching．(worth) →As far as I'm concerned, the opening ceremony of the music festival is very worthy to be watched/of being watched．(worthy) →From my point of view, it is very worthwhile watching/to watch the opening ceremony of the music festival.(worthwhile) ⑤对于我们大多人来说，这个计划值得考虑，因为它对那些需要的人有益。(应用文之倡议信) For most of us, it is worthwhile to consider this plan, which is of great benefit to those in need. [点津]　worth一般只作表语，可用程度副词well修饰；而worthy和worthwhile既可作表语又可作定语。 ashamed adj. 羞愧的；内疚的；惭愧的 (1)be ashamed of sb/sth 为某人/事感到羞愧 be ashamed to do sth 耻于做某事 (2)It is a shame that/to do...真可惜…… to one's shame 令某人惭愧的是…… (3)shame sb 使某人感到羞愧 ①To her shame, she gained back all the weight she'd lost. ②I'm ashamed to admit (admit) that I've never read any of his books. ③我是如此羞愧，以至于我感觉心如刀绞。(读后续写之羞愧) →I was so ashamed that I felt as if a knife were piercing my heart. →So ashamed was I that I felt as if a knife were piercing my heart. ④Tom threw himself into his mother's arms and tears of shame and embarrassment welled up in his eyes.(读后续写之心理描写) a．Tom threw himself into his mother's arms, with tears of shame and embarrassment welling up in his eyes．(with复合结构) b．Tom threw himself into his mother's arms, tears of shame and embarrassment welling up in his eyes．(独立主格结构) demanding adj. 要求严格的，费力的 (1)demand (of sb) to do sth 要求(某人)做某事 demand that...(should) do sth 要求……做某事(从句用虚拟语气) (2)a demand for...对……的需(要)求 be in great demand 需求量很大；供不应求 meet/satisfy one's demands 满足某人的需求 ①Because it was a demanding task，the manager demanded that we (should) work extra hours to meet customers' demands．(demand) ②My father came down and demanded to know (know) what had happened. ③It turns out that such robots can help with the most demanding (demand) tasks. ④因为摘苹果需要爬树，农民们要求我们谨慎小心。(应用文之事件报道) Because picking apples involved climbing trees, the farmers demanded that we (should) be cautious and careful． ⑤父亲要求双胞胎在他帮忙做早餐时把厨房打扫干净。(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷，读后续写) Father demanded the twins (should) clean up the kitchen/to clean up the kitchen when he helped make breakfast. manner n. 方式，方法；礼貌；态度 in the manner of...用……的方式 in a．..manner以……的方式 good manners有礼貌 bad manners没礼貌 It's good/bad manners to do sth 做某事是有/无礼貌的 ①The Swiss follow formal table manners (manner)． ②He treats us in a good manner. ③就我个人而言，打断别人说话是不礼貌的。 As far as I'm concerned, it is bad manners to interrupt others when they are talking. ④她以一种粗鲁的方式对待她的朋友们，这使她妈妈既失望又生气。(读后续写之情感描写) She treated her friends in a rude manner，making her mother disappointed and annoyed. deadline n. 截止日期，最后期限 the deadline for sth 某事的截止日期 meet the deadline 如期完成 ahead of/before the deadline 在截止日期之前 ①The books should be sorted out before/ahead of the deadline (在截止日期之前)． ②The deadline for applications is April 30. ③我们不遗余力地工作是为了如期完成工作。 We spare no effort to work in order to meet the deadline. complain vi.&vt. (complained, complained, complaining) 抱怨；不满；发牢骚 (1)complain (to sb) of/about (doing) sth (向某人)投诉/抱怨(做)某事；因某事(向某人)发牢骚 complain (to sb) that... (向某人)抱怨…… (2)make a complaint about sth 抱怨/投诉某事 make a complaint to sb 向某人抱怨/投诉 ①If the service was so bad, why didn't you complain to the manager? ②I've made a complaint (complain) to the public about the noise. ③89.9% percent of couples with two children complained of/about the lack of supporting public services and the inconveniences caused by that. ④我想向你投诉贵宾馆的服务员弄坏了我的行李箱。(应用文之投诉信) I'd like to complain to you that the waiter of your hotel broke my suitcase. appointment n. 约定；约会 (1)make/have an appointment with sb 与某人约会/预约 keep/break an appointment 守/违约 (2)appoint sb as/to be...任命某人为…… be appointed as/to be...被任命为…… appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事 (3)the appointed time 约定的时间 ①The government will encourage them to make an appointment (appoint) before visiting the hospital. ②The time appointed for the meeting was 9：30 a．m. ③I turned up at the appointed (appoint) hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest had arrived (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit.(2023·北京卷) ④很遗憾我不能在约定的时间和你去郊游。(2021·北京卷，道歉信) It's a great pity that I will fail to go outing with you at the appointed time． ⑤得知你已被任命为学生会主席，我真诚地祝贺你。(应用文之祝贺信) Learning that you have been appointed as/to be chairman of the Students' Association, I sincerely congratulate you. competitor n. 选手，参赛者 (1)compete in...参加……(比赛/竞争) compete for...为……而竞争 compete with/against sb 与某人竞争 (2)in competition with...与……进行竞争 ①Only qualified or invited competitors can compete in the final competition in Shanghai. (compete) ②Above all，I hoped he wouldn't assign me to work with the fiercely competitive (compete)and extremely serious fellow who always wore dark clothes and apparently had a personality to match.(2022·浙江1月卷) ③You'll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally (traditional) slower.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) ④我们将和其他排球队在比赛中竞争冠军。(应用文之告知信) We will compete with/against other volleyball teams in the competition to compete for the championship. belong vt. (belonged, belonged, belonging) 属于 vi.应在(某处)；适应 (1)belong to属于；是……的成员；应归入 ①belong to不能用于进行时态和被动语态，后接名词或代词宾格 ②belong还可用于除to以外的其他介词或副词前面，如in, on, among, under等，表“某人/某物处在适当的位置” (2)a sense of belonging归属感 ①Butch, a dog who belonged(belong) to one of the neighbors, was waiting just like every day before.