第10课 代词-【提分宝典】2026年新高考英语一轮全考点普查与练习

第10课　代词 课前主题阅读与主题词普查——文学与艺术（一） 普查与练习10 Ⅰ　人称代词、反身代词、物主代词和指示代词 两组题学透 1. 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词 复习要点 *熟练掌握人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的句法功能及其在语法填空和写作中的应用。 单句语法填空。 （1）They can complete flexible movements including picking up pieces of paper, bowls, soft tofu and cakes and placing ____________（they）in certain places accurately. （安徽合肥模拟） 答案：them 解析：考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空格处作placing的宾语，需用they的宾格。根据句意可知，此处应表示“将它们准确地放在某些地方”，故填them。 （2）Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of ____________（they）contents. （2023新高考Ⅰ真题） 答案：their 解析：考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空格处修饰名词contents（指小笼包的馅），需用提示词的形容词性物主代词，故填their。 （3）The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled（揭幕）at the ceremony, opening ____________（it）first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea. （2022全国Ⅰ真题） 答案：its 解析：考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空格处修饰名词短语first exhibition，需用形容词性物主代词，故填its。 （4）Wu Dajing broke ____________（he）own record and won the gold medal in the men’s 500-meter race. （2026改编） 答案：his 解析：考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空格处修饰名词record，需用形容词性物主代词，故填his。句意：武大靖打破了自己的纪录，获得了男子500米竞赛的金牌。 （5）He says books are treasures for kids in low-income neighborhoods such as ____________ （he）. （浙江嘉兴二模） 答案：his 解析：考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空格处作介词短语such as的宾语。根据句意可知，此处表示“他的（社区）”，需用名词性物主代词，故填his。 变式思考 He says books are treasures for kids in low-income neighborhoods such as ____________（he）neighborhood. 答案：his 解析：考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空格处修饰名词neighborhood，需用形容词性物主代词，故填his。 （6）There will be moments when you are going to doubt ____________（you）. （湖北高三5月联考） 答案：yourself/yourselves 解析：考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空格处作动词doubt的宾语。根据句意可知，此处表示“怀疑你/你们自己”，需用反身代词，故填yourself/yourselves。 （7）“Look at these IQs,” she thought to ____________（she）. （人大附中三模） 答案：herself 解析：考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空格处作介词to的宾语。根据句意可知，此处表示“心想”，think to oneself意为“暗想；心想”，故填herself。 （8）Since people can’t always eat out or cook for ____________（they）, they get takeout or order delivery. （2022北京真题） 答案：themselves 解析：考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空格处作介词for的宾语。根据句意可知，此处表示“为他们自己”，故填themselves。for oneself为固定搭配，意为“为自己”。 单句写作。 （9）他的梦想是长大后投身于教育事业。（devote oneself to） （2026原创） ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：His dream is to devote himself to education when he grows up. （10）我的家人都希望你在中国过得愉快。（enjoy oneself） （2026原创） ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：All my family hope you enjoy yourself during your stay in China. 2. 指示代词 复习要点 *在阅读理解中准确判断指示代词的指代对象。 阅读理解。 （北京海淀区一模） Researchers often use radar to track ice avalanches（崩塌）, which is precise but expensive and can monitor only one specific location and neighboring avalanche paths. Infrasound, Marchetti says, is cheaper and can detect break-off events around a much broader area as well as multiple avalanches across a mountain. It is challenging, however, to separate a signal into its components （such as traffic noises, individual avalanches and nearby earthquakes）without additional measurements, says ETH Zurich glaciologist Malgorzata Chmiel. “The model used by Marchetti is a first approximation for this,” she says. Isolating the relevant signal helps the researchers monitor an ice avalanche’s speed, path and volume from afar using infrasound. （11）The underlined word “this” in the paragraph refers to ___________. A. distinguishing different components of a signal B. detecting multiple avalanches at the same time C. calculating the speed and path of ice avalanches D. monitoring the specific location of ice break-offs 答案：A 解析：代词指代题。