专题03 动词的时态和语态（讲练）-【上好课】2025年中考英语二轮复习讲练测（广东专用）

专题03动词的时态和语态 考点要求 课标要求 命题预测 动词的时态 重点掌握初中动词八大时态的构成和基本用法，尤其是一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时以及现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时等6种时态在具体语境中的运用和体现。同时要掌握动词的一般过去时，现在完成时和过去完成时的本质区别和用法。 考题主要在语法选择，语法填空，选词填空，完成句子中出现。当然书面表达中准确运用时态也会影响学生得分。 动词的时态重点考查6种核心时态在特定的时间状语中的使用等;易混时态辨析（如一般过去时和现在完成时辨析，have gone to、have been to、have been in等。） 被动语态考点聚焦于两方面：一是其基本构成与用法，涵盖不同时态下被动语态的结构与运用；二是主动与被动语态的转换规则，包括一般情况、双宾语、含宾语补足语等特殊情况，还有主动形式表被动意义的多种情况及相关易错点 。 动词的语态 重点掌握以下被动语态的结构和基本用法： 一般现在时：am／is／are ＋ p.p 一般过去时：was／were ＋ p.p 一般将来时：shall ／will be ＋ p.p 现在完成时：have ／has been ＋ p.p 含情态动词的被动结构：情态动词 ＋ be ＋ p.p 现在进行时 am/is/are+being+done 过去进行时 was/ were+being+done 第一部分 动词的时态 1.(2024年广州真题)The two kids carefully climbed onto the rocks and over. A．look B．looking C．looked D．to look 【答案】C 【解析】句意：两个孩子小心翼翼地爬到岩石上往外看。 look 看，原形；looking 看，现在分词/动名词；looked 看，过去式/过去分词；to look 看，不定式。根据“climbed onto”和“and”可知，此处是并列动词，所以用过去式。故选C。 2.(2024年广州真题)Mama Bird brought them together and them to fly. A．teach B．teaches C．taught D．will teach 【答案】C 【解析】句意：鸟妈妈把他们放到一起，并教他们飞翔。 teach教；teaches三单形式；taught过去式；will teach一般将来时。根据“brought”可知时态是过去式。故选C。 3.(2024年广东省中考真题) When he turned seven, he £7 a week. A．gets B．got C．will get 【答案】B 【解析】．句意：7岁时，他每周挣7英镑。 gets一般现在时；got一般过去时；will get一般将来时。根据“When he turned seven”可知，是一般过去时，故选B。 4.(2024年深圳真题)He first visited China in 2016, and since then, he (develop) a deep interest in traditional Chinese culture. 【答案】has developed 【解析】句意：他于2016年首次来到中国，从那时起，他就对中国的传统文化产生了浓厚的兴趣。根据“since then”可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语为he，助动词用has。故填has developed。 5.(2022年深圳真题)The low temperature (make) it quite challenging for him. However, playing in a “fairytale-like” environment was a very special experience, according to Lang Lang, 【答案】made 【解析】．句意：低温对他来说很有挑战性。根据“However, playing in a “fairytale-like” environment was a very special experience, according to Lang Lang,”可知，句子时态是一般过去时，made符合句意，故填made。 6.(2024年广东省中考真题) As biking has become a lifestyle, experts that this biking craze will continue. They expect a sharp increase in the number of bike riders.（备选词believe） 【答案】believe 【解析】句意：随着骑自行车成为一种生活方式，专家们相信这种骑车热潮将会持续下去。根据“As biking has become a lifestyle, experts...that this biking craze will continue.”和备选词可知，专家们相信这种骑车热潮将会持续下去，believe “相信” 符合语境，时态是一般现在时，主语是复数，动词用原形。故填believe。 7. (2023年广东省中考真题) These experiences have influenced his life. Now David space science. A．study B．is studying C．was studying 【答案】B 【解析】句意：现在大卫正在学习空间科学。 study学习，动词原形；is studying现在进行时；was studying过去进行时。根据“Now”可知，表示现阶段他正在学习空间科学，用现在进行时。故选B。 8. (2023年广东省中考真题) According to some research, before toothbrushes appeared, the ancient Chinese people their teeth with some small tree branches (树枝). (备选词clean) 【答案】cleaned 【解析】句意：根据一些研究，在牙刷出现之前，中国古人用一些小树枝清洁牙齿。根据“before toothbrushes appeared, the ancient Chinese people...their teeth...”可知没有牙刷，古人会用树枝清洁牙齿。clean the teeth表示“清理牙齿”；句子是一般过去时，动词需用过去式。故填cleaned。 9.(2022年广东省中考真题) She herself that she still had a long way to go and that she should keep practicing… A．tell B．tells C．told 【答案】C 【解析】句意：她告诉自己，她还有很长的路要走，她应该继续练习。 tell动词原形；tells动词三单；told动词过去式。时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故选C。 10. (2022年广东省中考真题) Tea wasn’t introduced into Europe until the early 17th century. And now it has popular in Europe and America.(备选词become) 【答案】become 【解析】句意：现在它已经在欧洲和美国流行了。根据“And now it has...popular in Europe and America.”可知，茶现在在欧洲和美国流行了，become“变得”符合语境，用于现在完成时结构中，故填become。 11.(2022年广州中考真题) so Bob wouldn’t get lonely while I ______ at school. A. am B. was C. were D. will be 【答案】B 【详解】句意：有时，我会画一些其他鱼类和海生植物的图片，然后把它们粘在鱼缸的一边，这样鲍勃就不会在我上学的时候感到孤独了。 am第一人称单数现在时；was第一和第三人称单数过去式；were复数和第二人称单数过去式；will be一般将来时。根据“so Bob wouldn’t get lonely while I …at school.”可知，此处使用动词过去式，主语为I，使用was。故选B。 12.(2022年广州中考真题)“ That ________ we can’t put Bob into fresh water right away. Instead, we need to put him in a cup A. mean B. means C. meant D. is meaning 【答案】B 【详解】句意：那意味着我们不能马上把鲍勃放进淡水里。 mean意思是，原形；means第三人称单数；meant过去式；is meaning现在进行时。根据“Instead, we need to put him in a cup”可知，本句为一般现在时，主语为单数，使用动词第三人称单数，故选B。 13．(2023年广州中考真题)你是否听说过一群广州学生做的数学项目？ you ever about a maths project done by some students in Guangzhou? 【答案】 Have heard 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，hear表示“听说”，结合句意和ever可知本句是现在完成时，主语是you，助动词用have，位于句首构成一般疑问句，首字母大写。故填Have；heard。 14.(2022年广州中考真题) 一开始，凯特小组制作水火箭有困难。 At first, Kate’s group ______ ______ ______ ______ the bottle rocket. 【答案】 ①. had ②. difficulty ③. in ④. making 【解析】 【详解】根据中英文可知，此处空对应的中文为“制作……有困难”，have difficulty in doing“做某事有困难”，make“制作”，此处句子为一般过去时，使用动词过去式。故填had；difficulty；in；making。 考点一、各个时态的结构及用法 一 、一般现在时 定义 (常涉及现在)表示现在经常反复发生的或习惯性的动作或状态;还可用来描述真理 谓语构成 am/is/are；do/does 时间状语 always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, hardly, never，every year，once a day，twice a week，three times a month，on Sundays等 举例 Jacob is/isn’t a sailor. 雅各布是/不是一个海员。 She sings/doesn’t sing well. 她唱得好/不好。 二、一般过去时 定义 (常涉及过去)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或状态；也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作 谓语构成 was/were； did； could； would… 时间状语 yesterday， last night， in 1990， two days ago, often， always等 举例 Mike was/wasn’t silent.迈克是/不是不爱说话。 三、现在进行时 定义 (常涉及现在某一时刻)表示(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作；也可表示现阶段一直或反复进行的动作 谓语构成 is/am/are doing 时间状语 now，at the moment，look，listen，these days，at present，from two to five等 举例 I am/am not standing on the Grand Canyon now. 我正/没有站在大峡谷上。 Look! He is playing football.看！他正在踢足球。 四、过去进行时 定义 (常涉及过去某一时刻)表示过去某个时间点或过去某时间段正在进行的动作 谓语构成 was/were doing 时间状语 at nine last night， at that time＝then， at this time yesterday， this morning， the whole morning， all day yesterday，when/while引导的时间状语从句等 举例 I was/was not looking at Victoria Falls at this time yesterday.昨天这个时候我正/没有看到维多利亚瀑布。 He broke his arm when/while he was riding the motorbike.他骑摩托车的时候折断了胳膊。 五、现在完成时 定义 (涉及过去、现在、有可能到将来)表示始于过去、持续至今的动作或状态，并可能继续下去；也可以表示过去发生或已完成的某个动作对现在产生的影响或结果 谓语构成 have/has done 时间状语 for(＋时段)，since(＋表过去的时间点)，already， yet， just， before， recently， still， lately， these years， just， up to now， so far， in/over/during the last/past few months等 举例 She has/hasn’t lived here for five years.她住/没住这儿五年了。 Have you seen it yet?你还没看见吗？ —Would you like to have dinner with me?你愿意和我们一起共进晚餐吗？ —Thanks, but I’ve had it already.谢谢，我已经吃过晚饭了。 Angel has been dead for 2 days. 安杰尔死了两天了。 高频考点 have gone to 含义：表示“去了某地（还未回来）”，强调人不在说话地点，可能在去某地的途中、已经到达该地或者在返回途中但还未回到出发地。 例句：He has gone to Beijing.（他去北京了，现在不在说话的地方 ） have been to 含义：表示“去过某地（已经回来）”，强调过去曾经有过到某地的经历，现在人已经回到说话地点。可与次数连用，说明去过某地几次。 例句：I have been to Paris twice.（我去过巴黎两次 ） have been in 含义：表示“在某地（待了多长时间）”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，强调在某个地方持续停留的状态。 例句：She has been in Shanghai for three years.（她在上海已经待了三年了 ） 六、一般将来时 定义 (涉及将来) 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事 谓语构成 will/shall do； is/am/are going to do； am/is/are doing 时间状语 tomorrow， soon，next year/week/month，in a few days，in the future，sometime，含有when或if的复合句等 举例 We’re going to meet outside the school gate soon.我们不久将在学校门口会合。 They won’t have a meeting tomorrow. 他们明天没有会议。 There are going to be two parties this Saturday. = There will be two parties this Saturday. 这个星期六将有两个派对。 七、过去完成时 定义 一件事情发生在过去，而另外一件事情先于它发生(即表示“过去的过去”)，那么发生在先的事情的动词须用过去完成时。这个过去的时间可用before等介词短语构成一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以通过上下文给出暗示。 谓语构成 “had +过去分词” 时间状语 by then，by that time，by the end of，before 2012，by the time等。 用在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词后的宾语从句中。也可用在状语从句中 此时，在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先用过去完成时；发生在后用一般过 去时。 举例 By then he had learned English for four years.到那时，他已学习英语四年了。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris. 她说她从来没去过巴黎。 八、过去将来时 定义 表示从过去的某个时间看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。它是立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看未来。 谓语构成 “would+动词原形” 时间状语 常用于主从复合句中，主句谓语动词为过去时态，从句中表示从过去那个时间看将来要发生的动作或状态，没有特定的像一般将来时那样明显的时间状语词，但常出现在含有宾语从句的句子中，主句是过去时态。 举例 例如：He said that he would come back tomorrow. 他说他明天就会回来。 She told me she would visit Paris the following year.她告诉我她第二年将去参观巴黎。 考点二、现在完成时与一般过去时区别 1. 侧重点不同 现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去，但它们所强调的重点不同：现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响；而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间，即现在完成时侧重于现在的结果，而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间。如： I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。（现在我仍记得电影的内容） I saw the film three days ago. 三天前我看了这部电影。（强调是三天前，而不是别的什么时候看的电影） Mr Green has bought a new computer. 格林先生买了一台新电脑。（着重点是格林先生现在有了一台新电脑） Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday. 格林先生昨天买了一台新电脑。（强调的是格林先生买新电脑的时间是昨天） 2. 时间状语不同 现在完成时常与already，yet，just，ever，never，before等副词以及＂for+段时间＂，＂since+过去时间/从句＂等时间状语连用；而一般过去时则常与＂时间段+ago＂，just now，yesterday，last week等表示过去的时间状语连用。如： She has lived here since two years ago. 她两年前就住在这里了。 She lived here two years ago. 两年前她住在这里。 He has been in the League for three years. 他入团已经三年了。 Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。 一、单项选择 1．（2024·四川·中考真题）Look at the children. They ________ kites in the park now. A．flew B．flies C．are flying D．will fly 【答案】C 【详解】句意：看孩子们。他们现在正在公园放风筝。 考查时态。根据“Look at the children”以及“now”可知此处表示正在进行的动作，用现在进行时am/is/are doing。