课时作业8 UNIT 8 Lesson2&Lesson3-Comprehending-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册（北师大版2024）

课时作业（八）UNT8 答案解析P1s Period Three Lesson2&Lesson3一Comprehending(限时：4o分钟) I.阅读 Kangaroo rats 见 These pocket-size animals in the US Midwest Thorny devils,rattlesnakes,kangaroo rats and plains never drink water.They spend 75 percent of more have developed smart ways for surviving in their time in underground holes to avoid the heat in water-scarce(缺水的)environments. the desert.They survive on a diet of dry grass seeds, Thorny devils which they first bury underground.Because the underground In Australian deserts live some animals known soil is wetter than the surface soil,stored seeds may as thorny devils.These animals specialize in eating absorb as much as 30 percent more water than ones ants,which are also where they get their water. above ground.So when the rats eat their seeds,they But when ants are scarce,or conditions are even get both food and water. drier than normal,they have a backup.All they have 1.Where do Namib desert beetles live? to do is to kick the sand up onto their backs and let A.In Australian deserts. the network of tiny canals()on their skins to B.In the US Midwest plains. catch small amounts of water and guide the liquid C.In southwestern Africa. directly to their mouth. D.In Canada's Rocky Mountains. Namib desert beetles 2.What is unique about kangaroo rats? An ocean away in southwestern Africa,the A.They drink underground water. Namib desert beetles pull off a similar trick.They B.They bury their backs to get water. use their backs as a cooler to catch water trapped in C.They don't need water to survive. the morning fog.As the droplets grow in size,they D.They just use their food to gather water. run down the insects'backs toward their mouths. 3.Which may have a better chance of surviving in Desert rattlesnakes food-scarce environments? Desert rattlesnakes of the western US are able A.Thorny devils. to live on just one hearty meal a year.But without a B.Desert rattlesnakes. drink of water now and then,the snakes would dry C.Kangaroo rats. up and breathe their last in a few days. D.Namib desert beetles. So how do they survive way up in the Rocky B Mountains,where water is scarce?Easy.They turn Earl Forlales,a graduate in Materials Science their bodies into bowls in the evening to collect the and Engineering,took inspiration from the bamboo dew().With their cold bodies flattened into a hut his grandparents lived in outside Manila and bowl,the dew gathers on their skin. created a house made of bamboo that can be put ·139· together in four hours to solve the chronic(长期的) 5.Which word can best replace the underlined word shortage of affordable accommodation in the Philippines. “tackling”in Paragraph3? His design won a f50,000 top prize from the Royal A.Facing. B.Treating. Institute of Chartered Surveyors (RICS)in its Cities C.Covering. D.Handling for our Future competition. 