热点05 榜样的力量：国士无双（黄旭华、南仁东等）-2025年中考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练（上海专用）

热点05 榜样的力量：国士无双（黄旭华、南仁东等） 黄旭华、南仁东等科学家以毕生坚守诠释“国士”精神，成为时代的精神坐标。黄旭华隐姓埋名三十载，投身核潜艇研发，以“深潜人生”筑牢国防基石；南仁东倾注22年心血，主导“中国天眼”FAST工程，用生命叩问宇宙奥秘。他们超越个人名利，将国家需求置于首位，展现了科学家“甘坐冷板凳”的纯粹信仰与家国情怀。 在功利主义盛行的当下，他们的故事唤醒社会对“匠魂”与“初心”的珍视。其价值不仅在于科技突破，更在于传递“择一事终一生”的信念，激励青年在浮躁中沉心钻研、勇攀高峰。国士精神与社会主义核心价值观深度契合，是民族复兴不可或缺的精神动能。传承这份力量，需以制度保障科研环境，以教育厚植奉献土壤，让榜样之光指引更多人投身时代伟业。 （建议用时：40分钟） 核潜艇之父：黄旭华 文章 1 Huang Xuhua, the main designer of China’s first-generation nuclear submarines (核潜艇), passed away on February 6th, 2025, in Wuhan, Hubei. Huang was born in March 1926 in a doctor’s family in Guangdong. Growing up during the war, Huang entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study shipbuilding. He expected to use his knowledge to protect the country. After graduating in 1949, he joined the Communist Party of China and started his work in China’s shipbuilding industry. Huang began working on the top-secret “09 Project” in 1958 to develop China’s first nuclear submarine and became one of its leading scientists. When he joined the project, China had no basic conditions for this high-tech work. The researchers knew nothing about it, and other countries kept the technology secret. Huang and his team strived to make it. In 1970, they built China’s first nuclear-powered submarine, Type 091. China became the fifth country to have one. While some media called him the “father of China’s nuclear submarines,” Huang said, “China’s nuclear submarines were the result of collective (共同的) effort. I was simply doing my duty.” “We are deeply sorry for his passing. But we must tell our children about Huang’s story, helping them remember history and inspiring them to fight for our country,” said a Wuhan resident (市民), who came to mourn (哀悼) Huang with his children. 1．How old was Huang Xuhua when he passed away? A．23. B．76. C．89. D．99. 2．What did Huang Xuhua do in 1949? A．He joined the “09 Project”. B．He entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University. C．He joined the Communist Party of China. D．He became a leading scientist of the “09 Project”. 3．What does the underlined word “strived” probably mean? A．Worked hard. B．Waited patiently. C．Watched carefully. D．Got up late. 4．What can we learn from Huang Xuhua? A．The importance of being famous. B．The spirit of loving our country. C．The influence of Chinese culture. D．The ways of entering a good college. 人民科学家：南仁东 文章 1 China’s FAST is the largest radio telescope in the world. It is as large as 30 soccer fields. It has received weak radio messages far away in space. Since April in 2021, China has opened it to the world. By sharing it with more scientists, the powerful tool will help human look deeper into the universe. The idea of building the huge telescope was from the Chinese scientist, Nan Rendong. He began working on the FAST project in 1994. He led a research team to work around the clock. The biggest and most important challenge was where to build the telescope. Nan and his team spent more than ten years climbing up and down the mountains to find the right place. Finally, they chose a quiet mountain valley (山谷). It’s good for listening for weak signals. Then Nan began to work there most of his time. Life was quite hard in deep mountains, but he only cared about how to finish the project. With little experience, it was difficult to build such a huge telescope. With great effort and a strong will, he led his team to overcome all kinds of difficulties and finally completed the project in 2016. From a strong middle-aged man to an elder, he devoted himself to the project. Nan passed away at the age of 72. He lived simply all his lifetime. He never thought about his own gain or loss. He is the role model of our times. We should learn from him and connect our dream with the development of our country. 1．China’s FAST is a ________. A．telephone B．television C．telescope D．telegram 2．In the writer’s opinion, what’s the key of Nan’s success? A．Great effort and a strong will. B．Saving up his energy. C．Sharing with the world. D．Good luck. 3．What does the underlined word “devote himself to” mean in the passage? A．be on behalf of B．put all the energy into C．have no effort on D．protect him from 4．What does the writer call on the readers to do? A．We needn’t pay any attention to small jobs. B．In order to succeed, we should learn more about science. C．We are supposed to connect our dream with the development of our country. D．We should take more measures to build the FAST. 5．What’s the best title of the passage? A．Look into the universe. B．The way of listening. C．Stick on our opinions. D．The father of the FAST. 杂交水稻之父：袁隆平 文章 1 On May 22, 2021, people in China and around the world felt sad. China’s “Father of hybrid rice (杂交水稻)” Yuan Longping died at the age of 91 on this day. He was a famous scientist in China and spent over 50 years making rice plants that could grow more rice to feed people. For Chinese families, rice is an important part of almost every meal. But in the past, the lack (短缺) of enough rice was a big problem. Many people died because they had no food. To solve the problem, Yuan Longping decided to study agriculture (农业). His mother worried this work would be hard. But Yuan said, “Having enough food was the most important thing for us.” In the 1960s, many Chinese suffered from hunger. Yuan began developing a kind of hybrid rice. It had high output (产量). By planting it, people could have more food. In the 1970s, Yuan successfully grew a new type of hybrid rice, which could feed millions more people every year! Yuan’s hybrid rice is also being grown around the world. People plant it in countries such as India, Vietnam and the US. It has pulled millions of people out of hunger. Yuan once said he had two dreams. One was to someday stand under rice plants that were taller than men. The other was to grow hybrid rice all over the world and save people from hunger. Rest in peace, Grandpa Yuan. We will work hard to make your dreams come true! 1．