故选C。 2．（2024·四川广元·中考真题）Panda Yaya ________ to Beijing Zoo for over one year. She is taken good care of there. A．was back B．came back C．has come back D．has been back 【答案】D 【详解】句意：熊猫丫丫已经回到北京动物园一年多了。她在那里受到很好的照顾。 考查现在完成时。根据“for over one year”可知，本句应用现在完成时，排除AB；和一段时间连用，现在完成时的谓语动词需要是延续性动词，come是短暂性动词，排除C。故选D。 3．（2024·四川广元·中考真题）—When is the school sports meeting? —It is going to be held next Thursday if it ________ that day. A．rains B．will rain C．won’t rain D．doesn’t rain 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——学校运动会什么时候举行？——如果那天不下雨的话，它将在下星期四举行。 考查动词时态。if引导的条件状语从句，遵循主将从现的原则，主句用“is going to be held”表示一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。再结合常识可知，运动会一般都会在不下雨的时候举行。故选D。 4．（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）—Mum, I ________ the living room already. —Good job! It is so tidy now. A．have cleaned B．will clean C．am cleaning D．clean 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我已经打扫了客厅。——干得好！现在很整洁。 考查时态。根据“already”以及“It is so tidy now.”可知此处表示过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时have/has done。故选A。 5．（2024·江苏徐州·中考真题）If you are lazy in spring, you ________ nothing in autumn. A．harvested B．will harvest C．are harvesting D．have harvested 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果你在春天懒惰，秋天你将一无所获。 考查动词时态。If引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”的原则，主句需用一般将来时，其谓语动词结构为“will do”。故选B。 6．（2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）In China, hotpot has a history of over 1,000 years. It first ________ in the Mongolia area, and then became popular in the southern part of China. A．has appeared B．appears C．will appear D．appeared 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在中国，火锅已有1000多年的历史。它首先出现在蒙古地区，然后在中国南方流行起来。 考查时态。根据“It first...in the Mongolia area”可知动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故选D。 7．（2024·西藏·中考真题）Red Star Over China（《红星照耀中国》）is a great book. I ________ it three times already. A．read B．reads C．has read D．have read 【答案】D 【详解】句意：《红星照耀中国》是一本好书。我已经读了三遍了。 考查现在完成时。根据“already”可知，句子应用现在完成时，结构为“have/has + 过去分词”。主语“I”对应的助动词是“have”，故选D。 8．（2024·北京·中考真题）—Amy, you didn’t answer my call yesterday evening. What were you doing? —Sorry, I didn’t hear the ring. I ________ a book in my study. A．am reading B．have read C．was reading D．will read 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——Amy，你昨天晚上没接我的电话。你在干什么？——对不起，我没听到铃声。我当时正在书房里读书。 考查动词的时态。read阅读；am reading现在进行时；have read现在完成时；was reading过去进行时；will read一般将来时。根据“yesterday evening”和问句“What were you doing?”可知，此处是在描述过去某一时间正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时。故选C。 9．（2024·西藏·中考真题）He ________ have breakfast because he woke up late this morning. A．does B．did C．doesn’t D．didn’t 【答案】D 【详解】句意：他没有吃早饭，因为他今天早上起晚了。 考查动词时态。根据“woke”可知，此句是一般过去时，句中有实义动词have，结合“woke up late”可知，起晚了所以没有吃早餐，所以用助动词didn’t。故选D。 10．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）Mr. Green ________ China for five years. A．has been to B．has gone to C．has been in D．has come to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：格林先生在中国已经五年了。 考查现在完成时。has been to去过，是短暂性动词；has gone to去了，是短暂性动词；has been in在，是延续性动词；has come to已经来到，是短暂性动词。此处与“for five years”连用，故用延续性动词或者表示延续性状态的短语，故选C。 11．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）To make our hometown more beautiful, we _______ many trees and flowers every year. A．plant B．are planting C．planted D．were planting 【答案】A 【详解】句意：为了使我们的家乡更美丽，我们每年都种很多树和花。 考查时态。根据“every year”可知，是一般现在时，主语是we，动词用原形，故选A。 12．（2025·吉林·模拟预测）I don’t know if it ________ tomorrow. If it ________, we won’t go hiking. A．will rain; rains B．will rain; will rain C．rains; rains D．rains; will rain 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我不知道明天是否会下雨。如果下雨，我们就不去远足了。 考查动词的时态。第一句if引导宾语从句，根据“tomorrow”可知，句子是一般将来时；第二句if引导条件状语从句，符合“主将从现”原则，从句用一般现在时，主语是it，动词用三单形式。故选A。 13．（2025·安徽·模拟预测）—Didn’t you hear that? —Oh, I ________ an online lesson when the doorbell rang. A．will take B．have taken C．am taking D．was taking 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你没听到吗？——噢，门铃响的时候我正在上网课。 考查时态。根据“I ... an online lesson when the doorbell rang”可知，门铃响的时候我正在上网课，强调在过去的某个时间点，正在发生的动作，用过去进行时。故选D。 14．（2025·江苏镇江·一模）Robots ________ the whole world with the Yangko dance since this year’s Spring Festival Gala. A．impressed B．impress C．have impressed D．are impressing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：自今年的春节联欢晚会以来，机器人的秧歌给全世界留下了深刻的印象。 考查动词时态。根据“since this year’s Spring Festival Gala”可知，此句时态为现在完成时。故选C。 15．（2025·江苏宿迁·一模）—Mike, you are late. The talk show ________ since an hour ago. —What a pity! No wonder all the students have left. A．has started B．has been on C．has ended D．has been over 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——Mike，你迟到了。脱口秀一小时前就结束了。——真遗憾！难怪所有学生都走了。 考查现在完成时。has started已经开始；has been on已经开始并持续；has ended已经结束；has been over已经结束。根据“What a pity! No wonder all the students have left.”可知学生们都离开了，脱口秀应是已经结束了，结合“since an hour ago”可知用持续性动词，此处用has been over。故选D。 16．（2025·江苏宿迁·一模）—I didn’t see you in the dining hall. But you said you would come! —I am really sorry about that. I ________ Mr Zhang carry books then. A．have helped B．am helping C．was helping D．will help 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我没在餐厅看到你。可是你说过你会来的！——我真的很抱歉。那时我正在帮张老师搬书。 考查时态。have helped现在完成时；am helping现在进行时；was helping过去进行时；will help一般将来时。根据“I…Mr Zhang carry books then.”可知，此处指当时某刻正在做的事情，应用过去进行时。故选C。 17．（2025·安徽·模拟预测）Our school ______ a boxing club last year to promote physical fitness and discipline. A．establish B．established C．will establish D．has established 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们学校去年成立了一个拳击俱乐部，以促进身体健康和纪律。    考查动词时态。establish建立；established过去式；will establish将来时；has established现在完成时。根据“last year”可知，动作发生在过去，应使用过去时，故选B。 18．（2024·广西防城港·一模）—May I speak to Li Ming? —Oh, he isn’t in. He ________ Ningde Science and Technology Museum. A．goes to B．has gone to C．will go to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我可以和李明讲话吗？——哦，他不在。他去了宁德科技馆。 考查动词时态。根据“he isn’t in”和“Ningde Science and Technology Museum.”可知，李明不在，他去了宁德科技馆，应用has gone to“去了（未回）”。故选B。 19．（2025·安徽·模拟预测）The new campus gymnasium, built with private enterprise sponsorship, ______ next month. A．opens B．opened C．will open D．was opened 【答案】C 【详解】句意：由私人企业赞助兴建的新校园体育馆将于下个月开放。 考查动词时态。根据题干中的时间状语“next month”可知，动作发生在将来，因此需要使用将来时态。选项A为一般现在时，B为一般过去时，D为过去被动语态，均不符合时间状语的要求。选项C“will open”为一般将来时，符合题意，故选C。 20．（2025·吉林·模拟预测）There ________ a basketball game between Class 1 and Class 2 tomorrow afternoon. A．is B．was C．will be D．has been 【答案】C 【详解】句意：明天下午在一班和二班之间有一场篮球比赛。 考查there be句型的一般将来时。根据“tomorrow afternoon”可知，这是一般将来时的时间标志，there be句型的一般将来时是there will be。故选C。 21．（2025·吉林·模拟预测）—What do you usually do on weekends? —I often ________ my grandparents and have a chat with them. A．visit B．visited C．have visited D．will visit 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你经常在周末做什么？——我经常去看我的爷爷奶奶并且和他们聊天。 考查一般现在时。often是一般现在时的标志词，主语I是第一人称，动词用原形visit。故选A。 22．（2025·吉林·模拟预测）She ________ an English song at the party last night. A．sings B．sang C．is singing D．will sing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她昨晚在聚会上唱了一首英文歌。 考查时态。根据last night可知，时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，sing的过去式为sang。故选B。 23．（2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模）My father ________ go to work by car, but now he ________ riding a bike. A．is used to; used to B．used to; is used for C．used to; is used to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我父亲过去常常开车去上班，但是现在他习惯了骑自行车。 考查动词短语。be used to doing sth习惯于做某事；used to do sth过去常常做某事；be used for用于。根据“My father ... go to work by car, but now he ... riding a bike.”可知，是指父亲过去常常开车上班，但现在习惯骑自行车，空一处用used to；空二处用be used to。故选C。 24．（2025·安徽·模拟预测）In 2024, Hefei’s quantum research center ________ a major breakthrough in secure communication technology. A．achieve B．achieves C．achieved D．will achieve 【答案】C 【详解】句意：2024年，合肥量子研究中心在保密通信技术上实现重大突破。 考查一般过去时。空处位于主语Hefei’s quantum research center后，填动词作谓语。根据“In 2024”可知，此句时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。achieve的过去式为achieved。故选C。 25．（2025·安徽阜阳·一模）—I didn’t see you at the lantern fair yesterday afternoon. Where were you then? —I ________ lessons with my friend in the library. A．reviewed B．have reviewed C．was reviewing D．had reviewed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——昨天下午在灯笼市场上我没有看到你，你在哪里呢？——我和我的朋友在图书馆复习功课。 考查时态。根据“Where were you then?”可知，这里指表示过去某个时间段正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时“was/were doing”，主语为I，be动词用was，故选C。 26．（2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·模拟预测）I borrowed the book yesterday. I _______ it for a week. Next Monday is due. A．will keep B．have kept C．have borrowed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我昨天借了这本书。我已经借了一个星期了。下周一是截止日期。 考查动词。keep保持，留下，是延续性动词；borrow借，是瞬间性动词。此处与时间段连用，用延续性动词，用现在完成时，故选B。 27．（2025·江苏连云港·模拟预测）—I am looking for Simon. —He _______ the library. He will return soon. A．has gone to B．went to C．has been to D．goes to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我正在找西蒙。——他去图书馆了。他很快就会回来。 考查现在完成时态的用法。has gone to表示去了某地（还未回来）；went to是一般过去时，表示过去去了某地；has been to表示去过某地（已经回来）；goes to是一般现在时，表示经常去某地。根据“He will return soon.”可知，西蒙此刻不在这里，是去了图书馆还没回来，所以要用“has gone to”。故选A。 28．（2025·吉林·模拟预测）The old man ________ for ten years. A．