Unit 3 Section Ⅲ Developing ideas&Presenting ideas-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（外研版2019）

Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas & Presenting ideas Ⅰ.读文章细节 1．What does the text mainly talk about? A．Scientific research should be based on truth. B．Franklin's experiment with lightning is very famous. C．Franklin's experiment with lightning is a complete fiction. D．We shouldn't question some famous scientists' experiments. 2．Why did Franklin made the experiment with lightning? A．He was interested in flying kites. B．He wanted to show his bravery and his unique method. C．He desired to prove that he was more capable than other scientists. D．He was eager to know whether lightning was really produced by electricity or something else. 3．What is the purpose of the story of Newton? A．To show the accepted story is true. B．To show Newton was brave to bear the hit of an apple. C．To show Newton was lucky to find the theory of gravity. D．To show the accepted story is questioned by the scientists. 4．What can we infer from the last three paragraphs? A．People tend to believe in truth instead of the interesting fiction. B．Scientists don't think Franklin really touched the key during the experiment. C．Scientists never question the story about the apple that fell on Newton's head. D．People have been more inspired by the facts themselves than Franklin's spirit of scientific exploration. 答案：1～4　ADDB Ⅱ.学表达技巧 动作描写 [教材1]　Franklin then touched the key with his finger and got an electric shock.　 [分析]　句中用touched the key with his finger生动形象地描写了触电的情形。使描写具有画面感，使人物更立体。 [仿写]　尝试用动作描写补全句子 女士用手指碰了碰右膝盖，大叫道，“哇，疼！” The woman touched her right knee with her finger and yelled, “Wow, that hurts！” 心理描写 [教材2]　More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth. [分析]　句中been amazed by表现了数代学生对富兰克林的勇气及其追寻真理时采用的科学手段的惊叹。类似的还有：be seized by shock震惊； speechless with shock惊得说不出话来；throw sb.into astonishment使某人震惊。 [仿写]　尝试用心理描写补全句子 当你仔细看他们的剪纸作品时，你会被这些美妙的图案所惊艳。 You will be amazed by those wonderful designs when you look at their paper­cutting works carefully. 表达质疑 [教材3]　Scientists often question accepted ideas because they want to establish the facts. [分析]　句中question为动词，表示“对(某事物)感到怀疑，质疑”。用于提出问题或对某事的有效性或真实性表示疑问。 [仿写]　尝试用质疑表达补全句子 自从报告与他的实验结果不符以来，他一直在质疑报告的真实性。 He has been questioning the truth of the report since it doesn't match with his experimental result. 高频词汇练全 attach v．系，绑；贴；把……附(在……上)；重视；与……有关联 (1)attach...to... 把……附在……上；……与……有关联 attach importance/significance/value to... 认为……重要/有意义/有价值 (2)attached adj.依恋；爱慕；附属于 attached to 爱慕，喜欢；附属于 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Another aspect I attach great importance to is visual special effects.(选自译林B2U1) ②如果你能抽时间审查这封电子邮件所附的草稿并做出必要的修改，我将不胜感激。(求助信) I would appreciate it a lot if you could spare some time to review the draft (which is) attached to this e­mail and make necessary changes. ③别忘了在你的申请表上附上一张近期的照片。(招聘启事) Don't forget to attach a recent photograph to your application form. 【点拨】　上述搭配中的to皆为介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。 conduct v．传导(热、电)；指挥；实施，执行；带领；行为，举止 n．行为；举止 (1)conduct a survey 进行调查 conduct oneself 举止良好 (2)conductor n．导体；指挥；售票员 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The virtual choir was the idea of award­winning composer and conductor (conduct) Eric Whitacre.(选自人教B2U5) ②让我们恼怒的是他在聚会上表现不好。 What annoyed us was that he didn't conduct himself at the party. ③最近为了解高三学生的睡眠时间，开展了一项调查。(调查报告) Recently a survey has been conducted to find out how many hours of sleep the Senior 3 students get. account n．记述，描述；账目；账户 v．解释，说明；(数量上、比例上)占；认为是 (1)on account of 因为；由于 take...into account/consideration 考虑到；把……考虑在内 (2)account for (数量上)占；解释，说明 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He explained he made a mistake on account of his illness. ②其次，经典文学名著占了这些书的三分之一，其中一部是《西游记》。 