专题02 动词时态语态（二）被动语态-2025年中考英语【命题趋向+考点探究+素养提升】专练（江苏专用）

专题02 动词的时态语态(二) 动词被动语态 目录 第一部分：命题趋向（思维导图+中考命题趋向分析+重点掌握） 第二部分：考点探究（知识点罗列+3年真题演练） 第三部分：素养提升（单项选择+ 用动词的适当形式填空+完成句子） 1. 思维导图 2. 趋向分析 在2025年的中考中，这一部分内容的命题趋势可能会侧重考查题目被动语态的区分以及与各种时态的结合考察，同时也会涉及到语态的特殊用法。 一.一般现在时的被动语态 (主语+am/are/is +done) The desks are made in Bolo. (肯定) →The desks aren’t made in Bolo. (否定句，在is, am, are 后加not) →Are the desks made in Bolo? (一般疑问句，把is, am, are 提句首) 真题演练 1．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）If salt is onto the ice, the freezing temperature will be lower than 0℃. (spread) 【答案】spread 【详解】句意：如果把盐撒在冰上，冰点温度就会低于0℃。spread“传播，散开”，动词。此处指盐被撒到冰上，是被动语态，spread用其过去分词形式，其过去分词形式是spread。故填spread。 2.（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）12. The Monkey King is a traditional Chinese character. It ________ by people of all ages. A. is loved B. was loved C. will love D. is loving 【答案】A 【解析】句意：孙悟空是中国的一个传统人物。它受到所有年龄段的人的喜爱。 考查被动语态及动词时态。根据“by”可知，此处是被动语态，指孙悟空被人们喜爱。本句陈述事实，故为一般现在时。故选A。 二.一般过去时的被动语态 (主语+was /were +done) The building was built ten years ago. (肯定) →The building wasn’t built ten years ago. (否定句，在was, were 后加not) →Was the building built ten years ago? (一般疑问句，把was, were 提句首) 真题演练 1．（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）—It’s a pity! A music fan like you didn’t go to Nantong Music Festival. —I knew it ________ several weeks ago. But I was on business. A．is held B．will be held C．was held D．held 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——太可惜了！像你这样的乐迷没有去南通音乐节。——我知道这是几周前举行的。但我是出差。考查时态和语态。主语it指代“南通音乐节”，和谓语hold“举办”之间是被动关系，根据“several weeks ago”可知此处用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。故选C。 2．（2024·江苏镇江·中考真题）A lot of trees ________ last spring, so we can see more green this year. A．plant B．are planted C．planted D．were planted 【答案】D 【详解】句意：去年春天种了很多树，所以今年我们可以看到更多的绿色。考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“last spring”可知，动作发生在过去，且“trees”与“plant”之间是动宾关系，需用被动语态。故选D。 三. 一般将来时的被动语态 (will + be + done) (is /am /are going to +be +done) A new school library will be built next year. (肯定) →A new school library won’t be built next year. (否定句，在will后加not) →Will a new school library be built next year? (一般疑问句，把will提句首) A new school library is going to be built next year. →A new school library isn’t going to be built next year. (否定句，在is / am / are后加not) →Is a new school library going to be built next year? (一般疑问句，把is / am / are提句首) 真题演练 1.（2023·江苏连云港·中考真题）5. To make the environment much better, more trees ________ next year. A. plant B. will plant C. are planted D. will be planted 【答案】D 【解析】句意：为了使环境更好，明年将种植更多的树。 考查一般将来时被动语态。主语more trees与动词plant之间被动关系，结合next year可知，此处用一般将来时被动语态will be done的结构，故选D。 2.（2022·江苏连云港·中考真题）A survey will ________ next week to know more about children’s daily habits. 【答案】be carried out 【解析】句意：下周将进行一项调查，以了解更多关于儿童的日常习惯。根据“A survey will…next week”及备选词可知，此处指进行一项调查，carry out“实施”符合，主语survey与动词之间是被动关系，此处用一般将来时被动语态will be done的结构，故填be carried out。 四．现在进行时的被动语态 (am/is/are+being+done) He is being taken good care of in the hospital now. (肯定) He is not being taken good care of in the hospital now. (否定句，在is / am / are后加not) Is he being taken good care of in the hospital now？(一般疑问句，把is / am / are提句首) 真题演练 1．The church tower which (repair) will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. 【答案】is being repaired 【详解】句意：正在修复的教堂塔楼不久将对游客开放。这工作差不多完成了。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词church tower与动词repair之间是被动关系，根据“will be open”及“The work is almost finished”可知，这个教堂塔楼正在修复，应用现在进行时的被动语态的结构，主语是单数，be用is，故填is being repaired。 2. In Nanning, the Metro Line 3 (build) now. 【答案】is being built 【详解】句意：在南宁，地铁3号线正在建设中。主语the Metro Line 3和谓语build之间是被动关系，根据“now”可知此处用现在进行时的被动语态am/is/are being done，主语是the Metro Line 3，be动词用is。故填is being built。 五．过去进行时的被动语态（was/were+being+done） He was being taken good care of in the hospital now. (肯定) He was not being taken good care of in the hospital now. (否定句，在was / were后加not) Was he being taken good care of in the hospital now？(一般疑问句，把was/were提句首) 真题演练 1．