根据第三句“It is challenging, however, to separate a signal into its components（such as traffic noises, individual avalanches and nearby earthquakes） without additional measurements, says ETH Zurich glaciologist Malgorzata Chmiel.（然而，苏黎世联邦理工学院的冰川学家Malgorzata Chmiel认为，在没有额外测量的情况下，将一个信号分解成它的组成部分，如交通噪音、单独的雪崩和附近的地震，是具有挑战性的。）”可推知，this指代“区分信号的组成部分”，故选A项。 随堂普查练10Ⅰ 1. 单句语法填空。 （1）At that time, residents thought ___________（they）to be experienced in farming, so they wouldn’t read books. （浙江杭州适应性测试） 答案：themselves 解析：考查代词。根据句意可知，空格处表示“居民认为自己有务农经验”，应用反身代词，故填themselves。 （2）She recognized ___________（I）potential and showed me that I could write with creativity and enthusiasm. （北京十一学校高三三模） 答案：my 解析：考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空格处修饰名词potential，需用形容词性物主代词，故填my。句意：她认可我的潜力，并向我表明，我可以用创造力和热情写作。 （3）Her success goes beyond sports as it motivates both athletes and ordinary people in _________（they）pursuit of dreams. （北京海淀区一模） 答案：their 解析：考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空格处修饰名词短语pursuit of dreams，需用形容词性物主代词，故填their。 （4）“___________（we）study provides a more solid baseline for when humans were in North America, although they could have arrived even earlier,” they wrote in the journal Science, which published the study on Thursday. （河北九师联盟高三联考） 答案：Our 解析：考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空格处修饰名词study，需用形容词性物主代词，同时注意空格处位于句首，首字母需大写，故填Our。 （5）He said, “WFP works closely with governments, organizations and individuals whose love for helping hungry people equals ___________（we）. （河南南阳一中月考） 答案：ours 解析：考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作equals的宾语。根据句意可知，此处指代 our love for helping hungry people，应用名词性物主代词，故填ours。 变式思考 He said, “WFP works closely with governments, organizations and individuals whose love for helping hungry people equals ___________（we）love for helping hungry people. 答案：our 解析：考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空格处修饰名词love，需用形容词性物主代词，故填our。 （6）If the injured remain conscious, we communicate with ___________ in English. We had a lot of English lessons during our training. （辽宁实验中学高三一模） 答案：them 解析：考查代词。根据句意“如果伤者保持清醒，我们会用英语与　 　交流。我们在训练期间上了很多英语课。”可知，空格处应表示“他们”，with为介词，应用they的宾格，故填them。 （7）But now, for the first time in conservation history, ___________（they）numbers are on the increase. （辽宁全国一模） 答案：their 解析：考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空格处修饰名词numbers，应用形容词性物主代词，故填their。 （8）It is an app that aims to correct its users’ sleeping pattern by waking ___________（they）up not during the sound sleep time but at much the lightest sleep period. （山东实验中学高三打靶试题） 答案：them 解析：考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空格处作waking up的宾语，应用they的宾格，故填them。 （9）Qi was an all-round artist. Born to a family of farmers in Hunan in 1864, he learned carpentry in his teens, and later taught ___________（he）the arts of painting, poetry, calligraphy and seal cutting. （湖南师大附中高三月考） 答案：himself 解析：考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空格处作taught的宾语。