What happened on May 22, 2021? A．Yuan Longping travelled abroad. B．Yuan Longping died. C．Yuan Longping invented hybrid rice. D．Yuan Longping received an award. 2．Why did Yuan Longping decide to study agriculture? A．He wanted to become famous. B．His mother encouraged him to. C．He wanted to solve the problem of lack of food. D．He was interested in plants. 3．What was one of Yuan Longping’s achievements (成就) in the 1970s? A．He developed a new type of hybrid rice. B．He travelled to the US. C．He wrote a famous book. D．He received a Nobel Prize. 4．What were Yuan Longping’s two dreams? A．To win a Nobel Prize and to travel around the world. B．To stand under rice plants taller than men and to grow hybrid rice worldwide. C．To become a famous scientist and to help his family. D．To write a book and to teach at a university. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．To describe the life and achievements of Yuan Longping. B．To explain the history of agriculture in China. C．To discuss the challenges of growing rice. D．To compare different types of rice. 国家杰出贡献科学家：钱学森 文章 Qian Xuesen was born in Shanghai on December 11th, 1911. He is known as “the father of China’s space program” and “the king of the rocket”. When he was 24 years old, Qian went to America for further study. After graduation, he worked in America for a few years, where his working conditions were better. In the early 1950s, he heard New China had been founded and decided not to stay in America any longer. He succeeded in coming back to his motherland in 1955 though the American government tried to stop him. In 1956, Qian Xuesen suggested setting up a special organization, which later became the leading organization for China’s rocket and air travel programmes. In June 1964, China successfully created its first medium rocket. Qian also played an important role in developing China’s first man-made satellite. On April 24th, 1970, “Dongfanghong-Ⅰ” was successfully sent into the air. In 1964, a young man wrote Qian Xuesen a letter and pointed out a mistake in his published article. Qian immediately answered the letter and encouraged the young man to write an article about the mistake. Zhu Yilin, who was said to be the last student of Qian Xuesen, once said, “I learnt a lot professional knowledge as well as the spirit and attitude that a scientist should have from Mr Qian, especially his deep love for the motherland. Without that, he couldn’t have helped to develop science and technology when New China was badly in need of scientists for its development. Without that, he would not have made the great contribution (贡献) to rocket industry in the late 1950s and early 1960s when conditions in China were too hard.” Mr Qian has been dead for ten years, but he will live in the memory of Chinese people forever. 1．Why did Qian Xuesen go to America when he was young? A．To find a new job. B．To receive further study. C．To meet with his parents D．To find better working conditions. 2．When was China’s first medium rocket created? A．In 1955. B．In 1956. C．In 1964. D．In 1970. 3．What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us? A．The way Qian Xuesen tried to return to China. B．The reason why a special organization was set up. C．The role Qian Xuesen played in making the satellite. D．The contribution Qian Xuesen has made to China. 4．In Zhu Yilin’s opinion, what made Qian Xuesen work hard for his motherland? A．His love for the motherland. B． His professional knowledge. C．His working experience. D．His anger towards America. 5．We can learn from the passage that? A．Qian was not welcome in America in the 1950. B．The young man couldn’t understand Qian’s articles. C．New China was in great need of scientists like Qian. D．Hard conditions made it easier to develop rocket industry. 一、阅读理解 Deng Jiaxian was a Chinese physicist, known as the Father of China’s Atomic Bomb（原子弹）. Born in Anhui Province, Deng attended the National Southwestern Associated University in 1941 and went to America for a further study in physics. He studied a lot and got much useful knowledge. After Deng’s graduation, he didn’t accept the high-paid positions and superb research conditions provided by the American government or universities. Instead, he returned to Beijing in 1950 to work on nuclear research（核能研究）. Deng faced great difficulties at that time because there was no such research information to learn from and few scientists. He worked with a group of recent college graduates and used abacuses for calculation. It took about a month to finish a stage of calculation and about a year to calculate it nine times. For about eight years Deng worked very hard at the Gobi Desert nuclear testing site in northwest China. In October 1964, under Deng’s leadership, China successfully tested its first atomic bomb. In June 1967, China’s first hydrogen bomb test was also carried out successfully. In 1979, a parachute failure happened during one experiment, which caused an atomic bomb to crash to the ground but it did not set off. Deng knew the danger in cleaning up the crashed bomb. “You are young; you can’t go to do this, ” Deng said to his colleagues. So he picked up the broken pieces of the bomb himself instead of sending his team. Deng’s wife, a doctor, learned that Deng had touched the broken pieces of the atomic bomb, and ordered him to return to Beijing for a full body checking. The results showed that he had been badly hurt by deadly nuclear radiation（辐射）. However, he still chose to return to the test site and continued to solve the problem himself. In 1986, at age 62, Deng passed away because of the radiation. As a national hero, he was awarded the Two Bombs and One Satellite Merit Medal in 1999. 