died B．has died C．has been dead D．was dead 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这个老年人已经去世了十年了。 考查现在完成时。根据“for ten years”可知，表示一段时间，要用现在完成时，且动词要用延续性动词。die是短暂性动词，其延续性形式为be dead，所以用has been dead。故选C。 29．（2025·上海金山·一模）In the past five years, our school library ________ a lot, besides having more books. A．change B．changes C．changed D．has changed 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在过去的五年里，我们学校的图书馆除了有更多的书外，还发生了很大的变化。 考查时态。根据“In the past five years”并结合语境可知，此处表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态，应用现在完成时。故选D。 30．（2025·上海崇明·一模）—Simon, would you like to see the movie YOLO with me tomorrow? —I’m sorry, Amy. I have work to do; besides, I ________ it already. A．see B．would see C．have seen D．had seen 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——西蒙，明天你愿意和我一起去看电影《热辣滚烫》吗？——对不起，艾米。我有工作要做；再说，我已经看过了。 考查时态。根据“already”可知，时态是现在完成时，故选C。 二、完成句子 1．（2025·河南郑州·模拟预测）因为这个男孩处理问题迅速，思维敏锐，他在那个竞赛中得了第一名。 Since the boy problems quickly and had a sharp mind, he came first in the competition. 【答案】worked out/dealt with 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺“处理”的英文work out/deal with，动词短语，根据“had”可知，时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填worked out/dealt with。 2．（2025·河南郑州·模拟预测）你是否能有一个美好的未来取决于你的态度和努力。 Whether or not you can have a bright future your attitude and great efforts. 【答案】 depends on 【详解】对照中英文可知，缺少“取决于”，用depend on。描述事实用一般现在时。主语为句子“Whether or not you can have a bright future”，谓语动词用三单形式。depend的三单形式为depends。故填depends；on。 3．开学初，一些学生对英语不感兴趣，觉得阅读文章很难理解。 Some students English at the beginning of the term. They thought it hard to understand the reading passages. 【答案】 had no interest in 【详解】结合中英文，时态为一般过去时。have no interest in“对……不感兴趣”，have用过去式had，故填had；no；interest；in。 4．（2024·广东广州·二模）到目前为止，中国很多公司已经收到了来自世界各地的许多订单。 So far, many Chinese companies many orders from around the world. 【答案】 have received 【详解】根据“So far”可知本句应用现在完成时态，结构为have/has done。receive“收到”，动词。主语是复数，助动词用have。故填have received。 5．（2024·广东广州·二模）现如今，学生们到毕业了才意识到校园生活的好处。 Nowadays, students the benefits of school life they graduate. 【答案】 won’t realize until 【详解】设空处应填“意识到”和“直到……才”。“意识到”对应的动词是realize；“直到……才”对应的连词是not...until。until引导的时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时，助动词用will，will和not缩写为won’t，后跟动词原形。故填won’t；realize；until。 6．（2024·广东广州·二模）去年冬天，我们去了哈尔滨旅行。 Last winter, we to Harbin. 【答案】took a trip/had a trip 【详解】take/have a trip“去旅行”，根据“Last winter”可知，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式took/had。故填took/had a trip。 7．当妈妈在厨房里煮晚餐的时候，我和爸爸在准备母亲节礼物。 My father and I Mother’s Day gifts while mum dinner in the kitchen. 【答案】 were preparing was cooking 【详解】根据中英文对比可知，空格处缺少“煮”和“在准备”。while“当……时”，while引导时间状语从句，表示主句与从句的动作同时发生，用过去进行时；过去进行时的结构为“was/were doing”。prepare准备；cook煮。主句主语是“My father and I”，be动词用were；从句主语是“mum”，从句be动词用was。故填were preparing；was cooking。 8．（2024·广东广州·二模）广州以名胜古迹而闻名。 Guangzhou its ancient places of interest. 【答案】 is famous/known for 【详解】结合中英文提示可知，此处缺“因……而出名”，其对应的英文表达为“be famous/known for”。主语“Guangzhou广州”表示单数概念，且该句陈述的一般事实，时态应用一般现在时，be动词应用is。故填is；famous/known；for。 9．（2024·广东广州·二模）随着科技的迅速发展，广州近20年发生了很大的变化。 With the rapid development of technology, great changes in the past twenty years in Guangzhou. 【答案】 have taken place 【详解】对比中英文可知，空格中缺少“发生”，即固定搭配take place，结合句子的时间状语“in the past twenty years”，可知本句应使用结构为“have/has+过去分词”的现在完成时，又因主语为复数形式“great changes”，助动词应为have。故填have；taken；place。 10．（2025·甘肃·模拟预测）到2024年8月4日为止，中国队在巴黎奥运会已取得16金。 Up to August 4th, 2024, China’s team 16 gold medals in Paris Olympics. 【答案】 has achieved 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空缺部分是“已取得”，achieve“获得，取得”，动词原形；根据语境可知，时态为现在完成时，该句主语是China’s team，所以此处现在完成时的结构是：has+过去分词，achieve的过去分词是achieved。故填has；achieved。 11．（2025·甘肃·模拟预测）虽然艰难，但他们仍然成功了。 Though it was difficult, they still . 【答案】 made it 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺少内容“成功”，make it“获得成功”，固定短语，根据“it was difficult”可知时态为一般过去时。故填made；it。 12．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）我的兄弟们经常骑自行车去上学。 My brothers often to school. 【答案】 ride their bikes 【详解】根据汉语提示可知第一空缺少动词“骑”，译为“ride”，根据句意可知句子为一般现在时，主语“My brothers”是复数，动词用原形即可；主语是“My brothers”，因此是骑着他们的自行车，第二空缺少形容词性物主代词their“他们的”；第三空应用名词bike“自行车”，此处应用复数“bikes”表示类别。故填ride；their；bikes。 13．（2025·吉林·模拟预测）他过去常常在周末打篮球。 He play basketball on weekends. 【答案】 used to 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，句中缺少“过去常常”的英文表达。根据句意，“过去常常”可以用“used to”表示，后接动词原形“play”。故填used；to。 14．（2025·吉林·模拟预测）他已经去过北京三次了。 He Beijing three times. 【答案】 has been to 【详解】空处缺少“已经去过某地（已返回）”的英文，用动词短语have/has been to...表示，主语He是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has；been；to。 15．（2025九年级·北京·专题练习）除非你上课认真听讲，不然你就做不出这些数学题。 you listen carefully in class, you work these Maths problems out. 【答案】 Unless won’t/can’t 【详解】unless“除非”，引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则；从句用一般现在时，主句应含有情态动词can或主句用一般将来时，其结构为“will do”；主句为否定句，第二空应用won’t/can’t；且句首首字母要大写。故填Unless；won’t/can’t。 16．（2025·甘肃·模拟预测）新来的老师总是鼓励艾丽丝，这对她影响很大。 The new teacher always encourages Alice. This a big to her. 【答案】 makes difference 【详解】make a big difference to “对……影响很大”。主语this是单数，谓语动词用单数，故填makes；difference。 17．（2025·吉林·模拟预测）她正在听音乐。 She music. 【答案】 is listening to 【详解】根据汉语表达可知，句子时态为现在进行时be+doing；主语She是第三人称单数，be动词用is，“听音乐”的英文表达是listen to music，此处用listening。故填is；listening；to。 18．（2025·陕西西安·二模）两年前她在乡下教授科学，极大地鼓舞了那里的孩子。 She in the countryside two years ago and greatly inspired kids there. 【答案】taught science 【详解】教：teach，动词作谓语；科学：science，抽象名词。根据“two years ago”可知，时态用一般过去时，teach过去式是taught。故填taught science。 19．（2025·陕西西安·二模）九年级的学生们正忙于准备体育考试。 Students in Grade 9 preparing for the P. E. exam. 【答案】are busy 【详解】根据中英文对照，空格处缺“正忙于”的英文表达，be busy doing表示“正忙于做某事”，句子为一般现在时，主语Students为复数，be动词用are。故填are busy。 20．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）当我们向帐篷外面看时，我们看见一条大蛇睡在火旁。 When we our tent, we a big snake near the fire. 【答案】 looked out of saw sleeping 【详解】结合中英文及空格数提示可知，前半句缺“朝外面看”，其对应的英文表达为“look out of”，为动词短语，此处是描述过去的动作，时态应为一般过去时，应用其对应的过去式looked作谓语；后半句缺“看见……正在睡觉”，“看见某人做某事”的英文表达为“see sb. doing sth.”，“睡觉”的英文表达为sleep，前后句时态一致，此处也应用see的过去式saw作谓语。故填looked；out；of；saw；sleeping。 21．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）我五岁的时候开始弹钢琴。 I the piano when I was 5 years . 【答案】 began/started playing old 【详解】“开始做某事”begin/start doing sth,;“弹奏”play；“……岁”... years old；根据“when I was 5 years old”可知时态是一般过去时。故填began/started；playing；old。 22．（2024·广东广州·一模）如果你仔细看上面的图，你就会知道它是如何工作的。 you look at the picture above carefully, you how it . 【答案】 If will know works 【详解】如果：if，位于句首，首字母大写；知道：know；工作：work。条件状语从句中，时态规则为“主将从现”，主句用一般将来时；“how it...”是宾语从句，宾语从句用一般现在时，it是第三人称单数，谓语用三单形式。故填If；will；know；works。 23．汤姆对自己感到惭愧并承诺以后都不这样了。 Tom himself and promised not to do that again. 【答案】 was/felt ashamed of 【详解】根据“…and promised not to do that again.”可知，时态为一般过去时；根据中英文对照可知，空处缺少“对……感到惭愧”的英文表达，be/feel ashamed of“对……感到惭愧”，主语Tom是第三人称单数，所以be动词的过去式用was，feel的过去式为felt。故填was/felt；ashamed；of。 24．（2024·广东广州·一模）人们花了三十多年才完成这项工程。 people more than thirty years the project. 【答案】 It took to finish/complete 【详解】此处是固定句型：It takes/took sb time to do sth“花费某事时间做某事”。根据句意可知，句子应用一般过去时。finish/complete“完成”。故填It；took；to；finish/complete。 25．（2024·广东广州·一模）现在越来越多的人对南国书香节感兴趣。 Now, more and more people the Festival. 【答案】 are interested in 【详解】be interested in“对……感兴趣”，时态是一般现在时，主语是复数，be动词用are。故填are；interested；in。 26．（2024·广东广州·一模）南国书香节每年都举行。 The South China Book Festival every year. 【答案】 is held 【详解】对比所给中英文可知，设空处为“举行”；hold“举行”，动词；分析句子结构可知，句子主语与谓语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态；根据空后的“every year”可知，句子时态为一般现在时，主语为“The South China Book Festival”，所以此处应填is held。故填is；held。 27．（2024·广东广州·一模）直到老师介绍，我才了解南国书香节。 I the South China Book Festival my teacher told me. 【答案】 didn’t learn about until 【详解】not...until“直到……才”，时态是一般过去时，助动词用didn’t；learn about“了解”。故填didn’t；learn；about；until。 28．（2024·广东广州·一模）去年十二月玛丽去伦敦旅行了一趟。 Mary to London last December. 【答案】 went on a trip 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，还有“去旅行”没有翻译，go on a trip“去旅行”，根据“last December”可知，此处要使用一般过去时。故填went；on；a；trip。 29．（2024·广东广州·一模）他刚刚没能听清楚你说的话。 He catch you said just now. 【答案】 didn’t what 【详解】根据句意和时间状语“just now”可知，主句是一般过去时，catch是实义动词，否定句要借助助动词didn’t，后接动词原形；分析句子结构可知，此处应用what引导宾语从句，同时在从句中作动词said的宾语。故填didn’t；what。 30．（2024·广东广州·一模）当时她对体验中国文化习俗充满期待。 She Chinese culture and customs at that time. 【答案】 looked forward to experiencing 【详解】look forward to doing sth“期待做某事”，根据“at that time”可知，时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式looked；experience“体验”，此处用动名词形式。故填looked；forward；to；experiencing。 三、短文填空 （2025·湖南·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Dragon Head-Raising Day is a 1 (tradition) Chinese festival. It 2 (fall) on the second day of the second lunar (农历) month. On the day in ancient times, people put ashes (灰) on the ground into kitchens and around water vats (缸). This was to “lead the dragon into the house”. Nowadays, people eat noodles, dumplings and deep-fired pancakes on this day. All the day’s foods are named after dragons. 