课下巩固训练（16）-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义配套练习（人教版2019）

课下巩固训练（十六） (时间：45分钟　满分：100分) Ⅰ.单词拼写(每题1.5分，共15分) 1．He is a shallow (肤浅的) thinker whose opinions aren't worth much. 2．The hotel has special facilities (设备) for welcoming disabled people. 3．Thanks for your directions to the house；we wouldn't have found it otherwise (否则). 4．A hospital spokesman said she had suffered a fatal (致命的) heart attack. 5．Our country has a large population，vast territory and abundant resources (资源). 6．To avoid knee pain，you can run on soft surfaces to strengthen your leg muscles (肌肉). 7．Though lacking (缺乏) money，his family lived an enjoyable life. 8．I don't want to argue (争论)with you.Just do what you like since you never listen to me. 9．Regular (经常的) exercise is an important part of keeping me healthy. 10．Patients who are given the new drug will be asked to monitor (监测) their progress. Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每题2分，共20分) 1．The shortage of water has become a global (globe) problem that needs to be solved urgently. 2．He was in an argument (argue) with his landlord downstairs. 3．He regularly (regular) drove from his home to his place of employment. 4．As long as you are able to work，you need to provide for yourself and your family. 5．Currently (current)，a great many people buy something on the Internet. 6．This machine is very easy to operate (operate).Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. 7．Listening (listen) to loud music at rock concerts has caused hearing loss in some teenagers. 8．In order to get a complete picture, further information is needed. 9．Millions of people survive on a very limited (limit) diet. 10．I attach great significance to the news because it concerns the success or failure of the plan. Ⅲ.完成句子(每题4分，共20分) 1．不管是晴天还是雨天，他六点钟就起床到公园里散步。(whether...or...) Whether it was fine or wet, he got up at six and took a walk in the park. 2．他决定更加努力学习以赶上其他人。(so as to) He decided to work harder so as to catch up with the others． 3．据说你的新同事很难相处。(be＋adj.＋to do) It is said that your new colleague is hard to get along with． 4．我们必须跑起来，要不然就赶不上看电影了。(otherwise) We must run；otherwise we will be late for the movie. 5．我一直非常重视英语口语，所以说一口流利的英语对我来说是没有问题的。(attach) I have been attaching great importance to spoken English, so it is no problem for me to speak English fluently. Ⅳ.课文语法填空(每题1.5分，共15分) Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions, whether to Mars 1.or other planets much further away. Firstly, 2.exploring (explore) space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.A number of the satellites record data on land and weather patterns.As 3.a result, space­based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food 4.to feed (feed) Earth's increasing population. Secondly, space exploration has already promoted technological 5.improvements (improve) that benefit us all.High­end products around the world 6.are made (make) to a higher standard now because of advanced technology 7.that/which was first created to meet the requirements for space exploration. Finally, sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the world's problems and even to find ways 8.to solve (solve) them.Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet's resources are limited.The 9.greatest (great) attention at present is on Mars because it is closer to Earth.In the future, humans may live on both planets. 10．In closing, exploring space provides the world with many different benefits.Therefore, it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions to people's short­term and long­term problems. Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分，共20分) A (2024·高一下广西北海期末)The first spacecraft to visit China's Tiangong space station in 2024—the Tianzhou 7 robotic cargo (货船) ship—is scheduled to launch in the coming days, according to the China Manned Space Agency. Tianzhou 7 will become the 12th spaceship to visit the Chinese space station.Pang Zhihao, an expert on space exploration technology who worked at the China Academy of Space Technology for decades, said that the Tianzhou 7 is expected to transport living necessities and work materials to the Tiangong to support the Shenzhou XVⅡ and XVⅢ mission crews (成员). “Starting from the Tianzhou 6, our cargo vessels now have more inner space and thus can contain more things for the crew, so launching three cargo ships is enough to support a two­year stay in orbit for astronauts, ”he said.