1．When was Deng Jiaxian born? A．In 1941. B．In 1924. C．In 1920. D．In 1950. 2．What does the underlined word “superb”  mean in Paragraph 2? A．silent B．excellent C．different D．patient 3．Which of the following is the correct order according to the passage? ①China successfully tested its first atomic bomb. ②Deng returned to Beijing and work on nuclear research. ③Deng studied in the USA． ④Deng was exposed to deadly nuclear radiation. A．②③①④ B．②①③④ C．③②①④ D．③②④① 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．Deng used abacuses for calculation because they made less mistakes. B．Deng’s nuclear research was based on many scientists’ hard work. C．Deng’s wife was greatly worried about Deng’s health condition. D．Deng never took safety measures when picking up the broken pieces of the bomb. 5．What can be the best title for the passage? A．A Chinese physicist who achieved his dream with hard work. B．A national hero who gave his whole life to China’s nuclear program. C．The history and development of China’s nuclear program. D．The greatest hero winning a Merit Medal in Chinese history. Over the past decades, many people have made great contribution to our country’s development, helping it growing through their hard work. They are the heroes of all Chinese people. We should learn from them, and study hard for our country. Qian Xuesen is a famous scientist in the world. He was named “The Father of Chinese Missile (中国导弹之父)”. He was born in Shanghai in 1911. He completed his doctor’s degree in 1938 in America. He tried to come back to China in 1950, but the American government stopped him. Five years later, he came back to China. He gave his life to Chinese space flight technology. Zhong Nanshan was born in October, 1936. He is one of the famous medical scientists in the 21st century. Dr. Zhong Nanshan was the first to tell the public that the virus could be transmitted from person to person. He is a good doctor in the countrymen’s eyes and respected by all Chinese people. Yuan Longping, the “father of hybrid rice”. He was Born in 1930 in Beijing. He began researching hybrid rice in 1964, succeeding in cultivating the world’s first high-yielding hybrid rice strain in 1973. His research on higher rice yields (产量) helps fight hunger in China and other parts of the world. 1．What’s the structure of the passage? A．①—②—③—④ B．①—②③④ C．①②—③④ D．①②③—④ 2．When did Qian Xuesen come back to China? A．In 1911. B．In 1938. C．In 1950. D．In 1955. 3．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “transmitted”? A．translated                    B．spread C．communicated D．moved 4．Why is Yuan Longping called “father of hybrid rice”? A．Because he cultivated hybrid rice strain. B．Because he was the father of the hybrid rice. C．Because he researched the hybrid rice. D．Because he discovered the hybrid rice. 5．The purpose of the passage is ________. A．to encourage us to be heroes B．to show their performance C．to tell us why they want to do that D．to let us learn from them and study hard for our country “I spent my whole life doing one thing,” Gu Fangzhou once said. Known as the “Father of Sugar Pills (糖丸)”, Gu passed away at the age of 92 on January 2, 2019. Eight months later, he received a national honorary title (荣誉称号) “the People’s Scientist” for his polio (脊髓灰质炎) research. Gu Fangzhou, a famous medical scientist, was born in June, 1926. Gu’s family faced a difficult time with the sudden death of his father. He studied hard and finally entered Peking University as a medical student in 1944. After graduation, Gu made the decision to work to help improve public health. In 1955, polio broke out in Nantong, Jiangsu Province. It paralyzed (使瘫痪) 1,680 people, mostly children aged below seven. It spread to neighbouring areas and resulted in 466 deaths. Gu was asked to lead polio research in 1957. “At that time the only way to prevent polio was to invent a vaccine (疫苗),” said Gu. In 1959, Gu succeeded in developing the first polio live vaccine. Later, he developed the “sugar-coated pill” vaccine in the early 1960s. It not only tasted better but was more affordable and easier to keep. In order to test the vaccine, Gu himself tried the vaccine and later his one-month-old son was vaccinated. This inspired his team to vaccinate their kids. They became the first group of people in China to try a polio vaccine. “If we don’t believe in what we produce, how can others believe in it?” said Gu. Gradually, the sugar-coated polio vaccine was made available in China. It saved millions of people, especially kids, from being disabled. In 2000, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that China was already a polio-free country. “We feel satisfied. I can tell people that I tried my best, and your kids will no longer get polio,” said Gu. “That’s all we hoped for.’’ 1．Which is the right order of the following events? ①Gu Fangzhou became “the People’s Scientist”.    ②Gu Fangzhou went to university. ③Gu Fangzhou was asked to lead polio research.    ④Gu Fangzhou lost his father. A．④②①③ B．②④①③ C．②④③① D．④②③① 2．How old was Gu Fangzhou when he entered Peking University? A．15. B．16. C．18. D．20. 3．How many persons died of polio in 1955? A．466. B．1,959. C．1,680. D．1,960. 4．Who was the first person to try the polio vaccine in China? A．Gu Fangzhou’s son. B．Gu Fangzhou himself. C．Gu Fangzhou’s partner. D．Gu Fangzhou’s partner’s kid. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．A Great Medical Scientist. B．An Important Medical Invention. C．The Hard Work of Preventing Polio. D．Some Facts about the Polio Vaccine. Think of somebody you really admire. You will probably find that their success didn’t come easily. As “Father of Hybrid Rice”, Yuan Longping got over great difficulties and spent his whole life working to reduce (减少) world hunger and helping to feed the country with the largest population. Wu Mengchao, the “Father of Chinese Hepatobiliary Surgery (肝胆外科)”, focused on saving people’s lives for nearly eighty years. He performed more than 16,000 operations (手术) during his life. Holding the surgeon’s knife for such a long time deformed (改变……的外形) his fingers. Wu once said, “It would be my greatest happiness if I could work at the operating table until my dying day.” In 1969, in order to solve the problem of treating malaria (疟疾), Tu Youyou, a pharmacologist (药学家), took on the job as head of a research team. She and her teammates performed different kinds of experiments. However, the results were not satisfying. Instead of giving up, they kept trying. Finally, in 1972, they made it! In 2015, at the age of 85, she received a Nobel Prize. Thomas Edison, the inventor of the light bulb, believed that every failure was a step towards success. He once said, “If I find 10,000 ways something won’t work. I haven’t failed. I am not discouraged (气馁的), because every wrong try is another step forward.” 1．What's the purpose of Paragraph 1? A．To introduce the passage. B．To draw readers’ attention. C．To encourage the readers. D．To introduce successful people. 2．How old is Tu Youyou in 2023? A．85. B．88. C．92. D．93. 3．Who believed “Every failure was a step towards success.”? A．Yuan Longping. B．Wu Menghcao. C．Tu Youyou. D．Thomas Edison. 4．What does the writer mainly want to tell us? A．The more difficulties, the better. B．Not everyone can be successful. C．Great hopes make great men. D．Great achievements aren’t made naturally. 二、任务型阅读 阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 China has its first Nobel Prize in Science. And the winner, 84-year-old Chinese scientist Tu Youyou, also became the first Chinese woman to win the Nobel Prize. She won the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with William C． Campbell, an Irish-born researcher, and Satoshi Omura of Japan. The three winners will share the prize of 8 million Swedish crowns ($920,000). Half of the Prize was given to William C． Campbell and Satoshi Omura for their new treatment against illness caused by roundworm parasites(寄生虫). Tu Youyou won the other half of the Prize for developing a medicine, Artemisinin(青蒿素), which can help people fight malaria(疟疾). More than 240 million people in Africa have benefited from the treatment, according to the WHO(World Health Organization), and more than 1.5 million lives have been saved since 2000, thanks to the medicine. Tu Youyou started her research in 1969 when she was chosen as the director of a government project to find anti-malaria medicines. She and her workmates studied ancient Chinese medicine books and many different traditional treatments. They did nearly 200 experiments before they finally succeeded in getting the material Qinghaosu, later known as Artemisinin, in the 1970s. This medicine became the standard treatment for malaria in the WHO’s list of important medicines. Premier Li Keqiang congratulated Tu for winning the Prize. He said, “Tu’s winning the prize shows China’s progress in scientific and technological field and marks a great contribution of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) to human health.” Although it’s a late honor for Tu and the world’s recognition of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tu’s winning the first Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine makes Chinese scientists encouraged and confident to achieve more success in the future. 1．How many scientists won the 2015 Noble Prize in Physiology or Medicine? 2．Why did Tu Youyou win the Nobel Prize? 3．How did Tu Youyou and her workmates do the research? 4．What do you think of Tu Youyou? Why? 阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 Huang Xuhua, an outstanding Chinese scientist, is widely known as the “Father of China’s Nuclear Submarines” (核潜艇). He was born on March 12, 1926, in Guangdong, In his early years, China was in a mess. Japanese planes often made cruel attacks on Chinese cities, and their warships landed on Chinese beaches, causing huge losses. These hardships deeply influenced Huang Xuhua, deeply planting the seed of serving his country in his heart. He made up his mind to study shipbuilding, believing that it was the key to making China stronger. Building Chin’s first nuclear submarines was a very challenging and highly secret project. For more than 30 years, Huang Xuhua was kept away from his family. He couldn’t attend his children’s first steps, their school graduations, or spend precious festivals with his parents. Whenever he thought of