3 example, noodles are called “dragon whisker (龙须)” 4 dumplings are called “Dragon teeth”. In some ancient Chinese 5 (story), dragons have power over the wind and rain. They often bring rain to the world on the second of the second lunar month. It’s 6 (say) that day there will be more and more rain. This is why 7 day is often called “Spring Dragon Day”. It was hoped that with the help of the dragon, plowing (耕种) would be 8 (easy) than before and the autumn would bring a good harvest. It was believed that a haircut during the 9 (one) lunar month brought bad luck to the uncles in a family. This is why many people put off 10 (get) their hair cut till Dragon Head-Raised Day. 【答案】 1．traditional 2．falls 3．For 4．and 5．stories 6．said 7．the 8．easier 9．first 10．getting 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国传统节日“龙抬头”的由来、习俗及其文化意义。 1．句意：龙抬头是一个传统的中国节日。此处应用形容词修饰名词festival，tradition的形容词形式是traditional“传统的”。故填traditional。 2．句意：它在农历二月的第二天。时态是一般现在时，主语是三单，动词用三单形式。故填falls。 3．句意：例如，面条被称为“龙须”，饺子被称为“龙牙”。for example“例如”，固定短语。故填For。 4．句意：例如，面条被称为“龙须”，饺子被称为“龙牙”。根据“noodles are called ‘dragon whisker (龙须)’”和“dumplings are called ‘Dragon teeth’”可知，两者是并列成分，用and连接。故填and。 5．句意：在一些中国古代故事中，龙掌控着风和雨。story是可数名词，some后加复数。故填stories。 6．句意：据说那天会有越来越多的雨。It is said“据说”，固定搭配。故填said。 7．句意：这就是为什么这一天通常被称为“春龙节”。此处指的是二月二这一天，用the表示特指。故填the。 8．句意：人们希望有了龙的帮助，耕种会比以前更容易，秋天会带来丰收。由than可知是比较级，easy的比较级是easier。故填easier。 9．句意：人们相信在农历的第一个月理发会给家里的舅舅带来坏运气。the后加序数词表示顺序，one的序数词是first“第一”。故填first。 10．句意：这就是为什么许多人推迟理发直到龙抬头那天。off是介词，后加动名词作宾语。故填getting。 四、选词填空 （2025·河南周口·一模）阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 part   avoid   from   because   I   good   write   decision   smile   excite Dear Diary, It’s me again. Last December, I 1 to you, hoping for a fruitful year. I feel thankful to the things that happened in 2024. I used to 2 some feelings like fear, worry and anger, but I can’t run away from them. Running away from them makes 3 life even more painful. Now, I accept them. They are a 4 of me, and I try to love them. It’s a work in progress, and next year it’ll be 5 than last year. Speaking of accepting, I’ve been focusing on the positives. I’m starting to appreciate (欣赏) my smile more. Whenever I smile, it looks like my whole body is 6 . I love my body for what it is, not for what I want it to be. For example, I start to love my acne (青春痘). In fact, I start to love everything that makes me imperfect, 7 my imperfections tell who I am. I am also 8 to start the new term. I can’t wait to see the people that I’ll meet. And I can’t wait to see the mistakes, choices and 9 that I’ll make. No matter how small or large, I’ll try my best. I know the new term is going to be difficult at times, but I’ve learned a lot 10 the things in 2024. That will make me less scared, so I’m ready for the new term in 2025. Cheers, Dave 【答案】 1．wrote 2．avoid 3．my 4．part 5．better 6．smiling 7．because 8．excited 9．decisions 10．from 【导语】本文是一篇日记，作者Dave回顾了2024年的经历，表达了对新学期的期待。 1．句意：去年十二月，我写信给你，希望有一个丰收的一年。根据“Last December”及“to you”可知，此处为过去时态，填动词的过去式；结合备选词，write的过去式wrote“写信”符合句意。故填wrote。 2．句意：我曾经试图避免一些感觉，如恐惧、担忧和愤怒，但我无法逃避它们。根据“some feelings like fear, worry and anger”可知，此处填动词原形；结合备选词，avoid“避免”符合句意。故填avoid。 3．句意：逃避它们使我的生活更加痛苦。根据“life”可知，此处填形容词性物主代词；结合备选词，I的形容词性物主代词形式my“我的”符合句意。故填my。 4．句意：现在我接受它们。它们是我的一部分，我试着去爱它们。根据“a...of me”可知，此处填名词单数；结合备选词，part“部分”符合句意。故填part。 5．句意：这是一项正在进行的工作，明年会比去年更好。根据“be...than last year”可知，此处填形容词的比较级；结合备选词，good的比较级形式better“更好”符合句意。故填better。 6．句意：每当我微笑时，看起来我的整个身体都在微笑。根据“Whenever I smile”及“my whole body is”可知，此处填形容词；结合备选词，smiling“微笑”符合句意。故填smiling。 7．句意：事实上，我开始喜欢所有让我不完美的东西，因为我的不完美告诉我我是谁。根据“I start to love everything that makes me imperfect, ...my imperfections tell who I am.”可知，此处填连词；结合备选词，because“因为”符合句意。故填because。 8．句意：我也很兴奋地开始新学期。根据“am”可知，此处填形容词；结合备选词，excited“兴奋的”符合句意。故填excited。 9．句意：我迫不及待地想看到我将遇到的错误、选择和决定。根据“mistakes, choices and”可知，此处填名词复数；结合备选词，decision的复数形式decisions“决定”符合句意。故填decisions。 10．句意：我知道新学期有时会很困难，但我从2024年的事情中学到了很多。根据“learned a lot...the things in 2024”可知，此处填介词；结合备选词，from“从”符合句意。故填from。 第2部分 被动语态 `1.(2024年广州中考真题)One reason is that the penguin eggs by seabirds and other animals. A.eat B．ate C．are eating D．are eaten 【答案】D 【解析】句意：原因之一是企鹅的蛋被海鸟和其他动物吃掉。 eat 吃，动词原形；ate 吃，过去式；are eating 现在进行时；are eaten 一般现在时的被动语态。 根据“the penguin eggs... by seabirds and other animals”可知，企鹅蛋是被吃掉，所以用被动语态。故选D。 2.(2024年广州中考真题)下周，我校将在运动日举行各种趣味运动。麦克和汤姆将参加“二人三足”赛跑。 A lot of fun games on the Sports Day in our school next week. Mike and Tom will take part in the “three-legged” race. 【答案】 will be held 【详解】“举行”hold，主语A lot of fun games和动词hold之间是动宾关系，结合时间状语next week可知，要用一般将来时的被动语态，其构成为will be done。故填will be held。 3..(2023年广州中考真题)This little one Little Six. He was weak and quiet. A. called B. was calling C. was called D. were called 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这只小鸟被叫做小六。 called称呼，过去式；was calling正在叫；was called被叫做，主语是第一人称或单数；were called被叫做，主语是第二人称或复数。此处“This little one”与“call”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，主语是单数。故选C。 我希望有一天我的绘画作品会在美术馆展出。 4.(2023年广州中考真题)I hope one day my art works in the art gallery. 【答案】 will be shown 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，show表示“展出”，是动词，和主语之间是被动关系，结合“I hope one day”可知，句子应用一般将来时的被动语态：will be done。故填will；be；shown。 5.(2024年深圳中考真题)I (introduce) to the dragon boat racing in the spring of 2023. 【答案】 was introduced 【详解】句意：2023年春天，我开始接触龙舟比赛。根据“in the spring of 2023”可知，句子应用一般过去时，主语I与动词introduce存在被动关系，句子应用一般过去时的被动语态，be动词应用was。故填was introduced。 6.(2022年深圳中考真题)“The piece ‘Jasmine Flower’ (choose) specially for this show,”Lang Lang said,”I  played this beautiful piece from my own culture, 【答案】was chosen 【详解】句意：《茉莉花》是专门为这次展览挑选的。根据“The piece”可知，与谓语动词choose是被动关系，因此是含有一般过去时的被动语态，was chosen符合句意，故填was chosen。 7.(2024年广东省中考真题)Now at the age of fifteen, he 32 £15 every week. A．gives B．is given C．is giving 【答案】B 【详解】．句意：现在他15岁了，每周得到15英镑。 gives一般现在时；is given一般现在时的被动语态；is giving现在进行时。根据“Now at the age of fifteen, he...£15 every week.”可知，主语是动作的承受者，时态是一般现在时，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，故选B。 8.(2023年广东省中考真题)At the age of seven, David had the first astronaut (宇航员) training experience. He and his parents to a Family Space Camp. A．invited B．are invited C．were invited 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他和他的父母被邀请参加一个家庭太空营。 invited邀请，过去式/过去分词；are invited一般现在时的被动语态；were invited一般过去时的被动语态。根据“At the age of seven”可知，时态为一般过去时，他和父母是被邀请去参加太空营的，用被动语态。故选C。 9.(2022年广东省中考真题)Students in the school to get up at 6:45 a.m. to practice their basic skills. A． ask B．asked C．were asked 【答案】C 【详解】句意：学校要求学生早上6点45分起床练习基本功，但她早上6点就起床了。 ask一般现在时；asked一般过去时；were asked一般过去时的被动语态。主语是动作的承受者，时态是一般过去时，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。 10.(2022年广州中考真题)在科学老师的帮助下，凯特小组的水火箭得以成功发射。 With the help of the science teacher, the bottle rocket ______ ______ successfully by Kate’s group. 【答案】 ①. was ②. sent 【解析】 【详解】分析句子可知，主语“the bottle rocket”以及谓语send“发送”之间是被动关系，且由语境可知，此处用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done，主语是单数，be动词用was。故填was；sent。 一、被动语态的定义 英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。在主动语态时，句子的主语是这个动作的执行者；在被动语态时，句子的主语是这个动作的承受者。如： They built this house. 他们建造了这座房子。 主语they是built这个动作的执行者，动词用主动语态。 →The house was built by them. 这座房子是由他们建造的。 主语the house是built这个动作的承受者，动词用被动语态。 二、常见不同时态的被动语态及其构成 被动语态由“系动词be＋动词过去分词”构成。它和主动语态一样有人称、数和时态的变化，主要通过系动词be的变化来体现。 以动词do为例，几种常用时态的主动语态和被动语态的结构形式如下： 时态 结构 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are＋done This kind of bag is made in China. 这种包是在中国制造的。 一般过去时 was/were＋done He found it interesting that so many products in the local shops were made in China. 他发现当地商店里那么多产品都是中国制造的，这很有趣。 一般将来时 will/shall＋be＋done The project will be finished in a month.这个项目将在一个月内完成。 含情态动词 情态动词＋be＋done Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. 青少年们应该被允许选择他们自己的衣服。 现在完成时 have/has been done The homework has been finished by Jim.吉姆已经写完家庭作业了 现在进行时 am/is/are+being+done A new road is being built outside my house.我家门口正在修一条新路。 过去进行时 was/ were+being+done The man was being questioned by the police.这个人当时正在被警察盘问。 三、被动语态的否定句和疑问句 (1) 被动语态的否定句在be后加not。如： The song is not liked by young people. 这首歌不受年轻人喜爱。 (2) 被动语态的疑问句将be提至主语前。如： Is Chinese used only in China? 汉语只在中国使用吗？ — Are these computers made in the USA? 这些电脑是美国制造的吗？ — Yes, they are. 是的。 No, they aren’t. 不，不是的。 四、主动变被动的方法 一般情况：宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词变被动 主动：Many people speak Chinese in the world. 被动：Chinese is spoken by many people in the world. 特殊情况 ①双宾语：如果间接宾语作被动的主语，直接宾语前要有介词“to或for”。 如：He gave me a book. → A book was given to me by him. ②还原“to”的被动语态：如果谓语动词是“使役动词”和“感官动词”，主动句中的宾语补足语是省去“to”的不定式，变成被动时要加上“to”。 如：He makes me clean the room. → I was made to clean the room by him. 五、主动结构表被动意义的情况（即无被动语态） （1）不及物动词（短语）无被动，如 happen,take place,rise,appear,disappear, come true, break out等。 The sun rises in the east.太阳在东方升起。 （2）open, lock, write, read, sell，clean,burn等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，用于描述主语的特征或性质,，可用主动语态表被动意义。 如：This kind of pen writes very smoothly. 这种钢笔写起来很流畅。 （3）look，sound，taste，smell，feel, prove等系动词没有被动结构，故用主动结构表被动意义。 如：My advice proved to be wrong.我的建议被证明是错的。 She looks beautiful. 她看起来很漂亮。 （4）want/need/require＋doing相当于want/need/require＋to be done，to be done为不定式的被动结构。 如：Your bedroom needs cleaning right now. ＝Your bedroom needs to be cleaned right now.你的房间需要立马被清理。 （5）be worth doing用主动形式表被动意义。 如：The movie is really worth watching. 这部电影真的值得一看。 【解题技巧】 被动语态解题技巧需要注意两点： ①判断动作的执行者或承受者。一般情况下，选项中有be+done 的结构就是考查被动语态。 ②判断好时态。考查时态和语态结合为河北省常考方式，故在做题过程中一定要兼顾好时态和语态两个方面。