(2025·八省联考) ②The visitors lost their belongings (belong) in the hotel. ③She recognised the voice belonging (belong) to the man who had attacked her. ④我是绘画俱乐部成员，这能让我加深游客对中国文化的了解。(应用文之申请信) I belong to a painting club, which enables me to deepen visitors' understanding of Chinese culture. contrast n. 差异，差别 vt. (contrasted, contrasted, contrasting) 形成对比 (1)by/in contrast 相比之下 in contrast with/to 与……对比； 与……相反 make a contrast with 与……形成对比 (2)contrast...with/and...对比……和…… ①It is a distinct visual contrast that shouldn't work, but somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.(2023·全国乙卷) ②In contrast with/to (与……相反) my brother, I don't like camping at all. ③我姐姐的勤奋与我的懒惰形成了鲜明的对比。 My sister's diligence makes a contrast with my laziness. 词形转换 用所给词的正确形式填空，注意特殊词形变化 1．(2024·广东佛山检测)Studies indicate that confident people tend to be healthier due to the positive effects of emotion (associate)with happiness and satisfaction. 解析　associated　be associated with“与……有关”，固定搭配，此处用非谓语动词作定语。 2．(2024·浙江首考)The chief (complain) about online courses is that they lack human interaction. 解析　complaint　chief是形容词，用来修饰名词。 3．He believes students with high levels of (fluent) in Spanish will be in demand in the job market in the years to come. 解析　fluency　根据句意“他认为，西班牙语水平高的学生在未来几年的就业市场上将很受欢迎”可知，设空处应为名词。 4．A company cannot be sold without the (approve) of the shareholders. 解析　approval　介词without后应填名词approval。 5．They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and military (defend)． 解析　defence　设空处应与其前的名词currency并列。 6．English people are supposed to be very (reserve), but Peter is the exception that proves the rule—he'll chat to anyone! 解析　reserved　根据句意“英国人被认为是非常矜持的，但皮特是个例外——他会和任何人聊天”可知，应填形容词。 动词的形式变化和固定用法 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式(注意不规则动词的形式变化) 1．(2023·浙江金华联考)The original (intend) of the project is to involve more people in our voluntary activities and spread warm love like sunshine. 解析　intention　original后要用名词，意为“带着……目的”。故填intention。 2．So far we (organise) a number of activities to promote the friendship between the two companies. 解析　have organised　so far “到目前为止”，与现在完成时连用，故填have organised。 3．If only I (not ignore) the advice that my partner offered to me! 解析　hadn't ignored　if only “要是……就好了”，后面接句子用虚拟语气，根据句意可知是与过去事实相反，故填hadn't ignored。 4．It is bad manners (spit) in public. 解析　to spit　分析句子结构可知， it是形式主语， to do不定式是真正的主语，故填to spit。 5．The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are (demand)，but they can also be extremely rewarding. (译林选必三U2) 解析　demanding　分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作表语，故填demanding。 熟词生义 写出黑体词的汉语意思 1．Higher salaries helped to fuel inflation.刺激 2．The two countries began to discuss their tense relations.紧张的 3．I wasn't sure if I could handle such a powerful car.控制，操纵 4．He is an overbearing man and always tries to force everyone to bend to his will.屈从 5．In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn，associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop.副的 6．Fresh food is so scarce that prices have rocketed.飞速上涨 [短语和句型] associate with 与……交往 (1)be associated with...与……有关联 business associate 生意伙伴 (2)associate A with B 将A与B联系起来 (3)in association with...与……有关联/与……联合 ①Thanks to Beijing's long history as the capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic events.(2023·浙江首考) ②His English improved rapidly because of his association (associate) with British people. ③There are many serious health problems which are associated (associate) with smoking. →There are many serious health problems associated with smoking. ④竹子与健康、富贵和阖家幸福有关。(2020·新高考Ⅱ卷，应用文) Bamboo plants are associated with health, abundance and a happy home. stand by 袖手旁观；做好准备；支持 stand for　代表；主张；容忍 stand up to 抵抗，勇敢面对 stand out 出色；杰出；显眼，突出 ①The snow­capped mountain stood out against the blue sky.(读后续写之景色描写) ②Don't be afraid of difficulties; stand up to them with confidence and you'll succeed. ③当数百万人挨饿时，我们不能袖手旁观。 We can't stand by while millions of people starve. on behalf of sb 代表某人 on sb's behalf 　代表某人 represent sb 代表某人 stand for 代表；象征 take the place of sb (＝take sb's place) 代替某人 in place of 代替 ①On behalf of my parents, I'd like to thank all our guests for attending my brother's wedding dinner. ②My husband could not be here tonight, but I want to thank you on behalf of him. ③我代表那些想在英语方面取得进步的人，诚挚地邀请您在周五晚上7点接受采访。(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷，应用文) On behalf of those who feel like making progress in English, I sincerely invite you to give an interview at 7 p．m. on Friday. ④我非常高兴代表我们学校告诉你们有关即将到来的排球比赛的一些事宜。(应用文之通知) →Representing our school, I'm glad to tell you something about the coming volleyball game.(represent) →On behalf of our school, I'm glad to tell you something about the coming volleyball game.(behalf) take up 占据；开始从事 take in吸收，收留；欺骗 take on雇用；承担(工作，责任)；呈现 take over接管 take off脱下；起飞；休假；事业腾飞 ①You need a break. Why not take a fortnight off from work? ②Not only have I tried something new, but it allows me to take on responsibilities.(2023·全国乙卷) ③It was several minutes before I could take in what he was saying. ④就个人而言，我认为我是做这个工作的最佳人选。 Personally speaking, I think I am the best person to take up the job． 不定式(短语)作后置定语 (教材原句)If you're one of my 500 friends online, you'll always be the first to know. 如果你是我的500个网友之一，你总会是第一个知道的。 ①At this point, it is not clear why dogs seem to be equipped with the ability to recognize (recognize) different facial expressions in humans.