his family, a strong feeling of guilt (愧疚) would hit him, but his sense of duty to the country always won out. The working environment was not good at all. Without modern computers, Huang and his team had to use simple abacuses (算盘) to do difficult figuring. Day after day, they studied carefully figures, facing a lot of problems. However, their hard work finally produced fruits. In 1970, China’s first nuclear attack submarine, Long March No.1, was ready for sea tests and entered service in 1974, making China the fifth country in the world to own this powerful weapon. In 1988, at the age of 62, Huang Xuhua joined the submarine’s first deep—diving test, a task full of risks. Even in his later years, he still went to the research center often, hope to pass on his knowledge and experience to the young people. His story is a powerful reminder that we should always run after our dreams and give our time and energy to our country, no matter how many difficulties lie ahead. 1．When was Huang Xuhua born? 2．Why couldn’t Huang Xuhua go home for over 30 years? 3．Did Huang Xuhua’s team use many tools for math problems? 4．When did Long March No.1 start trials and work? 5．How do you like Huang Xuhua? 阅读下面短文，完成短文后的问题。 Qian Xuesen, born in Shanghai in 1911 and died in 2009, came from Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. He is a world famous scientist, aerodynamicist (空气动力学家), founder (缔造者) of China’s manned space flight, “Father of China’s scientific system” and “King of rocket”. Qian graduated from Jiaotong University in 1934 and became one of the 20 public students to study in the United States in October. Qian made great achievements in science while studying and working in the United States. He became a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (麻省理工学院) at the age of 36． When the news of the birth of the People’s Republic of China reached the United States in 1949, Qian and his wife Jiang Ying discussed returning to China as soon as possible to serve our motherland. However, in 1950, when Qian was stopped by US officials on his way to a port to return to China, he was put in jail (监狱). A senior American officer once said that Qian was worth five divisions ((军队编制中的)师) wherever he went. Since then, Qian was persecuted (迫害) by the US government and lost freedom. He lost weight of about fifteen kilograms in a month. The US government searched his home and took away all his belongings by force, including 800 kilograms of books and notebooks. In 1955, with every effort that Chairman Mao Zedong and Premier Zhou Enlai had put, Qian, together with his wife and two children, returned to China. For many years, Qian led his team to work hard for our motherland in the field of missile and atomic bomb (导弹和原子弹), which was a great contribution to China’s national security (安全). Many VIPs sang high praise for him. In 1999, he was awarded the “Two Bombs and One Satellite Medal of Merit” (两弹一星功勋奖章). 1．How many other public students went to study in the US besides Qian in October, 1934? 2．In which year did Qian become a professor at the MIT? 3．When was the PRC founded (成立)? 4．What was Qian’s value according to a senior American officer’s opinion? 5．Who played an important part in Qian’s returning to China? 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 热点05 榜样的力量：国士无双（黄旭华、南仁东等） 黄旭华、南仁东等科学家以毕生坚守诠释“国士”精神，成为时代的精神坐标。黄旭华隐姓埋名三十载，投身核潜艇研发，以“深潜人生”筑牢国防基石；南仁东倾注22年心血，主导“中国天眼”FAST工程，用生命叩问宇宙奥秘。他们超越个人名利，将国家需求置于首位，展现了科学家“甘坐冷板凳”的纯粹信仰与家国情怀。 在功利主义盛行的当下，他们的故事唤醒社会对“匠魂”与“初心”的珍视。其价值不仅在于科技突破，更在于传递“择一事终一生”的信念，激励青年在浮躁中沉心钻研、勇攀高峰。国士精神与社会主义核心价值观深度契合，是民族复兴不可或缺的精神动能。传承这份力量，需以制度保障科研环境，以教育厚植奉献土壤，让榜样之光指引更多人投身时代伟业。 （建议用时：40分钟） 核潜艇之父：黄旭华 文章 1 Huang Xuhua, the main designer of China’s first-generation nuclear submarines (核潜艇), passed away on February 6th, 2025, in Wuhan, Hubei. Huang was born in March 1926 in a doctor’s family in Guangdong. Growing up during the war, Huang entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study shipbuilding. He expected to use his knowledge to protect the country. After graduating in 1949, he joined the Communist Party of China and started his work in China’s shipbuilding industry. Huang began working on the top-secret “09 Project” in 1958 to develop China’s first nuclear submarine and became one of its leading scientists. When he joined the project, China had no basic conditions for this high-tech work. The researchers knew nothing about it, and other countries kept the technology secret. Huang and his team strived to make it. In 1970, they built China’s first nuclear-powered submarine, Type 091. China became the fifth country to have one. While some media called him the “father of China’s nuclear submarines,” Huang said, “China’s nuclear submarines were the result of collective (共同的) effort. I was simply doing my duty.” “We are deeply sorry for his passing. But we must tell our children about Huang’s story, helping them remember history and inspiring them to fight for our country,” said a Wuhan resident (市民), who came to mourn (哀悼) Huang with his children. 1．How old was Huang Xuhua when he passed away? A．23. B．76. C．89. D．99. 2．What did Huang Xuhua do in 1949? A．He joined the “09 Project”. B．He entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University. C．He joined the Communist Party of China. D．He became a leading scientist of the “09 Project”. 3．What does the underlined word “strived” probably mean? A．Worked hard. B．Waited patiently. C．Watched carefully. D．Got up late. 4．What can we learn from Huang Xuhua? A．The importance of being famous. B．