The old couple _______ happily at their home when I walked past yesterday afternoon. A．heard singing B．heard to sing C．were heard singing D．was heard to sing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当我昨天下午经过这儿的时候，听到这对老夫妻正在家里高兴地唱歌呢。考查时态。主语“The old couple”和“hear”之间有被动关系，所以要用被动语态；“某人被听到正在做某事”用sb be heard doing sth表示，时间状语是yesterday afternoon，主语是“the couple”是复数形式，所以是were heard singing。故选C。 2.They were planting trees this time yesterday. (改为被动语态) Trees them this time yesterday. 【答案】 were being planted by 【详解】句意：昨天这个时候他们在种树。根据“were planting trees”可知，要改写成过去进行时的被动语态was/were being done的结构，主语trees是复数形式，助动词用were；by“被”，故填were；being；planted；by。 六．现在完成时的被动语态（have/ has been +done） I have been here three times since last year. (肯定) I haven’t been here three times since last year. (否定句，在have/ has后加not) Have you been here three time since last year? (一般疑问句，把have/ has提句首) 真题演练 1. Many awards have been to the winners in the Olympic Games up to now. (颁发) 【答案】presented 【详解】句意：到目前为止，许多奖项已经颁发给了奥运会的获胜者。根据中文提示可知，present“颁发”，动词原形，结合空格前“Many awards have been”可知，奖项是被颁发的，所以此处构成现在完成时的被动语态，结构为：have been+过去分词，present的过去分词形式是presented。故填presented。 2. Many babies’ health have been greatly (影响) by the poor quality milk powder. 【答案】influenced 【详解】句意：许多孩子的健康已经被劣质奶粉的质量严重影响。influence“影响”，动词，此处使用其过去分词形式，构成现在完成时的被动语态。故填influenced。 七. 其他情况 (1). 含有情态动词的被动语态。(情态动词+be + done) Students should be allowed to get ears pierced. →Students shouldn’t be allowed to get ears pierced. (否定句，在情态动词后加not) →Should students be allowed to get ears pierced? (一般疑问句，把情态动词提句首) (2). 含有“使役”动词的被动语态 “使役”动词常用的有make, see, watch, notice, hear等。含有“使役”动词的句子在主动时常常的搭配是make (see, hear, watch, notice) sb. do sth. 动词do 前面没有to，但在被动中要把to补出来。即sb. be made (seen, heard, watched, noticed) to do sth. 如： He made me do the work. 他使我做这项工作。(主动，do 前没to) →I was made to do the work. 我被他使去做这项工作。(被动，do 前补to) 类似：Tom saw Lucy water the flowers last night.→Lucy was seen to water the flowers last night. They heard him sing songs in the room last night.→He was heard to sing songs in the room last night. 究竟有没有to,其实有个巧门：“使役”动词前有be, 则有to, 没be, 则没to。 (3). 双宾句的被动语态。 My mother gives Lily a pen. →Lily is given a pen by my mother.→A pen is given to Lily by my mother. 【温馨提示】主动形式表示被动意义的情况 （1）.当 sell,wash,wear,clean,burn,cook 等与well,easily,perfectly 等连用时，用主动形式表示被动意义。 例These bowls don't clean easily.这些碗不容易洗干净。 （2）.表示感官的连系动词，如look,taste,sound,feel等，用主动形式表被动意义。 例 The food tasted better than it looked.这种食物吃起来味道比看上去要好。 （3）.表示“发生”“关闭”“爆发”等含义的不及物动词（短语），如happen,occur,take place,shut off,turn off 等无被动语态，用主动形式表示被动意义。 例The accident happened last week.事故是上周发生的。 （4）.某些表示“开始”“结束”等的动词，如start,begin,open,close,stop.end等，用主动形式表示被动意义。 The shop opens at 8:00 every day.商店每天8点开门。 真题演练 1. This kind of glass ________ hard but ________ easily. A．feels, breaks B．is felt, breaks C．feels, is broken D．is felt, is broken 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这种玻璃摸起来很硬，但很容易碎。考查语态。feel摸起来；break破碎。feel作为感官动词时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义，即 “某物摸起来……” 用“sth. feels + 形容词” 的结构，而不用被动语态，可排除BD选项； break在这里表示“易碎”，是不及物动词，其主动形式可以表示被动含义，常用来描述主语的性质或特征。故选A。 2. —Mum, my bike is broken. It requires ________. —Don’t worry. Your dad will have it ________ soon. A．repairing; repaired B．to be repaired; repairing C．to repair; to repair D．repairing; to be repaired 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我的自行车坏了，它需要被修理。——不要担心，你爸爸将很快修好它。 考查固定短语。require doing=require to be done，意为 “需要被做” ；have sth done意为 “请某人做某事，使某事被做”。所以第一空答案为repairing/to be repaired，第二空答案为repaired，故选A。 一．单项选择 1.When I was a pupil, some of my pocket money ________ to buy comic books. A. use B. is used C. used D. was used 【答案】D 【解析】句意：当我还是个学生的时候，我的一些零花钱被用来买漫画书。考查被动语态。分析题干可知，主语pocket money和动词use之间是被动关系，结合“When I was a pupil”可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态，故选D。 2. I ________ by aliens on my way home the other day. Do you believe me? A. have attacked B. was attacked C. was attacking D. am attacked 【答案】B 【解析】句意：前几天我在回家的路上被外星人袭击了。 你相信我吗？