课下巩固训练（15）-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义配套练习（人教版2019）

课下巩固训练（十五） (时间：50分钟　满分：100分) Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每题1.5分，共15分) 1．I was watching the clock all through the meeting as I had a train to catch (catch). 2．George returned home after the war, only to be told (tell) that his wife had left him. 3．This is the best way we can think of to reduce (reduce) the waste of water in students' bathrooms. 4．The airport to be completed (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area． 5．Our tour includes a chance to walk (walk) in the footsteps of Van Gogh and Gauguin. 6．It's said that Jackson is the best man to do (do) the job. 7．The plum trees are the first to flower (flower)even as the snow is melting (融化). 8．He's always the first one to come (come) to the classroom. 9．We're never going to have enough time to explore (explore) everything! 10．To enjoy (enjoy) the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones. Ⅱ.链接写作——完成句子(每题2.5分，共15分) 1．为了找个好座位，她早早地就到了。 In order to/To get a good seat, she arrived early. 2．他匆忙赶到那所房子里，却发现已经空无一人。 He hurried to the house, only to find that it was empty． 3．请递给我一张可以写字的纸。 Pass me a piece of paper to write on, please. 4．它给像你我一样的青少年提供了一个享受运动和了解中国文化的机会。 It offers teenagers, like you and me, a chance to enjoy sports and learn about Chinese culture． 5．实际上，我一直期望能在周日和你见面，一起度过一段美好的时光。 Actually, I have been expecting to meet you on Sunday to have a good time． 6．我希望我爸爸能像我妈妈那样容易相处。 I wish that my father were as easy to get along with as my mother． Ⅲ.链接写作——完成语段(每题2.5分，共15分) I immediately called Sally 1.to/in order to/so as to explain the misunderstanding (为了解释误会).After getting through，I was 2.so guilty as to apologize to her sincerely (深感愧疚，真诚地向她道歉).She said softly，“Never mind.I also have the strong desire 3.to make up with you (和你和解).” I was 4.too moved to control my tears (太感动以至于控制不住我的泪水).From then on，I determined to trust my loved ones，because a little mistake can be serious enough 5.to end our precious friendship (毁掉我们珍贵的友谊).After all，trust is 6.the easiest thing in the world to lose (世界上最容易失去的东西). Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分，共20分) A (2024·高一下吉林通化期末)Researchers have identified two ancient star groupings that appear to be among the Milky Way's earliest parts.The structures (结构) are named Shakti and Shiva．They were discovered using observations from the European Space Agency's Gaia． Scientists wrote in a study that the structures might be the remains of two galaxies (星系) that connected 12 billion years ago with the early pieces of the Milky Way.They said the discovery offers new information about how our galaxy formed. Led by astronomer Khyati Malhan from the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, the study, recently published in The Astrophysical Journal, probes the basic question of galaxy formation and shows more about galaxy formation.The Milky Way, a large spiral galaxy spanning about 100, 000 light­years, is probably identified by this study. The European Space Agency launched Gaia in 2013.It is helping to create the largest and most complete three­dimensional (三维的) map of the Milky Way.It is measuring the positions, distances, and movements of the stars.These information permitted researchers to find Shakti and Shiva． This study builds upon a 2022 discovery using Gaia data, identifying the “poor old heart” of the Milky Way, made up of stars from its earliest periods near the center.These ancient stars, different chemically, are termed “metal­poor”， containing fewer heavy elements like iron, carbon, and oxygen compared to stars elsewhere in the galaxy.These elements came from the universe's earliest stars, which spread them upon their death. Malhan said researchers would like to track the formation and development of the Milky Way starting from the beginning of it until present day.But he said this was difficult because the earliest period of the galaxy took place 11 to 12 billion years ago.Scientists say the Big Bang event started the formation of the universe about 13.8 billion years ago. [语篇解读]本文是一篇新闻报道，文章主要讲的是研究人员已经发现了两个古老的恒星群，它们似乎是银河系最早的部分。这些结构被命名为Shakti和Shiva。它们是通过欧洲航天局盖亚卫星的观测发现的。 1．What are the Shakti and Shiva structures most likely to be according to the text? A．The largest stars of the Milky Way. B．Black holes within the Milky Way. C.The oldest star structures in the Milky Way. D．Ruins of two galaxies joining to the early Milky Way. D　[细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Scientists wrote in a study that the structures might be the remains of two galaxies(星系)that connected 12 billion years ago with the early pieces of the Milky Way.”可知，Shakti和Shiva结构最有可能是两个在120亿年前与银河系的早期部分相连的星系的遗迹。故选D项。] 2．