根据句意可知，此处表示“自学”，所以应填he的反身代词himself。teach oneself为固定搭配，意为“自学”。 （10）Having failed at ever achieving his worldly ambitions, he gave up the idea of making money and devoted ___________（he）to volunteer work. （浙江台州一模） 答案：himself 解析：考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空格处作devoted的宾语。根据句意可知，此处表示“致力于……”，故填he的反身代词himself。devote oneself to为固定搭配，意为“致力于……”。 （11）“Cats were not treated as gods ___________（they）, but as tools that the gods chose to live in, and whose looks gods chose to adopt,” Skidmore explains. （浙江五校5月联考） 答案：themselves 解析：考查代词。根据句意可知，此处表示“猫本身并不被当作神对待”，应用they的反身代词，故填themselves。 （12）The village has stepped up support for local craftsmen and carried out education for villagers, so more people can commit ___________（they）to taking up local craftsmanship. （山东济南高三一模） 答案：themselves 解析：考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空格处作commit的宾语；固定搭配“commit oneself to...”意为“致力于……”，所以空处需要填提示词的反身代词形式，故填themselves。 （13）The beauty held in traditional patterns has inspired Chinese designers to find ___________（they）own style and emotional bonds instead of just caring about function and form when they design their works. （山东济南高三上学期期末） 答案：their 解析：考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空格处修饰名词style和bonds，应填提示词they的形容词性物主代词，故填their。 2. 阅读理解。 （浙江湖州期末） When kids enjoy an activity, they want to do more of it. Practicing a skill improves their abilities and helps them feel confident, especially when the effort is noticed and praised. Toddlers （学步的儿童）and preschoolers should play actively several times a day. Children from 6 to 17 years of age should do 60 minutes or more of physical activity daily. This can include free play at home and P.E. at school. What does the underlined word “This” refer to? A. Free play. B. Play time. C. Physical activity. D. Children’s confidence. 答案：C 解析：代词指代题。根据第四句“Children from 6 to 17 years of age should do 60 minutes or more of physical activity daily.”可知，6至17岁的儿童每天应进行60分钟或以上的体育活动。画线单词所在句表示“这可以包括在家自由玩耍和在学校的体育课”。由此可知，画线单词“This”指代上文提到的“physical activity”，即“体育活动”，故选C项。 课前主题阅读与主题词普查——文学与艺术（二） 普查与练习10 Ⅱ　不定代词 两组题学透 3. all/some/（a）few/many等作限定词 复习要点 *理解并掌握all, some, （a）few, many等作限定词时的用法。 单句语法填空。 （1）There are many ___________（story）about the festival’s true origins. （江苏百校联考一模） 答案：stories 解析：考查名词复数。story意为“故事”，为可数名词，其前有many修饰，应用名词复数形式，故填stories。 （2）Unfortunately, there have been some negative side ___________（effect）to his constant studying. （河北石家庄二中10月联考） 答案：effects 解析：考查名词复数。根据句意可知，空格处表示“作用”，为可数名词，且根据空格前的some可知，空格处应填名词复数形式，故填effects。side effects意为“副作用”，常用复数形式。 （3）A few ___________（month）of exercise in your teens wouldn’t be enough for the rest of your life. （2026改编） 答案：months 解析：考查名词复数。空格前的A few意为“几个”，修饰可数名词复数；提示词month意为“月”，为可数名词，应填名词复数形式，故填months。 4. 与不定代词有关的固定搭配 复习要点 *熟练掌握both... and..., either... or..., neither... nor...等固定搭配在写作中的应用。 单句写作。 （4）我既尊重我的朋友也尊重我的对手。（both... and...） （2026原创） ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：I respect both my friends and my opponents. （5）担任这项志愿者工作你需要要么精通法语，要么精通西班牙语。（either... or...） （2026原创） ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：For this volunteer job, you need to have a good knowledge of either French or Spanish. （6）她似乎既不惊讶也不担心。（neither... nor...） （2026原创） ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：She seemed neither surprised nor worried. 随堂普查练10Ⅱ 1.单句语法填空。 （1）They also shared with us many traditional ___________（story）about Hawaii, which were hugely popular with tourists. （2026改编） 答案：stories 解析：考查名词复数。根据空格前的many可知，空格处应填名词复数stories。句意：他们还与我们分享了许多关于夏威夷的传统故事，这些故事在游客中非常受欢迎。 （2）Find a few ___________（hotel）you like, ask about their vacant rooms, then wait for a few weeks and call again. （2026改编） 答案：hotels 解析：考查名词复数。根据空格前的a few可知，空格处应填名词复数hotels。句意：找几家你喜欢的酒店，询问他们空置的房间，然后等几个星期再打电话。 （3）Local people also depend on a healthy environment for food, water and other ___________（resource）. （辽宁全国一模） 答案：resources 解析：考查名词复数。resource意为“资源”，为可数名词，且根据空格前的other可知，空格处应用名词复数形式，故填resources。 （4）The students’ efforts paid off, because the audience in the community liked their performance, giving them a big round of applause. All the ___________（student）were very happy and felt proud of themselves. （2026改编） 答案：students 解析：考查名词复数。all作限定词，修饰可数名词时，该名词应用复数形式，故空格处应填students。句意：学生们的努力得到了回报，因为社区的观众喜欢他们的表演，给了他们很热烈的掌声。所有的学生都很高兴，并为自己感到骄傲。 （5）There are many ___________（charity）over there, so we should choose wisely and carefully. （2026改编） 答案：charities 解析：考查名词复数。空格前的many修饰可数名词复数，故填charities。句意：那里有很多慈善机构，因此我们应该明智而谨慎地选择。 （6）When all her dinner ___________（partner）showed up, she also pulled up a chair for herself. （2026改编） 答案：partners 解析：考查名词复数。空格前的all修饰可数名词复数，故填partners。句意：当和她一起吃饭的人都露面了，她也为自己拉了把椅子过来。 （7）When applying for a job, some ___________（interviewee）feel very nervous, so they should know about the company in advance. （2026改编） 答案：interviewees 解析：考查名词复数。空格前的some修饰可数名词复数，故填interviewees。句意：在求职时，一些面试者会感到非常紧张，所以他们应该提前了解一下（要求职的）公司。 （8）I need to make several ___________（correction）, and then we can send the article to the printer. （2026改编） 答案：corrections 解析：考查名词复数。根据句意可知，correction意为“修改”，为可数名词；空格前的several修饰可数名词复数，故填corrections。句意：我需要再做几处修改，然后我们就可以把文章发给印刷厂了。 （9）It’s different from other ___________（museum）. （辽宁名校联盟9月联考） 答案：museums 解析：考查名词复数。museum意为“博物馆”，为可数名词，且根据空格前的other可知，应用名词复数形式，故填museums。 （10）This machine is very easy to operate. Anybody can learn to use it in a few ___________（minute）. （2026改编） 答案：minutes 解析：考查名词复数。minute意为“分钟”，为可数名词，其前有a few修饰，需用可数名词复数形式，故填minutes。 （11）Dust accumulates quickly, even if you clean the house every few ___________（day）. （2026原创） 答案：days 解析：考查名词复数。every few意为“每隔”，可以修饰可数名词复数；提示词day为可数名词，应填名词复数形式，故填days。 （12）As one of the many ___________（wonder）of ancient China, silk is not only a type of cloth, but also a cultural symbol and a representation of elegance and grace. （广西柳州校联考） 答案：wonders 解析：考查名词复数。空格前的many修饰可数名词复数，wonder作“奇观”讲时为可数名词，所以空格处应填wonder的复数形式，故填wonders。 （13）Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few ___________（time）before they are thrown away. （2026改编） 答案：times 解析：考查名词复数。a few作限定词时，修饰可数名词复数；time在此处意为“次”，为可数名词，故填times。 2. 单句写作。 （1）此外，他还擅长英语写作和口语，并在去年的英语演讲比赛中获得了一等奖。（both... and...） （河南豫南示范高中模拟） Besides, and won first prize in last year’s English speech contest. 答案：he is good at both written and spoken English （2）昆明是一个宜居的城市，这里终年不冷不热。（neither... nor...） （2026原创） ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：Kunming is a livable city where the weather is neither cold nor hot all year round. （3）最后归结为两个选择，你要么改善自己的工作，要么离开。（either... or...） （2026原创） ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：In the end, it comes down to two choices: you either improve your work or leave. （4）我们学校里有两个篮球场，一个正在建设，另一个已经完工了。（one... the other...） （2026原创） ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：There are two basketball courts in our school, one is being built and/while the other has already been completed. 