The spirit of loving our country. C．The influence of Chinese culture. D．The ways of entering a good college. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了中国第一代核潜艇的主要设计师黄旭华的生平事迹，包括他的出生、求学、参与“09工程”以及他逝世后人们的哀悼。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第1段“Huang Xuhua, the main designer of China’s first-generation nuclear submarines, passed away on February 6th, 2025, in Wuhan, Hubei.”和第2段“Huang was born in March 1926 in a doctor’s family in Guangdong.”可知，黄旭华生于1926年3月，逝世于2025年2月6日，因此他逝世时的年龄为99岁。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第2段“After graduating in 1949, he joined the Communist Party of China and started his work in China’s shipbuilding industry.”可知，黄旭华在1949年加入了中国共产党。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据文章第3段“When he joined the project, China had no basic conditions for this high-tech work. The researchers knew nothing about it, and other countries kept the technology secret. Huang and his team strived to make it. In 1970, they built China’s first nuclear-powered submarine, Type 091.”并结合选项可知，黄加入这个项目时，中国没有这项高科技工作的基本条件，研究人员对此一无所知；在1970年，他们建造了中国第一艘核动力潜艇091型。由此推知，黄和团队经过努力取得了成功，“strived”意为“努力”。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第3段“Huang said, ‘China’s nuclear submarines were the result of collective effort. I was simply doing my duty.’”和第4段“But we must tell our children about Huang’s story, helping them remember history and inspiring them to fight for our country”可知，黄旭华的故事激励人们为祖国奋斗，体现了他热爱祖国的精神。故选B。 人民科学家：南仁东 文章 1 China’s FAST is the largest radio telescope in the world. It is as large as 30 soccer fields. It has received weak radio messages far away in space. Since April in 2021, China has opened it to the world. By sharing it with more scientists, the powerful tool will help human look deeper into the universe. The idea of building the huge telescope was from the Chinese scientist, Nan Rendong. He began working on the FAST project in 1994. He led a research team to work around the clock. The biggest and most important challenge was where to build the telescope. Nan and his team spent more than ten years climbing up and down the mountains to find the right place. Finally, they chose a quiet mountain valley (山谷). It’s good for listening for weak signals. Then Nan began to work there most of his time. Life was quite hard in deep mountains, but he only cared about how to finish the project. With little experience, it was difficult to build such a huge telescope. With great effort and a strong will, he led his team to overcome all kinds of difficulties and finally completed the project in 2016. From a strong middle-aged man to an elder, he devoted himself to the project. Nan passed away at the age of 72. He lived simply all his lifetime. He never thought about his own gain or loss. He is the role model of our times. We should learn from him and connect our dream with the development of our country. 1．China’s FAST is a ________. A．telephone B．television C．telescope D．telegram 2．In the writer’s opinion, what’s the key of Nan’s success? A．Great effort and a strong will. B．Saving up his energy. C．Sharing with the world. D．Good luck. 3．What does the underlined word “devote himself to” mean in the passage? A．be on behalf of B．put all the energy into C．have no effort on D．protect him from 4．What does the writer call on the readers to do? A．We needn’t pay any attention to small jobs. B．In order to succeed, we should learn more about science. C．We are supposed to connect our dream with the development of our country. D．We should take more measures to build the FAST. 5．What’s the best title of the passage? A．Look into the universe. B．The way of listening. C．Stick on our opinions. D．The father of the FAST. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文主要讲了中国科学家南仁东建中国天眼的过程以及对中国科技的伟大贡献。 1．细节理解题。根据“China’s FAST is the largest radio telescope in the world. ”可知，中国天眼是世界上最大的射电望远镜。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“ With great effort and a strong will, he led his team to overcome all kinds of difficulties and finally completed the project in 2012.”可知，凭借不懈的付出和强大的意志，他带领团队克服重重困难，最后在2012年完成这个工程。所以推测出，南仁东成功的关键在于不懈的努力和强大的意志。故选A。 3．词义猜测题。根据第四段“From a strong middle-aged man to an elder, he devoted himself to the project.”可知，从一个强壮的中年人到一位老者，他一直致力于中国天眼的研究。所以他是把毕生精力都倾注到这项工程上。故划线短语“devote himself to”是指“把所有的精力投入到……”。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“We should learn from him and connect our dream with the development of our country.”可知，我们应该向他学习，并且把我们的梦想与我国的发展联系在一起，心系祖国。所以作者呼吁读者，应该把我们的梦想与我国的发展联系在一起。故选C。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文，主要讲了中国科学家南仁东建中国天眼的过程以及对中国科技的伟大贡献。所以这篇文章的最佳标题：中国天眼之父。故选D。 杂交水稻之父：袁隆平 文章 1 On May 22, 2021, people in China and around the world felt sad. China’s “Father of hybrid rice (杂交水稻)” Yuan Longping died at the age of 91 on this day. He was a famous scientist in China and spent over 50 years making rice plants that could grow more rice to feed people. For Chinese families, rice is an important part of almost every meal. But in the past, the lack (短缺) of enough rice was a big problem. Many people died because they had no food. To solve the problem, Yuan Longping decided to study agriculture (农业). His mother worried this work would be hard. But Yuan said, “Having enough food was the most important thing for us.” In the 1960s, many Chinese suffered from hunger. Yuan began developing a kind of hybrid rice. It had high output (产量). By planting it, people could have more food. In the 1970s, Yuan successfully grew a new type of hybrid rice, which could feed millions more people every year! Yuan’s hybrid rice is also being grown around the world. People plant it in countries such as India, Vietnam and the US. It has pulled millions of people out of hunger. Yuan once said he had two dreams. One was to someday stand under rice plants that were taller than men. The other was to grow hybrid rice all over the world and save people from hunger. Rest in peace, Grandpa Yuan. We will work hard to make your dreams come true! 1．