What does the underlined word “probes” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Explores. B．Avoids. C．Protests. D．Stops. A　[词义猜测题。天文学家Khyati Malhan领导的这项研究让我们了解到了星系形成的基本问题，并展示了更多关于星系形成的知识；由此可知，画线词probes的意思是“探索，发现”，与A项explore意思相近。故选A项。] 3．What does Paragraph 4 focus on? A．The definition of Gaia． B．The data from Gaia． C．The launch of Gaia． D．The function of Gaia． D　[段落大意题。根据文章第四段“The European Space Agency launched Gaia in 2013.It is helping to create the largest and most complete three­dimensional (三维的) map of the Milky Way.It is measuring the positions, distances, and movements of the stars.These information permitted researchers to find Shakti and Shiva．”可知，第四段主要围绕着盖亚的功能展开。故选D项。] 4．What does Malhan think of tracking the origin of the Milky Way? A．Interesting. B．Challenging. C．Risky. D．Costly. B　[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知，Malhan认为追踪银河系的起源是具有挑战性的。故选B项。] B (2024·高一下陕西咸阳期末)For any astronaut hoping to survive on the surface of the moon, growing crops will be important.Now, scientists have taken “one small step” towards growing plants on the lunar surface, after showing it's possible to grow thale cress (阿拉伯芥), a small flowering plant, in the lunar soil. The findings raise hopes that plants could be grown on the moon during future space missions, and even enable mankind to set up a lunar settlement.“For future, longer space missions, we may use the moon as a launching platform，” explained Professor Rob Ferl.“It makes sense that we would want to use the soil that's already there to grow plants.” Until now, scientists have not grown plants in the soil.“So, what happens when you grow plants in the lunar soil? What would plants do in a lunar greenhouse? Could we have lunar farmers？” Professor Ferl questioned. To answer these questions, researchers from Florida set out to plant thale cress seeds in the lunar soil, add water, nutrients and light, and see what happened.The researchers chose to use thale cress because its genetic code has already been fully mapped.For comparison, the researchers also planted seeds in a range of soils, including those that are similar to the Martian soil.To their delight, the researchers found that nearly all of the seeds grew.However, they did observe differences between the plants grown in the lunar soil and those grown in the control soils.Some of the plants grown in the lunar soil were smaller, while others grew more slowly or were more varied in size. “Growing plants in the lunar soil may also change the moon itself，” according to Dr.Stephen Elardo.“The moon is a very, very dry place，” he said.How will minerals in the lunar soil respond to having a plant grown in them, with the added water and nutrients? Will adding water make the minerals friendlier to plants? The researchers hope to answer these questions in follow­up studies. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究，即在月球土壤中种植植物是可能的，这一发现为未来在月球上种植作物提供了希望，也为人类在月球上建立定居点提供了可能。 5．What's the second paragraph mainly about? A．The plants grown in the lunar soil. B．The significance of the findings. C．The missions of future space exploration. D．The hope for setting up a lunar settlement. B　[段落大意题。根据文章第二段第一句可知，第二段主要讲的是这一发现的意义。故选 B。] 6．Why did researchers use thale cress in the experiment? A．It has a long evolutionary history. B．Its genes are suitable for the lunar soil. C．People have a good knowledge of its genes. D．It has been tested with the lunar soil before. C　[细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句可知，研究人员在实验中使用阿拉伯芥是因为人们对它的基因有很好的了解。故选 C。] 7．What did researchers find about the plants grown in the lunar soil? A．They didn't grow well enough. B．They grew slowly in the dark. C．They absorbed few minerals. D．They needed more water to grow bigger. A　[细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句“一些在月球土壤中生长的植物较小，而另一些生长较慢或大小不一。”可知，研究人员发现生长在月球土壤中的植物生长得不够好。故选 A。] 8．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Growing plants in the lunar soil doesn't need any water. B．The lunar soil is actually not suitable for growing plants. C.Growing plants in the lunar soil is as easy as that in normal soil. D．There are still problems on growing plants in the lunar soil to be solved. D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段“How will minerals in the lunar soil respond to having a plant grown in them, with the added water and nutrients? Will adding water make the minerals friendlier to plants? The researchers hope to answer these questions in follow­up studies.”可知，在月球土壤中种植植物还存在一些问题需要解决。故选D。] Ⅱ.