课前主题阅读与主题词普查——环境保护 普查与练习10 Ⅲ　it的用法和疑问代词 两组题学透 5. 具体语境中的it 复习要点 *准确理解句意，厘清it在句中所指代的内容。 单句语法填空。 （1）“Nature has its own rhythm and wisdom,” she said. “ We should respect ___________.” （湖南长沙长郡中学模拟） 答案：it 解析：考查代词。结合句意可知，此处表示“尊重大自然”，因前文出现过nature，为了避免重复，此处用it来指代，故填it。 （2）We always carry the bamboo basket when we work in the field. We all regard ___________ as a symbolic farming tool of the Wa ethnic group. （广东模拟） 答案：it 解析：考查代词。根据语境可知，此处表示“我们都把它看作佤族象征性的农具”，空格处指代前面的the bamboo basket，it可以用来特指前文出现的同一事物，故填it。 6. it的常用固定句式 复习要点 *在书面表达中灵活运用it的常用固定句式完成佳篇写作。 书面表达。 运用it的相关句式补全短文。 （2026改编） 假如你是李华， 你的英国朋友Tom来信说他在英国学校参加了中国书法俱乐部。 擅长书法的你决定写一幅书法作品寄给他，并附上一封信。信的内容包括： 1. 该作品的内容； 2. 送该作品的原因； 3. 表示愿意提供帮助。 One possible version： Dear Tom, （3） （得知你加入了你校的书法俱乐部，我很高兴）. The piece of calligraphy I sent to you was written by myself. I really hope you will like it. （4） （众所周知，努力工作就有回报）, known as “天道酬勤” （Tian Dao Chou Qin）in Chinese. The four characters are on it. I wrote this piece in the calligraphic style of my favorite calligrapher, Yan Zhenqing. His style is Kaishu, a regular script. I think （5） （这是适合你练习的风格）. I know（6） （对你来说，学习中国书法并不容易）. If you have any problems during your study, I would be happy to help you. I sincerely hope you will enjoy learning Chinese calligraphy! Yours, Li Hua （3）答案：It’s a pleasure to know that you have joined your school’s calligraphy club （4）答案：It’s well-known that hard work pays off （5）答案：it is the style that suits your practice （6）答案：it is not easy for you to learn Chinese calligraphy 随堂普查练10 Ⅲ 1.单句语法填空。 （1）Because its flowers emerge before its leaves and ____________ takes a long time to come into flower, the tree, often shown with a crane（仙鹤）, is linked with long life. （山西太原五中高三模拟） 答案：it 解析：考查代词。“It takes （sb.） some time to do sth.”为固定句型，表示“做某事花费（某人）多长时间”。分析句子结构可知，本句中it为形式主语，to come into flower为真正的主语，故填it。 （2）____________ is a problem that many students ignore the important jobs done by these nonteaching staff. （浙江名校协作体试题） 答案：It 解析：考查代词。“It is a + n. + that...” 为固定句型，其中it作形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语，空格处缺少形式主语，注意空格处位于句首，首字母应大写，故填It。 （3）Running for more than 20,000 kilometers, the Great Wall is a historical landmark of unparalleled glory, but climbing ____________ is hard work. （福建泉州质量检测） 答案：it 解析：考查代词。根据语境可知，空格处作climbing的宾语，指代前面的the Great Wall，为避免重复，it可用来指代前文出现的同一事物，故填it。 （4）____________ is certain that the torch relay, as a cultural part of the Olympic Games, plays an important role in promoting the host’s international image while spreading the message of peace, union, friendship and health. （江苏南京、盐城三模） 答案：It 解析：考查代词。“It is certain that...”为固定句型，意为“可以肯定的是……”。分析句子结构可知，此处用it作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语，注意空格处位于句首，首字母应大写，故填It。 2. 阅读理解。 A （山东济南模拟） Lam Hon-Ming, director of the State Key Laboratory at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, is a top expert in soybean（大豆）research. Since 1998, Lam’s team has been cooperating with scientists in Chinese mainland. In 2010, he came across Zhang Guohong, an agricultural expert from Gansu, China, at a national soybean conference. With the same major, they hit it off and decided to improve farmers’ lives and promote local agriculture. Farmers in Gansu depend largely on the weather for their livelihood, mainly on rainfall, which is also a cause of severe poorness in the area. In 2016, they developed