Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（人教版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking 速读明大意 Ⅰ.Skim the text and fill in the blanks Ⅱ.What's the main idea of the text? The text is mainly about the development of space exploration． 精读知细节 Choose the best answer according to the text. 1．What do we know about Neil Armstrong? A．He was from the USSR. B．He was the first person to travel in space. C．He was in charge of launching the satellites. D．He was the first person to walk on the moon. 2．What does the word “this” in “Following this, there were many more important space achievements.” refer to? A．The launch of the Sputnik 1 satellite. B．Yuri Gagarin's going into space. C．The study of deep space. D．Neil Armstrong's walk on the moon. 3．Why do people still want to explore the universe despite the disasters? A．Because they want to show how advanced science is. B．Because they realize it is important to carry on space exploration. C．Because they provide continuous human presence in space. D．Because astronauts can work in the International Space Station. 4．What does the fourth paragraph mainly tell us? A．China is the third country in the world to send humans into space. B．Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft. C．China has made great progress in space exploration in recent years. D．Chang'e 4 was sent to explore the surface of the far side of the moon. 答案：1～4　DDBC 读后悟考点 Ⅰ.扫词汇障碍 构词法 [教材1]　For example, America's NASA space agency launched Voyager 1 on 5 September 1977 to study deep space, and it still transmits data today. transmit：trans­(前缀，变换，转移)＋mit (送)→vt.& vi.传输；发送 [教材2]　Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft. spacecraft：space(太空)＋craft(飞行器)→n.宇宙飞船 Ⅱ.破译长难句 [教材1]　China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003，when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft. [分析]　此句是复合句。when引导非限制性定语从句，对前面的2003这一先行词作解释说明，when在从句中作时间状语。 [翻译]　2003年，杨利伟乘坐“神舟五号”宇宙飞船成功环绕地球运行，中国成为世界上第三个能够独立将人类送入太空的国家。 [教材2]　Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk，followed by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface. [分析]　Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk是句子的主干。句中followed by the vehicle Jade Rabbit为过去分词短语作状语；being sent to the moon to study...为现在分词短语作后置定语，其中to study its surface为不定式短语作目的状语。 [翻译]　此后，“神舟六号”和“神舟七号”分别完成了第二次载人环绕地球飞行以及中国的第一次太空行走。紧接着，“玉兔号”月球车飞抵月球，开展月球表面研究工作。 Ⅲ.学表达技巧 心理描写 [教材1]　Before the mid­20th century, most people felt travelling into space was only a dream that could never come true. [分析]　never come true用得恰到好处，说明在20世纪中叶之前许多人认为到太空难度太大了。 [仿写]　如果你坐等成功，你的生活将永远不会改变，你的梦想将永远不会实现。 If you sit around waiting for success, your life will never change, and your dream will never come true． 高级副词 [教材2]　For example, on 5 September 1977, America's NASA space agency launched Voyager 1 to study deep space, and it still transmits data to this day. [分析]　用still一词凸显了1977年发射的“旅行者1号”的良好性能。 [仿写]　虽然他已经长大了，但他仍然依赖他的父母。 Although he has grown up, he still depends on his parents． 高级词汇 [教材3]　However, while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire to explore the universe did not die. [分析]　使用not die来表现人们对太空探索的坚持，传递出人们对探索太空的欲望。 [仿写]　无论未来发生什么，我对你的爱永不消散。 My love for you will never die no matter what will happen in the future. 高频词汇练全 determine vt.查明；确定；决定 (1)determine on/upon (doing) sth 决定(做)某事 determine to do sth 决定做某事(表示动作) (2)determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的 be determined to do sth 决心做某事(表示状态) (3)determination n．决心 【练透】　单句语法填空/一句多译 ①It is the astronaut's determination (determine) and patience that have enabled him to achieve a series of goals. ②拿着奖杯，我对老师报以感激的微笑，下定决心要比以前更加努力地练习写作。(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写) →With the trophy in my hand，I cast a grateful smile to my teacher and (was) determined to practise writing even harder than before． →With the trophy in my hand，I cast a grateful smile to my teacher and determined on/upon practising writing even harder than before． disappointment n．失望；沮丧 (1)(much) to one's disappointment＝ to one's (great) disappointment 使某人(非常)失望的是 in disappointment 失望地 (2)disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的 be disappointed at/with/about sth 对某事感到失望 be disappointed in sb 对某人感到失望 be disappointed that... 对……感到失望/沮丧 be disappointed to do sth 因做某事而失望 (3)disappoint v．使失望 【练透】　完成句子/一句多译 ①当双胞胎失望地环顾四周时，他们的父亲出现了。(神情描写) As the twins looked around in disappointment, their father appeared. ②我失望地发现，我被分配到和这个好胜、极其严肃的家伙一起工作，我悲伤地低下了头。