考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据时间状语“the other day”可知，本句是一般过去时；再根据“by aliens”可知，此处是一般过去时的被动语态(was/were done)。故选B。 3.UNICEF, part of the United Nations, ________ in Europe in 1946 after World War II. A. set up B. was set up C. took up D. was taken up 【答案】B 【解析】句意：联合国儿童基金会，是联合国的一部分，二战后于1946年在欧洲成立。考查一般过去时的被动语态和动词短语。set up建立；take up占据，占用。根据“in Europe in 1946 after World War II”可知这是联合国儿童基金会的成立时间，因此动词短语应用set up来表示“成立”，且句子应用一般过去时。主语为UNICEF，与动词set up存在逻辑上的被动关系，因此应用被动语态，其结构为：was/were+过去分词。故选B。 4.Spud Webb ________ at first because of his height, but he didn’t lose heart. A. refuses B. refused C. was refused D. will be refused 【答案】C 【解析】句意：斯普德·韦伯最初因为身高而被拒绝，但他没有灰心。考查被动语态。主语Spud Webb与动词refuse之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，即他被拒绝，故为被动语态。结合“but he didn’t lose heart.”可知，时态是一般过去时，故为一般过去时的被动语态，结构是was/were done。故选C。 5..—I hear that you took part in a forest clean-up activity last Sunday. —Yes, it ________ by our school green club to protect forests. A. organizes B. organized C. was organized D. will be organized 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——我听说你上周日参加了森林清理活动。——是的。我们学校的环保俱乐部组织了这次活动来保护森林。考查动词的时态和语态。根据“last Sunday”可知是过去的事，是一般过去时。主语“it”指的是“a forest clean-up activity”，和动词之间是被动关系，表达“被组织”用一般过去时的被动结构“was organized”。故选C。 6.It’s a long time! I can’t remember when this picture _______ in Jinshan Park. A. was taken B. takes C. is taken D. took 【答案】A 【解析】句意：这是一段很长的时间！我不记得这张照片是什么时候在金山公园拍的。考查语态。句子主语“this picture”与动词take之间是被动关系，此处用被动语态，结合语境可知，拍照发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态，故选A。 7. Sand turns to glass when it ________ by lightning. A. hits B. is hit C. is hitting D. will be hit 【答案】B 【解析】句意：沙子被闪电击中会变成玻璃。考查语态。句子主语it指代的是“Sand”，与动词hit之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，陈述事实用一般现在时，故选B。 8.The doctor ________ the man just now. So he must be ________. A．operated on; take good care B．was operated; take good care of C．operated on; taken good care of D．was operated on; taken good care 【答案】C 【详解】句意：医生刚才给这个男人做了手术，所以他必须被好好照顾。考查动词短语和被动语态。operate on sb表示“给某人做手术”，是主动语态形式；be operated on表示“被做手术”，是被动语态形式；take good care of sb表示“好好照顾某人”，其被动形式为sb be taken good care of，表示“某人被好好照顾”；take good care表达错误，缺少介词of。 根据“The doctor…the man just now”可知，这里主语是The doctor，是动作operate on的执行者，所以要用主动语态operated on；再根据“So he must be….”，可知这里主语he是动作take good care of的承受者，所以要用被动语态taken good care of。故选C。 9.If we want to improve spoken English, more attention should ________ to our pronunciation. A．pay B．be paid C．paying D．be paying 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果我们想提高英语口语，就应该更加注意我们的发音。考查动词的语态。根据“If we want to improve spoken English, more attention should…to our pronunciation.”可知，动词“pay”与主语attention“注意”之间为被动关系，句子语态应为被动语态，空前有情态动词should，因此情态动词下的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+done。pay“支付”，其过去分词形式为paid。故选B。 10. The new books ________ so well that they ________ out in all the shops. A．are sold; are sold B．are sold; sold C．sell; are sold; D．sell; sell 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这些新书卖得如此好以至于在所有的商店里都被卖光了。考查动词的语态和主动表被动用法。“sell”这个词在表示“销售情况如何”时，常用主动形式表示被动意义，所以第一个空用“sell so well” ，描述新书的销售状况好；“sell out”表示“卖光”，主语“they”和“sell out”之间是被动关系，即“新书被卖光”，所以第二个空要用被动语态“are sold”。故选C。 二．用所给动词的适当形式填空 1.（2023·江苏苏州·中考真题）After the interview, the astronauts were ________(move） away for health checks. 【答案】moved 【解析】句意：采访结束后，宇航员们被转移到其他地方进行健康检查。根据“After the interview, the astronauts were...away for health checks.”可知宇航员们被转移到其他地方进行健康检查，move“移动”，是动词，此处动词和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，动词用过去分词，故填moved。 2．The church tower which (repair) will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. 【答案】is being repaired 【详解】句意：正在修复的教堂塔楼不久将对游客开放。这工作差不多完成了。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词church tower与动词repair之间是被动关系，根据“will be open”及“The work is almost finished”可知，这个教堂塔楼正在修复，应用现在进行时的被动语态的结构，主语是单数，be用is，故填is being repaired。 3．Many awards have been to the winners in the Olympic Games up to now. (颁发) 【答案】presented 【详解】句意：到目前为止，许多奖项已经颁发给了奥运会的获胜者。根据中文提示可知，present“颁发”，动词原形，结合空格前“Many awards have been”可知，奖项是被颁发的，所以此处构成现在完成时的被动语态，结构为：have been+过去分词，present的过去分词形式是presented。