Unit 2 Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（人教版2019）

Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures When Mary Smith had finished the cooking，she filled all her empty jam jars，①leaving the rest of the jam in the pan.She would put it in the fridge when it was cooler.But just then the telephone rang.②Having learned that her mother was in hospital after a car accident，Mary picked up her bag and ran out of the house.③Entering the kitchen，her husband，John，saw a pan with a dark red mess inside it.He lifted it up and smelled it.It smelled bad.④Thinking Mary must have forgotten to clean this pan，he poured all the jam into the chicken yard and cleaned the pan.Then ⑤feeling comfortable，he began to eat a piece of cake.When Mary returned，she noticed the chickens ⑥circling around something strange.She saw the dark red mess on the ground and went closer.⑦Seeing a plum stone，she went into the kitchen.Her husband was at the table ⑧reading a newspaper.Angrily，Mary rushed up to him shouting, “You threw away my jam！” Her husband said，“I'm sorry but I thought it was porridge having gone bad in the hot weather.” 1．加黑部分①②③④⑤⑦⑧在句子中作状语，现在分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，其中句②中的Having learned...作状语表示其动作先于主句动作picked up发生。 2．加黑部分⑥在句子中作宾语补足语。 动词­ing形式作宾语补足语和状语 一、动词­ing形式作宾语补足语 动词­ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。动词­ing形式作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系。以下列举了能用动词­ing形式作宾语补足语的几种情况： 1．表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词，常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look, listen等。 ①When we returned，we found a stranger standing in front of the house. 我们回来时，发现一个陌生人站在房子前面。 ②Suddenly we heard someone knocking gently on the window. 忽然，我们听见有人在轻轻地敲窗户。 2．表示指使意义的使役动词，常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。 ①We kept the fire burning all night long. 我们让火炉整夜燃烧着。 ②I won't have you running about in the room. 我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。 3．with 复合结构中的宾语补足语。 ①He was not able to go on holiday with his mother being ill. 由于母亲生病，他抽不开身去度假。 ②With spring coming on，trees turn green. 春天到了，树变绿了。 ————即学即练1———— 完成句子 ①他昨天这个时候看到一个女孩正在街上闲逛。 He saw a girl wandering on the street this time yesterday. ②一位墨西哥农民惊讶地看到他土地上的一小处地方冒出了烟。 A Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a small part of his land. ③刷牙时不要让水一直流。 Don't leave the water running while you brush your teeth. ④她把那只乌龟放入河中， 眼里满是泪水。 She put the tortoise into the river, with tears filling her eyes． 二、动词­ing形式作状语 1．动词­ing形式可以作状语，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。动词­ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随状语时常位于句末。 (1)表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。 ①Hearing these stories, I was skeptical about the place. →When I heard these stories, I was skeptical about the place. 当我听到这些故事的时候， 我对这个地方有点怀疑。 ②Having made full preparations，we are ready for the examination. →After we have made full preparations，we are ready for the examination. 我们已经做好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。 (2)表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。 Being ill，he didn't go to school yesterday. →Since he was ill，he didn't go to school yesterday. 由于生病，他昨天没去上学。 (3)表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。 His parents died，leaving him a lot of money. →His parents died and left him a lot of money. 他父母都过世了， 留给了他许多钱。 【点拨】　动词­ing形式和动词不定式作结果状语的区别： ①动词­ing形式作结果状语表示自然而然的结果，有时可加thus表强调； Newly­built wooden cottages line the street，turning the old town into a dreamland. 新建的小木屋排列在街道两边，使这个古镇变成了梦境一样的地方。 ②动词不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果，其前常加only表强调。 The reporter hurried to the airport，only to be told the film stars had left. 那个记者急匆匆赶到机场，却被告知电影明星们已经离开了。 (4)表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。 Working hard at your lessons，you will succeed. →If you work hard at your lessons，you will succeed. 如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。 (5)表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。 Knowing all this，they made me pay for the damage. →Although they knew all this，they made me pay for the damage. 尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。 (6)表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。 He lay on the grass，staring at the sky for a long time. →He lay on the grass and stared at the sky for a long time. 他躺在草地上，盯着天空看了很长时间。 (7)作评注性状语 有些动词­ing形式在句中没有逻辑主语，它们往往作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度、观点等。如：generally speaking“一般来说”，judging by/from...“从……判断”，taking everything into consideration “全盘考虑”。 Judging from his behaviour，he must be mad. 从他的行为来判断，他一定是生气了。 ————即学即练2———— 同义句转换 ①It rained heavily and it caused great damage. →It rained heavily，causing great damage． ②The boy sat in front of the farm house，and cut the branches. →The boy sat in front of the farm house，cutting the branches． ③As he was ill，he couldn't attend the meeting. →Being ill，he couldn't attend the meeting. ④John watched curiously，and thought that the woman seemed a little crazy. →John watched curiously, thinking that the woman seemed a little crazy． ⑤When she turned around，she saw a car driving up. →Turning around，she saw a car driving up. 2．