6.What can we infer about the Cubo house? His house,known as Cubo,could be produced A.It is created by Forlales and his parents. in a week,constructed in four hours and costs f60 B.It is environmentally friendly and economical. per square meter.Its use of bamboo-which releases C.It has already been built in Forlales'hometown. 35%more oxygen into the environment than trees- D.It can be constructed in a week was praised by the judges.The ability of the houses 7.Which of the following can be a suitable title? to be constructed in any bamboo-producing area was A.A Competition in House Building one of the key attractions. B.A Man Devoted to City Development "The world's cities are growing all the time and C.The Bamboo House Winning a Top Prize there is a real need to make sure they are safe,clean D.The Way to Solve Housing Shortage and comfortable places to live in,"John Hughes,the Ⅱ.完形填空 competition's head judge and then president at RICS, Boundaries are everywhere.Some are for security. said."As we look at our competitors,who are our next Some are for privacy.But some are just for us to 1. generation of leaders,I believe that real progress One day,after supper,I took a walk on the will be made in tackling the world's biggest issues. 2.Taotao,my 5-year-old son,was bouncing Forlales has already identified a suitable area of excitedly behind me.He 3 a thin stick and acted land to start building his Cubo houses.He plans to as the Monkey King all the time.The sidewalk was begin the work next year with experts from the RICS paved by red bricks,4 sharply with the pitch( in an attempt to help relieve the huge pressure on 青)-paved bikeway and formed a clear_5_.“Use housing in Manila,where a third of the 12 million the sidewalk.It's safe",I 6 my son frequently. population live in poor districts.He said,"I would Suddenly a maple leaf was blown off and 7 like to thank RICS for the opportunity,and look quietly on the bikeway,about two steps away. forward to working with them to put this money to Taotao was totally 8.He stopped,bent down good use in Manila and then hopefully elsewhere and tried to fetch it but failed.He 9 his stick, around the world. tried hard again but still failed.A bit 10,he 4.What contributes most to Forlales'winning the prize? stood up and moved one step forward,but not A.The material of his house. beyond the boundary.After several more attempts B.The shape of his house. with the stick,the leaf was still not moving to him.I C.The design of his house. was right beside him,worried a lot about his further D.The expense of his house. 