Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Using language-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（外研版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Using language Art is everywhere around us! For example，on some buildings in my city，beautiful pictures ①are being painted.Some people don't like graffiti，but I think it's really colorful.Even trees can be art—trees ②are being trimmed into interesting shapes，like animals or clouds.And look up—impressive，original buildings ③are being built in every neighbourhood.It is easy to see great art nowadays，because it ④is being created everywhere you go. 文中加黑部分是现在进行时态的被动语态，其构成是am/is/are being done，表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的被动动作，其含义为“某人/某事此时此刻正在被……”。 现在进行时的被动语态 一、基本概念、构成和用法 现在进行时的被动语态同主动语态一样强调目前或现阶段正在进行的动作。现在进行时的被动语态由“am/is/are＋being＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。其用法如下： 1．表示此时此刻正在进行的被动动作。 A storybook is being read by Jim at the moment. 吉姆现在正在读那本故事书。 2．表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作。 A new dormitory is being built in our school. 我们学校正在建立一幢新的宿舍楼。 3．表示反复进行的被动动作，通常和always, constantly等词连用，含有厌恶或喜欢等感情色彩。 To my surprise, that book is always being read by him. 让我惊讶的是，汤姆一直在读那本书。 4．表示按计划或安排将要进行的被动动作。如： A party is being held on Christmas in our school. 我们学校今年圣诞节将举办一场派对。 ————即学即练1———— 单句语法填空 ①In Wuhan, another bridge is being built (build) over the Yangtze River right now. ②The engineer is being treated (treat) unfairly now and it should be changed. ③I don't know whether the life of pandas is being studied (study) by the scientists. 二、结构 1．肯定式：主语＋am/is/are＋being done... Some trees are being cut down in the park. 公园里的一些树木正在被砍倒。 2．否定式：主语＋am/is/are＋not being done... It is reported that the water in the lake is not being protected now. 据报道，这个湖里的水现在没有得到保护。 3．一般疑问式：Am/Is/Are (not)＋主语＋being done...? Are the babies being taken care of by this nurse? 这些婴儿正由这个护士照看吗？ 4．特殊疑问式：疑问词＋am/is/are (not)＋(主语＋)being done...? Who is being trained for the coming English speech contest? 谁为了即将举行的英语演讲比赛正接受训练？ ————即学即练2———— 根据提示完成句子 They are building a modern school in his hometown. ①A modern school is being built in his hometown.(改为被动语态) ②A modern school isn't being built in his hometown.(把句①改为否定句) ③Is a modern school being built in his hometown？(把句①改为一般疑问句) ④Where is a modern school being built？(对句①in his hometown进行提问) 二、使用现在进行时的被动语态应注意的问题 1．在现在进行时的被动语态中，be为第一助动词，being为第二助动词，缺一不可，且位置不可互换。此结构若缺少being, 则成为一般现在时的被动语态或系表结构。 ①My father is being examined by the doctor now.(现在进行时的被动语态) 现在医生正在给我父亲做检查。 ②Usually patients are examined by doctors first, but in the future machines that can “read” your body may examine you.(一般现在时的被动语态) 通常，病人先由医生检查，但是在未来，可能会由能“读懂”你身体的机器给你检查。 2．及物动词短语是一个整体，在被动语态中不要遗漏后面的介词或副词。 The homeless elderly people are being taken good care of in the nursing home. 无家可归的老人们在养老院正得到很好的照顾。 3．“be＋under/in等介词＋名词”结构可表示现在进行时的被动语态的含义。 ①The problem is under discussion (is being discussed) at the meeting. 这个问题正在会上讨论。 ②The telephone is in use (is being used) now. 这部电话现在正在使用中。 ————即学即练3———— 一句多译 ①约翰的自行车正在被修理，他将不得不乘公共汽车上学。 →John will have to go to school by bus as his bike is being repaired． →John will have to go to school by bus as his bike is under repair． ②目前，为了提供更便利的交通，许多地铁站，包括我们学校附近的地铁站在内，都正在建设中。 →Many subway stations，including the one near our school，are being constructed at present for better transport in the city. →Many subway stations，including the one near our school，are under construction at present for better transport in the city. ③这个计划将如何实施正在讨论中。 →How the plan will be carried out is being discussed． →How the plan will be carried out is under discussion． hang v．悬挂；吊；低垂；绞死，施以绞刑 hang up 挂断电话 hang out/about/around 闲荡；闲逛 hang on＝hold on (打电话时)别挂断；坚持，不放弃；等一下，停一下 hang on to sth. 抓紧某物；保留；不放弃 【练透】　完成句子 ①无论我们是去上学，做家庭作业还是在周末闲逛，我们几乎都不在彼此的视线之外。 Whether we're going to school, doing homework or just hanging out at the weekend, we're hardly out of each other's sight. ②这名勇敢的女生坚守生命近两个月，令医生们感到震惊。 The brave schoolgirl amazed doctors by hanging on to life for nearly two months. 【点拨】　在hang的不同含义下，其过去式和过去分词有两种形式： ①hang→hanged→hanged(绞死)　②hang→hung→hung(悬挂) lack v．没有，缺乏 n．缺少，缺乏 (1)lack sth. 缺乏某物 (2)(a) lack of... 缺乏……，……不足 no lack of 不缺 for lack of 缺乏……，因缺乏…… (3)lacking adj.没有；匮乏；缺乏 be lacking in 缺乏；没有 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①She felt nervous, increasingly lacking in confidence about herself. ②生活中并不缺少美，而是缺少发现美的眼睛。(主旨升华) There is no lack of beauty in our life but (a) lack of the eyes to discover it. ③由于缺乏资金，他们放弃了这个计划。 They gave up the plan for lack of money． (时间：45分钟　满分：100分) 　 Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每题2分，共12分) 1．There were several expensive suits hanging (hang) in the wardrobe. 2．They have got everything ready and they lack for nothing. 3．Hengshui will soon take on a new look as many roads and streets are being widened (widen). 4．Making (make) the right decision about our future is probably the most important thing we will ever do in our life. 5．Our English teacher creates a friendly and relaxing atmosphere in the class where we are free to express ourselves. 6．Many people have to look up the meaning of this word in a dictionary. Ⅱ.链接写作——用现在进行时的被动语态完成句子(每题3分，共15分) 1．这些天正在进行着许多有趣的实验。 Many interesting experiments are being carried out these days. 2．据报道河南的那个墓仍然正在挖掘中。 It is reported that the tomb is still being dug in Henan. 3．那个国家的环境正被严重地污染着，以至于所有的人都难以忍受。 The environment in that country is being polluted so badly that all the people can't stand it. 4．那座桥正在被重建，我受不了这噪音。 That bridge is being rebuilt，but I can't stand the noise. 5．希望工程目前正在募集资金，我们将能达成预定目标。 Money is being collected for the Hope Project and we will reach the expected goal. Ⅲ.链接写作——完成语段(每题2分，共14分) It is a sunny day in spring.The garden party is coming and celebration activities 1.are being prepared for it (正在为它作准备).The Potter family are busy working in the garden.Many trees 2.are being planted (正在被种植) by Tom.3.Some repairs are being done (一些维修工作正在进行中) on the roof by Mr.Potter.The beautiful flowers 4.are being watered (正在被浇水) by Mrs.Potter.Mary's newborn baby 5.is being fed (正在被喂) by Mary.The dinner 6.is being cooked (晚饭正在被做) in the kitchen by Jane.The two other little children 7.are being looked after (正在被照看) by grandparents now on the grass.They are having great fun. Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题3.5分，共14分) Chinese painting，also known as the traditional national painting，one of the traditional paintings with a long history，has its unique and independent system.Using brushes，ink，and Chinese pigments (颜料)，a painting is drawn on a special kind of paper (Xuan paper) or silk.The traditional subjects are figures，landscapes，flowers and birds. In comparison with Western painting，Chinese painting has its own artistic characteristics. After a careful study of the object，a painter can discover the rules of its structure，and then produce it by the mind's eye.It is not merely a simple copy，but it combines the object with the artistic concept of the producer，turning a natural image into an “artistic image”．