three new soybean varieties suited to salty soil and rare rainfall of Northwest China. All received official government approval. As the land in Northwest China is not suitable for the growth of common varieties of soybeans, local farmers never planted soybeans, and it became a major problem for spreading new soybeans. Lam and Zhang increased communication with farmers through various ways. To ensure farmers’ income, Lam struck a partnership with a Hong Kong food company that will purchase all soybeans at market price when they are harvested. （1）What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A. Rainfall is not enough. B. The locals lived a poor life. C. Little land is rich in nutrition. D. The farmers never planted soybeans. 答案：D 解析：代词指代题。根据第三段画线词所在句“As the land... local farmers never planted soybeans, and it became a major problem for spreading new soybeans.”可知，由于西北地区的土地不适合种植普通大豆品种，当地农民从不种植大豆，这成为推广新品种大豆的一大难题。it指代上文的“（当地）农民从不种植大豆”这一情况，故选D项。 B （2026改编） Papa insisted that we learn at least one new thing each day. Though, as children, we thought this was crazy, it would never have occurred to us to deny Papa a request. And dinner time seemed perfect for sharing what we had learned. We would talk about the news of the day; no matter how insignificant, it was never taken lightly. Papa would listen carefully and was ready with some comments, always to the points. （2）The underlined word “it” refers to __________. A. one new thing　　　 B. a request C. the news　　　　 D. some comments 答案：C 解析：代词指代题。根据本段画线词所在句“We would talk about the news of the day; no matter how insignificant, it was never taken lightly.”可知，每天作者一家人会谈论当日见闻，不论有多么不值一提，都会被认真对待。由此可知，此处it指代的就是the news of the day，故选C项。 句意：我们将会谈论一天的新闻；无论这个新闻多么微不足道，我们都不会草率对待。 3. 书面表达。 运用it的相关句式补全短文。 （2026改编） 假设你是李华，你的美国老师Mr. Evans要求你们明天下午去听一个有关美国历史的讲座。你因故不能参加。请你根据以下要点，写一封邮件向Mr. Evans请假。 内容要点： 1. 表示歉意； 2. 理由：去机场接从法国回来的哥哥； 3. 询问是否有录音，以便补听讲座。 One possible version： Dear Mr. Evans, I am so sorry that I won’t be able to attend the lecture on American history tomorrow afternoon. My brother is returning home from France, and I have promised to meet him at the airport at 3:30 tomorrow afternoon. I am very much interested in American society and history. I wonder if （1）___________ __________________________（讲座有可能被记录下来）, and if so, could I borrow the tape?（2）______________________________（听录音对我来说很重要）and I will make up for what is covered in the talk.（3）______________________________（如果你能允许我请假，我将不胜感激）. Thank you. Yours, Li Hua （1）答案：it is possible for the talk to be recorded （2）答案：It means a great deal to/is very important for me to listen to the recording （3）答案：I would appreciate it if you could allow me to ask for leave of absence 突破积累练　it的综合应用 1.阅读理解。 利用语境解决it的指代问题 A （河北衡水中学调研） For the past two years I have been travelling and living abroad. Home has become more of a feeling than a place. I feel at home when I am with my family in London, but I also feel at home in Italy with friends I love. Home is no longer a picture of a house with a front door and some windows. It is more complicated than that. （1）What does the underlined word “It” probably mean? A. Family.　　　　 B. Living abroad. C. Home.　　　　　 　　　　　　　 D. Staying with friends. 答案：C 解析：代词指代题。根据上文语境“Home is no longer a picture of a house with a front door and some windows.”可知，作者认为家不再是一种有前门和一些窗户的房子的印象。 画线词“It”所在句应表示“它比那更复杂。”由此可知，“It”指代上文提到的“家”，故选C项。 