11 ·140· Finally,he stood up,threw away the stick 12 13.A.bitter B.embarrassing stepped across the boundary and picked up the leaf C.sweet D.particular directly.Yeah!I saw a 13 smile on his face! 14.A.start B.restrict Many times we 14 our thinking within a C.examine D.operate boundary and can't find a good solution;many times 15.A.facilities B.materials we hold existing 15 at hand,never thinking C.weapons D.tools about whether they are still useful.We are not lacking in Ⅲ，语法填空 knowledge but short of knowing how to break the Farmland is taking much of the planet.A new thinking boundaries. global map 1. (collect)from a satellite 1.A.skip B.adjust shows that the fields of corn,rice and other crops C.break D.expand 2 (eat)up more than 1 million additional 2.A.driveway B.crosswalk square kilometers of land in the past two decades. C.bikeway D.sidewalk "The rough march of the human footprint is 3.A.swung B.hid rather 3. (violence),"says researcher C.rolled D.broke Matt Hansen.The food needs of a fast-growing 4.A.contrasting B.joining population in Africa are driving the expansion.But C.comparing D.connecting the study also highlights how Earth's land is becoming 5.A.ink B.boundary global farm,with wealthier countries C.figure D.pattern outsourcing crop production to poorer 5. 6.A.threatened B.reminded (region).New fields have replaced forests and other C.inspired D.urged natural ecosystems that stored large amounts of 7.A.laid B.put carbon,6. (threaten)the efforts to conserve C.sank D.landed biodiversity and stop climate change. 8.A.excited B.absorbed However,the study does tell some hopeful C.controlled D.trapped trends.Over the study period,the total quantity of 9.A.threw away B.picked up plants increased by 25%.The study also highlights C.reached out D.sent off the need to improve cropland productivity in Africa, 10.A.annoyed B.satisfied 7. has the world's lowest crop output, C.delighted D.concerned meaning that more land 8. (need)to 11.A.progress B.vision grow a given amount of food."If the world wants to solve C.observation D.findings climate change,"Hansen says,"from a 9. 12.A.repeatedly B.heavily (pure)self-interested viewpoint,it needs to support C.accidentally D.carefully Africa 10. solving its land use challenge." ·141·课时作业（七） 9.B“plogging”"这个单词来自plogga,这是一个由两个瑞典单 词（一个意味着检起，一个意味着慢跑）结合(combination)在 层级一语用巩固 一起形成的。collection收集；connection连接；comparison I.单句语法填空 比较。 1.her 2.What 3.that 4.took/should take 5.solving 10.A根据第11空后他开始召集朋友们在外出跑步时清 6.global 7.to look 8.industrial 9.for 10.shoots 理附近垃圾可知，这项活动是由Erik Ahlstrom发起 Ⅱ.选词填空 (launch)的。 1.take action 2.In addition to 3.inspired me to 11.D根据语境和下文可知，此处指他对街上垃圾的数量 4.be bothered to 5.make a difference 6.be known as 感到震惊(amazed)。mad疯狂的；hopeless无望的；amused 7.is committed to 8.all around the world 逗乐的。 Ⅲ.单句写作 12.C根据动词publicize(宣传)可知，此处应填积极色彩的 1.can't be bothered to say hello 词，故此处指向人们宜传这个活动的好处(benefit)。 