Unit 4 Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（人教版2019）

Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures ①To help him，I read every article and bought every book.With the help of great resources，I found my son had the tendency ②to see the worst in every situation.I had enough research ③to tell myself that people with negativity have an emotional need for order and sensitivity.That meant I needed to listen to my son's daily negative reports.My usual reaction was to try to talk Jake out of his negativity，but that wouldn't satisfy his need for sensitivity，so finishing his complaints and asking what good things happened were the only way ④to help him.Then I needed to wait until he could tell me.This situation would be impossible ⑤to change until Jake realized that good things really were happening to him.I sincerely hoped that I would be excited ⑥to see the positive change in my son. 1．加黑部分都是动词不定式，其结构为 to do； 2．作状语的是①⑤⑥； 3．作定语的是②③④。 不定式作定语和状语 一、不定式作定语 1．中心词被形容词最高级、序数词或all, any, no, only等限定词限定，且不定式里的动词与中心词为逻辑上的主谓关系，后接不定式(短语)作定语。 ①China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. 中国成为首个将探测器在月球背面着陆的国家。 ②He is the only person to know the truth. 他是唯一知道真相的人。 2．不定式里的动词与被修饰的词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，且句中有该不定式的逻辑主语时，该不定式通常用主动形式表被动意义；若是不及物动词，其后还要加上适当的介词。 The manager is particular about the paper to write on. 经理对写字的纸很挑剔。 3．表示将要发生的动作，常用不定式表达。 ①I can't go out with you，because I have lots of homework to do. 我不能和你出去，因为我有许多作业要做。 ②Nuclear power could be an important source of energy for many years to come. 在随后的许多年里，核能会成为一种重要的能量来源。 4．动词不定式常用在抽象名词attempt, ability, belief, chance, decision, desire, effort, determination, means, plan，promise，right，time，way，wish或不定代词something, nothing等后面作后置定语；若其逻辑主语是句子的主语，不定式用主动式。 ①The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 表达思想的能力和思想本身一样重要。 ②Women have no right to vote and to be voted in that country. 在那个国家，女性没有选举权和被选举权。 ③Mr Brown has something important to deal with at present. 目前布朗先生有重要的事情要处理。 ————即学即练1———— (1)用所给词的正确形式填空 ①The next thing to do (do)is to keep the machine on for five minutes. ②On Sundays，he always has a lot of letters to write (write). ③You might think that with all these dangerous animals Australia is an unsafe place to live (live) in or visit. (2)完成句子 ④你应该掌握解决复杂问题的能力。 You should grasp the ability to solve complex problems． ⑤志愿服务给你一个改变生活的机会，包括(改变)你自己的生活。 The voluntary service gives you a chance to change lives，including your own. 二、动词不定式作状语 1．作目的状语 动词不定式(短语)作目的状语，主要用来修饰动词，表示某一动作或状态的目的。在句首时常译为“为了……”；在句尾时常译作“以便……，目的是……”，前面可以加in order或者 so as表示强调。 ①(In order)To help us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes. 为了帮助我们准备考试，老师建议通读我们的笔记。(in order to do...既可以置于句首又可以置于句尾) ②We work hard (so as) to be admitted to a key university. 我们努力学习，目的是考上一所重点大学。(so as to do...不能置于句首) 【点拨】　(1)不定式(短语)表示的是主语的目的，因此其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。 [译]为了画好地图，你需要一支特殊的钢笔。 [正]To draw maps properly，you need a special pen. [误]To draw maps properly，a special pen is needed. (2)不定式的否定式均是在to前加not。 We had better hurry up in order/so as not to be late for class. 为了不上课迟到，我们最好快点。 ————即学即练2———— (1)一句多译 许多农民给庄稼施肥，为的是让庄稼长得更快些。 →Many farmers fertilize their crops in order to/so as to make them grow more quickly. →In order to make them grow more quickly, many farmers fertilize their crops. (2)同义句转换 I'll write down his telephone number so that I won't forget it. →I'll write down his telephone number in order/so as not to forget it． 