故填presented。 4．The couple have been from each other for over one month. (分开, 隔开) 【答案】separated 【详解】句意：这对夫妇已经分居一个多月了。“分开”separate，have been后跟过去分词构成现在完成时的被动语态。故填separated。 5．Many babies’ health have been greatly (影响) by the poor quality milk powder. 【答案】influenced 【详解】句意：许多孩子的健康已经被劣质奶粉的质量严重影响。influence“影响”，动词，此处使用其过去分词形式，构成现在完成时的被动语态。故填influenced。 6．Last year, some English teachers in our school (invite) to go abroad for further education. 【答案】were invited 【详解】句意：去年，我们学校的一些英语老师应邀出国深造。主语some English teachers与谓语动词invite之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态，且由last year可知时态是一般过去时，故此处是一般过去时的被动语态was/were done，主语是复数，be动词用were，invite的过去分词是invited。故填were invited。 7．If the flight to Beijing (cancel), you can still take a high-speed train to get there. 【答案】is cancelled 【详解】句意：如果飞往北京的航班被取消，你仍然可以乘高铁去那里。分析句子结构可知，从句主语“the flight to Beijing”与动词“cancel”之间为被动关系；该句是if引导的条件状语从句，时态上遵循“主将从现”，所以从句应用一般现在时被动语态“am/is/are+动词过去分词”，主语为第三人称单数，be动词应用is。故填is cancelled。 8．Who do you think (choose) to announce results of the awards on the coming show? 【答案】will be chosen 【详解】句意：你认为谁将会被选中在即将到来的节目上宣布颁奖结果呢？主语Who“谁”是动词choose“选中”动作的承受者，表示将会被选中，用一般将来时态的被动语态，结构为“will be done”，choose的过去分词是chosen。故填will be chosen。 9．— Do you think that robots will take the place of humans in the future? — I don’t think so. After all, the smartest robots (control) and made by people. 【答案】are controlled 【详解】句意：——你认为未来机器人会取代人类吗?——我不这么认为。毕竟，最聪明的机器人是由人控制和制造的。结合语境以及made by people可知，动词用被动语态，本句时态为一般现在时，主语是复数，be动词用are。故填are controlled。 10．Could you tell me when the basketball match (cover) live? I don’t want to miss it. 【答案】will be covered 【详解】句意：你能告诉我篮球比赛什么时候直播吗?我不想错过。结合语境可知，篮球比赛与现场直播是动宾关系，这里用被动语态。由于后面“I don’t want to miss it”可知，这里是一般将来时。本句用一般将来时被动语态。be covered live“被现场直播”。故填will be covered。 三．完成句子 1．The English teacher divided our class into 8 groups in class. (改为被动语态) Our class into 8 groups by the English teacher in class. 【答案】 was divided 【详解】句意：英语老师在课堂上把我们班分成了8个组。结合谓语“divided”可知，时态为一般去时，改为被动语态时，可表达为“在课堂上我们班被英语老师分成了8个组”，此处使用一般过去时的被动语态，结构：主语+was/were done，主语是“Our class”，be动词使用was；divide“分开”，过去分词为divided。故填was；divided。 2．这些熊猫直到下周五才会送到培训中心。 The pandas next Friday. 【答案】won’t be sent to the training centre until 【详解】对照中英文可知缺少“直到……才”和“送到培训中心”。“送到”send to，主语the pandas与send是动宾关系，故用被动语态be sent，且是一般将来时；“直到……才”not...until，即谓语动词用否定形式，故此处是一般将来时的被动语态且是否定形式won’t be sent。“培训中心”the training centre。故填won’t be sent to the training centre until。 3．关于如何保护环境的方法将会进行讨论。 Ways about . 【答案】how to protect the environment will be discussed 【详解】对比中英文可知，空处缺少“如何保护环境……将会进行讨论”；根据英文题干和汉语提示可知，此处考查“疑问词+动词不定式”结构，即how to protect the environment“如何保护环境”；主语“Ways”与动词discuss“讨论”是被动关系，又根据汉语“将会”可知，此处应用一般将来时的被动语态，其结构为will be done，动词discuss的过去分词为discussed。故填how to protect the environment will be discussed。 4．这个组织为贫穷地区的孩子提供食物。 The children in poor areas . 【答案】are provided with food by the organization 【详解】provide sb with sth“为某人提供”；food“食物”，不可数名词。本句时态为一般现在时，陈述一个事实，主语The children in poor areas和谓语provide之间是被动关系，须用被动语态，主语是复数，be动词用are。故填are provided with food by the organization。 5．孩子们在街上向人们分发传单。 people in the street by some kids. 【答案】Leaflets are handed out to 【详解】对照中英文可知缺少“分发传单”，由“by some kids”可知谓语动词应用被动语态be done，“传单”作主语。“传单”leaflet，此处是复数表示多个；“向……分发”hand out sth to sb，被动语态为sth be handed out to sb，时态是一般现在时，be动词用are。故填Leaflets are handed out to。 6．我想知道去年特奥会中包含什么赛事。 I wondered what in the Special Olympics World Games last year. 【答案】events were included 【详解】根据对照中英文可知缺少“赛事”和“包含”。“赛事”event，此处应用复数；“包含”include，what events作主语，与动词include之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态be done，主句是一般过去时，所以此处从句应用一般过去时，be动词用were，include的过去分词是included。故填events were included。 7．（2024·江苏常州·一模）直到她的小说被翻译成法语，人们才注意到这个作者。 People until . 【答案】 didn’t notice the writer her novels were translated into French 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，not ... until ...“直到……才”，notice“注意”，writer“作者”，her novels“她的小说”，translate“翻译”，French“法语”。句子时态为一般过去时，后半句为被动语态。be translated into表示“被翻译成……”。