(2021·浙江卷) ②John was the first person to think (think) of making popcorn to help Bernard earn some extra money. He was convinced that he had the ability to help (help) Bernard out of the difficulty. ③Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans to retire (retire) from her 36­year­old business. ④我讨厌最后一个进教室。 I hate to be the last one to come into the classroom. what引导主语从句 (教材原句)What is really worrying is that no one I know, including myself, could go cold turkey. 真正让人担心的是，我认识的人，包括我自己，都不能够戒掉互联网。 what引导主语从句时在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语，相当于定语从句中的“先行词＋关系代词”的形式，表示“……的事情(时间、地点、样子等)”。 ①That the college will take in more new students this year is true. ②Whether he can finish his task on time is of great importance. ③How the book will sell depends on its author. ④我的父母总是像对待小孩子那样对我，让我很不开心。 That my parents always treat me as a little child makes me very unhappy. ⑤给我印象最深的是爱尔兰的民间舞蹈和歌曲，这绝对是艺术节的亮点之一。(2022·浙江1月卷，应用文) What impressed me most was Irish folk dances and songs, which was definitely one of the highlights of the festival. if only 引导的虚拟条件句 (教材原句)Sometimes I think, if only I could call him and ask for his opinion! 有时我想，要是我能给他打电话征求他的意见就好了！ (1)if only...意为“要是……就好了”，句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气。 if only...did...表示与现在情况不同。 if only...had done...表示与过去情况不同。 if only...would/could/might do表示与将来情况不同。 (2)only if意为“只要；只有”， if引导条件状语从句。only if位于句首时，主句用部分倒装。 ①The salesgirl feels upset. If only there were (be) more kind customers and fewer complaints. ②The lawyer is paid only if he wins (win)． ③If only I could get some sleep, I would be (be) able to cope. ④希望你再试一次。 If only you would try again. 固定搭配和句式 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 1．To breathe in more fresh air, you must be used to (get) up early. 解析　getting　be used to “习惯于”，在此结构中， to是介词，故填getting。 2．We have made a plan (learn) from Lei Feng. 解析　to learn　此处为动词不定式作后置定语，故填to learn。 3．A lack evidence made it difficult for him to prove his innocence. 解析　of　分析句子结构可知“A lack evidence”在句中作主语，所以应用固定结构a lack of，故填of。 4．It is a great honor for me to extend our warmest welcome to all of you from England behalf of our school.(应用文之欢迎辞) 解析　on　考查固定结构。on behalf of 为固定搭配，意为“代表”。故填on。 5．The man lost in the desert was desperate water. 解析　for　考查固定搭配。be desperate for “极渴望得到……”，故填for。 6．I was ashamed (tell) him that I had failed. 解析　to tell　考查固定结构。be ashamed to do sth “耻于做某事”。故填to tell。 7．If only I (study) harder，I would have paved the exam. 解析　had studied　if only “要是……就好了”，后面接句子用虚拟语气，故填had studied。 短语填空 give up; take up; end up; set off; stand by; deadline for; have access to; from time to time; used to; on behalf of 1．His daughters visited him from time to time when he was ill. 2．They are your best friends and I am sure they will stand by you even if you don't succeed. 3．He set off some fireworks to make himself noticed. 4．Life here is much easier than it used to be because the neighbourhood has been updated. 5．(2024·浙江首考)Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online. He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. 6．Next week is the deadline for sending in applications, so we must hurry to finish them. 7．(2023·浙江1月卷)But all of that growth will take up a lot of space，and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy，few like large solar panels to be installed near them. 8．We are very glad to put on a performance here on behalf of our school. 9．She gave up her job to look after her sick mother. 10．Students living in their own home would have access to a comfortable life and have more opportunities to communicate with their parents. 微写作 根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇 I have a niece who is outgoing and 1.is passionate about organising (酷爱组织) all kinds of activities and a nephew who has 2.a sense of humour (幽默感) but 3.lacks confidence (缺乏自信). When they came to my house 4.for the first time (第一次), they were extremely depressed that there was not a laptop in my house and barely did I 5.associate with (与……联系) others on social networking. It upset them that they 6.had no access to (不能使用) Wi­Fi before 6：00 p．m. 7.In reality (事实上), their mother was desperate to send them to my house so that they would not associate with others on the Internet. 应用文写作运用——感谢信(人际沟通与社会交往) 用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文写作再背诵。 假如你是李华，在英国做交换生时曾患病住院，寄宿家庭房东Eric给予你悉心照料，并经常辅导你功课。你现已回国，请给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：1.表示感谢；2.回顾帮助；3.邀请来中国游玩。 第一步　练单句——词句优美，吸引眼球 1．我回到了中国，您的善良一直温暖着我。因此我写信真诚地感谢您的帮助。 I've returned to China, and your kindness has always warmed me. So I'm writing to sincerely express my gratitude to you for your help． 2．我印象最深的是您在我心烦意乱时为我所做的一切。 What impressed me most was what you did for me when I was upset． 3．在生活上您关心我，您的关心缓解了我的焦虑，帮助我适应了在国外的独立生活。 In my life, you were concerned about me, which eased my anxiety and helped me adjust to living independently abroad． 4．在学习上，您耐心地辅导我，没有您的谆谆教诲，我的课程不可能顺利进行。 In my study, you patiently tutored me, without which my courses couldn't have worked out well．(虚拟语气) 5．再次表示感谢。我非常希望您能来中国体验文化与自然的完美结合。 Many thanks again. I do hope you will come to China to experience the perfect combination of culture and nature． 