2.While they are my neighbors 3.keep his balance 13.D句意：在美国，社交媒体和跑步团体正在鼓励(inspire) 4.play an important part in 5.live a happier life 人们走出去并且参与检垃圾的活动。 Ⅳ，课文语法填空 14.A根据下文to make it fun可知，此处应表相反意义，故 1.running 2.teeth 3.to pick 4.to 5.an 此处指如果你每天都去到外面并且只是检垃圾，这真的 6.to educate 7.that 8.better 9.acting 10.exciting 是太令人沮丧了(depressing)。 层级二素养提升 15.C句意：但是她想出了如何通过与朋友们一起慢跑和 V.阅读七选五 增加锻炼(exercise)来获得乐趣，每找到一个小玻璃瓶就 语篇 主题语境：人与自然/环境保护。本文为说明 增加一个俯卧撑。 文，讲述了大气污染的危害、形成原因以及应对它 导读 课时作业（八） 的一些方法。 1.E并列关系。根据下一句可知，此句也是指出大气污染 I.阅读 A 的一些危害，故选E项。 2.A转折关系。上一句指出的都是由于人类的一些活动 语篇 主题语境：人与自然/自然生态。本文为说明 而导致的大气污染，下一句都是自然灾害引起的大气污 导读 文，介绍了棘蜥、响尾蛇等动物如何以独特的方式 染，所以此处表转折，指出不是所有的大气污染都是人类 在缺水环境中存活。 造成的，故选A项。 l.C细节理解题。根据Namib desert beetles部分中的第一 3.D解释关系。首句提出，我们所知道的有两种臭氧，此 句可知，这种甲虫生活在非洲西南部，故选C项。 句和下一句都是对这两种臭氧的进一步解释，故选D项。 2.D细节理解题。根据Kangaroo rats部分中的第一句和 4.C总分关系。本段后面的内容都是围绕空气是可以被 They survive on a diet of dry grass seeds可知，更格卢鼠 净化的这一说法而展开的，故选C项。 独特的一点在于它们不喝水，只靠食物获取水分，故选D项。 5.F解释关系。前两句提出，最近针对雾霾已经出了很多 3.B推理判断题。根据Desert rattlesnakes部分中的第一 措施，工厂用的煤含有很少的有害物质，汽车也变得更清洁 句可知，响尾蛇对食物的依赖度是最低的，更适合在食物 了，甚至在雾箱天，一些城市都不允许汽车出行，故选F项。 短缺的环境下生存，故选B项。 M.完形填空 B 语篇 主题语境：人与自然/环境保护，本文为记叙 主题语境：人与自然/人与环境。本文为记叙 导读 文，介绍了一种一边慢跑一边检垃级的活动 语篇 文，讲述了Earl Forlales从祖父母住在马尼拉郊外 pg。在享受乐趣的同时，也为保护环境尽一份力。 导读 的竹屋中获得灵感，用竹子建造的房子Cubo获得 1.C根据常识，早上的时候天会逐渐变亮(lighten)。 了5万英镑最高奖。 2.B没有多睡几分钟，故此处指而是(instead)做了另一件 4,A细节理解题。根据第一段和第二段第二句可知，房子 事情替代。thus因此；nevertheless然而；otherwise否则. 的材料是Forlales获奖的主要原因，故选A项。 3.D根据第4空后面的a litter grabber(垃圾夹具)可知， 5.D词句猜测题。根据画线词前后内容可推知，此处指 Murzycki是去街上寻找(hunt for)垃圾、捡垃圾。pay for “处理”世界上最大的问题。所以画线词意为“处理，解 为…支付；fight for为…战斗；account for是…的 决”，故选D项。 原因。 6.B推理判断题。根据第二段可知，Cubo房屋既环保又经 4.B句意：必要的工具(necessities)是一个垃圾夹具和一个 济，故选B项。 可重复利用的购物袋。sample样品；possession拥有物； 7.C标题归纳题。本文讲述的是由竹子建造的房子Cubo type类型。 获得了5万英镑最高奖。The Bamboo House Winning a 5.C根据下文可知，购物袋的作用是用来回收(recycle)可 Top Prize(竹屋赢得了最高奖)为最佳标题，故选C项。 利用的垃圾的。sort分类：release释放；donate捐赠。 Ⅱ.完形填空 6.D根据上下文可知，慢跑不仅仅是跑步，检垃圾也是目 标之一。appropriately合适地；voluntarily自愿地； 主题语境：人与自我/生活与学习。本文为记 frequently频繁地：purposefully有目的地，故选D项。 语篇 叙文，主要通过讲述作者的儿子在人行道上检树叶 7.A句意：跑步过程中不断回收垃圾，那么包就会装满，所 导读 的故事来说明“我们不缺知识，缺的是懂得如何打 以她经常需要在20分钟的行程中途，停下来清空(empty) 破思维的界限”。 她的包。drop丢掉；pack打包；search搜索。 l,C根据最后一段的short of knowing how to break the 8.A根据下句可知，街上又出现的垃圾并没有给她带来阻 thinking boundaries可知，此处是说“有的界限是我们要 力(prevent)而是动力。 打破(break)的”。 ·195· 2.D根据下文的Use the sidewalk可知，作者认为人行道 在句中引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的Africa,从句 是安全的，因此是在人行道(sidewalk)上散步。 中缺少主语，先行词表示物，故用which引导。 3.A根据下文的acted as the Monkey King可知，儿子挥舞 8.is needed考查时态、语态和主谓一致。空处在that引导 着(swing)一根细棍，一直扮演着美猴王的角色。 的宾语从句中作谓语，主语more land与动词need之间为 4.A根据red bricks和the pitch-paved可知，红砖铺成的人 逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态：结合句意及其他谓语 行道与沥青铺成的自行车道形成了鲜明的对比，清晰的边 动词时态可知，此处是在陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时 界(boundary)。 