Second, classic literary masterpieces account for one third of the books, one of which is Journey to the West. ③我真诚地希望你能考虑我的建议，并期待你的早日回复。(建议信) I sincerely hope that you can take my suggestions into account/consideration and I'm looking forward to your early reply. look for 寻找 look through 浏览 look after 照顾；照看 look out 当心 look up 查阅 look back on 回忆；回顾 look forward to 期盼 look up to 尊敬；钦佩 look down on/upon 轻视，看不起 【练透】　完成句子 ①请你帮我浏览一下论文，看看有没有错误好吗？(求助信) Would you please look through the paper for me and see if there are any mistakes? ②如果你自己都瞧不起自己，没人会瞧得起你。 Nobody will look up to you if you look down on/upon yourself. ③我喜欢回顾我的中学时代，那是我生命中最快乐的时光。 I like to look back on my high school days, which were the happiest in my life. take place 发生 take the place of＝take one's place 代替；就座 in place of 代替 in place 在合适的位置，恰当 out of place 不在合适的位置，不恰当 【练透】　完成句子/一句多译 ①我们可能永远不会知道那一夜发生了什么事。 We may never discover what took place that night. ②经理将要出差，他不在时我将代替他。 ②－1 The manager will be away on business and I'll take his place during his absence. ②－2 The manager will be away on business and I'll take the place of him during his absence. die from 死于(外因) die of 死于(内因) die away 逐渐减弱；逐渐消失 die off 相继死去 die out 灭绝；消失 die down 逐渐减弱，逐渐平息 【练透】　完成句子 ①我反对吸烟的原因是，每天都有许多人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。 The reason why I argue against smoking is that many people die of diseases related to smoking every day. ②尽管风势已经逐渐减弱，雨还是下个不停。(天气描写) The rain remained steady though the wind had died down． ③许多珍稀动物快要灭绝了。我们必须找到保护环境的方法。(环境保护) Many rare animals are dying out．We must find ways to protect the environment. 【点拨】　die of和die from都可以用来表示死亡；die of强调死因与个体自身有关，即内因(如疾病，衰老等)；而die from强调死因来自外部环境，即外因(如事故、中毒、自然灾害等)；若死因是由环境影响到体内，即两方面共同导致，则二者皆可。 中频词汇练会 Ⅰ.一词多义 1．根据语境选出draft的含义 A．vt.草拟　B．n.草稿　C．vt.抽调； 派遣　D．vt.征募， 征召……入伍 ①This is only the first draft of my speech. B ②They sat down and drafted a letter to the local newspaper. A ③He has been drafted as a soldier. D ④Extra police have been drafted into the town after the violence. C 2．根据语境选出flash的含义 A．n.闪光　B．vi.一闪而过，掠过　C．vt.(向……)用光发出(信号)　D．vi.发出闪光 ①Lightning flashed in the distance. D ②Red lights flashed a warning at them. C ③A look of anger flashed across his face. B ④A bright flash of lightning lit up the sky. A Ⅱ.熟词生义——猜测句中加黑词汇的词性及含义 ①I experimented many times and finally I made it.vi.试验，做试验 ②He prefers light fiction to serious novels.n.小说 ③He doesn't think you realize the gravity of the situation.n.严重性 ④Miss Ada has just sent me the proofs of her new book.n.校样 重点句式练透 句型公式：不定式作状语 (教材原文)Franklin, along with many other scientists, has inspired us and taught us that scientific experiments are important in order to establish the truth and to contribute towards later scientific discoveries and inventions.富兰克林和其他许多科学家一起激励我们并教导我们，无论是为了证实真理，还是为促成以后的科学发现和发明，科学实验都是重要的。 本句中in order to establish...inventions作状语，表示目的。不定式作状语的用法： (1)原因状语。不定式作原因状语时，通常位于情感类形容词或表示心理活动的形容词/过去分词之后，表示产生某种情感或心理活动的原因。 (2)目的状语。不定式作目的状语时可位于句首和句末，且不定式前可加in order/so as，但so as to不能位于句首。不定式作目的状语有时可以转换为so that引导的目的状语从句。 (3)结果状语。不定式作结果状语常表示意外的结果，常在不定式前加only。 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译 ①In order to save (save) this species from extinction, the Chinese government placed it under national protection.(选自人教B2U2) ②他急忙赶到车站，却被告知火车已经发车了。(动作描写) He hurried to the station only to be told that the train had left． ③为了成功，我们不得不勇敢地直面失败并从中吸取教训。 In order to succeed, we have no alternative but to face failure bravely and learn from it. ④他叫了一辆出租车，以便能及时到达。 ④－1 He took a taxi in order that/so that he could get there in time.(目的状语从句) ④－2 He took a taxi in order to/so as to get there in time．