第二步　组语篇——文从字顺，赏心悦目(恰当运用过渡衔接词汇，如moreover, however等) One possible version： Dear Eric， I've returned to China, and your kindness has always warmed me. So I'm writing to sincerely express my gratitude to you for your help. What impressed me most was what you did for me when I was upset. In my life, you were concerned about me, which eased my anxiety and helped me adjust to living independently abroad. Moreover, in my study, you patiently tutored me, without which my courses couldn't have worked out well. Many thanks again. I do hope you will come to China to experience the perfect combination of culture and nature. Yours， Li Hua [教材续写语料] 情感描写 动作描写 环境描写 grateful adj.感激的；感谢的 upset adj.烦恼的；心烦意乱的 ashamed adj.惭愧的；羞耻的→shame n．羞耻；羞愧感 distracted adj.思想不集中的 depressed adj.情绪低落的，沮丧的 drag v．拖，拉；缓慢移动 chase v．追逐；追赶 chatter vi.唠叨，喋喋不休 chatter away 喋喋不休 bend v．弯腰 complain v．抱怨，发牢骚 flow n．流动vi.流，流动 pour v．倾倒；倒(饮料等) fuel n．燃料；刺激物 acid adj.酸(性)的 [续写语料运用] 请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，完成以下语段。然后核对答案并背诵该语段。 　　我们的地理老师正在解释为什么化石燃料会导致酸雨，这时天开始下起倾盆大雨。我很沮丧，因为我没有雨衣，并和我的同桌抱怨这场大雨。突然，老师弯下腰，拉拉我的袖子，告诉我不要喋喋不休，不要分神。既羞愧又尴尬，我站起来，脸变得通红。羞愧的泪水顺着我的脸颊流淌下来。 尽管有点沮丧，但我确实很感激他提醒我。 　　Our geography teacher was explaining 1.why fossil fuels led to acid rains when it 2.began pouring．I 3.was upset because I didn't have a raincoat and 4.complained about/of the heavy rain with my deskmate．Suddenly，the teacher 5.bent over，pulled me on the sleeve and told me 6.not to chatter away and be distracted. 7.Ashamed and embarrassed，I stood up with blood rushing to my face，8.tears of shame flowing down my cheeks．Though 9.a bit depressed，I 10.was really grateful to him for reminding me. A级　阅读提升练 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2025·山西太原阶段练习)Parents often think that their kids should be good at studies and do well in sports. That's usually the case because parents feel that could get their children admission to top colleges. However, Melissa and Mark Wimmer think differently. Their 14­year­old son, Mike, is a prodigy. He is a member of Mensa, which is the world's top IQ club. He completed his high school, associate's and bachelor's degrees all in three years. That's not all. He also ran two tech companies, and founded a third one that works towards controlling the population of lionfish, an invasive (入侵的) species. But the parents are proud that they were able to help Mike with his social skills along with his intellectual skills. Melissa told CNBC that people expected “Young Sheldon” before they met her son. Young Sheldon is a television show about a child talent who is an indoor man and lacks social skills. “But once they talk to Mike, they understand that he's just a normal 14­year­old that happens to be able to do amazing things，” said Melissa. Mark and Melissa got to know about their child's intelligence when he entered preschool. A child psychologist told them that their son would need a different course to support his fast­track development. Many parents aren't comfortable with putting their children with 18­year­olds, but Mike's parents saw the value in letting their child go through it. “I wanted him to be social and be able to deal with all the different personalities in the classrooms with older children，” said Melissa. The parents shared that they were able to do this by letting Mike find his own voice and put it to use. “We let him order food when he's 3 or 4 from the waiter or waitress and introduce himself to people. Those kinds of things are done to encourage him to engage with everyone else and be more comfortable talking to others outside of our environment，” said Melissa. Thanks to his parents, Mike has learned to get along with young and old alike. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了天才少年Mike的成长经历及其父母如何培养其社交能力的。 1．What do the underlined words“a prodigy” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．A genius. B．A common student. C．A bachelor's degree. D．A young businessman. 解析　A　词义猜测题。根据第二段“He is a member of Mensa, which is the world's top IQ club. He completed his high school, associate's and bachelor's degrees all in three years. That's not all. He also ran two tech companies, and founded a third one that works towards controlling the population of lionfish, an invasive species. (他是门萨俱乐部的成员。他在三年内完成了高中、副学士以及学士学位的学习。不仅如此，他还经营了两家科技公司，并创立了第三家公司，致力于控制入侵物种狮子鱼的数量。)”可知，虽然Mike的年龄很小，但是他提前完成学业，经营自己公司，所以“a prodigy”指的是天才。故选A。 2．What do we know about the child in the show Young Sheldon? A．He has the same characteristics with Mike. B．He is a well­rounded boy. C．He is a popular child at school. D．He has trouble in socializing. 解析　D　推理判断题。根据第三段“Young Sheldon is a television show about a child talent who is an indoor man and lacks social skills. ‘But once they talk to Mike, they understand that he's just a normal 14­year­old that happens to be able to do amazing things，’ said Melissa. (《小谢尔顿》是一部关于一个宅男型的天才儿童的电视剧，这个孩子缺乏社交技能。‘但是一旦人们与迈克交谈，他们就会明白他其实只是一个普通的14岁少年，只不过恰好能够做一些令人惊叹的事情而已，’梅丽莎说道。)”可知，电视节目《小谢尔顿》中的主角是一个宅男并且缺乏社交技巧，所以他在社交方面有困难。故选D。 3．How did Mike's parents get to know about their son's remarkable talent? A．From school teachers' comments. B．Through their son's behavior. C．From a child psychologist's advice. D．By letting him study with 18­year­olds. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据第四段“Mark and Melissa got to know about their child's intelligence when he entered preschool. A child psychologist told them that their son would need a different course to support his fast­track development. (马克和梅丽莎是在儿子进入幼儿园时了解到他的智力水平的。