The object can show the artist's feelings and personality to achieve the effect of “being alike not only in appearance，but also in spirit”．Not all the objects are to be drawn on the paper，and much space is left for the imagination.The use of lines is important in Chinese painting.Clear，swift，sharp and changeable lines are combined with the push，point and press of the brush and ink to show the quality of the object and variations of tone (色调).Ancient Chinese artists listed 18 different ways of drawing lines with the brush in figure painting.Different ways of creating lines are used when painting a landscape，flowers and birds，clouds，and bamboos. Traditional Chinese painting and calligraphy are different branches of art stemming (起源) from the same origin.They use the same kind of tools and all the lines used in painting are variations of the points and lines of calligraphy.Though they are different artistic forms，they are closely linked in terms of their expression of thoughts and feelings.They influence each other to create another artistic feature. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。中国画又称传统国画，是历史悠久的传统绘画之一，有其独特而独立的体系。中国传统绘画和书法是不同的艺术分支，它们有着相同的起源。 1．Which of the following words can describe the common subjects of traditional Chinese painting? A．Valuable. B．Independent. C．Special. D．Natural. 解析：选D。推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The traditional subjects are figures，landscapes，flowers and birds.”可知，“自然的”可以描述中国画的共同主题。故选D。 2．The writer believes that a traditional Chinese painter's picture ． A．reflects social problems of his times B．describes mainly a natural image C．expresses his thoughts D．tells a true story 解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The object can show the artist's feelings...in spirit，”可知，作品能表现艺术家的情感和个性，达到“外表上、精神上都一样”的效果。所以，作者认为一个中国传统画家的画表达了他的思想。故选C。 3．It can be inferred that ancient Chinese painters spent much time ． A．traveling B．learning to draw lines C．reading D．studying calligraphy before drawing 解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Ancient Chinese artists listed...and bamboos.”可推知，古代中国画家花了很多时间学习画线。故选B。 4．What do painting and calligraphy have in common? A．Using the similar techniques. B．Starting from the same period. C．Belonging to the same artistic form. D．Covering the same themes. 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Traditional Chinese painting...lines of calligraphy.”可知，中国传统绘画和书法是不同的艺术分支，它们有着相同的起源。他们使用同样的工具，绘画中使用的所有线条都是书法的点和线的变化。所以，绘画和书法使用类似的技巧。故选A。 Ⅱ.完形填空(每题2分，共30分) A Ghanaian man in Africa, who once made glass jewelry (珠宝), is now focusing on more than 1 ．The glass artist is reducing glass waste and helping his country both economically and 2 ． Tetteh got to 3 the art of glass blowing (吹制) during a visit to Europe in 2012, then he became the nation's only professional glass blower.Later, the beautifully­colored, artistic flower holders or water carriers really 4 him. Why not 5 more Ghanaian people to make art pieces from glass? With efforts, Tetteh set up his own workplaces in Ghana where, every day, they 6 broken glass from waste centers and turn it into 7 for family use and decoration.Ghana is largely 8 on import of glass.After all, Ghana buys about ＄300 million yearly worth of glass and pottery from other countries. Tetteh melts the 9 glass from old televisions or bottles and turns the old glass into hot liquid. Using a long pole to remove a ball of melted glass, he starts working to 10 the glass into colorful items people can use again.Actually, In the past ten years, Tetteh's 11 has not only saved the country a lot of money but got the country 12 ． Tetteh, now 44, loves what he is doing.