Unit 2 Period Ⅱ Learning About Language-【精彩三年】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册课程探究与巩固Word教参（人教版2019）

Period Ⅱ　Learning About Language(见学生用书P42) We believe in the Australian promise that if you work hard, you won’t be left behind. 我们相信澳大利亚人的承诺，只要你努力工作，你就不会落后。 [Build up your vocabulary] 1．__minister__ n．部长；大臣；外交使节 prime minister__首相；总理__ 2．__frog__ n．蛙；青蛙 3．__arrow__ n．箭；箭头 4．__entitle__ vt.给……命名(或题名)；使享有权利 5．getaway n. __适合度假的地方__ 6．__dive__ vi.&n. (dived/dove, dived) 潜水；跳水；俯冲 7．kayaking n.__划皮艇__ 8．__peak_season__ 高峰季节 9．__freedom__ n．自由；不受……影响的状态 10．__domain__ n．领域；领土；范围 11．__sponsor__ vt.倡议；赞助；主办 n．(法案等的)倡议者；赞助者 12．__liberty__ n．自由 13．__golf__ n．高尔夫球运动 14．__strait__ n．海峡 15．__sample__ n．样本；样品 16．monument n. __纪念碑(或馆、堂、像等)；历史遗迹__ 1．Ethnic minority groups in China are often entitled to special funds from the government to help protect their cultural heritage. 中国的少数民族往往有权获得政府的特别资金，以帮助保护他们的文化遗产。(教材P16) entitle vt. (to give a title to a book, film, etc.)给……命名(或题名)；(to give someone the right to do or to have something)使享有权利 (1)entitle sb to (do) sth使某人享有(做)……权利； 使某人符合(做)……资格 (sb)be entitled to (do)sth (某人)有权(做)……；(某人)有资格(做)…… (2)be entitled sth (书、戏剧等)被命名为…… 【活学活用】 (1)Being unemployed entitles you to free medical treatment. ＝You are entitled to free medical treatment when you are unemployed. 当你失业时，你有权享受免费医疗。 (2)This ticket does not entitle you __to__first class. 你拿这张票不能坐头等舱。 (3)He is __entitled_to__ his opinion even if you don’t agree with him. 即使你不同意他的意见，他也有权保留自己的意见。 (4)Her latest novel, (which is) __entitled__ The Forgotten Beauty, is coming out this week. 她的名为《被遗忘的美丽》的最新小说将于本周出版。 (5)单句语法填空。 ①He read a poem __entitled__(entitle) Salt，which was a popular one among teenagers. ②With his ability and experience, he is entitled to __be_respected__(respect) by his colleagues. ③Every child in the country is entitled __to__ free education at school. 【写作佳句】 Everyone should be entitled to a decent standard of living. 每个人都应该享有体面的生活水平。 2．Visitors to the beaches can enjoy many activities，including diving，kayaking，and rock climbing. 去海滩的游客可以享受许多活动，包括潜水、划皮艇和攀岩。(教材P16) dive vi.&n.潜水；(to jump into water with your head and arms going in first)跳水；(to go steeply down through the air)俯冲 (1)dive for (＝make a dive for)．.. 迅速朝……移动；猛然一跳 dive into迅速将手伸入；贸然投入；潜心钻研；潜入 (2)diver n．潜水员；跳水运动员 (3)diving n. 潜水；跳水(运动) 【活学活用】 (1)The goalkeeper made a sudden dive for the ball, but he couldn’t quite get his hands on it. 守门员突然向球扑去，但他没能完全抓住它。 (2)When the rain started, we dived into a café. 当开始下雨时，我们立即跑进了一家小餐馆。 (3)He __dived_into__ the river and saved the drowning child without hesitation. 他毫不犹豫地跳进河里救起那个溺水的孩子。 (4)She__dived_into__ her bag and took out a couple of coins. 她迅速将手伸进包里拿出几枚硬币。 (5)Now that we’ve covered the basics, now let’s roll up our sleeves and __dive_into__the details. 既然我们已经了解了基本知识，现在让我们卷起袖子探究细节吧。 【写作佳句】 Having gone through the long process with art, rock climbing, reading and writing, now I’ve got to a point in my life where I know I am smart enough to dive into an area that is totally unknown, hard, but interesting. 在经历了艺术、攀岩、阅读和写作的漫长过程之后，现在我已经到达了人生的这样一种境地——我觉得自己足够聪明，可以潜入一个完全未知、艰难但有趣的领域。 3．Unfortunately，elephants are endangered in Thailand, but special parks have been set up to protect their safety and freedom. 不幸的是，泰国的大象正濒临灭绝，但为了保护它们的安全和自由，人们建立了专门的公园。(教材P16) freedom n．自由；不受……影响的状态 (1)freedom of speech/thought/expression/worship 言论/思想/表达/信仰自由 freedom from 从……中摆脱；不受……之苦 have the freedom to do sth 有做某事的自由 (2)free adj.免费的；自由的 keep．..free from使……免受…… be free of不含……的 free of charge免费 【活学活用】 (1)Thanks to the automobile, almost each person has the freedom of movement previously unprecedented.多亏了汽车，几乎每个人都能享有前所未有的行动自由。 (2)I felt such a sense of __freedom__， up in the hills alone. 独自在山上，我感到如此自由。 (3)Lately, his painting has shown a new __freedom_of_expression__． 最近，他的绘画展示出一种新的表达自由。 (4)For most citizens, liberty means the freedom __to_practise__(practise) their religious or political beliefs. 对大多数公民来说，自由意味着可以不受限制地信奉自己的宗教或政治信仰。 (5)It is impossible to keep the kids free __from__ danger, so parents should tell the kids what they should do when danger happens. 