(简单句) 句型公式：虚拟语气 (教材原文)But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key, he would certainly have died from the electric shock. 但是科学家们一致认为，如果富兰克林真的碰了钥匙，他肯定会死于电击。 本句中使用的是虚拟语气。if引导的条件状语从句表示对过去事情的虚拟，从句谓语使用过去完成时，主句谓语使用would＋have＋过去分词。 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法： (1)与现在事实相反时，从句谓语：一般过去时(be动词用were) 主句谓语：would/should/could/might＋动词原形； (2)与过去事实相反时，从句谓语：过去完成时 主句谓语：would/should/could/might＋have＋过去分词 (3)与将来事实相反时，从句谓语：一般过去时(be用were)/should＋动词原形/were to＋动词原形 主句谓语：would/should/could/might＋动词原形 【练透】　完成句子 ①要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都不成问题。 If my brother were here, everything would be all right.(与现在事实相反) ②如果明天下雨的话，我们就得推迟运动会。 If it rained/were to rain/should rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the sports meeting.(与将来事实相反) ③如果朱莉娅以前练习得足够努力，她昨天在舞台上会表现得更好。 If Julia had practised hard enough before, she could have performed better on the stage yesterday.(与过去事实相反) ④如果我早听从你的建议，我就会通过这场重要的考试了。 If I had followed your advice earlier，I would have passed the important exam．(与过去事实相反) (时间：45分钟　满分：100分) Ⅰ.单词拼写(每题1分，共8分) 1．The report presents a faithful account (记述) of the event. 2．Although the police thought he was the most likely one, since they had no exact proof (证据) about it, they could not arrest him. 3．Metal (金属) products and paper products require a lot of energy to produce, so you should find ways to use these again without throwing them away. 4．This is not standard procedure (程序) but this is why I love my doctor. 5．For all the feelings readers attach (与……有关联) to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. 6．Arrows would continue to fly forward forever in a straight line without gravity (重力). 7．Most plastics do not readily conduct (传导) heat or electricity. 8．Many works of fiction (小说) appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady”． Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每题1.5分，共15分) 1．A good idea flashed into my mind that we can make good use of used materials. 2．The scientist devoted himself entirely (entire) to his research. 3．There is no doubt that we should attach great importance to environmental problems. 4．It is said that body language accounts for 55 per cent of the first impression while what you say just 7 per cent. 5．Most students in our class go in for all kinds of scientific (science) activities. 6．There is no proof (prove) that it was the man who stole the money last night. 7．After three weeks' discussion，they will sign the declaration (declare) tomorrow. 8．The job market has changed and our approaches to finding (find) work must change as well. 9．If there are words you do not understand, look them up in a dictionary. 10．Most panda babies die from illnesses and do not live very long. Ⅲ.完成句子/句式升级(每题4分，共24分) 1．为了给青少年树立一个良好的榜样，是时候重视演员的道德行为了。 It is time to attach great importance to the moral behavior of actors in order to set a good example for teenagers. 2．如果老师们没有帮助我，我就不会取得好成绩。(if引导的虚拟条件句) If the teachers hadn't given me a hand，I wouldn't have made great marks my classmates. 3．他的考试成绩不是很好，但我们必须要把他曾经长期生病考虑在内。 His exam results were not very good，but we must take into account his long illness． 4．为了进一步阐明这一问题，莱恩和史密斯做了一次试验。 To throw further light on this problem, Lyon and Smith conducted an experiment． 5．音乐会将于下星期六举行，你愿意和我一起去吗？ The concert will take place/be held next Saturday；would you like to go with me? 6．The game is so significant that it is required that everyone should present themselves punctually. →So significant is the game that it is required that everyone should present themselves punctually.(倒装句) Ⅳ.