对此，首先，观察语境，确定题目所用的时态；其次，分析选项，若选项中出现两个被动语态的选项(be＋done)，则基本可判定本题就是考查被动语态，由此可排除两个主动语态的选项；最后，同时考生应熟记几种常考的被动语态的构成，再结合句意及给出的时间状语或已经发生动作的时态，选取对应的时态。 一、单项选择 1．（2024·四川广元·中考真题）—Good morning! May I have a plate of dumplings, please? —Sorry. Dumplings ________ only at dinner. A．serve B．are served C．are serving D．will serve 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——早上好！我能要一盘饺子吗？——抱歉。饺子只在晚餐时供应。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。Dumplings和serve之间为动宾关系，故此处使用被动语态。本句描述一般的状态，用一般现在时的被动语态即可。故选B。 2．（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）I feel proud that Chinese ________ by the most people in the world. A．is saying B．is spoken C．speaks 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我为中文是世界上最多人说的语言而感到自豪。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据主语“Chinese”和谓语动词的关系可知，中文作为语言是被说的，应用被动语态；句子陈述一般事实，应用一般现在时被动语态“is spoken”。故选B。 3．（2024·天津·中考真题）Lao She wrote many plays and he _________ “the People’s Artist”. A．names B．named C．was named D．has named 【答案】C 【详解】句意：老舍写了很多戏剧，被评为“人民艺术家”。 考查被动语态。分析句子可知，此处指老舍被称为“人民艺术家”，主语he和谓语name之间是被动关系，应为被动语态，结构是be done。故选C。 4．（2024·江苏连云港·中考真题）Robot dogs _________ as volunteers for the first time during the 2023 Asian Games. A．use B．used C．are used D．were used 【答案】D 【详解】句意：2023年亚运会期间，机器狗首次被用作志愿者。 考查时态和语态。主语Robot dogs和谓语use之间是被动关系，根据“during the 2023 Asian Games.”可知此处用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。故选D。 5．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）—A fashion show _______ in our school hall next week. —Great! I’m looking forward to it! A．holds B．is held C．was held D．will be held 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——下周我们学校大礼堂将举办一场时装秀。——太棒了！我很期待。 考查时态和语态。主语A fashion show和谓语hold之间是被动关系，根据“next week”可知此处用一般将来时的被动语态will be done。故选D。 6．（2025·上海嘉定·一模）Shakespeare’s plays on stage more than a million times. A．will be performed B．were performed C．are being performed D．have been performed 【答案】D 【详解】句意：莎士比亚的戏剧已经在舞台上演出了100多万次。 考查动词的时态和语态。will be performed将被表演，一般将来时的被动语态；were performed被表演，一般过去时的被动语态；are being performed正在被表演，现在进行时的被动语态；have been performed已经被表演，现在完成时的被动语态。根据题干中的“more than a million times”可知，表示动作发生在过去，强调对现在造成的影响，故使用现在完成时。故选D。 7．（2025·四川成都·一模）More mistakes ________ if you go over the paper carefully for a second time. A．are found B．will find C．can be found 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如果你再认真检查一遍试卷，就会发现更多的错误。 考查条件状语从句和含情态动词的被动语态。are found被发现，一般现在时的被动语态；will find将会找到，一般将来时；can be found可以被发现，情态动词的被动语态。根据“if”可知，本句为条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现、主情从现”原则，因此主句为一般将来时或含有情态动词，从句为一般现在时；本句中mistakes和find之间存在被动关系，应用被动语态，因此主句应使用一般将来时的被动语态或含情态动词的被动语态。故选C。 8．（2024·四川达州·中考真题）—Bob, your room is so dirty. It must ________ every day. —OK. Mom, I’ll do it right now. A．clean B．be cleaned C．is cleaned 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——鲍勃，你的房间太脏了。必须每天清扫一下。——好的。妈妈，我现在就去。 考查含情态动词的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，所以用被动语态be done，must后用动词原形，故选B。 9．（2024·广东珠海·模拟预测）My 5G Huawei Mobile phone doesn’t work well now , and I think it needs________. A．to repair B．repairing C．being  repaired D．to be repairing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的5G华为手机现在运行得不好，我认为它需要修理了。 考查非谓语动词。根据“it”可知，手机和修理之间是被动关系，用need doing sth.结构。故选B。 10．（23-24九年级上·吉林松原·期末）Great changes ________ in our country in the past few years. A．have taken place B．took place C．will take place D．have been taken place 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在过去的几年里，我们国家发生了巨大的变化。 考查动词时态。根据“in the past few years.”以及结合语境，可知该句是现在完成时，谓语动词是take place，为不及物动词，没有被动语态。故选A。 二、完成句子 1．（2024·广东广州·一模）为了帮助有需要的人，社区将设立一个志愿者组织。 To help those in need, a voluntary group in the community. 【答案】 will be set/built up 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺“将设立”的英文表达。set/build up“设立”，根据“a voluntary group”与“将设立”的关系可知，此处为一般将来时的被动语态，结构为“will be+过去分词”，set的过去分词为set，build的过去分词为built。故填will；be；set/built；up。 2．（2024·上海·模拟预测）So far he has done a lot of reports on the environment successfully. (改为被动语态） So far a lot of reports on the environment done by him. 【答案】 have been 【详解】句意：到目前为止，他已经成功地做了很多关于环境的报告。分析原句可知时态是现在完成时，动词原形是do，所以此处应是现在完成时的被动语态have/has been done，主语reports是复数，助动词用have。故填have；been。 3．（2024·上海·模拟预测）The citizens must divide everyday waste into four different categories. (改为被动语态) Everyday waste must into four different categories by the citizens. 【答案】 be divided 【详解】句意：市民必须将日常垃圾分为四类。被动语态结构是be done，must后be动词用原形，动词原形是divide，过去分词是divided。故填be；divided。 4．（2024·甘肃武威·二模）Jane wrote several articles about memory last month. (被动语态) Several articles about memory by Jane last month. 【答案】 were written 【详解】句意：简上个月写了几篇关于记忆的文章。句子要变成被动语态，其结构为be done；原句时态是一般过去时，且主语“Several articles”是复数形式，be动词应用were，动词write的过去分词为written。故填were；written。 5．（2024·上海浦东新·一模）At night, Daming hangs a light from the front of the raft. (改为被动语态) At night, a light from the front of the raft. 【答案】 is hung 【详解】句意：晚上，大明在筏子前面挂了一盏灯。根据“hangs”可知，此句时态是一般现在时，改成被动语态时，其结构是：be+动词的过去分词。a light为名词单数，be动词需用is，hang的过去分词是hung。故填is；hung。 6．（2024·上海奉贤·一模）The teacher chose five students to work as volunteers on the Open Day. (改为被动语态) Five students by the teacher to work as volunteers on the Open Day. 【答案】 were chosen 【详解】句意：老师挑选了五名学生做开放日的志愿者。被动语态的结构为“be+过去分词”，句子时态为一般过去时，主语为“Five students”，be动词用were，应填were chosen。故填were；chosen。 7．（2024·贵州·模拟预测）据报道，中国已经为非洲儿童提供了大量的帮助。 It that China has offered much help to some African countries already. 【答案】 is reported 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺“据报道”的英文。本句为It is reported that...固定句型，表示“据报道……”，is reported表示“被报道”。故填is；reported。 8．（2024·广东广州·二模）今年广交会备受全世界关注。 This year’s Canton Fair by people from all over the world. 【答案】 was given much attention 【详解】根据题干，缺少的信息为“备受关注”，be given much attention“备受关注”，此处 应为描述过去的事情，主语“This year’s Canton Fair”是单数，所以be动词用的单数、过去时形式。故填was；given；much；attention。 9．（2024·广东广州·二模）通过加入社团，我们的能力可以得到提升，我们的热情能被发掘。. By joining clubs, our abilities    and our passions can be discovered. 【答案】 can be improved 【详解】空处缺少“可以得到提升”的表达，can“可以”，improve“提升”，主语与“improve”之间是动宾关系，所以用被动语态，还有情态动词的被动语态结构是（情态动词+be done）。故填can；be；improved。 10．（2024·广东广州·二模）《热辣滚烫》这部电影在今年春节期间上演了。 The film Yolo during this year’s Spring Festival. 【答案】 was shown 【详解】根据中英文对比可知，空格处缺少“上演了”。“上演”可以用被动语态“be shown”来表示，即“被展示”，该句时态是一般过去时，be动词使用was，故填was；shown。 11．（2024·广东广州·三模）每年有大量的食物被扔掉。 A large amount of food every year. 【答案】 is thrown away 【详解】throw away“扔掉”；主语“food”与动词“throw away”之间是动宾关系，结合“every year”可知用一般现在时的被动语态，主语“a large amount of food”是不可数名词，应用结构is done。故填is；thrown；away。 12．（2024·贵州黔东南·二模）贵州的著名建筑梅坦茶博物馆，以巨型茶壶的形式建成。 The Meitan Tea Museum, a famous building in Guizhou, in the shape of a giant teapot. 【答案】 was built 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空格处为“建成”，“修建”build，结合语境可知，句子为一般过去时，由句子主语“The Meitan Tea Museum”可知，博物馆应该是被建成，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，即was/were done的结构，主语为单数，故应用was。故填was；built。 13．（2025九年级·北京·专题练习）越来越多的新书籍将送给贫困山村的孩子们。 More new books to the children in the poor villages. 【答案】 will be sent 【详解】根据中英文可知，本句应用一般将来时，缺少“将送给”，send“送”，主语books和动词send是被动关系，故此句应是一般将来时的被动语态，结构为will be +过去分词，send的过去分词为sent。故填will；be；sent。 14．（2025九年级·北京·专题练习）这项工作很快就会完成。 This work soon. 【答案】 will be finished/completed 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，finish“完成”，动词，complete“完成”，动词；主语“This work”与动词“finish/complete”之间是被动关系，此句应用一般将来时的被动语态，其结构为“will be done”。故填will；be；finished/completed。 15．（2024·广东广州·二模）天猫精灵是一款智能语音助手, 在很多家庭中广泛使用。 Tmall Genie is an AI voice helper. It widely in many families. 【答案】 is used 【详解】分析句子可知，主语是it，use “使用”，其与use之间是被动关系，用被动语态，时态是一般现在时，be动词用is。故填is；used。 16．（2024·广东广州·二模）哈尔滨人民举办了国际冰雪节的大型庆典。 A big celebration of International Ice and Sculpture Festival by people of Harbin. 【答案】was held/was organized 【详解】hold/organize“举办”，动词；根据句意可知，本句是一般过去时，且主语与动词之间是被动关系，需用was/were done；主语是单数，be动词用was，hold/organize的过去分词为held/organized。故填was held/organized。 17．（2024·广东广州·一模）下个月，我们学校将会举办一系列关于太空的讲座。 A series of lectures on space in our school next month. 【答案】 will be held 【详解】结合中英文提示可知，hold“举行”，主语A series of lectures和动词之间为被动关系，由“next month”可知，要用将来时的被动语态，即will be done，hold的过去分成是held。故填will；be；held。 18．（2024·广东广州·一模）有一次，老师要求他背诵《蜀道难》。 Once, he by his teacher to recite the Difficult Road to Shu. 【答案】 was asked/required 【详解】根据中英文句子可知，句子要用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done；主语是he，be动词用was；要求：ask/require，故填was；asked/required。 19．（2024·广东广州·一模）游客不允许带自己的食物去喂动物。 Visitors to feed animals with their own food. 【答案】 are not allowed 【详解】主语Visitors和谓语allow“允许”之间是被动关系，此处描述客观情况，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语Visitors，be动词用are，变否定句时在are后加not。故填are；not；allowed。 20．（2024·广东广州·一模）今年的优胜者将被邀请参加我们学校的科学周活动。 The winners this year to join in our school’s Science Week. 【答案】 will be invited 【详解】根据汉语意思“将被邀请”可知，应用一般将来时的被动语态，结构为will be done；invite“邀请”，动词，其过去分词为invited。故填will；be；invited。 三、语法填空 （2024·四川遂宁·中考真题）根据下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内所给单词的正确形式。 