2．作结果状语 动词不定式(短语)作结果状语常用于以下结构： (1)so/such...as to do sth太……以至于做某事 ①Would you please be so kind as to help me？您能好心帮帮我吗？ ②He is such a fool as to believe them. 他如此傻以至于相信他们。 (2)表示出乎意料的结果，常与only，never 等连用。 He went to school early only to find nobody was there. 他早早地去了学校，结果发现学校里没人。 【点拨】　doing作结果状语表示顺其自然的结果。 Both of his parents died in the war, leaving him an orphan. 他的父母都在战争中去世了，结果他成了孤儿。 (3)too...to do sth 太……以至于不能做某事 The box is too small to hold all these things. 这个箱子太小以至于装不下这些东西。 (4)...enough to do sth 足够……做某事 The girl was lucky enough to get a train ticket. 这个女孩足够幸运抢到了一张火车票。 ————即学即练3———— 完成句子 ①他匆忙赶到火车站却被告知火车已经开走了。 He hurried to the railway station only to be told the train had left． ②他到了参军的年龄了。 He is old enough to join the army． ③那个女孩很懂礼貌，她微笑着向那位老人打招呼。 The girl is so polite as to greet the old man with a smile． ④活到老学到老。 It's never too late to learn． 3．作原因状语 常用于“主语(人)＋系动词＋形容词/过去分词＋to do”结构中。形容词或过去分词作表语时，后可接不定式作原因状语，用以说明产生这种情绪的原因或所表示的情况，常用于这类结构中的形容词和过去分词有：sorry，surprised，astonished，disappointed，excited，glad，happy，anxious，delighted，pleased，foolish等。 We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition. 令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。 4．常用于“主语(物)＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。 这类形容词有：easy，difficult，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，heavy，good，important，impossible，dangerous等，表示主语的特征或性质，动词不定式和句子主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，但常用主动形式表示被动意义。 ①The morning air is so good to breathe that he gets up early every day. 早上的空气呼吸起来很清新，因此他每天都起得很早。 ②This sofa is very comfortable to sit on. 这个沙发坐上去很舒适。 ————即学即练4———— 用所给词的正确形式填空 ①The old man sat in front of the television every evening，happy to watch (watch)anything that happened to be on. ②I feel greatly honoured to be invited (invite)to attend this party. lack n．缺乏；短缺 vt.没有；缺乏 (1)(a) lack of 没有，缺乏；不足，不够 for lack of 因缺乏/缺少/没有…… (2)lacking adj.缺少的，不足的 be lacking in sth 在……方面缺乏 【练透】　一句多译 由于缺乏烹饪经验，这对双胞胎把厨房弄得乱七八糟。 ①For lack of cooking experience，the twins made the kitchen in a mess.(lack n．) ②Because the twins lacked cooking experience，they made the kitchen in a mess.(lack v．) ③Because the twins were lacking in cooking experience，they made the kitchen in a mess.(lacking adj.) beyond prep.在更远处；超出 beyond description 难以形容 beyond recognition 认不出来 beyond control 失去控制 beyond repair 无法修理 beyond one's power 超出某人的能力 beyond belief 难以置信 【练透】　完成句子 ①不幸的是，我的车失去了控制。因此，它撞上了一棵树，无法修理了。 Unfortunately，my car was beyond control．As a result，it ran into a tree and it was beyond repair． ②难以置信的是，我在写作比赛中获得了第一名，我无法抑制内心的兴奋。(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写) It is beyond belief that I won the first prize in the writing competition and I couldn't contain my inner excitement. ③不幸的是，在这么短的时间内完成这项工作超出了我的能力。 Unfortunately，it's beyond my power to get through the work in such a short time. figure out 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白 help (...) out 帮(……)摆脱困境 work out 解决；算出；锻炼 find out 查明；弄清楚 test out 试验 【练透】　完成句子 ①我不明白为什么这么多动物正在灭绝。(环境保护) I can't figure out why quite a number of animals are dying out. ②我发现他根本不喜欢我的礼物，我对此很难过。(难过心理描写) I was very upset to find out that he didn't like my gift at all. ③这是一个非常难的问题，没人能解决。 This is such a difficult question that nobody can work it out． 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$