(2022·浙江1月卷读后续写) I was disappointed to find that I was assigned to work with the fiercely competitive and extremely serious fellow and I dropped my head in sadness. ③令我非常失望的是，我父亲总是让我上交我挣的所有钱。 →To my great disappointment，my father would always make me hand in all the money I earned.(disappointment) →What disappointed me most/What made me most disappointed was that my father would always make me hand in all the money I earned.(disappoint) desire n．渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望 (1)desire to do sth 渴望做某事 desire sb to do sth 想要某人做某事 desire that...(should) do sth 渴望……(应该)做某事 (2)have a strong desire to do sth/for sth 迫切要做某事/急于得到某物 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①These activities seemed to satisfy my desire to be (be) useful and to feel a meaningful connection to the lives of others. ②渴望你能采纳我关于如何把学生配对上英语口语培训班的建议。(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷应用文写作) It is desired that you (should) adopt my tips/advice/suggestions on how to pair up students for the oral English training class. ③由于我很难适应新环境，我希望你能给我一些建议。(求助信) Since I have difficulty adapting to the new surroundings，I desire you to offer me some suggestions． carry on 继续做，坚持干 carry on 继续做某事 carry out 实施；执行 carry through 渡过难关；完成 carry off 拿走；夺走 【练透】　词汇升级/完成句子 ①If you continue working like that, you will break down sooner or later. →If you carry on working like that, you will break down sooner or later. ②从这次学习经历中，我充分明白了决心、勇气和努力可以让我渡过难关。(2023·全国乙卷书面表达) From the learning experience，I fully understand that determination，bravery and hard work can carry me through tough times． ③只有贯彻以上措施你才能改变你现在糟糕的状况。(建议信) Only if you carry out the above measures can you change your present terrible situation. 中频词汇练会 signal vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号；示意 n．信号；标志 (1)signal (to) sb to do sth 示意某人做某事 signal (to) sb that... 示意某人…… (2)a signal for sb to do sth 某人做某事的信号 【练透】　单句语法填空/句式升级 ①The police signalled to the driver to stop (stop) his car. ②The bell rang, and signalled that school was over. →The bell rang, which signalled that school was over．(非限制性定语从句) →The bell rang, signalling that school was over．(分词作状语) independently adv.独立地；自立地 (1)independent adj.独立的；自立的 be/become independent of 不依赖……；独立于……之外 (2)depend vi.依靠 depend on 依赖；信赖；取决于 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Now that you have grown up，you should seek to be independent of your parents and solve a series of problems independently (independent). ②每当我们处于困境时，我们总是指望足智多谋的班主任给我们一些建议。 Whenever we are in trouble，we always depend on our intelligent class teacher to offer us some suggestions. on board 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上 (1)board n．板；木板；黑板，告示牌；委员会；董事会；伙食；膳食 v．登上船(或 车、飞机等) go on board 上船(或火车、飞机等) (2)aboard adv.& prep.在船(或飞机、火车等)上；上船(或飞机、火车等) go aboard 上船(或飞机、火车等) (3)abroad adv.到国外 go abroad 出国 【练透】　完成句子 ①一支由200多艘船只组成的船队在蔚蓝的海上航行，船上有近28 000人，一派壮丽的景象。 A fleet of over 200 ships navigated the blue sea，with almost 28，000 people on board，which was a splendid scene. ②半年前，谢蕾告别她在中国的家人和朋友，登上了前往伦敦的飞机。 Six months ago，Xie Lei said goodbye to her family and friends in China and boarded/went aboard/went on board a plane for London. 重点句式练透 句型公式：while引导让步状语从句 教材原句： However, while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire to explore the universe did not die. 然而，尽管这样的灾难带来了许多悲伤和失望，但探索宇宙的愿望并没有消失。 (1)while用作从属连词，引导让步状语从句时，从句常置于句首， 意为“尽管”，表示转折。引导时间状语从句时，意为“当……时候，和……同时”。 (2)while用作并列连词，意为“而，然而”，表前后意义上的对比或转折。 【练透】　完成句子 ①虽然我是一名交换生，但是我精通英语，了解英国文化。 While I am an exchange student, I have a good command of English and know about British culture. ②当她在人间时，她遇到了牛郎，然后两人相爱了。 While she was on earth she met the herd boy Niulang and they fell in love. ③李江推荐中国传统服装，而苏华则更喜欢现代服装。 Li Jiang recommends the traditional Chinese clothes while Su Hua prefers modern clothes． 句型公式：This is because...(表示原因) 教材原句： This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.这是因为尽管风险巨大，人类还是坚信太空探索极为重要。 because、why可引导表语从句，但because引导的表语从句，主语不能是reason或cause，若主语是reason或cause，表语从句常用that引导。常用于以下句型： (1)This/That/It is/was why... 这/那是……的原因 (2)This/That/It is/was because... 这/那是因为…… (3)The reason why...is/was that... ……的原因是…… 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I think you can share inspiring books with the students.This is because you read a wide range of books. ②He didn't perform well in the competition.That's why he was upset. ③他没有通过考试的原因是他太粗心了。 The reason why he didn't pass the exam was that he was too careless. ④他经常拒绝参加聚会，这是因为他想挤出更多的时间去学习。 He often refuses to attend parties.It is because he wants to squeeze out more time to study. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$