The oil-paper umbrella has a history of over 1,000 years in China. There are different 1 (story) about the invention of the umbrella in China. The most popular one has something to do with Lu Ban. It’s said that once he and his wife visited the West Lake. It started raining suddenly. His wife said, “Let’s have 2 competition. Before sunrise tomorrow, the one who comes up 3 a good way to visit the West Lake even on rainy days will be the winner.” Lu Ban 4 (think) it was easy. He collected some tools and materials. Then he spent the whole night 5 (build) pavilions (亭子) around the lake. He was quite proud of his work. The next morning, 6 Lu Ban talked about his achievements and felt proud, his wife held something unusual in her hand. It could be opened into a round shape. Lu Ban was 7 (surprise). He found that the object, made of silk and bamboo, could be opened and closed 8 (easy). It was light, beautiful and easy to carry. Lu Ban said, “You win. Your invention can protect us from rain better.” So the umbrella 9 (invent). Later, people began to use paper, which was 10 (cheap) than silk. To make the umbrella water-proof, people brushed a kind of oil on the surface. So the oil-paper umbrella appeared. 【答案】 1．stories 2．a 3．with 4．thought 5．building 6．when 7．surprised 8．easily 9．was invented 10．cheaper 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了鲁班和妻子发明雨伞的典故。 1．句意：关于雨伞的发明，中国有不同的故事。story“故事”，可数名词，被different修饰，用其复数形式。故填stories。 2．句意：我们来比赛吧。competition是可数名词单数，且以辅音音素发音开头，其前应加不定冠词a。have a competition“比赛”。故填a。 3．句意：明天日出之前，谁能想出一个雨天也能游西湖的好办法，谁就是赢家。come up with“想出”，动词短语。故填with。 4．句意：鲁班认为这很容易。think“认为”，动词。时态是一般过去时，谓语动词用其过去式。故填thought。 5．句意：然后他花了一整晚在湖边建造亭子。build“建造”，动词。spend some time doing sth.“花费时间做某事”，动名词作宾语。故填building。 6．句意：第二天早晨，鲁班谈起自己的功绩，得意洋洋，他的妻子手里拿着一件不寻常的东西。此处缺少连词，指当鲁班谈到自己建造的亭子时，妻子手里拿着一件不寻常的东西。when“当……时”，引导时间状语从句。故填when。 7．句意：鲁班很惊讶。surprise“使惊讶”，动词。此处应用其形容词surprised“惊讶的”，作表语，修饰人。故填surprised。 8．句意：他发现这个由丝绸和竹子制成的东西可以很容易地打开和关闭。easy“容易的”，形容词。此处应用其副词easily，修饰动词。故填easily。 9．句意：于是伞被发明了。invent“发明”，动词。此处指雨伞被发明，应为被动语态。时态是一般过去时，应为一般过去时的被动语态。主语是单数，be动词用was。故填was invented。 10．句意：后来，人们开始使用比丝绸便宜的纸。cheap“便宜的”，形容词。根据“than”可知，此处用其比较级。故填cheaper。 53 / 54 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03动词的时态和语态 考点要求 课标要求 命题预测 动词的时态 重点掌握初中动词八大时态的构成和基本用法，尤其是一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时以及现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时等6种时态在具体语境中的运用和体现。同时要掌握动词的一般过去时，现在完成时和过去完成时的本质区别和用法。 考题主要在语法选择，语法填空，选词填空，完成句子中出现。当然书面表达中准确运用时态也会影响学生得分。 动词的时态重点考查6种核心时态在特定的时间状语中的使用等;易混时态辨析（如一般过去时和现在完成时辨析，have gone to、have been to、have been in等。） 被动语态考点聚焦于两方面：一是其基本构成与用法，涵盖不同时态下被动语态的结构与运用；二是主动与被动语态的转换规则，包括一般情况、双宾语、含宾语补足语等特殊情况，还有主动形式表被动意义的多种情况及相关易错点 。 动词的语态 重点掌握以下被动语态的结构和基本用法： 一般现在时：am／is／are ＋ p.p 一般过去时：was／were ＋ p.p 一般将来时：shall ／will be ＋ p.p 现在完成时：have ／has been ＋ p.p 含情态动词的被动结构：情态动词 ＋ be ＋ p.p 现在进行时 am/is/are+being+done 过去进行时 was/ were+being+done 第一部分 动词的时态 1.(2024年广州真题)The two kids carefully climbed onto the rocks and over. A．look B．looking C．looked D．to look 2.(2024年广州真题)Mama Bird brought them together and them to fly. A．teach B．teaches C．taught D．will teach 3.(2024年广东省中考真题) When he turned seven, he £7 a week. A．gets B．got C．will get 4.(2024年深圳真题)He first visited China in 2016, and since then, he (develop) a deep interest in traditional Chinese culture. 5.(2022年深圳真题)The low temperature (make) it quite challenging for him. However, playing in a “fairytale-like” environment was a very special experience, according to Lang Lang, 6.(2024年广东省中考真题) As biking has become a lifestyle, experts that this biking craze will continue. They expect a sharp increase in the number of bike riders.（备选词believe） 7. (2023年广东省中考真题) These experiences have influenced his life. Now David space science. A．study B．is studying C．was studying 8. (2023年广东省中考真题) According to some research, before toothbrushes appeared, the ancient Chinese people their teeth with some small tree branches (树枝). (备选词clean) 9.(2022年广东省中考真题) She herself that she still had a long way to go and that she should keep practicing… A．tell B．tells C．told 10. (2022年广东省中考真题) Tea wasn’t introduced into Europe until the early 17th century. And now it has popular in Europe and America.(备选词become) 11.(2022年广州中考真题) so Bob wouldn’t get lonely while I ______ at school. A. am B. was C. were D. will be 12.(2022年广州中考真题)“ That ________ we can’t put Bob into fresh water right away. Instead, we need to put him in a cup A. mean B. means C. meant D. is meaning 13．(2023年广州中考真题)你是否听说过一群广州学生做的数学项目？ you ever about a maths project done by some students in Guangzhou? 14.(2022年广州中考真题) 一开始，凯特小组制作水火箭有困难。 At first, Kate’s group ______ ______ ______ ______ the bottle rocket. 考点一、各个时态的结构及用法 一 、一般现在时 定义 (常涉及现在)表示现在经常反复发生的或习惯性的动作或状态;还可用来描述真理 谓语构成 am/is/are；do/does 时间状语 always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, hardly, never，every year，once a day，twice a week，three times a month，on Sundays等 举例 Jacob is/isn’t a sailor. 雅各布是/不是一个海员。 She sings/doesn’t sing well. 她唱得好/不好。 二、一般过去时 定义 (常涉及过去)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或状态；也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作 谓语构成 was/were； did； could； would… 时间状语 yesterday， last night， in 1990， two days ago, often， always等 举例 Mike was/wasn’t silent.迈克是/不是不爱说话。 三、现在进行时 定义 (常涉及现在某一时刻)表示(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作；也可表示现阶段一直或反复进行的动作 谓语构成 is/am/are doing 时间状语 now，at the moment，look，listen，these days，at present，from two to five等 举例 I am/am not standing on the Grand Canyon now. 我正/没有站在大峡谷上。 Look! He is playing football.看！他正在踢足球。 四、过去进行时 定义 (常涉及过去某一时刻)表示过去某个时间点或过去某时间段正在进行的动作 谓语构成 was/were doing 时间状语 at nine last night， at that time＝then， at this time yesterday， this morning， the whole morning， all day yesterday，when/while引导的时间状语从句等 举例 I was/was not looking at Victoria Falls at this time yesterday.昨天这个时候我正/没有看到维多利亚瀑布。 He broke his arm when/while he was riding the motorbike.他骑摩托车的时候折断了胳膊。 五、现在完成时 定义 (涉及过去、现在、有可能到将来)表示始于过去、持续至今的动作或状态，并可能继续下去；也可以表示过去发生或已完成的某个动作对现在产生的影响或结果 谓语构成 have/has done 时间状语 for(＋时段)，since(＋表过去的时间点)，already， yet， just， before， recently， still， lately， these years， just， up to now， so far， in/over/during the last/past few months等 举例 She has/hasn’t lived here for five years.她住/没住这儿五年了。 Have you seen it yet?你还没看见吗？ —Would you like to have dinner with me?你愿意和我们一起共进晚餐吗？ —Thanks, but I’ve had it already.谢谢，我已经吃过晚饭了。 Angel has been dead for 2 days. 安杰尔死了两天了。 高频考点 have gone to 含义：表示“去了某地（还未回来）”，强调人不在说话地点，可能在去某地的途中、已经到达该地或者在返回途中但还未回到出发地。 例句：He has gone to Beijing.（他去北京了，现在不在说话的地方 ） have been to 含义：表示“去过某地（已经回来）”，强调过去曾经有过到某地的经历，现在人已经回到说话地点。可与次数连用，说明去过某地几次。 例句：I have been to Paris twice.（我去过巴黎两次 ） have been in 含义：表示“在某地（待了多长时间）”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，强调在某个地方持续停留的状态。 例句：She has been in Shanghai for three years.（她在上海已经待了三年了 ） 六、一般将来时 定义 (涉及将来) 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事 谓语构成 will/shall do； is/am/are going to do； am/is/are doing 时间状语 tomorrow， soon，next year/week/month，in a few days，in the future，sometime，含有when或if的复合句等 举例 We’re going to meet outside the school gate soon.我们不久将在学校门口会合。 They won’t have a meeting tomorrow. 他们明天没有会议。 There are going to be two parties this Saturday. = There will be two parties this Saturday. 这个星期六将有两个派对。 七、过去完成时 定义 一件事情发生在过去，而另外一件事情先于它发生(即表示“过去的过去”)，那么发生在先的事情的动词须用过去完成时。这个过去的时间可用before等介词短语构成一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以通过上下文给出暗示。 谓语构成 “had +过去分词” 时间状语 by then，by that time，by the end of，before 2012，by the time等。 用在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词后的宾语从句中。也可用在状语从句中 此时，在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先用过去完成时；发生在后用一般过 去时。 举例 By then he had learned English for four years.到那时，他已学习英语四年了。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris. 她说她从来没去过巴黎。 八、过去将来时 定义 表示从过去的某个时间看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。它是立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看未来。 谓语构成 “would+动词原形” 时间状语 常用于主从复合句中，主句谓语动词为过去时态，从句中表示从过去那个时间看将来要发生的动作或状态，没有特定的像一般将来时那样明显的时间状语词，但常出现在含有宾语从句的句子中，主句是过去时态。 举例 例如：He said that he would come back tomorrow. 他说他明天就会回来。 She told me she would visit Paris the following year.她告诉我她第二年将去参观巴黎。 考点二、现在完成时与一般过去时区别 1. 侧重点不同 现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去，但它们所强调的重点不同：现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响；而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间，即现在完成时侧重于现在的结果，而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间。如： I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。（现在我仍记得电影的内容） I saw the film three days ago. 三天前我看了这部电影。（强调是三天前，而不是别的什么时候看的电影） Mr Green has bought a new computer. 格林先生买了一台新电脑。（着重点是格林先生现在有了一台新电脑） Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday. 格林先生昨天买了一台新电脑。（强调的是格林先生买新电脑的时间是昨天） 2. 时间状语不同 现在完成时常与already，yet，just，ever，never，before等副词以及＂for+段时间＂，＂since+过去时间/从句＂等时间状语连用；而一般过去时则常与＂时间段+ago＂，just now，yesterday，last week等表示过去的时间状语连用。如： She has lived here since two years ago. 她两年前就住在这里了。 She lived here two years ago. 两年前她住在这里。 He has been in the League for three years. 他入团已经三年了。 Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。 一、单项选择 1．（2024·四川·中考真题）Look at the children. They ________ kites in the park now. A．flew B．flies C．are flying D．will fly 2．（2024·四川广元·中考真题）Panda Yaya ________ to Beijing Zoo for over one year. She is taken good care of there. A．was back B．came back C．has come back D．has been back 3．（2024·四川广元·中考真题）—When is the school sports meeting? —It is going to be held next Thursday if it ________ that day. A．rains B．will rain C．won’t rain D．doesn’t rain 4．（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）—Mum, I ________ the living room already. —Good job! It is so tidy now. A．