课下巩固训练（14）-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义配套练习（人教版2019）

课下巩固训练（十四） (时间：45分钟　满分：100分) Ⅰ.单词拼写(每题1分，共8分) 1．The advanced technology provides a new method for us to explore the universe (宇宙). 2．The equipment can pick up the signals (信号) from the satellite in space. 3．In order to be better served, Anne chose a well­known agency (服务机构) aimed at providing professional service for people. 4．The country has already launched (发射) three unmanned spacecraft this year. 5．New information is matched against existing data (数据) in the computer. 6．It took him a couple of years to finish the giant (巨大的) statue. 7．He leapt (跳过) out of the chair, which surprised me greatly. 8．During our free time, we'll be able to travel to places of interest in new vehicles (交通工具) like flying cars. Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每题1分，共8分) 1．The professor was delighted to find that two thirds of the project had been finished by the students independently (independent). 2．I handed in my resignation and went home feeling very disappointed (disappoint). 3．With the help of doctors and families, the brave boy fought against the illness with courage and determination (determine). 4．From the early age, they desired to help (help) others and expected to achieve common goals. 5．Do you know who is the first astronaut to go (go) into space? 6．Understanding (understand) our relationship to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival. 7．He stood up, signalling to the officer that he had finished with his client. 8．In less than 9 minutes, the ship sank with 177 men on board. Ⅲ.完成句子(每题4分，共20分) 1．北京是第一个同时举办夏季和冬季奥运会的城市。(the first＋n.＋to do) Beijing is the first city to host both Summer and Winter Olympic Games. 2．你是如此优秀的运动员，有你在队里，我们一定会赢得这场比赛。(with复合结构) You are such an excellent player that with you on the team, we are bound to win the game. 3．在我看来，尽管我们对自己很自信，我们还是应该意识到别人的长处并向他们表示应有的尊敬。(while引导让步状语从句) In my opinion, while we are confident in ourselves, we should recognize strengths in others and show due respect for them. 4．所以我和我的同学决定为他们组织一些精彩的歌舞表演，这将持续大约一个小时。(determine) So my classmates and I have determined to organize some wonderful singing and dancing performances for them, which will last about one hour. 5．他想另找份工作，这是因为他再也无法忍受这儿的压力了。(because) He wants to find another job; this is because he can't put up with the pressure here any more. Ⅳ.课文语法填空(每题1分，共10分) People have always wanted to explore space in the hope 1.of finding out its secrets.After the mid­20th century, scientists realised people's dream of travelling into space with brave people 2.carried (carry) by spacecraft to learn more about the universe.3.Exploring (explore) space is not only dangerous but also challenging.Although scientists try to make sure nothing 4.goes (go) wrong, accidents can still happen.For example, all the astronauts on the Soyuz 11, Challenger, and Columbia spacecrafts died during their 5.missions (mission).However, while such disasters brought much sadness and 6.disappointment (disappoint), the desire to explore the universe did not die.This is 7.because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks. China has made great progress in completing manned orbit and spacewalk，studying the moon's surface and 8.establishing (establish) a space station.Despite the difficulties, scientists hope 9.to make (make) more valuable discoveries 10.that will enable the human race to survive well into the future. Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题3分，共24分) A (2024·高一下甘肃兰州期末)A home science experiment recently took the world by storm．Two teens from Toronto, in Canada, sent a Lego man rising above the Earth and captured their tiny astronaut's trip on film. Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad, both 17, used a weather balloon to launch their plastic lego model 16 miles above the Earth.This is inside a part of Earth's atmosphere. The two teens were inspired by a similar project performed by students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).The MIT students had launched a weather balloon with a camera into near space and taken many unusual images of the Earth.Mathew and Asad then spent four months figuring out how to launch their own spacecraft into the space.Travelling to space is expensive for NASA, but Mathew and Asad worked hard to keep their costs down.They bought much of their equipment used.In total, the project cost only $400. “We had a lot of anxiety on launch day because there were high winds when we were going up，” Mathew told reporters.They had to pump extra helium (氦) into the balloon so that it would rise quickly and avoid being blown too far off course by the strong winds.The toy astronaut's journey lasted 97 minutes before the balloon broke and he fell back to Earth.Mathew and Asad then spent two weekends looking for their spacecraft.It had landed 76 miles away from the launch site. The student scientists are currently finishing up their final year of high school and applying for colleges.They are also looking into more do­it­yourself space projects.