“Our Tianzhou series has been well developed and improved, and can be fully relied upon.” The Long March 7 rocket to lift the Tianzhou 7 was transported to the Wenchang centre in late December 2023 and then underwent prelaunch checks with the cargo ship.The Long March 7 model is a rocket developed by the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology.The rocket has a height of 53.1 metres, a core­stage diameter of 3.35 metres, and a liftoff weight of 597 metric tons.With six 120­ton­thrust engines, the launch vehicle can send 13.5 tons of things to a low­Earth orbit or 5.5 tons to a sun­synchronous (太阳同步的) orbit. On the afternoon of January 12，2024, the Tianzhou 6 cargo craft moved out of the Tiangong space station and started a period of solo flight.The space agency said the Tianzhou 6 will fall back to Earth soon, and most of the spaceship will burn up during reentry, and a small amount of debris (碎片) is expected to fall into secure areas in the South Pacific Ocean. [语篇解读]本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了天舟系列货运飞船，它强大的运载能力和稳定性保障了天宫空间站的补给。 1．How many spaceships have visited the Chinese space station before Tianzhou 7? A．6. B．7. C．11. D．12. C　[细节理解题。根据第二段“Tianzhou 7 will become the 12th spaceship to visit the Chinese space station.”可知，在天舟七号之前，有11艘宇宙飞船访问过中国空间站。故选C。] 2．What does Pang Zhihao think of Tianzhou series? A．Advanced and dependable. B．Big and creative. C．Developed and light. D．Useful and fast. A　[推理判断题。根据第三段“Our Tianzhou series has been well developed and improved, and can be fully relied upon.”可知，庞之浩认为天舟系列货运飞船是非常先进和可靠的。故选A。] 3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The importance of the Wenchang centre. B．The information about the low­Earth orbit. C．An introduction to the Long March 7 rocket. D．The preparation before the space exploration. C　[段落大意题。根据第四段可知，本段主要介绍了运载天舟七号的长征七号火箭的高度、运载量等相关信息。故选C。] 4．What do we know from the last paragraph? A．The Tianzhou 6 will stay in the space forever. B．The Tianzhou 6 left the Earth on January 12，2024. C．All spaceships will completely burn up during reentry. D．Some parts of the Tianzhou 6 will drop into the sea． D　[细节理解题。根据最后一段“The space agency said the Tianzhou 6 will fall back to Earth soon, and most of the spaceship will burn up during reentry, and a small amount of debris (碎片) is expected to fall into secure areas in the South Pacific Ocean.”可知，天舟6号的一些碎片会掉入海中。故选D。] B (2024·高一下陕西渭南期末)Should humans explore space? If you ask me, I'll definitely give a positive answer. The exploration of space has a direct impact on the lives of humans, as well as the state of our world.Satellites moving around the earth enable communication across the world, connecting people of different continents and broadcasting information worldwide.The Global Positioning System (GPS) can identify our location anywhere.Furthermore, weather satellites can predict harmful weather conditions.It allows humans to prepare for deadly natural disasters and save lives. Space programs can also indirectly contribute to the solution to poverty and world hunger.For example, large pieces of land could be used far better if humans applied technologies.The most effective tool is the artificial earth satellite.It can screen areas of land within a very short time, indicating useful measures such as the condition of crops, soil rainfall and droughts.It can then send this information to ground stations on the earth for better use. Furthermore, access to better education means better life prospects and opportunities for human beings.Rural (乡村的) communities have disadvantaged access to education.And satellite communication technologies are trying to bridge this gap.With the development of technology, students can now access any information and connect with peers and teachers in different parts of the world through video conferences and the creation of virtual classrooms. Space exploration is something we can do for future generations.Mankind is using the resources provided on the planet, but these will run out one day.Overpopulation can be a threat for all mankind.With the development of space technology, it will be wise to use and explore the vast potential of other planets, such as the availability of mining resources on asteroids or other planets. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章具体介绍了进行探索太空的好处和必要性。 5．What can space exploration do according to Paragraph 2? A．Improve the traffic on the earth. B．Promote travel between countries. C．Help prevent deadly natural disasters. D．Help humans communicate and exchange information. D　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“Satellites moving around the earth enable communication across the world, connecting people of different continents and broadcasting information worldwide.”可知，太空探索可以帮助人类沟通和交换信息。故选D项。] 6．How can space programs help with poverty and world hunger? A．By benefiting crop production with artificial earth satellites. B．By transporting food worldwide more easily. C．By creating job opportunities for the poor. D．By protecting available electricity resources. A　[细节理解题。根据第三段可知，太空项目可以通过利用人造地球卫星促进作物生产来帮助减轻贫困和世界饥饿。故选A项。] 7．What does the author think of exploring mining resources on other planets? A．Time­wasting. B．Arguable. C．Necessary. D．Useless. C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，地球上的资源是有限的，利用太空技术去使用和探索其他行星的巨大潜力是明智之举。由此可知，作者认为在其他星球上开采资源是必要的。故选C项。] 8．What would be the best title for the text? A．Why Is Space Exploration Important? B．Why Should Humankind Keep Thinking? C．Why Should We Recover Space Technology? D．Why Should Humans Keep Developing Technologies? A　[标题归纳题。通读全文，并结合第一段“Should humans explore space? If you ask me, I'll definitely give a positive answer.”可知，文章认为人类应该进行太空探索，具体介绍了探索太空的好处和必要性。因此，A项“为什么太空探索很重要？”符合文章主旨，最适合作为标题。故选A项。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每题2分，共10分) (2024·高一下广东广州期末)Sending astronauts to Mars is a big challenge.It's a long, dangerous journey.And astronauts will have to take EVERYTHING they need.1. Launching things into space is expensive.“To get to Mars, we already have the technology，” says Michael Flynn.“The problem is, it's costly.” 2． Instead of building a heavy spaceship and packing it full of stuff, why not build Water Walls—a recycling system and use the stuff as part of the spaceship？Making oxygen and taking away carbon dioxide——the waste gas you breathe out—is one problem in space.Water Walls will remove carbon dioxide the same way it's done here on Earth—with living plants.Living plants take in carbon dioxide to make their food, and give off oxygen.But plants are hard to grow in a spacecraft.3. Algae are tiny plants that live in water.The algae will live in bags in the walls too, fed by poop and sunlight, eating up carbon dioxide and making oxygen for the astronauts to breathe. 4． It's compact (紧密的), efficient, and doesn't need a lot of fancy machinery that might break down.A mission to Mars will require astronauts to get back to nature. Alas, the human body needs a lot of help to survive in space.If only we were more like the tardigrade! Tardigrades are very tiny insect­like creatures that live in soil.When they find themselves in danger, they roll themselves up into a ball and dry out.In this state they can survive without food or water for 100 years.5. A．Algae can be a good choice. B．Nothing is wasted in the spacecraft. C．But Flynn thinks he has a solution. D．So a trip to Mars is full of packing challenge. E．If only we could train them to fly a spaceship. F．This onboard recycling system has many advantages. G．The more you take, the more rockets you must launch, and the more it costs. [语篇解读]本文是说明文，介绍了关于火星之旅的挑战、成本问题以及一种可能的解决方案——使用Water Walls回收系统，并提到了藻类作为可能的选择，以及这种系统的一些优势。 1．D　[根据前文“将宇航员送上火星是一项巨大的挑战。这是一段漫长而危险的旅程。宇航员将不得不带上他们所需要的一切”可知，设空位于段尾是对前文的总结，所以D项“So a trip to Mars is full of packing challenge.(所以火星之旅充满了打包东西的挑战)”符合文意，是对前文的总结，宇航员需要带上很多东西，但是空间有限，所以充满了打包东西的挑战。故选D项。] 2．C　[根据第二段可知，此处是讲述送东西到火星，成本太高，后文“与其建造一艘沉重的宇宙飞船并把它装满东西，为什么不建造Water Walls——一个回收系统，把这些东西作为宇宙飞船的一部分呢？”是提出一种解决方法，所以C项“But Flynn thinks he has a solution.(但弗林认为他有办法)”符合文意，承接上文，并引出下文。故选C项。] 3．A　[根据前文可知，后文开始介绍藻类，所以空处应是提到用藻类解决植物很难在宇宙飞船中生长的问题，所以A项“Algae can be a good choice.(藻类是一个不错的选择)”符合文意，提出解决方案，引出下文。故选A项。] 4．F　[设空处位于段首，为本段中心句，根据后文“它紧凑、高效，而且不需要很多可能会坏掉的花哨机器。前往火星的任务将要求宇航员回归大自然”可知，本段在讲述Water Walls回收系统的优点，所以F项“This onboard recycling system has many advantages.(这种机载回收系统有许多优点)”符合本段主题，为本段中心句。故选F项。] 5．E　[设空处位于段尾，是对前文的总结，此处是在讲述水熊虫这种生物对于宇宙航行的优势，所以E项“If only we could train them to fly a spaceship.(要是我们能训练它们驾驶宇宙飞船就好了)”是对前文提到的水熊虫的假设，符合文意。故选E项。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$