“Glass is my 13 ， but Ghana is my heart，” he laughed, 14 to do something for his country 15 ． [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位加纳的艺术家泰特将玻璃废料变成艺术品的故事。 1． A．efforts B．skills C．family D．usage 解析：选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意：一位在非洲的加纳人曾经制作过玻璃珠宝，现在他关注的不仅仅是技能。根据上文“who once made glass jewelry”可知，此处表示他关注的不仅仅是技能。故选B项。 2． A．environmentally B．emotionally C．practically D．physically 解析：选A。考查副词词义辨析。句意：这位玻璃艺术家正在减少玻璃浪费，并在经济和环境方面帮助他的国家。根据下文“they 6 broken glass from waste centers and turn it into 7 for family use and decoration”可知，此处表示他在环境方面帮助自己的国家。故选A项。 3． A．refer to B．learn C．admire D．apply 解析：选B。考查动词词义和短语辨析。句意：泰特在2012年访问欧洲期间学习了玻璃吹制的艺术，然后他成为了全国唯一的专业玻璃吹制者。根据下文“the art of glass blowing during a visit to Europe in 2012, then he became the nation's only professional glass blower.”可知，泰特学习了玻璃吹制的艺术。故选B项。 4． A．affected B．changed C．inspired D．confused 解析：选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，这些色彩艳丽、艺术性的花托或水瓶真的启发了他。根据下文“Why not 5 more Ghanaian people to make art pieces from glass? With efforts, Tetteh set up his own workplaces in Ghana”可知，此处表示玻璃制品启发了他。故选C项。 5． A．train B．allow C．attract D．follow 解析：选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意：为什么不培训更多的加纳人用玻璃制作艺术品呢？根据下文“more Ghanaian people to make art pieces from glass”以及“they 6 broken glass from waste centers and turn it into 7 for family use and decoration”可知，此处表示培训更多人用玻璃制作艺术品。故选A项。 6． A．produce B．introduce C．improve D．collect 解析：选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过努力，泰特在加纳建立了自己的工作场所，在那里，他们每天从垃圾中心收集碎玻璃，并将其转化为用于家庭使用和装饰的艺术品。根据下文“broken glass from waste centers”可知，他们从垃圾中心收集碎玻璃。故选D项。 7． A．reality B．art C．truth D．money 解析：选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过努力，泰特在加纳建立了自己的工作场所，在那里，他们每天从垃圾中心收集碎玻璃，并将其转化为用于家庭使用和装饰的艺术品。根据下文“for family use and decoration”可知，此处表示用于家庭使用和装饰的艺术品。故选B项。 8． A．poor B．dependent C．unnoticed D．wild 解析：选B。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：加纳的玻璃主要靠进口，毕竟加纳每年从其他国家购买价值约3亿美元的玻璃制品和陶器。根据下文“Ghana buys about ＄300 million yearly worth of glass and pottery from other countries.”可知，此处表示很大程度上是有依赖性的。故选B项。 9． A．changeable B．colorful C．harmful D．abandoned 解析：选D。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：泰特将旧电视机或瓶子中的废弃玻璃熔化，并将旧玻璃变成滚烫的液体。根据上文“they 6 broken glass from waste centers”以及下文“turns the old glass into hot liquid”可知，此处表示泰特熔化废弃的玻璃。故选D项。 10．A．mix B．put C．shape D．beat 解析：选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意：他用一根长杆子移走一个熔化的玻璃球，开始将玻璃塑造成人们可以再次使用的彩色物品。根据下文“the glass into colorful items people can use again”可知，此处表示塑造熔化的玻璃。故选C项。 11．A．patience B．devotion C．invention D．payment 解析：选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，在过去的十年里，泰特的奉献精神不仅为国家节省了很多钱，而且使国家变得更加整洁。根据上文“With efforts, Tetteh set up his own workplaces in Ghana where, every day, they 6 broken glass from waste centers and turn it into 7 for family use and decoration.”可知，此处表示泰特的奉献精神。故选B项。 12．A．happier B．simpler C．cleaner D．safer 解析：选C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，在过去的十年里，泰特的奉献精神不仅为国家节省了很多钱，而且使国家变得更加整洁。根据上文“they 6 broken glass from waste centers and turn it into 7 for family use and decoration”可知，泰特使用废弃玻璃制作艺术品，会使得国家变得更整洁。故选C项。 13．A．dream B．profession C．choice D．decision 解析：选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意：“制作玻璃制品是我的职业，但加纳是我的心，”他笑着说，很骄傲可以为他的在困难中的国家做些事情。