一位儿童心理学家告诉他们，他们的儿子需要一个特别的课程来支持他的加速发展。)”可知，Mike的父母是从儿童心理学家的建议中了解到儿子非凡才能的。故选C。 4．What did Mike's parents do to improve his social skills? A．They let him run two tech companies. B．They encouraged him to join in some clubs. C．They taught him some rules about interaction. D．They placed him in social situations at early ages. 解析　D　推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘We let him order food when he's 3 or 4 from the waiter or waitress and introduce himself to people. Those kinds of things are done to encourage him to engage with everyone else and be more comfortable talking to others outside of our environment，’ said Melissa. (‘当他三四岁的时候，我们就让他向服务员点餐，并向他人介绍自己。做这些事情是为了鼓励他与其他人互动，并且在他熟悉的环境之外也能更自在地与人交谈，’梅丽莎说道)”可知，Mike在三四岁的时候就向服务员点餐，并向他人介绍自己。所以Mike的父母通过让他在很小的时候就参与到社交情境中来提高他的社交技能。故选D。 B (2025·山东烟台模拟)Have you ever wondered about the universal layout (布局) of supermarkets? Smart designers are behind it, subtly tempting you to walk through each aisle (过道) and fill your trolley (手推车) without even realizing it. Grocery store design is a carefully crafted art from both psychological and marketing standpoints, according to Reeves Connelly, who studied architectural design at the Pratt Institute. He explained there is a specific reason why fruit and vegetables are often located at the front of the store, “You'll grab the fruits and vegetables first and then hopefully feel less guilty about buying junk food later on.” Meanwhile, essential items such as milk and eggs are placed at the back of the store to ensure customers walk through other aisles with many unhealthy options like snacks and sodas, potentially increasing the likelihood of impulse purchases. There's also a reason, why you often feel lost in local supermarkets. Shockingly, they move things around. Reeves explained, “They are very much aware that these strategies become less effective after you visit the store a few times and get a better sense of where everything is, so they'll regularly move the products to different aisles to confuse you. The practice is not limited to a specific store but is employed across various retail chains.” “Their little tricks always work on me，” one regular shopper admits, “I walk in to get three things and end up spending $300; that's why I hate grocery shopping，” he said. On the other hand, some shoppers are proud to declare they have never fallen into the trap. “That's why, I always keep a shopping list on me，” another shopper shared. “I've started having my groceries delivered. If I have to go to the store, I never grab a trolley. If I can't carry it, I'm not buying it，” he added. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了超市布局设计如何巧妙地引导顾客增加非必需品购买，揭示了背后的营销策略。 5．What is the purpose of the supermarket layout? A．To encourage healthy eating. B．To save consumers' shopping time. C．To increase non­essential purchases. D．To provide multiple goods for choice. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据第一段“Have you ever wondered about the universal layout (布局) of supermarkets? Smart designers are behind it, subtly tempting you to walk through each aisle (过道) and fill your trolley (手推车) without even realizing it.(你有没有想过超市的普遍布局？聪明的设计师在背后，巧妙地诱使你走过每一条过道，在不知不觉中装满你的手推车。)”以及第二段“Meanwhile, essential items such as milk and eggs are placed at the back of the store to ensure customers walk through other aisles with many unhealthy options like snacks and sodas, potentially increasing the likelihood of impulse purchases.(与此同时，牛奶和鸡蛋等必需品被放在商店后面，以确保顾客在其他过道上看到许多不健康的选择，如零食和苏打水，这可能会增加冲动购买的可能性。)”可知，超市布局的目的是诱使顾客走过每一条过道，增加冲动购买的可能性，促进非必需品的购买。故选C。 6．What does the underlined word “practice” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Distributing junk food in different areas. B．Putting milk and eggs at the back of aisles. C．Rearranging products in supermarkets regularly. D．Placing fruit and vegetables at the front of the store. 解析　C　词句猜测题。根据第三段“They are very much aware that these strategies become less effective after you visit the store a few times and get a better sense of where everything is, so they'll regularly move the products to different aisles to confuse you. The practice is not limited to a specific store but is employed across various retail chains.(他们非常清楚，在你逛了几次商店并更好地了解了所有东西的位置后，这些策略会变得不那么有效，所以他们会定期将产品转移到不同的过道，让你感到困惑。这种practice不限于特定的商店，而是在各种零售连锁店中使用。)”可知，画线单词指代上文提及的“regularly move the products to different aisles”，表示定期在超市重新摆放产品的做法。故选C。 7．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Shopping baskets are better than heavy trolleys. B．Most shoppers are trapped in marketing tricks. C．Grocery delivery can help improve supermarket sales. D．Taking a shopping list can be a smart move for impulse buying. 解析　D　推理判断题。根据最后一段“On the other hand, some shoppers are proud to declare they have never fallen into the trap. ‘That's why, I always keep a shopping list on me，’ another shopper shared. (另一方面，一些购物者自豪地宣称他们从未落入陷阱。另一位购物者分享道：‘这就是为什么我总是随身携带购物清单。’)”可知，列出购物清单是避免冲动购物的明智之举。故选D。 8．Where is this text most likely from? A．A book review. B．A business magazine. C．A medical paper. D．A shopping guide. 解析　B　文章出处题。根据第一段“Have you ever wondered about the universal layout (布局) of supermarkets? Smart designers are behind it, subtly tempting you to walk through each aisle (过道) and fill your trolley (手推车) without even realizing it.(你有没有想过超市的普遍布局？聪明的设计师在背后，巧妙地诱使你走过每一条过道，在不知不觉中装满你的手推车。)