“I guess the sky is not really the limit anymore，” Mathew told reporters.“We never knew we'd get this far.It's been a lesson for us that hard work pays off.” [语篇解读]本文是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述了两名加拿大多伦多的青少年进行的一项自制科学实验，他们利用气象气球将乐高小人送入近太空并拍摄了整个过程，实验的成功引起了广泛的关注。 1．By saying “took the world by storm” in the first paragraph, the writer meant the experiment ． A．harmed the world B．flooded the world C．attracted the world D．managed the world C　[词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Two teens from Toronto, in Canada, sent a Lego man rising above the Earth and captured their tiny astronaut's trip on film.”可知，实验引起了全世界的极大关注和兴趣，就像一阵风暴席卷全球一样，因此took the world by storm的意思是“吸引了世界”。故选C。] 2．Which of the following about the students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is right? A．They were examples for Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad. B．They helped Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad to achieve dream. C．They launched weather balloon together with Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad. D．They studied with Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad in the same school. A　[推理判断题。根据第三段中“The two teens were inspired by a similar project performed by students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).”可知，麻省理工学院的学生项目给了二人灵感，是他们的范例。故选A。] 3．How did Mathew and Asad keep their costs down? A．By making the weather balloon themselves. B．By borrowing spacecraft from the MIT students. C．By making their spacecraft by hand. D．By using second­hand equipment. D　[细节理解题。根据第四段中“Travelling to space is expensive for NASA, but Mathew and Asad worked hard to keep their costs down.They bought much of their equipment used.In total, the project cost only $400.”可知，他们通过购买二手设备来降低成本。故选D。] 4．What problems did Mathew and Asad have on launch day? A．They ran out of helium. B．The wind was too strong. C．The balloon suddenly broke. D．Their spacecraft was blown away. B　[细节理解题。根据第四段中“‘We had a lot of anxiety on launch day because there were high winds when we were going up，’ Mathew told reporters.”可知，他们在发射当天遇到的问题是风太大。故选B。] B (2024·高一下山东济南期末)We can see the moon every day, but in fact, humans have not been able to see the true face of the moon.For example, we all view the same side of it—the near side.So why don't we ever see the far side of the moon? The secret behind this fascinating mystery is “tidal locking (潮汐锁定)”．To better understand it, let's imagine two friends holding hands and turning around.As they turn, they always face each other because they're locked in position by their hands.Similarly, the moon is locked to Earth by tidal force, which means it takes just as long for the moon to turn about its axis (轴) as it does to go around Earth.As a result, we always see the same side of the moon from our position on Earth, while the opposite side, known as the far side or the dark side, remains hidden from view. Now, you might be wondering why people use the term “dark side” when referring to the far side of the moon.Contrary to popular belief, the far side isn't always in darkness.Like the near side, it experiences day and night.However, since we can't observe it from Earth, it often lies in mystery, and thus it gets this name. Although we'll never see the far side of the moon directly from Earth, humanity has found ways to explore it.Several spacecrafts have taken photos which furthered our understanding of the lunar far side.In June 2024, China's Chang'e 6 made a soft landing on the far side of the moon and sent back more closeup photos.It brought back soil and rocks collected from there, opening a new chapter in lunar exploration and enabling scientists to discover what they didn't know about the moon. There is still so much more to explore on the lunar far side.For example, the far side of the moon is a rare and quiet place free from radio signals reflecting from our planet, which allows scientists to study space phenomena with greater clarity, making it a perfect location for studying space using radio waves. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类无法看到月球背面的原因。 5．How does the writer explain “tidal locking” in Paragraph 2? A．By analyzing data． B．By quoting a study. C．By giving an example. D．