What happened on May 22, 2021? A．Yuan Longping travelled abroad. B．Yuan Longping died. C．Yuan Longping invented hybrid rice. D．Yuan Longping received an award. 2．Why did Yuan Longping decide to study agriculture? A．He wanted to become famous. B．His mother encouraged him to. C．He wanted to solve the problem of lack of food. D．He was interested in plants. 3．What was one of Yuan Longping’s achievements (成就) in the 1970s? A．He developed a new type of hybrid rice. B．He travelled to the US. C．He wrote a famous book. D．He received a Nobel Prize. 4．What were Yuan Longping’s two dreams? A．To win a Nobel Prize and to travel around the world. B．To stand under rice plants taller than men and to grow hybrid rice worldwide. C．To become a famous scientist and to help his family. D．To write a book and to teach at a university. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．To describe the life and achievements of Yuan Longping. B．To explain the history of agriculture in China. C．To discuss the challenges of growing rice. D．To compare different types of rice. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了“杂交水稻之父”——袁隆平的生平以及他在农业方面取得的成就。 1．细节理解题。根据“On May 22, 2021, people in China and around the world felt sad. China’ s ‘Father of hybrid rice (杂交水稻)’ Yuan Longping died at the age of 91 on this day.”可知，2021年5月22日，杂交水稻之父袁隆平去世。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Many people died because they had no food. To solve the problem, Yuan Longping decided to study agriculture (农业).”可知，袁隆平学习农业的目的是解决粮食短缺的问题。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“In the 1970s, Yuan successfully grew a new type of hybrid rice, which could feed millions more people every year!”可知，在20世纪70年代，袁隆平培育一种新型的杂交水稻。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“One was to someday stand under rice plants that were taller than men. The other was to grow hybrid rice all over the world and save people from hunger.”可知，袁隆平的两个梦想分别是：站在比人还高的水稻田下和在世界各地种植杂交水稻，使人们免于饥饿。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了中国“杂交水稻之父”——袁隆平的生平和他的成就。故选A。 国家杰出贡献科学家：钱学森 文章 Qian Xuesen was born in Shanghai on December 11th, 1911. He is known as “the father of China’s space program” and “the king of the rocket”. When he was 24 years old, Qian went to America for further study. After graduation, he worked in America for a few years, where his working conditions were better. In the early 1950s, he heard New China had been founded and decided not to stay in America any longer. He succeeded in coming back to his motherland in 1955 though the American government tried to stop him. In 1956, Qian Xuesen suggested setting up a special organization, which later became the leading organization for China’s rocket and air travel programmes. In June 1964, China successfully created its first medium rocket. Qian also played an important role in developing China’s first man-made satellite. On April 24th, 1970, “Dongfanghong-Ⅰ” was successfully sent into the air. In 1964, a young man wrote Qian Xuesen a letter and pointed out a mistake in his published article. Qian immediately answered the letter and encouraged the young man to write an article about the mistake. Zhu Yilin, who was said to be the last student of Qian Xuesen, once said, “I learnt a lot professional knowledge as well as the spirit and attitude that a scientist should have from Mr Qian, especially his deep love for the motherland. Without that, he couldn’t have helped to develop science and technology when New China was badly in need of scientists for its development. Without that, he would not have made the great contribution (贡献) to rocket industry in the late 1950s and early 1960s when conditions in China were too hard.” Mr Qian has been dead for ten years, but he will live in the memory of Chinese people forever. 1．Why did Qian Xuesen go to America when he was young? A．To find a new job. B．To receive further study. C．To meet with his parents D．To find better working conditions. 2．When was China’s first medium rocket created? A．In 1955. B．In 1956. C．In 1964. D．In 1970. 3．What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us? A．The way Qian Xuesen tried to return to China. B．The reason why a special organization was set up. C．The role Qian Xuesen played in making the satellite. D．The contribution Qian Xuesen has made to China. 4．In Zhu Yilin’s opinion, what made Qian Xuesen work hard for his motherland? A．His love for the motherland. B． His professional knowledge. C．His working experience. D．His anger towards America. 5．We can learn from the passage that? A．Qian was not welcome in America in the 1950. B．The young man couldn’t understand Qian’s articles. C．New China was in great need of scientists like Qian. D．Hard conditions made it easier to develop rocket industry. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍钱学森的生平以及对祖国的巨大贡献。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“When he was 24 years old, Qian went to America for further study”可知，钱学森年轻时去美国是为了深造。