故填didn’t notice the writer；her novels were translated into French。 8．她的第一部小说《克洛蒂娜在学校》大获成功，她的作品受到读者的高度评价。 Her first novel, Claudine at School, was a huge success, and her works by readers. 【答案】were highly thought of/were highly spoken of / won high praise 【详解】根据汉语提示可知此处缺少的意思为“受到高度评价”；高度评价：speak/think highly of；根据“was a huge success”可知此处用一般过去时态；主语和谓语动词之间是动宾关系，所以用被动结构：主语+be+动词的过去分词，主语是复数，所以be用were；win high praise赢得高度评价，win的过去式为won。故填were highly thought of/were highly spoken of/won high praise。 9．（24-25八年级上·江苏无锡·阶段练习）上周大地被厚厚的白雪覆盖了。 All over the earth white snow last week. 【答案】was covered with deep 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空格处缺少“被……覆盖”和“厚厚的”表达，be covered with意为“被……覆盖”，固定短语，由last week可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事，用一般过去时，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用was；deep“深的，厚的”，形容词作定语修饰名词snow，deep white snow表示“厚厚的白雪”。故填was covered with deep。 10．小时候父母不允许他熬夜到很晚。 He by his parents when he was a child. 【答案】wasn’t allowed to stay up late 【详解】be not allowed to do sth.表示“不被允许做某事”，根据“when he was a child”可知，时态为一般过去时，主语为He，be动词要用was，与not缩写为wasn’t；stay up late“熬夜”，动词短语。故填wasn’t allowed to stay up late。 四．完形填空 （2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）On a cold sunny day, I sat in my car and watched dolphins swim in the sea. 1 , I saw some dolphins were beached (搁浅). It was very 2 for them to be out of water. I knew they needed help. 3 thinking too much, I jumped out of my car and ran to the beach. I first called the police but their 4 were far away. It was a life-or-death moment for the dolphins. I didn’t know 5 to help them, so I put a message on the Internet. I hoped someone could see it and come to 6 those lovely animals. Minutes later, three teenage boys from a nearby school came first. It was like light that drove the darkness away. Then more and more people 7 . We decided to save the smaller dolphins first and worked together to move them back to the 8 water successfully. To my surprise, 9 the smaller dolphins were saved, none of them left. They stayed in the water and made strange sounds to encourage the other dolphins. After we 10 the rescue (救援) work, all the dolphins raised their heads from water and swam around to show their 11 to us. Then, they swam back to the deep sea. It touched me a lot and made my heart 12 . The dolphins had a great sense of helping each other when there was 13 . I realized that our volunteer group was just like the dolphins. On such a cold day, 14 cared about getting wet or dirty. We tried our best to save the dolphins and communicated again and again to make sure everyone was safe. I will never forget this 15 . People can always learn from our friends—animals. 1．A．Suddenly B．Luckily C．Happily D．Excitedly 2．A．amazing B．important C．dangerous D．necessary 3．A．With B．Without C．By D．On 4．A．eyes B．hands C．ears D．knees 5．A．why B．which C．how D．when 6．A．save B．watch C．enjoy D．find 7．A．changed B．moved C．left D．arrived 8．A．dirtier B．quieter C．cleaner D．deeper 9．A．before B．whenever C．after D．until 10．A．finished B．started C．closed D．tried 11．A．interests B．thanks C．rights D．worries 12．A．broken B．cold C．hurt D．warm 13．A．challenge B．doubt C．trouble   D．courage 14．A．anybody B．nobody C．somebody D．everybody 15．A．experience B．journey C．disaster D．show 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．D 8．D 9．C 10．A 11．B 12．D 13．C 14．B 15．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了作者和其他人一起努力拯救了搁浅的海豚，而且当遇到麻烦时，海豚也互相帮助，作者也学到人们总是可以向我们的朋友——动物——学习。 1．句意：突然，我看到一些海豚搁浅了。suddenly突然；luckily幸运地；happily开心地；excitedly兴奋地。根据“I saw some dolphins were beached”可知，是突然看到海豚搁浅了。故选A。 2．句意：离开水对它们来说非常危险。amazing令人惊奇的；important重要的；dangerous危险的；necessary必要的。根据“for them to be out of water.”可知，离开水对海豚很危险。故选C。 3．句意：我没有想太多，就跳下车，跑向海滩。with有；without没有；by通过；on在上面。根据“thinking too much, I jumped out of my car and ran to the beach”可知，是没有想太多，就跑向海滩。故选B。 4．句意：我首先报警，但他们离我很远。eyes眼睛；hands手；ears耳朵；knees膝盖。根据“were far away”可知，转折词后表示警察离得很远，此处hands有“协助”的意思，符合语境。故选B。 5．句意：我不知道如何帮助他们，所以我在网上发了一条消息。why为什么；which哪一个；how如何；when什么时候。