课文语法填空(每题1.5分，共15分) New research suggests that Benjamin Franklin's famous experiment with lightning may be fiction instead 1.of fact. During a storm in 1752，Franklin raised a kite with a piece of string 2.tied (tie) to it.A flash of lightning hit the kite，and electricity 3.was conducted (conduct) through the string to the key. Franklin then got an electric shock.For many years，schools 4.have taught (teach) the story of Franklin's lightning experiment.5.However, neither the story nor the details of the experiment 6.are (be) entirely true.Scientists all agree that if Franklin had 7.actually (actual) touched the key，he would certainly have died from the electric shock.Some scientists have even questioned the story about the apple 8.that/which fell on Newton's head and led him 9.to come (come) up with his theory of gravity. Admittedly，fiction is often 10.more interesting (interesting) than the truth.But we should not always believe everything we read or hear—even if it is a great story. Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题3.5分，共28分) A Today，China has conducted its first 3D printing experiment in space in a newly launched spacecraft，which was put into low­Earth orbit by China's Long March 5B heavy­lift carrier rocket. Video broadcast on CCTV showed that the printer has printed a flat section of a honeycomb­ shaped structure as well as a symbol of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corp，the parent company of the China Academy of Space Technology.The experiment was done by a 3D printer，developed and built by its Beijing Spacecrafts Manufacturing Factory，inside the prototype (原型) of China's new­generation manned spacecraft. The printer，named the Space­Based Composite Material 3D Printing System，uses carbon fiber­reinforced materials to autonomously print objects.It is placed in the re­entry module (返回舱) of the experimental spaceship，and will be brought back to Earth once the module returns. The printer features advanced technologies in material modeling，accuracy control and automation.Once the space­based 3D printing technology becomes operationally ready，it can extensively benefit space programs as astronauts can use it to manufacture (大规模制造) a lot of things they currently now need to obtain from resupply flights by cargo spacecraft. Wang Yanan，editor­in­chief of the Aerospace Knowledge magazine，said the 3D printer will be very useful in extended space missions，such as those in a space station，because it will allow astronauts to make components (零件) quickly and conveniently in space.The technology will save future space journeys considerable resources and costs. In fact，the device is not the only representative of 3D printing onboard the prototype. A CubeSat deployer，designed and made through 3D printing by CoSats Space Technology，is also carried by the spacecraft to check the adaptability of 3D­printed equipment in space.CoSats Chief Operating Officer Bai Ruixue said the 3D­printed deployer is much lighter and stronger than its counterparts and it will have huge potential in the space industry. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国在新发射的航天器中进行了首次太空3D打印实验。一旦基于太空的3D打印技术可以投入使用，将为未来的太空旅行节约大量的资源和成本。 1．What did the video broadcast on CCTV show to the audience? A．The process and the products of the 3D printing. B．The name and the shape of the 3D printer. C．The significance of the 3D printing technology. D．The relationship between the two companies. 解析：选A。细节理解题。文章的第二段首句提到中央电视台报道了这台打印机打印出了一个蜂巢状结构的平面部分以及中国航天科技集团公司的标志。由此可知，中央电视台的报道展示了3D打印的过程以及产品。故选A。 2．What if a component is broken in the space station when the space­based 3D printing technology comes into operation? A．It has to be sent by spaceship back to Earth for repair. B．The astronauts can make one using 3D printing and replace it. C．The astronauts can fix it conveniently by hand on the spot. D．