作状语时的注意事项 (1)动词­ing形式的时态 动词­ing形式作状语时，要注意其时间性，是用一般式(doing)，还是用完成式(having done)。当动词­ing形式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用一般式；当动词­ing形式的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用完成式。 ①Walking in the street，I met an old friend of mine.(walking和谓语动词met同时发生) 我走在大街上时遇到了一位老朋友。 ②Having finished the letter，he went to post it.(having finished是先发生的，went是后发生的) 他写完信后就把它寄了出去。 (2)动词­ing形式的语态 使用动词­ing形式的主动式还是被动式主要取决于动词­ing形式和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是动词­ing形式的逻辑主语。 ①Having been shown around the factory, they were very happy.(现在分词的被动式) 被领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。 ②Having finished his homework，he went to bed.(现在分词的主动式) 完成了作业后，他上床睡觉了。 (3)动词­ing形式的否定式 动词­ing形式的否定式为：not＋动词­ing形式/not having＋动词­ed形式 ①Not knowing this，he didn't come. 他不知道这件事，所以没来。 ②Not having made full preparations，we put off the sports meeting. 因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。 (4)独立主格结构 如果作状语的动词­ing形式的逻辑主语不与句子主语一致，动词­ing形式就要带上自己的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。 ①Class being over，the children went home. 一放学，孩子们就回家了。 ②All audience having taken their seats，the play began. 所有观众就座之后，戏剧开始了。 ————即学即练3———— (1)用所给词的正确形式填空 ①Having lived (live)there for years，he got used to the life there. ②Winter coming (come)，it gets colder and colder. (2)同义句转换 ①After he had eaten his dinner，the boy rushed out. →Having eaten his dinner，the boy rushed out. ②As I did not know how to get there，I had to ask the way. →Not knowing how to get there，I had to ask the way. ③Because she had been bitten by a snake，she was frightened of it. →Having been bitten by a snake，she was frightened of it. operation n．手术；企业；经营；运转 (1)be in operation 工作中；使用中；有效 come/go into operation 开始工作/运转/生效 put/bring...into operation 实施/执行……；使……运转 (2)operate vi.工作；运转；给……动手术；起作用 vt.操作；经营 operate on/upon sb 给某人动手术 【练透】　单句语法填空/翻译句子 ①I hear that the new rules come into operation (operate) from next week. ②Macedonia was the first European country to operate (operate) a high­speed train that was made in China. ③Doctors decided to operate on/upon the patient injured in the accident at once. ④据说这次会议上提出的法律不久就要开始生效。 It's said that it won't be long before the law which was put forward in the meeting comes into operation. whisper vi.& vt.悄声说；耳语；低语；私下说 n．耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传 (1)whisper (sth) to sb 悄声对某人说…… It is whispered that... 有人私下说…… (2)in whispers/a whisper 低声地；悄声地 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Mum whispered to us，“Be quiet! Your little sister is sleeping.” ②我们轻声谈话以免吵醒婴儿。 We spoke in whispers/a whisper for fear that we might wake the baby. ③有人私下说我们的班主任老师要高升了。 It was whispered that our headteacher would get a promotion. assist vt.帮助；援助 (1)assist sb in doing sth＝assist sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事 assist sb with sth 帮助某人某事 (2)assistance n．帮助；协助 come to one's assistance 援助某人 with the assistance of sb 在某人的帮助下 (3)assistant n．助手；助理；售货员 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I am grateful to my headteacher who always assists me with my learning.(感谢信) ②I am writing to apply to be your teaching assistant．I hold the strong belief that if I come to your assistance，you will know about our class as quickly as possible.(assist)(申请信) ③约翰非常高兴帮助伯纳德在市场制作和售卖爆米花。在约翰的帮助下，伯纳德的爆米花卖得很好。 John was quite pleased to assist Bernard in making and selling popcorn/assist Bernard to make and sell popcorn in the market.With the assistance of John，Bernard's popcorn sold well. pass away 去世；消失 pass sth down 使世代相传；流传 pass sb off as... 某人伪装成…… pass...on to... 把……传递给…… pass by... 走过；经过(……旁边) 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The boss passed himself off as a customer to experience his restaurant's service. ②最伟大的农业专家袁隆平去世后，人们自发地组织各种各样的活动来纪念他。他无私地把许多宝贵的知识传递给了我们。(人物介绍) After the greatest agricultural expert，Yuan Longping，passed away，people voluntarily organized a wide range of activities in memory of him.He selflessly passed a great deal of precious knowledge down to us. in memory of 作为对……的纪念 in honour of... 为了向……表示敬意；为纪念…… in search of... 寻找…… in praise of... 赞扬…… in charge of... 掌管…… in favour of... 赞同，支持…… in terms of... 就……而言 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①People celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival in memory of/in honour of Qu Yuan，who is a famous Chinese poet.(传统文化) ②听了他的主意，一些人赞成他的建议，但另一些人却强烈反对。 Hearing about his idea, some were in favour of his suggestion, but others were strongly against it. ③为了表扬我的努力，我获得了一个特别奖，我的脸上洋溢着喜悦。(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写) I was awarded a special prize in praise of my great efforts and my face lit up with joy. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$