have cleaned B．will clean C．am cleaning D．clean 5．（2024·江苏徐州·中考真题）If you are lazy in spring, you ________ nothing in autumn. A．harvested B．will harvest C．are harvesting D．have harvested 6．（2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）In China, hotpot has a history of over 1,000 years. It first ________ in the Mongolia area, and then became popular in the southern part of China. A．has appeared B．appears C．will appear D．appeared 7．（2024·西藏·中考真题）Red Star Over China（《红星照耀中国》）is a great book. I ________ it three times already. A．read B．reads C．has read D．have read 8．（2024·北京·中考真题）—Amy, you didn’t answer my call yesterday evening. What were you doing? —Sorry, I didn’t hear the ring. I ________ a book in my study. A．am reading B．have read C．was reading D．will read 9．（2024·西藏·中考真题）He ________ have breakfast because he woke up late this morning. A．does B．did C．doesn’t D．didn’t 10．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）Mr. Green ________ China for five years. A．has been to B．has gone to C．has been in D．has come to 11．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）To make our hometown more beautiful, we _______ many trees and flowers every year. A．plant B．are planting C．planted D．were planting 12．（2025·吉林·模拟预测）I don’t know if it ________ tomorrow. If it ________, we won’t go hiking. A．will rain; rains B．will rain; will rain C．rains; rains D．rains; will rain 13．（2025·安徽·模拟预测）—Didn’t you hear that? —Oh, I ________ an online lesson when the doorbell rang. A．will take B．have taken C．am taking D．was taking 14．（2025·江苏镇江·一模）Robots ________ the whole world with the Yangko dance since this year’s Spring Festival Gala. A．impressed B．impress C．have impressed D．are impressing 15．（2025·江苏宿迁·一模）—Mike, you are late. The talk show ________ since an hour ago. —What a pity! No wonder all the students have left. A．has started B．has been on C．has ended D．has been over 16．（2025·江苏宿迁·一模）—I didn’t see you in the dining hall. But you said you would come! —I am really sorry about that. I ________ Mr Zhang carry books then. A．have helped B．am helping C．was helping D．will help 17．（2025·安徽·模拟预测）Our school ______ a boxing club last year to promote physical fitness and discipline. A．establish B．established C．will establish D．has established 18．（2024·广西防城港·一模）—May I speak to Li Ming? —Oh, he isn’t in. He ________ Ningde Science and Technology Museum. A．goes to B．has gone to C．will go to 19．（2025·安徽·模拟预测）The new campus gymnasium, built with private enterprise sponsorship, ______ next month. A．opens B．opened C．will open D．was opened 20．（2025·吉林·模拟预测）There ________ a basketball game between Class 1 and Class 2 tomorrow afternoon. A．is B．was C．will be D．has been 21．（2025·吉林·模拟预测）—What do you usually do on weekends? —I often ________ my grandparents and have a chat with them. A．visit B．visited C．have visited D．will visit 22．（2025·吉林·模拟预测）She ________ an English song at the party last night. A．sings B．sang C．is singing D．will sing 23．（2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模）My father ________ go to work by car, but now he ________ riding a bike. A．is used to; used to B．used to; is used for C．used to; is used to 24．（2025·安徽·模拟预测）In 2024, Hefei’s quantum research center ________ a major breakthrough in secure communication technology. A．achieve B．achieves C．achieved D．will achieve 25．（2025·安徽阜阳·一模）—I didn’t see you at the lantern fair yesterday afternoon. Where were you then? —I ________ lessons with my friend in the library. A．reviewed B．have reviewed C．was reviewing D．had reviewed 26．（2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·模拟预测）I borrowed the book yesterday. I _______ it for a week. Next Monday is due. A．will keep B．have kept C．have borrowed 27．（2025·江苏连云港·模拟预测）—I am looking for Simon. —He _______ the library. He will return soon. A．has gone to B．went to C．has been to D．goes to 28．（2025·吉林·模拟预测）The old man ________ for ten years. A．died B．has died C．has been dead D．was dead 29．（2025·上海金山·一模）In the past five years, our school library ________ a lot, besides having more books. A．change B．changes C．changed D．has changed 30．（2025·上海崇明·一模）—Simon, would you like to see the movie YOLO with me tomorrow? —I’m sorry, Amy. I have work to do; besides, I ________ it already. A．see B．would see C．have seen D．had seen 二、完成句子 1．（2025·河南郑州·模拟预测）因为这个男孩处理问题迅速，思维敏锐，他在那个竞赛中得了第一名。 Since the boy problems quickly and had a sharp mind, he came first in the competition. 2．（2025·河南郑州·模拟预测）你是否能有一个美好的未来取决于你的态度和努力。 Whether or not you can have a bright future your attitude and great efforts. 3．开学初，一些学生对英语不感兴趣，觉得阅读文章很难理解。 Some students English at the beginning of the term. They thought it hard to understand the reading passages. 4．（2024·广东广州·二模）到目前为止，中国很多公司已经收到了来自世界各地的许多订单。 So far, many Chinese companies many orders from around the world. 5．（2024·广东广州·二模）现如今，学生们到毕业了才意识到校园生活的好处。 Nowadays, students the benefits of school life they graduate. 6．（2024·广东广州·二模）去年冬天，我们去了哈尔滨旅行。 Last winter, we to Harbin. 7．当妈妈在厨房里煮晚餐的时候，我和爸爸在准备母亲节礼物。 My father and I Mother’s Day gifts while mum dinner in the kitchen. 8．（2024·广东广州·二模）广州以名胜古迹而闻名。 Guangzhou its ancient places of interest. 9．（2024·广东广州·二模）随着科技的迅速发展，广州近20年发生了很大的变化。 With the rapid development of technology, great changes in the past twenty years in Guangzhou. 10．（2025·甘肃·模拟预测）到2024年8月4日为止，中国队在巴黎奥运会已取得16金。 Up to August 4th, 2024, China’s team 16 gold medals in Paris Olympics. 11．（2025·甘肃·模拟预测）虽然艰难，但他们仍然成功了。 Though it was difficult, they still . 12．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）我的兄弟们经常骑自行车去上学。 My brothers often to school. 13．（2025·吉林·模拟预测）他过去常常在周末打篮球。 He play basketball on weekends. 14．（2025·吉林·模拟预测）他已经去过北京三次了。 He Beijing three times. 15．（2025九年级·北京·专题练习）除非你上课认真听讲，不然你就做不出这些数学题。 you listen carefully in class, you work these Maths problems out. 16．（2025·甘肃·模拟预测）新来的老师总是鼓励艾丽丝，这对她影响很大。 The new teacher always encourages Alice. This a big to her. 17．（2025·吉林·模拟预测）她正在听音乐。 She music. 18．（2025·陕西西安·二模）两年前她在乡下教授科学，极大地鼓舞了那里的孩子。 She in the countryside two years ago and greatly inspired kids there. 19．（2025·陕西西安·二模）九年级的学生们正忙于准备体育考试。 Students in Grade 9 preparing for the P. E. exam. 20．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）当我们向帐篷外面看时，我们看见一条大蛇睡在火旁。 When we our tent, we a big snake near the fire. 21．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）我五岁的时候开始弹钢琴。 I the piano when I was 5 years . 22．（2024·广东广州·一模）如果你仔细看上面的图，你就会知道它是如何工作的。 you look at the picture above carefully, you how it . 23．汤姆对自己感到惭愧并承诺以后都不这样了。 Tom himself and promised not to do that again. 24．（2024·广东广州·一模）人们花了三十多年才完成这项工程。 people more than thirty years the project. 25．（2024·广东广州·一模）现在越来越多的人对南国书香节感兴趣。 Now, more and more people the Festival. 26．（2024·广东广州·一模）南国书香节每年都举行。 The South China Book Festival every year. 27．（2024·广东广州·一模）直到老师介绍，我才了解南国书香节。 I the South China Book Festival my teacher told me. 28．（2024·广东广州·一模）去年十二月玛丽去伦敦旅行了一趟。 Mary to London last December. 29．（2024·广东广州·一模）他刚刚没能听清楚你说的话。 He catch you said just now. 30．（2024·广东广州·一模）当时她对体验中国文化习俗充满期待。 She Chinese culture and customs at that time. 三、短文填空 （2025·湖南·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Dragon Head-Raising Day is a 1 (tradition) Chinese festival. It 2 (fall) on the second day of the second lunar (农历) month. On the day in ancient times, people put ashes (灰) on the ground into kitchens and around water vats (缸). This was to “lead the dragon into the house”. Nowadays, people eat noodles, dumplings and deep-fired pancakes on this day. All the day’s foods are named after dragons. 3 example, noodles are called “dragon whisker (龙须)” 4 dumplings are called “Dragon teeth”. In some ancient Chinese 5 (story), dragons have power over the wind and rain. They often bring rain to the world on the second of the second lunar month. It’s 6 (say) that day there will be more and more rain. This is why 7 day is often called “Spring Dragon Day”. It was hoped that with the help of the dragon, plowing (耕种) would be 8 (easy) than before and the autumn would bring a good harvest. It was believed that a haircut during the 9 (one) lunar month brought bad luck to the uncles in a family. This is why many people put off 10 (get) their hair cut till Dragon Head-Raised Day. 四、选词填空 （2025·河南周口·一模）阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 part   avoid   from   because   I   good   write   decision   smile   excite Dear Diary, It’s me again. Last December, I 1 to you, hoping for a fruitful year. I feel thankful to the things that happened in 2024. I used to 2 some feelings like fear, worry and anger, but I can’t run away from them. Running away from them makes 3 life even more painful. Now, I accept them. They are a 4 of me, and I try to love them. It’s a work in progress, and next year it’ll be 5 than last year. Speaking of accepting, I’ve been focusing on the positives. I’m starting to appreciate (欣赏) my smile more. Whenever I smile, it looks like my whole body is 6 . I love my body for what it is, not for what I want it to be. For example, I start to love my acne (青春痘). In fact, I start to love everything that makes me imperfect, 7 my imperfections tell who I am. I am also 8 to start the new term. I can’t wait to see the people that I’ll meet. And I can’t wait to see the mistakes, choices and 9 that I’ll make. No matter how small or large, I’ll try my best. I know the new term is going to be difficult at times, but I’ve learned a lot 10 the things in 2024. That will make me less scared, so I’m ready for the new term in 2025. Cheers, Dave 第2部分 被动语态 `1.