Unit 1 Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（人教版2019）

Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structure La Tomatina is a festival that takes place in the Spanish town Buñol every August.I think many food festivals are ①boring because people are just eating.However，this festival is ②interesting because people don't actually eat the tomatoes.Instead，they throw them at each other！The number of people ③taking part in this tomato fight can reach up to 20，000，and it is a very ④ exciting fight that lasts for a whole hour.The ⑤ amazing thing is how clean Buñol is after the tomatoes are washed away after the fight.This is because the juice from tomatoes is really good for making surfaces clean！ 1．加黑部分①②在句中作表语。 2．加黑部分③④⑤在句中作定语，分别修饰名词people，fight和thing。 动词­ing形式作定语和表语 动词­ing形式分为动名词和现在分词两类。动名词兼有动词和名词的特征和作用，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语；现在分词兼有动词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中作定语、表语、补足语和状语。本单元主要学习动词­ing形式作定语和表语的用法。 一、动词­ing形式作定语 单个动词­ing形式作定语，常放在被修饰词前作前置定语；动词­ing短语作定语，常放在被修饰词后作后置定语。 1．动名词作定语，表示被修饰词的某种功能或用途，相当于由for构成的介词短语。 ①a reading room＝a room for reading 阅览室 ②a walking stick＝a stick for walking 拐杖 2．现在分词作定语，它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，表示所修饰词正在进行的动作，相当于一个定语从句。 ①a rolling stone＝a stone that is rolling 一块滚石 ②The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father. →The man who is speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father. 正与老师说话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。 【点拨】　现在分词、过去分词和不定式作定语的一般区别： 现在分词表示正在进行或习惯性的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成意义；不定式表示动作尚未发生。 ①You should adapt to the changing situation. 你应该适应不断变化的形势。 ②The ground is covered with fallen leaves. 地上满是落叶。 ③I'm looking for a room to live in. 我正在找房子住。 ————即学即练1———— 同义句转换 ①The taxi that took us to the airport broke down. →The taxi taking us to the airport broke down. ②The boy playing football on the playground is my younger brother. →The boy that/who is playing football on the playground is my younger brother. ③That was an experience that frightened everyone. →That was a frightening experience． 二、动词­ing形式作表语 1．现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征和状态等。作表语的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing，这类分词有“令人……的”的含义，常修饰物。 The problem which he met in the new school was quite puzzling. 他在新学校遇到的问题很令人费解。 【点拨】　动词­ing形式与动词­ed形式作表语的区别： 动词­ing形式用于说明主语的特征，意为“令人……的”；动词­ed形式表示主语所处的状态，意为“感到……的”。常用的动词­ing形式及动词­ed形式有： 动词­ing形式 动词­ed形式 interesting有趣的 interested感兴趣的 exciting令人激动的 excited感到激动的 disappointing 令人失望的 disappointed 感到失望的 encouraging令人鼓舞的 encouraged 感到鼓舞的 pleasing令人愉快的 pleased感到愉快的 puzzling令人费解的 puzzled感到费解的 satisfying令人满意的 satisfied感到满意的 surprising令人惊异的 surprised感到惊异的 worrying令人担心的 worried感到担心的 ①The news was very exciting.After hearing the news, we felt quite excited. 这个消息是令人兴奋的，听完这个消息我们感到非常兴奋。 ②How disappointed I was when I heard the disappointing news! 当我听到这个令人失望的消息时，我是多么失望！ 2．动名词作表语，用于说明主语的内容，主语和表语在概念上必须一致，两者可互换。主语一般只限于表示工作、任务，如duty, job, task 和精神态度，如wish, happiness等的抽象名词。 ①Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. →Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job. 她的工作是尽量保持报告厅干净。 ②Her duty is taking care of the babies. →Taking care of the babies is her duty. 照看婴儿是她的职责。 ————即学即练2———— 用所给词的正确形式填空 ①Mr Chen was satisfied (satisfy) with my answer. ②Some people believe that buying a car is simply wasting (waste) money. ③It is particularly worrying (worry) that nobody seems to be in charge. ④It is amazing (amaze) that the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly. ⑤The snake looked quite frightening (frighten) and the lady let out a cry of scream at the sight of it. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$