让孩子远离危险是不可能的，因此父母应该告诉孩子当危险发生时，他们应该做什么。 【写作佳句】 Students have the freedom to focus on whatever topic or subject that they are interested in and study it in depth through the Internet. 学生可以自由地专注于他们感兴趣的任何主题或学科，并通过互联网深入研究。 4．Visitors can see these amazing creatures in their natural domain, and also sponsor an elephant to preserve its health and liberty. 游客可以在它们的自然领域里看到这些神奇的生物，也可以赞助一头大象以保护它的健康和自由。(教材P16) sponsor vt.(to introduce a proposal for a new law，etc.)倡议；赞助；主办n. (法案等的)倡议者；赞助者 sponsor sb for sth/to do sth赞助某人（做）某事 【活学活用】 (1)The race organisers are trying to attract sponsors. 比赛的组织者在想方设法吸引赞助者。 (2)The participants’ employers __sponsor__ them __for__ the six­month training programme every year. 参与者的雇主们每年赞助他们参加为期六个月的培训项目。 (3)The World Health Organisation __sponsored__ talks on an international convention meant to reduce smoking and tobacco­related disease then. 世界卫生组织那时主办了一项旨在减少吸烟和与烟草相关疾病的国际公约的会谈。 (4)单句语法填空。 ①It is a pity that he doesn’t have enough money__to_sponsor__(sponsor) the project. ②The event__was_sponsored__(sponsor) by several local businesses last year. ③All the major theatres now have __sponsors__(sponsor), especially for high­cost productions. 【写作佳句】 The art exhibition, sponsored by a large company, turned out to be a great success. 由一家大公司赞助的画展取得了巨大的成功。 [Review useful structures] ——过去分词 读下列教材原句并感知黑体部分的语法功能。 1．Located to the south of the equator, below many other countries on the globe, it’s ofteninformally referred to as “down under”． 2．I’m more interested in meeting people in Australia and experiencing their culture, food, andway of life. 3．Most of their musical instruments are really just sticks found on the ground, among whichthere is an amazing instrument called the didgeridoo. 4．A skilled player can play for a long time without stopping to breathe. 5．Although the main cultural influence since 1788 has been Western culture, minority cultureshave also played a part in shaping the unique Australian culture, with many of the new culturalinfluences contributed by immigrants. 我的发现： (1)句1中为过去分词短语作__状语__。 (2)句2中为过去分词作__表语__。 (3)句4中为单个的过去分词作定语，常常位于被修饰名词的__前面__；句3中为过去分词短语作定语，常常位于被修饰名词的__后面__。 (4)句5中为过去分词短语作__宾语补足语__。 动词的过去分词在形式上由“动词原形＋­ed”构成。过去分词是非谓语动词的一种。过去分词保留着动词的部分特性，有完成或被动含义。在句法功能上，过去分词(短语)与形容词或副词作用类似，在句子中可以充当定语、状语、宾补、表语等成分。 探究点1　过去分词作定语 1．意义：及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动， 只表示完成。 (1)表示被动和完成 a polluted river一条被污染了的河流 the watered flowers浇过水的花 the used books被用过的书 an adopted child一个被收养的孩子 (2)只表示完成，不表示被动 fallen leaves落叶 the retired workers 退休的工人 2．位置：单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰名词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时， 通常放在被修饰名词的后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。 When the delayed flight takes off is unknown. 延误的航班什么时候起飞还不知道。 The student dressed in white is my daughter. ＝The student who is dressed in white is my daughter. 穿白色衣服的那个学生是我的女儿。 过去分词作定语和现在分词作定语的区别： (1)意义不同：现在分词表示主动；过去分词表示被动。 The house standing at the corner of the street was built in 2016. 矗立在街角的那所房子是2016年建的。 The question discussed was very important. 被讨论的那个问题很重要。 (2)时间关系上不同：现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词表示动作已经完成。 单句语法填空 1．Most of the artists__invited__(invite) to the party are from Canada. 2．The old lady was so kind that she adopted many __abandoned__(abandon) cats and dogs. 3．Use the enclosed envelope to return your __completed__(complete) survey. 4．The __injured__(injure) player is now being taken good care of in the hospital. 5．The lawyer __appointed__ (appoint) to represent the child had a good reputation for his virtue and goodness. 6．The project __designed__ (design) to help homeless people didn’t work out as planned. 7．The scientists __involved__ (involve) in the research on space exploration have been making new attempts at manned spaceflights. 8．The Dragon Boat Festival is usually celebrated with the traditional boat racing, where rowers compete in long and specially __decorated__(decorate) wooden boats. 9．At that time, a few institutions of higher education began to admit women in __restricted__(restrict) numbers. 