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了超市布局设计如何巧妙地引导顾客增加非必需品购买，揭示了背后的营销策略，推测文章最有可能来自一本商业杂志。故选B。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2025·陕西西安开学考试)One little puff (喷烟), one little sip. Come on, give it a try and be like everyone else. 1 You're not alone. Experts say kids are having to deal with pressure to drink and smoke at an earlier age. “It seems to be starting younger and younger，” says Jonathan Pochyly, a psychologist in Chicago. Kids might find themselves at a friend's house with no adults around. 2 But kids sometimes don't know how to say “No” when someone suggests something like this. 3 Pochyly recommends kids talk with their parents beforehand and come up with a code word to mean “Come pick me up, now！” Pochyly suggests “What time do I have to be home？” as a code phrase. Then Mom and Dad can get the message and pretend you need to be home at once. Using a code word might seem sneaky (偷偷摸摸的), but Pochyly says kids should feel good about avoiding a bad situation. “ 4 ” he says. Deciding not to leave a bad situation can mean big problems. Some kids might worry that they'll get in trouble if they call their parents and ask for help.Pochyly suggests talking with parents ahead of time so kids know what to expect. “Say, ‘What do you think I should do? 5 ’” he says. Pochyly also says that kids also might decide to stand up to their friends and say they don't think it's cool to smoke or drink. If your friends turn against you, “you have to question whether you want them to be your friends, anyway，” says Pochyly. A．But there are ways kids can stay out of it and still seem cool. B．You usually do as your peers say and make the people around you do so. C．How can you help me with this situation if it happens? D．Does this peer (同龄人) pressure sound familiar to you? E．If they are making a healthy choice, they should feel proud of that. F．Someone says, “Let's smoke” or “Let's have a drink”． G．Adults can protect children in this situation at any time. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章通过心理学家Jonathan Pochyly的建议，介绍了孩子们在面对同龄人压力时可以采取的措施，如与父母提前沟通、使用暗号求助以及勇敢地拒绝不良行为。文章旨在帮助孩子们在面对不良诱惑时做出正确的选择，并强调了健康选择的重要性。 1．解析　D　根据上文“Come on, give it a try and be like everyone else. (来吧，试试看，像其他人一样。)”和下文“You're not alone. Experts say kids are having to deal with pressure to drink and smoke at an earlier age. (你并不孤单。专家表示，孩子们在很小的时候就不得不面对饮酒和吸烟的压力。)”可知，不是只有你一个人面临这种压力，因此可以推断出本空是在询问读者是否对同龄人压力感到熟悉，下文对这一问题进行了回答，D选项“Does this peer (同龄人) pressure sound familiar to you? (这种同龄人压力对你来说是否熟悉？)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选D。 2．解析　F　根据上文“Kids might find themselves at a friend's house with no adults around. (孩子们可能会发现自己在朋友家，周围没有成年人。)”可知，本空应谈论没有成年人在家时孩子们的行动，F选项“Someone says, ‘Let's smoke’ or ‘Let's have a drink’ (有人说，‘我们抽烟吧’或‘我们喝一杯吧’。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。 3．解析　A　根据上文“But kids sometimes don't know how to say ‘No’ when someone suggests something like this. (但是当有人提出这样的建议时，孩子们有时不知道如何说‘不’。)”可知，本空用应对此提出应对方案，根据下文“Pochyly recommends kids talk with their parents beforehand and come up with a code word to mean ‘Come pick me up, now！’ (Pochyly建议孩子们事先和父母谈谈，想出一个暗号，意思是‘现在来接我吧！’)”可知，本空应引出不让人尴尬的解决方案，A选项“But there are ways kids can stay out of it and still seem cool. (但孩子们有办法避免这种情况，同时看起来仍然很酷。)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选A。 4．解析　E　根据上文“Using a code word might seem sneaky (偷偷摸摸的), but Pochyly says kids should feel good about avoiding a bad situation. (使用暗语可能看起来有点鬼鬼祟祟，但波基利说，孩子们应该为避免了糟糕的情况而感到高兴。)”可知，本空应为孩子们对这种选择的感受，E选项“If they are making a healthy choice, they should feel proud of that. (如果他们做出了健康的选择，他们应该为此感到自豪。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选E。 5．解析　C　根据上文“Pochyly suggests talking with parents ahead of time so kids know what to expect. (Pochyly建议提前和父母谈谈，这样孩子们就知道会发生什么。)”和“What do you think I should do? (你认为我应该怎么做？)”可知，本空继续询问父母的建议，C选项“How can you help me with this situation if it happens? (如果发生这种情况，你如何帮助我？)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选C。 Ⅲ.完形填空 (2025·四川成都开学考试)Law enforcement (执法) is a challenging career. However, it is a calling for those who 1 it. That calling often goes down through generations within 2 . Such is the case when a police department 3 the daughter of a senior officer. But keeping a secret for months was 4 while the daughter was in training so she could surprise her dad on Father's Day! In 2021, Alexandra secretly accepted a 5 with the same police department that her father 6 for. The idea was for her to complete her training without his 7 and surprise him. Police departments have a “pinning” ceremony where a new officer's badge (徽章) is pinned on them by a 8 officer. Some departments make this a formal affair, with press, guests, and a complete award 9 . Other departments keep it a low­key affair. When it came time for Alexandra's pinning, the department 10 her dad on Father's Day to do the job. He had no clue who he was pinning and was 11 to see his daughter step out of the vehicle for the ceremony. As the car door swung open, the senior officer 12 . Then he stepped back in disbelief as the new policewoman 13 the vehicle. What happened next was all “Proud PaPa”. Even though he could 14 believe what was happening, he felt proud of his daughter. His reaction and the resulting hug were worth the 15 ! [语篇解读]　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了女儿亚历山德拉秘密接受了她父亲工作过的同一个警察局的职位，为了给父亲一个惊喜，她选择保密，在最终的仪式上给了父亲一个惊喜。 