根据上文“With efforts, Tetteh set up his own workplaces in Ghana”可知，此处表示制作玻璃制品是泰特的职业。故选B项。 14．A．proud B．struggling C．anxious D．trying 解析：选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“制作玻璃制品是我的职业，但加纳是我的心，”他笑着说，很骄傲可以为他的在困难中的国家做些事情。根据上文“but Ghana is my heart”可知，此处表示可以为国家做事情，泰特很骄傲。故选A项。 15．A．at risk B．in danger C．by chance D．in need 解析：选D。考查介词短语辨析。句意：“制作玻璃制品是我的职业，但加纳是我的心，”他笑着说，很骄傲可以为他的在困难中的国家做些事情。根据上文“Ghana buys about ＄300 million yearly worth of glass and pottery from other countries”可知，加纳这个国家是处于困难中的。故选D项。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每题1.5分，共15分) The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, one of the top ten ancient Chinese paintings, shows the prosperity (繁荣) of Bianjing, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty.Regarded as“China's Mona Lisa”， the national treasure kept in the Palace Museum in Beijing 1. (display) only every few years. The 528­centimeter­long work is noted for its reasonable 2. (arrange) and perfect composition (构图).With the painting gradually unfolded, the first thing 3. (catch) the eye is the early spring scenery outside Bianjing: streams, bridges, boats and sprouting (发芽) trees.Some travelers are hurrying on their way in the thin fog, 4. (present) a typical picture of the Qingming Festival. At the end of the country road 5. (come) the middle part—the Bianhe River, the “Golden Waterway” of Bianjing.Several ships are sailing on the river while some others are docked (停泊) with goods being unloaded, 6. truly shows the advanced shipping industry at that time. The last part is the crowded and noisy downtown, where various people are going about various businesses.So 7. (incredible) alive does the painting look that it seems as if we could see the people walking by and hear 8. they are talking about. Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival serves as 9. window to the Northern Song Dynasty, providing very 10. (value) materials for future generations to understand and study Chinese people's economic and social life over 800 years ago. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了《清明上河图》的内容及其对后代的意义。 1．解析：is displayed。考查时态和语态。句意：这一被誉为“中国的蒙娜丽莎”的故宫博物院珍藏的国宝每隔几年才会展出一次。根据句中时间状语“every few years”可知，本句叙述的为经常性的事件，所以时态为一般现在时。句子主语the national treasure为单数名词，与动词display为动宾关系，所以display用被动。故填is displayed。 2．解析：arrangement。考查名词。句意：这幅528厘米长的作品以其合理安排和完美的构图而著称。形容词修饰名词，结合设空前形容词reasonable及空后and perfect composition可知，所以此处应用arrange的名词形式arrangement，故填arrangement。 3．解析：to catch。考查非谓语动词。句意：随着画作的逐渐展开，首先映入眼帘的是汴京城外的早春景色： 溪流、桥梁、船只和发芽的树木。当名词前有序数词修饰时，其后用不定式作定语，结合设空前the first thing可知，此处应用不定式。故填to catch。 4．解析：presenting。考查非谓语动词。句意：一些旅行者在薄雾中匆匆赶路，展示了清明节的典型画面。分析可知，空格及之后的内容作伴随状语，表示一些旅行者在薄雾中匆匆赶路的情景所展示的含义，逗号前整句话的内容与动词present为逻辑上的主谓关系，所以此处用现在分词。故填presenting。 5．解析：comes。考查时态和主谓一致。句意：乡村道路的尽头就是中间部分——汴河，这是汴京的“黄金水道”。分析可知，本句为完全倒装，句子主语the Bianhe River为单数含义，结合全文的时态，所以此处应用单三形式。故填comes。 6．解析：which。考查定语从句。句意：有几艘船在河上航行，还有一些停靠在码头卸货，这真正显示了当时先进的航运业。分析可知，空白处及之后的内容为非限制性定语从句，空白处指代整个主句，在从句中作主语，所以填关系代词which。故填which。 7．解析：incredibly。考查副词。句意：这幅画看起来栩栩如生，仿佛我们可以看到人们走过，能听到他们在谈论什么。分析可知，本句为so引导的部分倒装句，alive为形容词，所以此处用副词incredibly，故填incredibly。 8．解析：what。考查宾语从句。句意同上。分析可知，空白处及之后的内容为hear的宾语从句，空处在从句中作介词about的宾语，所以此处用what。故填what。 9．解析：a。考查冠词。句意：《清明上河图》是人们了解宋朝的窗口， 为后人了解和研究八百多年前中国人的经济和社会生活提供了非常有价值的资料。window“窗户”为可数名词，此处指《清明上河图》这幅画作为后人了解宋朝的一个窗口，所以此处应用不定冠词a。故填a。 10．解析：valuable。考查形容词。句意同上。修饰名词用形容词。materials“材料”为可数名词，所以前面用形容词修饰，所以填形容词valuable，故填valuable。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$