完形填空(每题1分，共15分) I was walking home from school on a windy winter day.It was 1 and I forgot my hat and scarf (围巾).My cheeks were rosy red and my hands were numb (麻木的). All of a sudden，an old lady 2 beside me and asked if I would like a ride home.Her 3 smile melted (融化) away the thought that I should never talk to strangers，so I said OK.We had an amazing 4 on the road.When she dropped me off she also told me her address. I didn't see her for about a month.One night as I 5 her kindness，I decided to return the favor.I made a lot of 6 and walked down to her house with my friend.At first I was a bit 7 she wouldn't remember me or think that I was a bad man who poisoned cookies.I was 8 wrong.She was very happy and seemed so 9 that someone would do something like that! When I got home my mom told me that the old lady 10 and told my mom on the phone that she 11 because she was so touched.She said she would never 12 the kindness that was given to her! That filled me with such 13 ！There really is nothing else joyful like 14 others and making someone's day 15 ！ [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者去看望在一个寒冷的冬日里让自己搭车回家的老妇人，并认识到没有什么事情比帮助他人更能让人感到快乐了。 1． A．cool B．cloudy C．mild D．cold D　[根据空前的“on a windy winter day”可知，天气非常寒冷。故选D。] 2． A．drove up B．took up C．picked up D．turned up A　[根据空后的“asked if I would like a ride home”可知，一位老妇人开车到“我”身旁，问“我”是否需要搭车回家。drive up开车；take up拿起；pick up挑选；turn up出现。故选A。] 3． A．simple B．strange C．warm D．easy C　[根据空后的“melted(融化) away the thought that I should never talk to strangers”可知，这位老妇人温暖的笑容打消了“我”不应该和陌生人说话的想法。故选C。] 4． A．silence B．argument C．quarrel D．chat D　[根据语境和下文的“she also told me her address”可知，在路上“我们”进行了精彩的谈话。故选D。] 5． A．repeated B．regretted C．remembered D．forgot C　[根据空后的“I decided to return the favor”可知，当“我”想起这位老妇人的善行时，我决定报答她。故选C。] 6． A．cookies B．sweets C．bread D．salad A　[根据下文中的“think that I was a bad man who poisoned cookies”可知，“我”为她做了很多曲奇饼。故选A。] 7． A．confused B．worried C．nervous D．disappointed B　[根据空后的“she wouldn't remember me or think that I was a bad man who poisoned cookies”可知，“我”担心她不记得“我”或把“我”当成坏人。故选B。] 8． A．hardly B．usually C．generally D．completely D　[根据空后的“She was very happy”可知，事实证明“我”的想法完全错误，她看到“我”很高兴。故选D。] 9． A．surprised B．fearful C．puzzled D．satisfied A　[根据空后的“that someone would do something like that”可知，她似乎很惊讶有人会为她做这些事。故选A。] 10．A．escaped B．visited C．called D．came C　[根据空后的“told my mom on the phone”可知，这位老妇人给“我”妈妈打了电话。故选C。] 11．A．left B．cried C．laughed D．slept B　[根据空后的“because she was so touched”可知，她感动哭了。故选B。] 12．A．forget B．imagine C．permit D．pardon A　[根据语境可知，她说永远也不会忘记“我”的好意。故选A。] 13．A．puzzle B．happiness C．sadness D．interest B　[根据空后的“There really is nothing else joyful...”可知，听到老妇人这样说，“我”的心里感到幸福。故选B。] 14．A．replacing B．signaling C．helping D．harming C　[根据语境可知，此处是说没有什么比帮助他人更让人感到快乐了。故选C。] 15．A．easier B．harder C．busier D．brighter D　[and前说帮助他人，此处是说使别人的日子变得更明亮。故选D。] Ⅲ.语法填空(每题2分，共20分) The number of international students 1. search of higher education in China has been increasing in the past ten years.Many foreign students choose Wuhan University in Hubei Province to live up to their expectations.For the exposure to 2. (it) academic and social environment brings them long­lasting benefits. Goh Qian Xuan from Singapore 3. (select) to be president of the Wuhan University Singaporean Student Association and the Chinese Language and Literature Student Union during her four years of studying in Wuhan，4. gave her the chance to work 5. (close) with students from other countries.“I didn't come to Wuhan just 6. (get) good grades，” Goh says.“Being part of the local student communities and seeing 7. things are done have really helped me to better understand Chinese people and China．” Students can participate in various activities in the university.Goh says she felt 8. (little) like a foreign student only after a year in the student union.“The environment is truly good for Chinese studies，” she says.“The four 9. (amaze) years I spent in Wuhan has helped to build a strong foundation for my life and career.This experience has proved many of my former ideas wrong as I now understand the main reasons behind the Chinese ways to deal with certain 10. (matter).” [语篇解读]本文是一篇新闻报道。文章结合真实事例讲述了在过去的十年里到中国留学的国际学生不断增加的趋势及留学生的切身感受。 1．in　[考查固定短语。in search of寻求。] 2．its　[考查代词。分析句子结构可知，设空处作定语修饰environment，故填形容词性物主代词its。] 3．was selected　[考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。select 意为“选择”，和主语Goh Qian Xuan 是被动关系，根据第三段第四句可知，Goh Qian Xuan现在已经离开武汉大学了，故当选武汉大学新加坡学生联合会及汉语言文学学生会主席职务的动作未延续到现在，应该用一般过去时，主语是一个人，谓语动词用单数。] 4．which　[考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个主句的内容，且从句中缺少主语，故用which。] 5．closely　[考查词性转换。修饰动词 work，应用副词，closely意为“密切地”。] 6．to get　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，get在句中作非谓语动词，且表目的，应用不定式。故填to get。] 7．how　[考查宾语从句。本句为宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，表示如何，故填how。] 8．less　[考查副词的比较级。less 是 little 的比较级，此处意为“不那么……”。] 9．amazing　[考查词性转换。amazing意为“令人惊奇的，令人惊喜的”，修饰名词years。] 10．matters　[考查名词的数。matter意为“事情”时是可数名词，空前无冠词，故应用复数形式。certain matters意为“某些事情”。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$