By comparing findings. C　[推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知，通过举两个朋友牵手转身过来的例子，来说明潮汐锁定。故选C。] 6．What is a common misunderstanding of the far side of the moon? A．There lives unknown life. B．It shouldn't be disturbed. C．It is visible from Earth. D．There is no sunlight. D　[细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Now, you might be wondering why people use the term ‘dark side’ when referring to the far side of the moon.Contrary to popular belief, the far side isn't always in darkness.Like the near side, it experiences day and night.”可知，普遍的看法是月球的背面总是黑暗的，没有阳光的。故选D。] 7．Why is Chang'e 6 mentioned in Paragraph 4? A．To share a well­known legend. B．To explain its working principle. C．To promote an advanced technology. D．To show efforts of lunar exploration. D　[细节理解题。根据文章第四段可知，嫦娥六号通过特写照片以及带回收集的土壤和岩石来展示月球探索的成果。故选D。] 8．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Hidden value of the lunar far side. B．Detailed information of mysteries. C．Special advantages of radio waves. D．Brief reviews of moon exploration A　[主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“例如，月球背面是一个罕见而安静的地方，没有来自我们星球的无线电信号反射，这使得科学家能够更清晰地研究太空现象，使其成为使用无线电波研究太空的理想地点。”可知，最后一段主要说明的是月球背面的隐藏价值。故选A。] Ⅱ.完形填空(每题2分，共30分) “What do you want to be when you grow up？” The question is one that I always had trouble 1 as a child. Perhaps I wasn't as 2 as the other children who wanted to be astronauts or movie stars.I just couldn't understand the idea of choosing one 3 that I would be stuck in for the rest of my life.I do remember that I 4 to be a vet(兽医) at the age of 5，before I found out that I would need to dissect(解剖) animals and 5 the idea for good. My way of 6 has not changed much over the years.Even now，as a university student，I can't say that I know exactly where I'm heading in terms of a career. 7 ，what I am fairly certain of is that my future lies in 8 ． I often look back and wonder how I made this 9 ．Many of my friends who are also studying science were 10 by a parent or relative with a scientific background.In my case，neither my parents nor any of my 11 had interests that were science­related. I 12 that my passion (热爱) for science came almost purely through my 13 in school.Maths and science were always the two subjects that I always 14 and were usually the classes I looked forward to attending.I also had some amazing teachers who 15 me to travel down the scientific path. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。作者分享了自己对职业道路的思考。 1． A．sharing B．answering C．ignoring D．asking B　[根据下文“I just couldn't understand the idea”可知，作者小时候不知道该怎么回答这个问题。故选B。] 2． A．popular B．famous C．imaginative D．honest C　[根据下文“I just couldn't understand the idea of choosing one that I would be stuck in for the rest of my life.”可知，作者无法决定自己在余生想做什么，所以他认为自己或许不是一个富有想象力的孩子。故选C。] 3． A．career B．class C．style D．topic A　[根据下文“I would be stuck in for the rest of my life”可知，作者小时候不理解为何要选择一个干一辈子的职业。故选A。] 4． A．refused B．decided C．continued D．failed B　[根据下文“be a vet(兽医) at the age of 5”可知，作者五岁时曾经有过要成为一名兽医的想法。故选B。] 5． A．talked about B．agreed with C．showed off D．gave up D　[根据上文“I found out that I would need to dissect(解剖) animals”和下文“for good”可知，在得知兽医需要解剖动物后，作者便永远放弃了成为兽医这一想法。故选D。] 6． A．speaking B．expressing C．working D．thinking D　[根据下文“Even now，as a university student，I can't say that I know exactly where I'm heading in terms of a career.”可知，长大后的作者对职业的思考并没有发生多少改变。故选D。] 7． A．However B．Besides C．Therefore D．Meanwhile A　[根据上文“I can't say that I know exactly where I'm heading in terms of a career”和下文“what I am fairly certain of is that”可知，上下文是转折关系。故选A。] 8． A．business B．teaching C．science D．history C　[根据下文“Many of my friends who are also studying science”可知，作者确定自己未来一定会从事科学事业。故选C。] 9． A．request B．mistake C．change D．choice D　[根据上文“what I am fairly certain of is that my future lies in ”可知，从事科学事业是作者做出的选择。故选D。] 10．A．impressed B．followed C．influenced D．surprised C　[根据下文“by a parent or relative with a scientific background”可推知，作者的许多研究科学的朋友都是受到了有科学背景的父母或亲戚的影响。故选C。] 11．A．relatives B．neighbors C．strangers D．students A　[根据上文“by a parent or relative with a scientific background”可知，与朋友相比，作者的父母或亲戚都没有与科学相关的爱好。故选A。] 12．A．wonder B．believe C．doubt D．wish B　[根据上文“In my case，neither my parents nor any of my had interests that were science­related.”和下文“that my passion(热爱) for science came almost purely through my in school”可知，作者相信他对科学的热情不是因为其他人，而几乎完全来自自己在学校的学习。故选B。] 13．A．future B．progress C．learning D．success C　[见上题解析。故选C。] 14．A．prepared B．described C．produced D．enjoyed D　[根据下文“were usually the classes I looked forward to attending”可知，数学和科学是作者非常喜欢的学科。故选D。] 15．A．ordered B．encouraged C．needed D．permitted B　[根据下文“to travel down the scientific path”可知，作者的一些老师也鼓励他走科学之路。故选B。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$