1．A.declare B．share C．choose D．establish 解析　C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，对于那些选择它的人来说，这是一种召唤。A.declare宣布；B.share分享；C.choose选择；D.establish建立。根据上文“Law enforcement is a challenging career.(执法是一项具有挑战性的职业。)”以及后文“it”指代的是执法这个职业，所以是选择这项职业的人，故选C。 2．A.classes B．families C．groups D．departments 解析　B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种召唤通常会在家族中代代相传。A.classes班级；B.families家族；C.groups团队；D.departments部门。根据后文“the daughter of a senior officer”会聘用高级警官的女儿，说明这种召唤通常会在家族中代代相传。故选B。 3．A.protects B．identifies C．hires D．investigates 解析　C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：警察部门聘用高级警官的女儿就是这种情况。A.protects保护；B.identifies识别；C.hires聘用；D.investigates调查。根据后文“with the same police department”可知，女儿也在同样的部门，说明警察部门聘用高级警官的女儿。故选C。 4．A.unusual B．difficult C．intentional D．contradictory 解析　B　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，在女儿接受培训期间，要想在父亲节给爸爸一个惊喜，保守秘密几个月是很困难的！A.unusual不寻常的；B.difficult困难的；C.intentional故意的；D.contradictory矛盾的。根据上文“keeping a secret for months was”可知，女儿在训练期间，保守秘密几个月是很困难的。故选B。 5．A.position B．lecture C．change D．mission 解析　A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：2021年，亚历山德拉秘密接受了她父亲工作过的同一个警察局的职位。A.position职位；B.lecture演讲；C.change改变；D.mission任务。根据后文“with the same police department”指接受同一个部门的职位，故选A。 6．A.worked B．longed C．applied D．searched 解析　A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：2021年，亚历山德拉秘密接受了她父亲工作过的同一个警察局的职位。A.worked工作；B.longed渴望；C.applied应用；D.searched搜索。根据上文“with the same police department that her father”可知，这个部门她的父亲也工作过。故选A。 7．A.permission B．assistance C．presence D．knowledge 解析　D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个想法是让她在他不知情的情况下完成训练，让他大吃一惊。A.permission许可；B.assistance帮助；C.presence出席；D.knowledge知道，知识。根据后文“and surprise him”可知，女儿想在父亲不知道的情况下给他一个惊喜。故选D。 8．A.brave B．senior C．strict D．disciplined 解析　B　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：警察局有一个“别针”仪式，新警官的徽章由一名高级警官别在他们身上。A.brave勇敢的；B.senior高级的；C.strict严格的；D.disciplined训练有素的。呼应上文“the daughter of a senior officer”指新警官的徽章由一名高级警官别在他们身上。故选B。 9．A.training B．document C．exhibition D．ceremony 解析　D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：有些部门把授予仪式搞得很正式，有媒体、嘉宾，还有一个完整的授予仪式。A.training训练；B.document文件；C.exhibition展览；D.ceremony仪式。呼应上文“Police departments have a ‘pinning’ ceremony”指上文提到的“别针”仪式。故选D。 10．A.awarded B．employed C．assigned D．congratulated 解析　C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：到了给亚历山德拉别针的时候，系里派她爸爸在父亲节那天来做这项工作。A.awarded奖励；B.employed雇佣；C.assigned分配；D.congratulated祝贺。根据后文“her dad on Father's Day to do the job”指派她爸爸在父亲节那天来做这项工作。故选C。 11．A.delighted B．willing C．shocked D．desperate 解析　C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他不知道自己要别上别针的是谁，当他看到女儿从车里出来参加仪式时，他感到很震惊。A.delighted高兴的；B.willing愿意的；C.shocked震惊的；D.desperate绝望的。根据上文“surprise him”可知，父亲事先不知道，所以是震惊的。故选C。 12．A.looked out B．slipped in C．walked away D．stepped forward 解析　D　考查动词短语辨析。句意：车门打开时，高级军官走上前来。A.looked out小心；B.slipped in悄悄进入；C.walked away走开；D.stepped forward走出。根据上文“see his daughter step out of the vehicle”以及后文“he stepped back in disbelief”可知，女儿从车里出来，高级军官要上前别别针。故选D。 13．A.exited B．drove C．checked D．fueled 解析　A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：当新来的女警察从车里出来时，他难以置信地往后退了一步。A.exited退出，出来；B.drove驾驶；C.checked检查；D.fueled加燃料。根据上文“see his daughter step out of the vehicle”指新来的女警察是他的女儿，他看到震惊地后退。故选A。 14．A.barely B．peacefully C．obviously D．eventually 解析　A　考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管他几乎不能相信发生了什么，他还是为他的女儿感到骄傲。A.barely几乎不；B.peacefully和平地；C.obviously显然；D.eventually最后。根据上文“he stepped back in disbelief”可知，父亲几乎不能相信发生了什么，故选A。 15．A.price B．wait C．risk D．trouble 解析　B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的反应和拥抱是值得等待的！A.price价格；B.wait等待；C.risk风险；D.trouble麻烦。根据上文“keeping a secret for months”可知，这个秘密保守了好几个月，最后父亲的反应和拥抱表明是值得等待的。故选B。 B级　写作规范练 Ⅰ.语法填空 (2025·四川广安开学考试)What do the Summer Palace, Yuanmingyuan and the Chengde Mountain Resort all have in common? All these Qing­dynasty architectural marvels, along with many others, 1. (build) by members of the same family—the Lei family. For seven generations, the Lei family quietly dominated imperial architecture. Their designs were admirable, 2. (vary) from grand buildings to public works, such as roads and dams. So incredible was their skill 3. many of their buildings survived earthquakes and remained standing over hundreds of years. The Lei family 4. (be) also pioneering engineers, who used a grid system to plan their projects 5. minute detail. They took careful notes and made models of their projects, the majority of 6. have survived to this day and are registered as part of UNESCO's Memory of the World Programme. In addition to their architectural achievements, the Lei family showed diligence and humility. Each generation conscientiously learnt their craft and undertook 7. (ambition) projects, and they took years to complete. Yet they did not seek fame, and even today, their great works are associated more 8. the imperial court than with them. With their 9. (remark) skills, innovation, diligence and humility, the Lei family leave behind their buildings and the legacy that true craftwork is 10. treasure that can last beyond a lifetime. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了清代雷氏家族建筑传承七代的成就以及他们对皇家建筑风格的影响。 1．解析　were built　考查动词时态和语态。句意：所有这些清代的建筑奇迹，以及许多其他的，都是由同一个家族——雷氏家族的成员建造的。