It has to be unloaded and abandoned in space. 解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第四段内容及第五段的第一句可知，3D打印技术投入使用后，如果空间站的一个部件坏了，宇航员们可以用3D打印技术制作一个并更换它。故选B。 3．What is the writing purpose of the last paragraph? A．To introduce the CubeSat deployer produced in space. B．To explain the advantages of the 3D printing in space. C．To show the adaptability of 3D printing in space. D．To indicate a bright future of 3D printing in space. 解析：选D。写作意图题。由最后一段最后一句可判断出，最后一段的目的是表明太空中的3D打印技术有巨大的潜力，有光明前景。故选D。 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．3D Printing Experiment Conducted in Space B．3D Printing Set to Help Ease Space Trips C．3D Printing Launched by Long March 5B D．3D Printing—A New Way to Explore Space 解析：选B。标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了中国在新发射的航天器中进行了首次太空3D打印实验，一旦基于太空的3D打印技术可以投入供用，将为未来的太空旅行节约大量的资源和成本。所以这篇文章的最佳题目是“3D打印使太空旅行更容易”。故选B。 B They come suddenly，without warning，and the question in your mind “Why now？” melts into the depressing realization that this could mean the end of your life.Until now. A new machine­learning system of artificial intelligence(AI) can successfully predict the risk of cardiac arrest (心脏骤停) using timing and weather data，according to a new study published in the journal Heart. The study found that the out­of­hospital risk of cardiac arrest was highest on Sundays，Mondays，during sharp drops in temperature during or between days，and on public holidays.The new findings could serve as an early warning system，lowering the risk of deadly episodes and raising survival chances，in addition to improving emergency medical services' ability to prepare for serious situations.This is significant because out­of­hospital cardiac arrests are common globally，and are generally linked to low survival rates. To deepen the research，the scientists evaluated the capacity of machine learning to anticipate daily out­of­hospital cardiac arrests via timing，as in the year，season，day of the week，hour of day，and daily weather，like snowfall，temperature，wind speed，and atmospheric pressure readings. Between 2005 and 2013，1，299，784 cases happened，and machine learning was implemented for 525，374 cases using timing data，weather，or both for a training dataset.These results were then contrasted with 135，678 cases that happened between 2014 and 2015，to examine the model's capacity for accuracy for anticipating the statistical number of daily cardiac arrests in other years. “This predictive model may be useful for preventing out­of­hospital cardiac arrest，” said the researchers. However，it's critically important to note that this study does not promise a way to predict when people will really die from cardiac arrest.As a leading cause of death，the new machine­learning AI merely predicts when the risk of having a heart attack is high. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一种新的人工智能机器学习系统，该系统可以利用时间和天气等数据成功预测心脏骤停的风险。 5．What's Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The seriousness of cardiac arrests. B．The power of artificial intelligence. C．The great significance of the findings. D．The symptoms of cardiac arrests. 解析：选C。段落大意题。第三段前两句描述了心脏骤停发生风险最高的时间段，然后阐述了新发现可以对心脏骤停做出预警，降低发病风险，提高生存机会等，意义重大，故本段主要讲了新发现的重大意义，选项C与文意相符，故选C。 6．What does the underlined word “implemented” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Created. B．Applied. C．Suspended. D．Updated. 解析：选B。词义猜测题。根据画线词前后语境可推知，在2005年至2013年间，机器学习系统通过数据等信息预测了525 374例心脏骤停的发生，所以画线词此处含义是 “应用，实施”，选项B符合题意，故选B。 7．What's the author's attitude to the warning system? A．Critical. B．Negative. C．Doubtful. D．Objective. 解析：选D。观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可推知，对于这个人工智能预警系统作者仅仅是做了客观性的评价，故选D。 8．