根据“to help them”可知，是不知道如何帮助海豚。故选C。 6．句意：我希望有人能看到它，来拯救那些可爱的动物。 save拯救；watch看；enjoy享受；find发现。根据“those lovely animals.”可知，是来拯救这些搁浅的动物。故选A。 7．句意：然后越来越多的人来了。changed改变；moved移动；left离开；arrived到达。根据“Then more and more people ”可知，是越来越多的人到达这里来拯救海豚。故选D。 8．句意：我们决定先拯救较小的海豚，并共同努力将它们成功地移回更深的水域。dirtier更脏；quieter更安静；cleaner更干净；deeper更深。根据“move them back to the...water”可知，是让它们移回更深的海域。故选D。 9．句意：令我惊讶的是，小海豚获救后，一只也没离开。before在……之前；whenever无论何时；after在……之后；until直到。根据“the smaller dolphins were saved, none of them left”可知，小海豚获救后，它们都没有离开。故选C。 10．句意：在我们完成救援工作后，所有的海豚都从水中抬起头来，游来游去向我们表示感谢。finished结束；started开始；closed关闭；tried尝试。根据“ the rescue (救援) work”可知，是完成救援工作。故选A。 11．句意：在我们完成救援工作后，所有的海豚都从水中抬起头来，游来游去向我们表示感谢。interests兴趣；thanks感谢；rights权利；worries担心。根据“all the dolphins raised their heads from water and swam around to show their”可知，海豚向拯救它们的人表达感谢。故选B。 12．句意：它深深地打动了我，让我的心变得温暖。broken破的；cold冷的；hurt受伤的；warm温暖的。根据“It touched me a lot and made my heart”可知，海豚的做法让作者感到很温暖。故选D。 13．句意：当遇到麻烦时，海豚们有一种互相帮助的强烈感觉。challenge挑战；doubt怀疑；trouble麻烦；courage勇气。根据“The dolphins had a great sense of helping each other”可知，有困难的时候，互相帮助。故选C。 14．句意：在这么冷的一天，没有人在乎淋湿或弄脏。anybody任何人；nobody没有人；somebody一些人；everybody每个人。根据“cared about getting wet or dirty”可知，他们都努力拯救海豚，没有人在乎淋湿或弄脏。故选B。 15．句意：我永远不会忘记这段经历。experience经历；journey旅行；disaster灾难；show节目。根据“I will never forget this”可知，是不会忘记这段经历。故选A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题02 动词的时态语态(二) 动词被动语态 目录 第一部分：命题趋向（思维导图+中考命题趋向分析+重点掌握） 第二部分：考点探究（知识点罗列+3年真题演练） 第三部分：素养提升（单项选择+ 用动词的适当形式填空+完成句子） 1. 思维导图 2. 趋向分析 被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。被动语态的谓语部分由“助动词be+ 及物动词的过去分词”构成。be有人称，时态和数的变化。 一.一般现在时的被动语态 (主语+am/are/is +done) The desks are made in Bolo. (肯定) →The desks aren’t made in Bolo. (否定句，在is, am, are 后加not) →Are the desks made in Bolo? (一般疑问句，把is, am, are 提句首) 真题演练 1．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）If salt is onto the ice, the freezing temperature will be lower than 0℃. (spread) 2.（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）12. The Monkey King is a traditional Chinese character. It ________ by people of all ages. A. is loved B. was loved C. will love D. is loving 二.一般过去时的被动语态 (主语+was /were +done) The building was built ten years ago. (肯定) →The building wasn’t built ten years ago. (否定句，在was, were 后加not) →Was the building built ten years ago? (一般疑问句，把was, were 提句首) 真题演练 1．（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）—It’s a pity! A music fan like you didn’t go to Nantong Music Festival. —I knew it ________ several weeks ago. But I was on business. A．is held B．will be held C．was held D．held 2．（2024·江苏镇江·中考真题）A lot of trees ________ last spring, so we can see more green this year. A．plant B．are planted C．planted D．were planted 三. 一般将来时的被动语态 (will + be + done) (is /am /are going to +be +done) A new school library will be built next year. (肯定) →A new school library won’t be built next year. (否定句，在will后加not) →Will a new school library be built next year? (一般疑问句，把will提句首) A new school library is going to be built next year. →A new school library isn’t going to be built next year. (否定句，在is / am / are后加not) →Is a new school library going to be built next year? (一般疑问句，把is / am / are提句首) 真题演练 1.（2023·江苏连云港·中考真题）5. To make the environment much better, more trees ________ next year. A. plant B. will plant C. are planted D. will be planted 2.（2022·江苏连云港·中考真题）A survey will ________ next week to know more about children’s daily habits. 四．现在进行时的被动语态 (am/is/are+being+done) He is being taken good care of in the hospital now. (肯定) He is not being taken good care of in the hospital now. (否定句，在is / am / are后加not) Is he being taken good care of in the hospital now？(一般疑问句，把is / am / are提句首) 真题演练 1．The church tower which (repair) will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. 【答案】is being repaired 【详解】句意：正在修复的教堂塔楼不久将对游客开放。这工作差不多完成了。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词church tower与动词repair之间是被动关系，根据“will be open”及“The work is almost finished”可知，这个教堂塔楼正在修复，应用现在进行时的被动语态的结构，主语是单数，be用is，故填is being repaired。 