主语All these Qing­dynasty architectural marvels是复数，与空处是逻辑上的动宾关系，且讲述的是过去的事情用一般过去时，故填were built。 2．解析　varying　考查现在分词。句意：他们的设计令人钦佩，从宏伟的建筑到公共工程，如道路和水坝。vary与前文名词designs之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填varying。 3．解析　that　考查结果状语从句的引导词。句意：他们的技术是如此令人难以置信，以至于他们的许多建筑在地震中幸存下来，并且屹立了数百年。so...that...是固定句型，意为“如此…… 以至于……”，此处为结果状语从句，故填that。 4．解析　were/are　考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：雷氏家族也是工程师的先驱，他们使用网格系统来详细规划他们的项目。根据句意，陈述过去的事实，应用一般过去时，或此句表示客观事实，可用一般现在时，主语是复数，故填were/are。 5．解析　in　考查介词。句意：雷氏家族也是工程师的先驱，他们使用网格系统来详细规划他们的项目。in minute detail是固定搭配，意为“详细地”，故填in。 6．解析　which　考查定语从句。句意：他们仔细地做笔记，制作项目模型，其中大多数保存至今，并作为联合国教科文组织世界记忆项目的一部分被注册。此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词projects，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词which，故填which。 7．解析　ambitious　考查形容词。句意：每一代人都认真学习他们的手艺，并承担雄心勃勃的项目，他们花了数年时间才完成。修饰名词projects，应用形容词ambitious，故填ambitious。 8．解析　with　考查介词。句意：然而他们并不追求名声，即使在今天，他们的伟大作品更多地与朝廷联系在一起，而非与他们本人联系在一起。固定搭配be associated with，意为“与……相关”，故填with。 9．解析　remarkable　考查形容词。句意：凭借非凡的技能、创新、勤奋和谦逊，雷氏家族留下了他们的建筑和遗产，即真正的手工艺是可以持续一生的宝藏。修饰名词skills，应用形容词remarkable，故填remarkable。 10．解析　a　考查冠词。句意：凭借非凡的技能、创新、勤奋和谦逊，雷氏家族留下了他们的建筑和遗产，即真正的手工艺是可以持续一生的宝藏。此处表示泛指“一生的宝藏”，treasure是以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a，故填a。 Ⅱ.应用文写作 (2025·甘肃白银阶段练习)假定你是李华，你在暑假期间和家人一起去旅游。请你给英国笔友Bruce写一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1．你的旅游经历；2.你的感想。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Dear Bruce， Yours， Li Hua One possible version： Dear Bruce， I am writing to share my travel experience during the summer vacation with you. It was a delightful journey with my family to the ancient city of Xi'an. We explored the Terracotta warriors, which was an astonishing sight, and tasted the local delicacies that were simply mouth­watering. Another highlight was the Xi'an City Wall, where we marveled at its grandeur and felt the historical significance it carries. The trip was not just about the places we visited but the bond it strengthened among us. It was a blend of adventure, culture, and family time that I will cherish forever. I hope to hear about your summer adventures too! Yours， Li Hua Ⅲ.读后续写 (2025·山东济南联考)Rhiannon Menn launched a movement to deliver lasagna (千层面) and love to struggling neighbors. Rhiannon Menn is the founder of Lasagna Love, a global nonprofit that connects neighbors through homemade meal delivery. In March 2022, she and her husband owned a design and building company, but their projects were put on hold. Rhiannon felt helpless and wondered what she could do to be useful. It didn't take her long to decide. “Cooking is my happy place，” she says，She ordered groceries online and got to work. She and her daughter, Cimorene, then three, made extra pans of lasagna, and Rhiannon posted in a local moms' group on social media, offering to drop off a free home­cooked meal to anyone who wanted one. Some people requested a meal, Even more wanted to help Rhiannon feed those who were struggling. Rhiannon created a spreadsheet for each volunteer, matching them with families who'd requested a meal. Word of what she was doing spread quickly on social media. Someone offered to create an online portal (门户网站) to manage the volunteers and meal requests. This automated system freed Rhiannon to do what she really loves: Cook and reach people in need. Volunteer chefs log in to the portal and input how many meals they'd like to deliver that week. The system matches them with nearby families requesting a meal, and the volunteer texts the family to set up a delivery time. The organization is called Lasagna Love, but volunteers can deliver any home­cooked meal they'd like. Rhiannon's recipe is her own homemade lasagna, making it healthier with grated zucchini and yellow squash. “I've shared my recipe, but volunteers are welcome to use their own recipes for any dishes they'd like to make，” she says. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 As years passed. Lasagna Love's reach expanded beyond Rhiannon's hometown, across the nation and even internationally. When interviewed by the local journalist, Rhiannon Menn smiled with pride. One possible version： As years passed. Lasagna Love's reach expanded beyond Rhiannon's hometown, across the nation and even internationally. Volunteers in cities from New York to Tokyo embraced the mission, who have delivered more than 150，000 meals to families in their communities. The simple act of sharing a meal transformed into a global movement, uniting strangers in a common goal of compassion and support. Rhiannon, humbled by the response, continued to lead by example, cooking alongside her growing team and inspiring countless others to spread love through their own kitchens. And many media would like to report it, including a local journalist. When interviewed by the local journalist, Rhiannon Menn smiled with pride. She shared how just last week, a volunteer chef in Tokyo had delivered a lasagna to an elderly couple who had been isolated for months. The couple was so touched by the gesture that they decided to join the movement, baking traditional Japanese dishes to share with their neighbors. Rhiannon felt a deep sense of fulfillment, knowing that her simple act of cooking had blossomed into a global chain of compassion and community support. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$