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To state the potential risks of heart attacks. B．To stress the importance of conducting researches. C．To introduce a breakthrough of a disease prediction. D．To point out the shortcomings of modern technology. 解析：选C。写作意图题。根据第二段内容及全文可知，本文的写作目的是介绍一种可以用来预测心脏骤停风险的人工智能机器学习系统。选项C与文意相符，故选C。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每题2分，共10分) Do you find yourself taking a nap (打盹) at your desk, even after what you thought was a good night's rest? Then you probably have the same question as so many others: How much do I need to sleep？1. ．This is put forward by Dr.Raj Dasgupta, an assistant professor at the Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California.However, here are a few ways to improve your sleep. “Stick to a bedtime routine.2. ．You can even keep a journal to note down these sleep times and how often you wake up at night，” said Dasgupta.By doing this you can have an idea of what works for you.Besides, you should also make sure your room is dark, cool and comfortable when you go to sleep. Turn off the electronic devices.Do this as early as possible before bed.3. ．“Particularly if you are aiming to fall asleep earlier, it's important to expose yourself to bright natural light as early as possible in the day, and to limit exposure to light in the hours before bedtime，” he said.“Electronic devices mimic (模仿) many of the wavelengths in sunlight that cue your body to stay awake.” 4． ．Dasgupta's recent study showed that focusing attention training could also help children sleep over an hour more per night.They can take breathing exercises and yoga, for example. Set good food and exercise habits.Finally, eating healthily and keeping a daily fitness routine can support better sleep at night.“5. ，” he said.“Exercise relieves stress.It also helps build up your drive to sleep at night.” A．Try focusing attention techniques B．The answer is not so straightforward C．Seek to get training of some relaxing exercises D．You should be consistent with exercise during the day E．Light exposure can affect your body's sleep­wake cycle F．There will be a new electronic device on the market soon G．It is great to go to bed and wake up at the same time every day [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几条关于如何提高睡眠质量的建议。 1．解析：选B。根据上文“Then you probably have the same question as so many others: How much do I need to sleep？”可知，B项“The answer is not so straightforward”承接上文，针对上文提出的问题作出了一个回答，符合语境。故选B项。 2．解析：选G。根据该空前“Stick to a bedtime routine.”和该空后“You can even keep a journal to note down these sleep times and how often you wake up at night, said Dasgupta.”可知，此处主要强调规律作息的重要性，因此，G项“It is great to go to bed and wake up at the same time every day”切题，该选项承上启下，符合语境。故选G项。 3．解析：选E。根据下文“‘Particularly if you are aiming to fall asleep earlier, it's important to expose yourself to bright natural light as early as possible in the day, and to limit exposure to light in the hours before bedtime，’ he said.”可知，此处主要强调光线对睡眠的影响，因此，E项“Light exposure can affect your body's sleep­wake cycle”切题，且该选项中的light与下文中的light相呼应。故选E项。 4．解析：选A。根据下文“Dasgupta's recent study showed that focusing attention training could also help children sleep over an hour more per night.They can take breathing exercises and yoga, for example.”可知，本段主要阐述集中注意力的技巧，因此，A项“Try focusing attention techniques”切题，且该选项中的attention与下文中的attention相呼应。故选A项。 5．解析：选D。上文“Set good food and exercise habits.Finally, eating healthily and keeping a daily fitness routine can support better sleep at night.”和下文“Exercise relieves stress.It also helps build up your drive to sleep at night.”可知，此处强调锻炼对身体的重要性，D项“You should be consistent with exercise during the day”承上启下，符合语境。故选D项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$