2. In Nanning, the Metro Line 3 (build) now. 【答案】is being built 【详解】句意：在南宁，地铁3号线正在建设中。主语the Metro Line 3和谓语build之间是被动关系，根据“now”可知此处用现在进行时的被动语态am/is/are being done，主语是the Metro Line 3，be动词用is。故填is being built。 五．过去进行时的被动语态（was/were+being+done） He was being taken good care of in the hospital now. (肯定) He was not being taken good care of in the hospital now. (否定句，在was / were后加not) Was he being taken good care of in the hospital now？(一般疑问句，把was/were提句首) 真题演练 1．The old couple _______ happily at their home when I walked past yesterday afternoon. A．heard singing B．heard to sing C．were heard singing D．was heard to sing 2.They were planting trees this time yesterday. (改为被动语态) Trees them this time yesterday. 六．现在完成时的被动语态（have/ has been +done） I have been here three times since last year. (肯定) I haven’t been here three times since last year. (否定句，在have/ has后加not) Have you been here three time since last year? (一般疑问句，把have/ has提句首) 真题演练 1. Many awards have been to the winners in the Olympic Games up to now. (颁发) 2. Many babies’ health have been greatly (影响) by the poor quality milk powder. 七. 其他情况 (1). 含有情态动词的被动语态。(情态动词+be + done) Students should be allowed to get ears pierced. →Students shouldn’t be allowed to get ears pierced. (否定句，在情态动词后加not) →Should students be allowed to get ears pierced? (一般疑问句，把情态动词提句首) (2). 含有“使役”动词的被动语态 “使役”动词常用的有make, see, watch, notice, hear等。含有“使役”动词的句子在主动时常常的搭配是make (see, hear, watch, notice) sb. do sth. 动词do 前面没有to，但在被动中要把to补出来。即sb. be made (seen, heard, watched, noticed) to do sth. 如： He made me do the work. 他使我做这项工作。(主动，do 前没to) →I was made to do the work. 我被他使去做这项工作。(被动，do 前补to) 类似：Tom saw Lucy water the flowers last night.→Lucy was seen to water the flowers last night. They heard him sing songs in the room last night.→He was heard to sing songs in the room last night. 究竟有没有to,其实有个巧门：“使役”动词前有be, 则有to, 没be, 则没to。 (3). 双宾句的被动语态。 My mother gives Lily a pen. →Lily is given a pen by my mother.→A pen is given to Lily by my mother. 【温馨提示】主动形式表示被动意义的情况 （1）.当 sell,wash,wear,clean,burn,cook 等与well,easily,perfectly 等连用时，用主动形式表示被动意义。 例These bowls don't clean easily.这些碗不容易洗干净。 （2）.表示感官的连系动词，如look,taste,sound,feel等，用主动形式表被动意义。 例 The food tasted better than it looked.这种食物吃起来味道比看上去要好。 （3）.表示“发生”“关闭”“爆发”等含义的不及物动词（短语），如happen,occur,take place,shut off,turn off 等无被动语态，用主动形式表示被动意义。 例The accident happened last week.事故是上周发生的。 （4）.某些表示“开始”“结束”等的动词，如start,begin,open,close,stop.end等，用主动形式表示被动意义。 The shop opens at 8:00 every day.商店每天8点开门。 真题演练 1. This kind of glass ________ hard but ________ easily. A．feels, breaks B．is felt, breaks C．feels, is broken D．is felt, is broken 2. —Mum, my bike is broken. It requires ________. —Don’t worry. Your dad will have it ________ soon. A．repairing; repaired B．to be repaired; repairing C．to repair; to repair D．repairing; to be repaired 一．单项选择 1.When I was a pupil, some of my pocket money ________ to buy comic books. A. use B. is used C. used D. was used 2. I ________ by aliens on my way home the other day. Do you believe me? A. have attacked B. was attacked C. was attacking D. am attacked 3.UNICEF, part of the United Nations, ________ in Europe in 1946 after World War II. A. set up B. was set up C. took up D. was taken up 4.Spud Webb ________ at first because of his height, but he didn’t lose heart. A. refuses B. refused C. was refused D. will be refused 5..—I hear that you took part in a forest clean-up activity last Sunday. —Yes, it ________ by our school green club to protect forests. A. organizes B. organized C. was organized D. will be organized 6.It’s a long time! I can’t remember when this picture _______ in Jinshan Park. A. was taken B. takes C. is taken D. took 7.Sand turns to glass when it ________ by lightning. A. hits B. is hit C. is hitting D. will be hit 8.The doctor ________ the man just now. So he must be ________. A．operated on; take good care B．was operated; take good care of C．operated on; taken good care of D．was operated on; taken good care 9.If we want to improve spoken English, more attention should ________ to our pronunciation. A．