的被动语态；主语land为不可数名词，故填is needed. 5.B参见上题解析。 9.purely考查词性转换。句意：从纯粹的自我利益的角度 6.B根据Use the sidewalk.It's safe可知，此处是作者对儿 来看，它需要支持非洲解决其土地使用的挑战。空处在句 子的提醒(remind)。 中作状语修饰后面的形容词，应用副词形式pur©ly,表示 7.D根据leaf was blown off和on the bike可知，枫叶是静 “纯粹地、完全地”。 静地落在(land)两步远的自行车道上。 10.in/by考查介词。support sb/sth in/by doing sth支持… 8.B根据下文可知，他全神贯注地(absorbed).看着枫叶。 做某事，为固定搭配。 9.C根据his stick可知，此处指他伸出(reach out)细棍，又 课时作业（九） 试了一次，但还是失败了。 10.A根据上文的still failed可知，他又一次失败了，因此 层级一语用巩固 会感到生气(annoyed)。 I,单句语法填空 ll.A根据his further可知，作者非常担心他的进一步进 1.to book 2.out 3.was cheated 4.disappeared 展(progress)。 5.to save 6.addressed 7.to 8.up 9.is overcome 12.B根据上文的Abit10可知，他生气了，所以重重 10.founder 地(heavily)扔掉棍子，跨过边界，直接捡起了那片叶子。 Ⅱ.选词填空 l3.C根据picked up the leaf可知，作者的儿子检起了枫 1.stand for 2.came up with 3.make my dream come true 叶，因此会觉得高兴，自然会露出甜美的(sweet)微笑。 4.Thanks to 5.working through 6.brought;to an end l4.B根据下文的within a boundary可知，此处指很多时 Ⅲ，单句写作 候，我们把自己的思维限制在(restrict)一个边界内，找不 1.It didn't occur to her 到一个好的解决方案；很多时候，我们手里握着现有的工 2.have come up with suggestions 具(t00l),却从不考虑它们是否仍然有用. 3.did two part-time jobs so/in order that 15.D参见上题解析。 4.To/In order to finish my work Ⅲ，语法填空 5.The manager handed in W,课文语法填空 主题语境：人与自然/人类生存、社会发展与环 1.convenience 2.with/among 3.were allowed 语篇 境的关系。本文为说明文，主要说明农业耕作占用 4.painting 5.thieves 6.returned 7.who/that 8.its 导读 过多土地资源对气候变化造成影响及土地资源利 9.global 10.to save 用率低等问题。 层级二 素养提升 1.collected考查非谓语动词。句意：一颗卫星收集的一份 V,阅读 新的全球地图显示，在过去20年里，玉米、水稻和其他作 A 物的田地已经额外吞噬了100多万平方公里的土地。句 语篇 主题语境：人与自然/宇宙探索。本文为应用 中已有谓语动词shows,且和空处之间无连词，空处只能 导读 填非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语A new global map与动词 文，介绍了四个天文学应用程序。 collect之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。 1.B推理判断题。根据文章首句可推知，这些应用程序主 2.have eaten考查时态和主谓一致。空处在从句中作谓 要是为业余天文学家设计的，故选B项。 语，主语the fields of corn,rice and other crops与动词eat 2.C细节理解题。根据Nightshift Stargazing部分首句以 之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，根据时间状语in the past two 及其他三个应用程序的段末句可知，Nightshift Stargazing decades可知，此处用现在完成时；主语为复数形式，故填 是完全免费的，故选C项。 have eaten. 3.C细节理解题。根据最后一段第三、四句可知，Heavens- 3.violent考查词性转换。空处在句中作表语，且由副词 Above有助于确定天体的准确位置，故选C项。 rather修饰，应用形容词violent,表示“暴力的” B 4.考查冠词。此处泛指“一个全球农场”，应用不定冠词， 主题语境：人与自我/积极的生活态度。本文 global的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。 语篇 为夹叙夹议文。骨癌幸存者Arceneaux第一次参 5.regions考查名词的数。空处位于形容词poorer后，应 导读 加私人环绕地球飞行，她认为这能给患有癌症的孩 用名词：结合前面的countries可知，此处与其对应，也应 子们带来希望。 用名词复数形式。 4.A 细节理解题。根据第一段第三、四句可知，St.Jude提 6.threatening考查非谓语动词。句意：新的农田取代了储 供了一个在太空旅行的机会，故选A项。 存大量碳的森林和其他自然生态系统，威胁者保护生物多 5.D推理判断题。根据第三段第一、二句可知，Arceneaux 样性和阻止气候变化的努力。句中已有谓语，空处填非谓 接到电话时感到很激动，故选D项。 语动词形式；结合句意可知，整个非谓语动词短语作结果 6.B细节理解题。根据第五段最后两句可知，Arceneaux 状语，故用现在分词。 觉得这次旅行会鼓励患癌症的孩子，故选B项。 7.which考查引导词。句意：这项研究还强调了提高非洲 7.A推理判断题。根据第四段可知，Arceneaux是一个有 农田生产力的必要性，非洲的作物产量是世界上最低的， 冒险精神的人；根据第五段最后两句可知，Arceneaux是 这意味着需要更多的土地来种植指定数量的粮食。空处 一个关心他人的人，故选A项（有冒险精神和关心他人）。 ·196·