B （江苏百校联考一模） Allowing women to give birth in hospital with their pet dog by their side could make them less anxious, one of the first women to use a “birth dog” has said. Charlotte Beard, who suffers from nonepileptic seizures, was supported through her 50-hour labour by her aid pet Flump, who is trained to detect seizures before they happen. “I am not suggesting that if I were to have a seizure, staff would not have been able to look after me. But no staff member can detect beforehand whether you are going to have a seizure or not. That is something that Flump can do that nobody else can, and it gives them such valuable time to make sure that I am safe and have the right support in place before it happens. Prevention is always much better than treatment.” （2）What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A. Detecting the disease. B. Medical treatment. C. Looking after the patient. D. A seizure. 答案：D 解析：代词指代题。从本篇文章背景了解到，Beard患有非癫痫性发作，根据设问定位到第三段第二句“But no staff member can detect beforehand whether you are going to have a seizure or not.（但是没有任何工作人员能事先发现你是否会癫痫发作）”，再结合后文Flump进产房是因为它可以早于其他人发现主人的身体情况是否有异样，预判非癫痫性发作的发生，由此推断出it指代的是上文提到的a seizure，故选D项。 C （浙江温州普通高中二模） If you look up in the sky, you probably see, at some point, an aircraft. And behind that aircraft are white, fluffy streaks（条纹）. And that’s what we call a contrail. Contrails are made up of ice crystals that form when aircraft engines emit exhaust（废气）that hits the cold air. The ice crystals reflect incoming light from the sun back into space, which has a cooling effect on the atmosphere. But the contrails also stop heat coming up from the ground from escaping into space. It is reflected back down toward the ground. And so that’s a warming effect. Stettler, an engineer from Imperial College London, says, on balance, contrails warm the atmosphere more than they cool it. And that’s mainly because the cooling effect due to reflecting of sunlight can only happen during the day, when the sun’s shining, whereas the warming effect due to trapping of outgoing heat happens all of the time. （3）What does “It” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. A cooling effect. B. Heat from the ground. C. Light from the sun. D. Exhaust hitting the cold air. 答案：B 解析：代词指代题。根据文章第二段第二、三句“But the contrails also stop heat coming up from the ground from escaping into space. It is reflected back down toward the ground. （但是飞机尾迹也阻止来自地面的热量逃往太空，它被反射回了地面）”可知，代词it指的是“来自地面的热量”，故选B项。 2. 书面表达。 利用it的固定句式补全短文 （浙江杭州高级中学仿真卷） 假定你是李华，你校外教Becky去美国度假即将返回，给你发来E-mail，询问你希望她从美国给你带什么礼物。 请给她回复一封电子邮件。 要点如下： 1. 询问度假情况； 2. 希望得到什么礼物； 3. 表达感谢。 One possible version: Dear Becky, （1） 　　　 （很高兴得知你在美国度假后要回中国）. How was your holiday? You must have had great fun together with your family back in your motherland after working so long in China. I hope you can share your wonderful experiences with us afterwards. （2） 　　　　（你能给我买礼物真是太好了）.（3） （如果你能给我买一本贵国最畅销的小说，我将不胜感激）. I am sure it will help me improve my English. I will also prepare a gift for you in return. Thanks again for your kindness, and we are all looking forward to seeing you soon. Welcome back! Best wishes. Yours, Li Hua （1）答案：It’s a pleasure to know that you are returning to China after the holidays in the USA （2）答案：It is very kind of you to buy a gift for me （3）答案：I would appreciate it if you could buy me a best-selling novel in your country 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$