pay B．be paid C．paying D．be paying 10. The new books ________ so well that they ________ out in all the shops. A．are sold; are sold B．are sold; sold C．sell; are sold; D．sell; sell 二．用所给动词的适当形式填空 1.（2023·江苏苏州·中考真题）After the interview, the astronauts were ________(move） away for health checks. 2．The church tower which (repair) will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. 3．Many awards have been to the winners in the Olympic Games up to now. (颁发) 4．The couple have been from each other for over one month. (分开, 隔开) 5．Many babies’ health have been greatly (影响) by the poor quality milk powder. 6．Last year, some English teachers in our school (invite) to go abroad for further education. 7．If the flight to Beijing (cancel), you can still take a high-speed train to get there. 8．Who do you think (choose) to announce results of the awards on the coming show? 9．— Do you think that robots will take the place of humans in the future? — I don’t think so. After all, the smartest robots (control) and made by people. 10．Could you tell me when the basketball match (cover) live? I don’t want to miss it. 三．完成句子 1．The English teacher divided our class into 8 groups in class. (改为被动语态) Our class into 8 groups by the English teacher in class. 2．这些熊猫直到下周五才会送到培训中心。 The pandas next Friday. 3．关于如何保护环境的方法将会进行讨论。 Ways about . 4．这个组织为贫穷地区的孩子提供食物。 The children in poor areas . 5．孩子们在街上向人们分发传单。 people in the street by some kids. 6．我想知道去年特奥会中包含什么赛事。 I wondered what in the Special Olympics World Games last year. 7．（2024·江苏常州·一模）直到她的小说被翻译成法语，人们才注意到这个作者。 People until . 8．她的第一部小说《克洛蒂娜在学校》大获成功，她的作品受到读者的高度评价。 Her first novel, Claudine at School, was a huge success, and her works by readers. 9．（24-25八年级上·江苏无锡·阶段练习）上周大地被厚厚的白雪覆盖了。 All over the earth white snow last week. 10．小时候父母不允许他熬夜到很晚。 He by his parents when he was a child. 四．完形填空 （2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）On a cold sunny day, I sat in my car and watched dolphins swim in the sea. 1 , I saw some dolphins were beached (搁浅). It was very 2 for them to be out of water. I knew they needed help. 3 thinking too much, I jumped out of my car and ran to the beach. I first called the police but their 4 were far away. It was a life-or-death moment for the dolphins. I didn’t know 5 to help them, so I put a message on the Internet. I hoped someone could see it and come to 6 those lovely animals. Minutes later, three teenage boys from a nearby school came first. It was like light that drove the darkness away. Then more and more people 7 . We decided to save the smaller dolphins first and worked together to move them back to the 8 water successfully. To my surprise, 9 the smaller dolphins were saved, none of them left. They stayed in the water and made strange sounds to encourage the other dolphins. After we 10 the rescue (救援) work, all the dolphins raised their heads from water and swam around to show their 11 to us. Then, they swam back to the deep sea. It touched me a lot and made my heart 12 . The dolphins had a great sense of helping each other when there was 13 . I realized that our volunteer group was just like the dolphins. On such a cold day, 14 cared about getting wet or dirty. We tried our best to save the dolphins and communicated again and again to make sure everyone was safe. I will never forget this 15 . People can always learn from our friends—animals. 1．A．Suddenly B．Luckily C．Happily D．Excitedly 2．A．amazing B．important C．dangerous D．necessary 3．A．With B．Without C．By D．On 4．A．eyes B．hands C．ears D．knees 5．A．why B．which C．how D．when 6．A．save B．watch C．enjoy D．find 7．A．changed B．moved C．left D．arrived 8．A．dirtier B．quieter C．cleaner D．deeper 9．A．before B．whenever C．after D．until 10．A．finished B．started C．closed D．tried 11．A．interests B．thanks C．rights D．worries 12．A．broken B．cold C．hurt D．warm 13．A．challenge B．doubt C．trouble   D．courage 14．A．anybody B．nobody C．somebody D．everybody 15．A．experience B．journey C．disaster D．show 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$