10．Looking at his serious face __reflected__(reflect) in the mirror, he felt there was no hope of finding a better solution to the problem. 探究点2　过去分词作表语 1．用在系动词后面， 构成系表结构， 表示主语所处的状态。过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态；而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。 She looked disappointed. 她看上去很失望。 We were encouraged by the news. 听到这个消息我们很受鼓舞。 试比较： 2．感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别。 英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词含有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”， 多用来修饰人。常见的这类词有： (1)完全形容词化了的动词­ed形式可以被very等副词修饰，可以有比较等级。常见的有bored, disappointed, excited, frightened, interested, pleased, puzzled, satisfied, surprised, tired, worried 等。 (2)有的动词­ed形式可以被副词well修饰，如built, cooked, done, dressed, known, prepared, written等。 (3)其他副词也可以修饰动词­ed形式，如deeply moved, highly developed, heavily populated等。 单句语法填空 1．One reason was that I was __amazed__ (amaze) at the fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor. 2．His words were _discouraging_，which made many people __discouraged__．(discourage) 3．As I joined the big crowd, I got __separated__(separate) from my friends. 4．The fierce lion looks __frightening__ (frighten). Keep away from its cage or it will attack you. 5．It took them a long time to get __used__(use) to getting up in the middle of the night. 6．While waiting for the opportunity to get__promoted__(promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty. 7．Knowing that the new couple led a__satisfying__ (satisfy) life, all their relatives were __relieved__(relieve). 8．The judge was __satisfied__ (satisfy) that the woman was telling the truth. 9．The plants that they found there were __fascinating__(fascinate). 10．She had a __worried__ (worry) look on her face because she failed the exam. 探究点3　过去分词作状语 过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作或状态，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者。过去分词作状语，在意义上相当于一个状语从句。它可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随等。 1．表示时间，可转换为由when、while等引导的时间状语从句。 Asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. ＝When he was asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. 当被问到他对他的教学工作的看法时，菲利普说他觉得这份工作很有趣，也很有意义。 2．表示原因，可转换为由as、since、because等引导的原因状语从句。 Seriously injured, he had to be taken to the hospital.＝Because he was seriously injured, he had to be taken to the hospital. 由于伤得很严重，他不得不被送往医院。 Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry.＝Because they were deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry. 由于被这个故事深深地打动，孩子们开始哭了起来。 3．表示条件，可转换为由if、once、unless等引导的条件状语从句。 Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.＝If they are grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果被种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。 Given more time, we could do it better.＝If we were given more time, we could do it better. 如果给我们更多时间的话，我们可以做得更好。 4．表示让步，可转换为由although、though、even if等引导的让步状语从句。 Rejected many times, the man did not lose heart.＝Though the man was rejected many times, he did not lose heart.虽然被拒绝了很多次，这个人并没有失去信心。 Wounded, the brave soldier continued to fight.＝Though he was wounded, the brave soldier continued to fight. 虽然受伤了，但那个勇敢的士兵依然继续作战。 5．表示方式或伴随。作方式状语，如有连词as if，可转换为as if引导的方式状语从句；若无连词，则可以转换为并列结构。作伴随状语时，一般转换为并列结构。 The old man went into the room, supported by his wife. ＝The old man was supported by his wife and went into the room. 那位老人在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。 He has been preparing his paper all day long, locked in his study. ＝He has been preparing his paper all day long, and he is locked in his study. 被锁在书房里，他一整天都在准备论文。 (1)“连词＋过去分词”：过去分词作时间、条件或让步状语时，为了明确其意义，有时可在过去分词前加上when、while、if、once、unless、although等连词，相当于状语从句的省略。 If merely drawn on your imagination，the report will not be convincing. 假若仅靠你的想象去写，报告是不会有说服力的。 When given a medical examination，you should keep calm. 当做医学检查时，你应该保持镇静。 　 (2)有些过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动而表示主动。