(2024年广州中考真题)One reason is that the penguin eggs by seabirds and other animals. A.eat B．ate C．are eating D．are eaten 2.(2024年广州中考真题)下周，我校将在运动日举行各种趣味运动。麦克和汤姆将参加“二人三足”赛跑。 A lot of fun games on the Sports Day in our school next week. Mike and Tom will take part in the “three-legged” race. 3.(2023年广州中考真题)This little one Little Six. He was weak and quiet. A. called B. was calling C. was called D. were called 4.我希望有一天我的绘画作品会在美术馆展出。 (2023年广州中考真题)I hope one day my art works in the art gallery. 5.(2024年深圳中考真题)I (introduce) to the dragon boat racing in the spring of 2023. 6.(2022年深圳中考真题)“The piece ‘Jasmine Flower’ (choose) specially for this show,”Lang Lang said,”I  played this beautiful piece from my own culture, 7.(2024年广东省中考真题)Now at the age of fifteen, he £15 every week. A．gives B．is given C．is giving 8.(2023年广东省中考真题)At the age of seven, David had the first astronaut (宇航员) training experience. He and his parents to a Family Space Camp. A．invited B．are invited C．were invited 9.(2022年广东省中考真题)Students in the school to get up at 6:45 a.m. to practice their basic skills. A． ask B．asked C．were asked 10.(2022年广州中考真题)在科学老师的帮助下，凯特小组的水火箭得以成功发射。 With the help of the science teacher, the bottle rocket ______ ______ successfully by Kate’s group. 一、被动语态的定义 英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。在主动语态时，句子的主语是这个动作的执行者；在被动语态时，句子的主语是这个动作的承受者。如： They built this house. 他们建造了这座房子。 主语they是built这个动作的执行者，动词用主动语态。 →The house was built by them. 这座房子是由他们建造的。 主语the house是built这个动作的承受者，动词用被动语态。 二、常见不同时态的被动语态及其构成 被动语态由“系动词be＋动词过去分词”构成。它和主动语态一样有人称、数和时态的变化，主要通过系动词be的变化来体现。 以动词do为例，几种常用时态的主动语态和被动语态的结构形式如下： 时态 结构 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are＋done This kind of bag is made in China. 这种包是在中国制造的。 一般过去时 was/were＋done He found it interesting that so many products in the local shops were made in China. 他发现当地商店里那么多产品都是中国制造的，这很有趣。 一般将来时 will/shall＋be＋done The project will be finished in a month.这个项目将在一个月内完成。 含情态动词 情态动词＋be＋done Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. 青少年们应该被允许选择他们自己的衣服。 现在完成时 have/has been done The homework has been finished by Jim.吉姆已经写完家庭作业了 现在进行时 am/is/are+being+done A new road is being built outside my house.我家门口正在修一条新路。 过去进行时 was/ were+being+done The man was being questioned by the police.这个人当时正在被警察盘问。 三、被动语态的否定句和疑问句 (1) 被动语态的否定句在be后加not。如： The song is not liked by young people. 这首歌不受年轻人喜爱。 (2) 被动语态的疑问句将be提至主语前。如： Is Chinese used only in China? 汉语只在中国使用吗？ — Are these computers made in the USA? 这些电脑是美国制造的吗？ — Yes, they are. 是的。 No, they aren’t. 不，不是的。 四、主动变被动的方法 一般情况：宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词变被动 主动：Many people speak Chinese in the world. 被动：Chinese is spoken by many people in the world. 特殊情况 ①双宾语：如果间接宾语作被动的主语，直接宾语前要有介词“to或for”。 如：He gave me a book. → A book was given to me by him. ②还原“to”的被动语态：如果谓语动词是“使役动词”和“感官动词”，主动句中的宾语补足语是省去“to”的不定式，变成被动时要加上“to”。 如：He makes me clean the room. → I was made to clean the room by him. 五、主动结构表被动意义的情况（即无被动语态） （1）不及物动词（短语）无被动，如 happen,take place,rise,appear,disappear, come true, break out等。 The sun rises in the east.太阳在东方升起。 （2）open, lock, write, read, sell，clean,burn等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，用于描述主语的特征或性质,，可用主动语态表被动意义。 如：This kind of pen writes very smoothly. 这种钢笔写起来很流畅。 （3）look，sound，taste，smell，feel, prove等系动词没有被动结构，故用主动结构表被动意义。 如：My advice proved to be wrong.我的建议被证明是错的。 She looks beautiful. 她看起来很漂亮。 （4）want/need/require＋doing相当于want/need/require＋to be done，to be done为不定式的被动结构。 如：Your bedroom needs cleaning right now. ＝Your bedroom needs to be cleaned right now.你的房间需要立马被清理。 （5）be worth doing用主动形式表被动意义。 如：The movie is really worth watching. 这部电影真的值得一看。 【解题技巧】 被动语态解题技巧需要注意两点： ①判断动作的执行者或承受者。一般情况下，选项中有be+done 的结构就是考查被动语态。 ②判断好时态。考查时态和语态结合为河北省常考方式，故在做题过程中一定要兼顾好时态和语态两个方面。对此，首先，观察语境，确定题目所用的时态；其次，分析选项，若选项中出现两个被动语态的选项(be＋done)，则基本可判定本题就是考查被动语态，由此可排除两个主动语态的选项；最后，同时考生应熟记几种常考的被动语态的构成，再结合句意及给出的时间状语或已经发生动作的时态，选取对应的时态。 一、单项选择 1．（2024·四川广元·中考真题）—Good morning! May I have a plate of dumplings, please? —Sorry. Dumplings ________ only at dinner. A．serve B．are served C．are serving D．will serve 2．（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）I feel proud that Chinese ________ by the most people in the world. A．is saying B．is spoken C．speaks 3．（2024·天津·中考真题）Lao She wrote many plays and he _________ “the People’s Artist”. A．names B．named C．was named D．has named 4．（2024·江苏连云港·中考真题）Robot dogs _________ as volunteers for the first time during the 2023 Asian Games. A．use B．used C．are used D．were used 5．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）—A fashion show _______ in our school hall next week. —Great! I’m looking forward to it! A．holds B．is held C．was held D．will be held 6．（2025·上海嘉定·一模）Shakespeare’s plays on stage more than a million times. A．will be performed B．were performed C．are being performed D．have been performed 7．（2025·四川成都·一模）More mistakes ________ if you go over the paper carefully for a second time. A．are found B．will find C．can be found 8．（2024·四川达州·中考真题）—Bob, your room is so dirty. It must ________ every day. —OK. Mom, I’ll do it right now. A．clean B．be cleaned C．is cleaned 9．（2024·广东珠海·模拟预测）My 5G Huawei Mobile phone doesn’t work well now , and I think it needs________. A．to repair B．repairing C．being  repaired D．to be repairing 10．（23-24九年级上·吉林松原·期末）Great changes ________ in our country in the past few years. A．have taken place B．took place C．will take place D．have been taken place 二、完成句子 1．（2024·广东广州·一模）为了帮助有需要的人，社区将设立一个志愿者组织。 To help those in need, a voluntary group in the community. 2．（2024·上海·模拟预测）So far he has done a lot of reports on the environment successfully. (改为被动语态） So far a lot of reports on the environment done by him. 3．（2024·上海·模拟预测）The citizens must divide everyday waste into four different categories. (改为被动语态) Everyday waste must into four different categories by the citizens. 4．（2024·甘肃武威·二模）Jane wrote several articles about memory last month. (被动语态) Several articles about memory by Jane last month. 5．（2024·上海浦东新·一模）At night, Daming hangs a light from the front of the raft. (改为被动语态) At night, a light from the front of the raft. 6．（2024·上海奉贤·一模）The teacher chose five students to work as volunteers on the Open Day. (改为被动语态) Five students by the teacher to work as volunteers on the Open Day. 7．（2024·贵州·模拟预测）据报道，中国已经为非洲儿童提供了大量的帮助。 It that China has offered much help to some African countries already. 8．（2024·广东广州·二模）今年广交会备受全世界关注。 This year’s Canton Fair by people from all over the world. 9．（2024·广东广州·二模）通过加入社团，我们的能力可以得到提升，我们的热情能被发掘。. By joining clubs, our abilities    and our passions can be discovered. 10．（2024·广东广州·二模）《热辣滚烫》这部电影在今年春节期间上演了。 The film Yolo during this year’s Spring Festival. 11．（2024·广东广州·三模）每年有大量的食物被扔掉。 A large amount of food every year. 12．（2024·贵州黔东南·二模）贵州的著名建筑梅坦茶博物馆，以巨型茶壶的形式建成。 The Meitan Tea Museum, a famous building in Guizhou, in the shape of a giant teapot. 13．（2025九年级·北京·专题练习）越来越多的新书籍将送给贫困山村的孩子们。 More new books to the children in the poor villages. 14．（2025九年级·北京·专题练习）这项工作很快就会完成。 This work soon. 15．（2024·广东广州·二模）天猫精灵是一款智能语音助手, 在很多家庭中广泛使用。 Tmall Genie is an AI voice helper. It widely in many families. 16．（2024·广东广州·二模）哈尔滨人民举办了国际冰雪节的大型庆典。 A big celebration of International Ice and Sculpture Festival by people of Harbin. 17．（2024·广东广州·一模）下个月，我们学校将会举办一系列关于太空的讲座。 A series of lectures on space in our school next month. 18．（2024·广东广州·一模）有一次，老师要求他背诵《蜀道难》。 Once, he by his teacher to recite the Difficult Road to Shu. 19．（2024·广东广州·一模）游客不允许带自己的食物去喂动物。 Visitors to feed animals with their own food. 20．（2024·广东广州·一模）今年的优胜者将被邀请参加我们学校的科学周活动。 The winners this year to join in our school’s Science Week. 三、语法填空 （2024·四川遂宁·中考真题）根据下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内所给单词的正确形式。 The oil-paper umbrella has a history of over 1,000 years in China. There are different 1 (story) about the invention of the umbrella in China. The most popular one has something to do with Lu Ban. It’s said that once he and his wife visited the West Lake. It started raining suddenly. His wife said, “Let’s have 2 competition. Before sunrise tomorrow, the one who comes up 3 a good way to visit the West Lake even on rainy days will be the winner.” Lu Ban 4 (think) it was easy. He collected some tools and materials. Then he spent the whole night 5 (build) pavilions (亭子) around the lake. He was quite proud of his work. The next morning, 6 Lu Ban talked about his achievements and felt proud, his wife held something unusual in her hand. It could be opened into a round shape. Lu Ban was 7 (surprise). He found that the object, made of silk and bamboo, could be opened and closed 8 (easy). It was light, beautiful and easy to carry. Lu Ban said, “You win. Your invention can protect us from rain better.” So the umbrella 9 (invent). Later, people began to use paper, which was 10 (cheap) than silk. To make the umbrella water-proof, people brushed a kind of oil on the surface. So the oil-paper umbrella appeared. 53 / 54 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$