Unit4 Grammar课件 2024-2025学年牛津译林版八年级英语下册

撞在岩石上 尽某人可能游远 到…的时候 筋疲力尽 跌倒在海滩上 睡着 被捆在地上 向上移动 向下看 和…一样大小 crash against the rocks swim as far as sb. can by the time be tired out fall down on the beach go to sleep be tied to the ground move up look down the same size as… Useful phrases Useful phrases 爬满我全身 对…大喊 摔倒 继续在我身上移动 开始跟我交谈 不知道说什么 空出一只手 设法弄断绳索 把我的左手举到空中 climb all over me shout at fall over continue moving across my body begin talking to me don’t know what to say pull one hand free manage to break the ropes lift my left hand into the air 一大群小人 直接向某人走来 从…逃出 逃脱 用绳子将东西捆在一起 发现他自己无法动弹 a huge army of tiny people come straight towards sb run away from… get away hold things together with ropes find himself unable to move Useful phrases Unit 4 A good read Grammar Learning objectives: 1. 疑问词+动词不定式 2. must/have to 的用法 Gulliver was tied to . He didn’t know what to . He didn’t know how to . We can use a question word with a to-infinitive after a verb. the ground say get away Millie has decided_____________. (该读什么) Daniel did not say _____________about this book. (该和谁交谈) Simon forgot ______________his friends. (该什么时候见) Kitty cannot decide ________________ first. (该选哪一个) Sandy is wondering _______________for help. (该去哪求助) Amy does not know ______________the report. (该如何写) what to read who to talk to when to meet which to choose where to ask how to write verb + question word + to-infinitive Presentation All question words can be used in this way, except why. 所有的疑问词中，只有why不可以与动词不定式连用。 Suzy will explain why to recommend this book. Suzy will explain why she recommend this book. Presentation 我们可以用“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构作动词的宾语。 疑问词包括疑问代词who, what, which及疑问副词when, how, where等。 常和“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构连用的动词和动词短语有：tell, show, think, learn, know, wonder, decide, remember, forget, understand, see, hear, ask, advise, explain, find out等。 Presentation Mr Wu advised us which to choose as after-school activities. The students asked their teacher when to hand in their work. Millie showed us what to do next. Daniel taught himself how to use a computer to draw. Don’t forget to tell your mum where to meet you. Presentation verb+object+question word+to-infinitive 有些动词，如advise，ask、show、teach、tell等，其后可以跟双宾语。 Presentation verb+question word+noun+to-infinitive 有些疑问词，如what、which、whose、how many、how much等，其后可以先接一个名词，再接动词不定式。 She wondered how many subjects to choose. They are discussing ___________________(涂哪种颜色) the walls. You can ask your parents ______________________(带多少钱) with you. which colour to paint how much money to take Presentation Suzy was not sure who to ask for help. Are you clear when to meet at the gate tomorrow? adjective + question word + to-infinitive 在“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构前，有时也可以是如sure、clear等的形容词。 我不确定走哪条路。 I’m not sure which way to take. 1. “疑问词+动词不定式” 结构在句子中还可以做主语和表语。 The problem is when to leave the place. Extension 如何处理这个问题对我们来说是最重要的。 How to deal with the problem is the most important to us. 问题是何时离开这个地方。 什么时候开会是个问题。 When to have the meeting is a question. The question is what to do next. 问题是下一步做什么。 2. “疑问词+动词不定式”结构可以改写成由该疑问词引导的从句。 I don’t know what to do. Extension 我不知道该做什么。 = I do not know what I should do. Can you tell me how to get there? = Can you tell me how I can get there? 1) The old lady found out where she could buy fruit. The old lady found out _____ _____ ______ fruit. 2) Will you show us how we can make a model plane? Will you show us _____ ___ _____ a model plane? 3) She hasn’t told me what I should do and what I should not do. She hasn’t told me _____ _____ ______ and what ____ _____ _____. 4) Have you decided which dress you will take? Have you decided _______ dress ___ ______ ? where to buy how to make what to do not to do which to take About Reading Week Amy and Daniel are talking about their Reading Week. Complete their conversation. Use the correct question words and to-infinitives. which to read where to find how to travel when to hand in what to write about who to ask for wh- + to do 疑问代词 who, whom, whose, what, which 疑问副词 when, where, how, why what to say/do whom/who to talk to which (book) to buy whose advice to listen to how to say it/do it when to have the meeting where to meet (them) when to get up where to go 1. 他想知道明天在哪会见他的朋友。 2. 昨天她问我们何时完成工作。 3. 我们正在商量去参观哪个地方。 4. 我不确定明天怎么去上学。 5. 她不能决定买哪条裙子。 Practice He wonders where to meet his friends tomorrow. She asked us when to finish the work yesterday. We are discussing which place to visit. I’m not sure how to go to school tomorrow. She can’t decide which skirt to buy. 带疑问词的动词不定式: “wh+to do” 动词 + 宾语 + 疑问词+ to do 动词 +疑问词 + to do 形容词 + 疑问词 + to do decide,learn, say, know, think, wonder, forget,remember, discuss,understand, find out... sure, clear, certain, ... advise, ask, show, teach, tell... Pay attention(注意): after “what, which, whose, how many, how much”, we can use a noun. Conclusion 1. What school rules do we have? What must we do? What mustn’t we do? We use must when the speaker feels that something is necessary.当说话者觉得做某事是必要的，我们用must。 Presentation We must wear school uniforms. We must get to school on time. We must keep quiet in the library. We mustn’t throw rubbish everywhere. We mustn’t pick flowers in the garden. I will have to ask for leave and stay at home. I don’t have to go to school. 2.If you are ill and the doctor asks you to stay at home, what will you have to do? We use have to when the situation makes something necessary. 当客观条件使某事有必要时，用have to。 Everyone must keep the law.（有义务）人人必须守法。 The last bus has gone.We’ll have to walk home.（无车可坐） 最后一班公交已经开走了，我们将不得不回家。 ① 意思上： Presentation must 表说话者认为有义务和有必要去做某事，侧重说话人的主观看法，“必须，得，要” have to 表一种客观的需要，强调客观条件作用的结果，“不得不”，有被迫之意， She has to show her student card at the gate when she leaves school. 她离开学校时，必须在大门口出示她的学生证。 She had to pay a fine. 她不得不交罚款。 ②时态: Presentation must have to 无人称和数的变化，无时态变化。 有人称和数的变化，有时态变化。 must 的否定形式must not表示禁止，“不能，不行”。 have to 的否定形式 do not have to，不需要, 相当于need not。 e.g. You must not tell him about it. 你一定不能告诉他这件事。（可能是秘密） You don’t have to tell him about it 你不必告诉他这件事。（他可能已经知道了） ③否定形式 Presentation Presentation ④一般疑问句及回答 --Must you go now? --Yes, I must. (是的)/--No, I needn’t. (不，不必) must have to --Do you have to look after your sister? --Yes, I do. (是的，我得照看) --No, I don’t.(不，我不必照看。) --Does Jim have to do his homework? 3. must 还可以表示肯定猜测，意思是“一定”。 否定的猜测是can’t。 e.g. He must be ill, he looks so pale. That can’t be Lucy. She has gone to American. George must be sleeping now. You must have read this book, you konw the story very well. Presentation （对现在情况的推测） （对正在发生的情况的推测） （对过去情况的推测） Library rules Amy is telling her cousin Shirley some library rules. Complete what she says with must, must not, have to or do not have to. must must mustn’t mustn’t must have to do not have to on time 准时 正好约定时间内发生，不早也不晚 in time 及时 在约定时间内或者提前 Lavf59.14.100 $$