常见的含有这类过去分词的短语有：be absorbed in 专注于； be lost in 迷失在……中；be dressed in 穿着……；be caught/trapped/stuck in 被困在……；be employed in doing 忙于做……；be located/situated in 坐落在……； be equipped/furnished with 配备有……； be burdened with 背负着……；be faced with 面临着……；be accustomed/used to doing 习惯于做……。 Lost/Absorbed in deep thought，he didn’t hear the sound. 因为陷入沉思之中，所以他没听到那个声音。 Having been trapped in the river for five hours, the thief looked very pale and exhausted. 小偷被困在河里五个小时了，看起来脸色苍白，精疲力竭。 (3)过去分词和现在分词作状语时，逻辑上的主语都为句子主语，但是过去分词与主语之间存在被动关系，而现在分词与主语之间存在主动关系。 现在分词的完成被动式和过去分词都可表示 “完成”和“被动”，但前者更加强调分词动作明显先于谓语动作；而后者的时间性不强。 单句语法填空 1．__Seen__(see) from the top of the hill, the city looks magnificent. 2．__Having_been_attacked__(attack) by terrorists, the tall building collapsed. 3．__Faced__(face) with difficulties, we must try to overcome them. 4．__Beaten__(beat) by the opposite team，the players were not discouraged and practised even harder. 5．The woman entered the room, __accompanied__(accompany) by her son. 6．__Heated__(heat), ice will change into water. 7．__Seated__ (seat) next to the gate thoughtfully, the old man didn’t notice the people walk in and out at all. 8．When (she was) __asked__(ask), she confirmed that she was going to retire. 9．Once (it is) __exposed__(expose) to light, the film will be damaged and get useless. 10．Ordinary soap, __used__(use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. 11．__Having_waited__(wait) in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realised he had left his wallet at home. 12．__Determined__(determine) to give up smoking, he threw away his remaining cigarettes. 13．The Japanese character for “tea” is written exactly the same as it is in Chinese, though __pronounced__ (pronounce) with a slight difference. 探究点4　过去分词作宾语补足语 过去分词可以在“主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中充当宾语补足语。在这一结构中，过去分词和宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。 1．过去分词可作感官动词和表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包括see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find, think, suppose, consider等。 I have never heard him spoken ill of by others. 我从未听过别人说他的坏话。 When we saw the road blocked with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home. 当我们看到路被雪堵塞时，我们决定在家过假期。 2．过去分词可作使役动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包括have, make, get, keep, leave等。 I have my hair cut once a month. 我一个月理一次发。 He is trying to make himself understood. 他正努力让别人明白自己的意思。 3．过去分词可作表示希望、要求、命令等动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包括like, want, wish, expect, order等。 He won’t like such questions discussed at the meeting. 他不喜欢在会上讨论这样的问题。 The students wish the serial continued. 学生们希望这部电视连续剧继续播下去。 4．过去分词用在“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。 The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back. 小偷被带进来了，双手被绑在背后。 单句语法填空 1．You should keep me __informed__(inform) of his whereabouts(行踪). 2．He worked so hard that he got his pay __raised__(raise). 3．Hearing the noise, my mum rushed into the room and found her favourite vase __broken__(break) into pieces. 4．The programme was so exciting that the children kept their eyes __fixed__(fix) on the screen. 5．When we got to school, we found the door __locked__(lock). 6．She raised her voice to make herself __heard__(hear). 7．He rushed into the room, with his face __covered__(cover) with sweat. 8．We all wish the matter __settled__(settle) as soon as possible. 9．But that’s how nature is—always leaving us __astonished__(astonish). 10．About twenty minutes later, a tall man in a long overcoat, with collar __turned__ (turn) up to his ears, hurried towards her. 11．I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph__taken__(take). 12．Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got __swept__(sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden. 13．The monitor likes to keep the tables and stools __polished__(polish)and everything arranged in perfect order. 14．John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work __finished__ (finish), he gladly accepted it. 15． I wanted two tickets __reserved__ (reserve) if you could go with me. 温馨说明：课后请完成高效作业7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$