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“In June 1964, China successfully created its first medium rocket”可知，1964年中国成功地制造了第一枚中型火箭。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。根据“In June 1964, China successfully created its first medium rocket.”及“On April 24th, 1970, ‘Dongfanghong-Ⅰ’ was successfully sent into the air.”可知，本段主要介绍了钱学森对中国的贡献。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据第五段“I learnt a lot professional knowledge as well as the spirit and attitude that a scientist should have from Mr Qian, especially his deep love for the motherland.…”可知，钱学森为祖国拼搏的主要原因是对祖国的爱。故选A。 5．细节理解题。根据“Without that, he couldn’t have helped to develop science and technology when New China was badly in need of scientists for its development.”可知，新中国非常需要像钱学森这样的科学家。故选C。 一、阅读理解 Deng Jiaxian was a Chinese physicist, known as the Father of China’s Atomic Bomb（原子弹）. Born in Anhui Province, Deng attended the National Southwestern Associated University in 1941 and went to America for a further study in physics. He studied a lot and got much useful knowledge. After Deng’s graduation, he didn’t accept the high-paid positions and superb research conditions provided by the American government or universities. Instead, he returned to Beijing in 1950 to work on nuclear research（核能研究）. Deng faced great difficulties at that time because there was no such research information to learn from and few scientists. He worked with a group of recent college graduates and used abacuses for calculation. It took about a month to finish a stage of calculation and about a year to calculate it nine times. For about eight years Deng worked very hard at the Gobi Desert nuclear testing site in northwest China. In October 1964, under Deng’s leadership, China successfully tested its first atomic bomb. In June 1967, China’s first hydrogen bomb test was also carried out successfully. In 1979, a parachute failure happened during one experiment, which caused an atomic bomb to crash to the ground but it did not set off. Deng knew the danger in cleaning up the crashed bomb. “You are young; you can’t go to do this, ” Deng said to his colleagues. So he picked up the broken pieces of the bomb himself instead of sending his team. Deng’s wife, a doctor, learned that Deng had touched the broken pieces of the atomic bomb, and ordered him to return to Beijing for a full body checking. The results showed that he had been badly hurt by deadly nuclear radiation（辐射）. However, he still chose to return to the test site and continued to solve the problem himself. In 1986, at age 62, Deng passed away because of the radiation. As a national hero, he was awarded the Two Bombs and One Satellite Merit Medal in 1999. 1．When was Deng Jiaxian born? A．In 1941. B．In 1924. C．In 1920. D．In 1950. 2．What does the underlined word “superb”  mean in Paragraph 2? A．silent B．excellent C．different D．patient 3．Which of the following is the correct order according to the passage? ①China successfully tested its first atomic bomb. ②Deng returned to Beijing and work on nuclear research. ③Deng studied in the USA． ④Deng was exposed to deadly nuclear radiation. A．②③①④ B．②①③④ C．③②①④ D．③②④① 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．Deng used abacuses for calculation because they made less mistakes. B．Deng’s nuclear research was based on many scientists’ hard work. C．Deng’s wife was greatly worried about Deng’s health condition. D．Deng never took safety measures when picking up the broken pieces of the bomb. 5．What can be the best title for the passage? A．A Chinese physicist who achieved his dream with hard work. B．A national hero who gave his whole life to China’s nuclear program. C．The history and development of China’s nuclear program. D．The greatest hero winning a Merit Medal in Chinese history. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文主要讲了邓稼先的个人经历，他把一生都献给了中国的核研究，对中国的核事业发展有着巨大的贡献。 1．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In 1986, at age 62, Deng passed away because of the radiation.”可知，1986年他62岁，1986-62=1924年，故他于1924年出生。故选B。 2．词义猜测题。根据“he didn’t accept the high-paid positions and superb research conditions provided by the American government or universities.”可知，他放弃了美国提供的高薪，那么研究条件也应该是很优越的。故划线单词“superb”与excellent同义，译为“优越的”。故选B。 3．句子排序题。通读全文，先是介绍了他去美国深造，然后毕业之后放弃美国高薪而回国做核研究，接着经过他和团队的艰苦努力，中国成功测试成功了第一颗原子弹，最后在一次失败的试验中他遭受到原子弹的碎片引起的核辐射，导致在他62岁辞世。故这篇文章的正确顺序是③②①④，故选C。 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“and ordered him to return to Beijing for a full body checking.”可知，他的妻子让他回北京做个全身体检，她是很担心他的身体状况。故选C。 4．最佳标题题。通读全文，主要讲了邓稼先的个人经历，他把一生都献给了中国的核研究，对中国的核事业发展有着巨大的贡献。故最佳标题是：一个把自己整个生命都献给了中国核事业的国家英雄。故选B。 Over the past decades, many people have made great contribution to our country’s development, helping it growing through their hard work. They are the heroes of all Chinese people. We should learn from them, and study hard for our country. Qian Xuesen is a famous scientist in the world. He was named “The Father of Chinese Missile (中国导弹之父)”. He was born in Shanghai in 1911. He completed his doctor’s degree in 1938 in America. He tried to come back to China in 1950, but the American government stopped him. Five years later, he came back to China. He gave his life to Chinese space flight technology. Zhong Nanshan was born in October, 1936. He is one of the famous medical scientists in the 21st century. Dr. Zhong Nanshan was the first to tell the public that the virus could be transmitted from person to person. He is a good doctor in the countrymen’s eyes and respected by all Chinese people. Yuan Longping, the “father of hybrid rice”. He was Born in 1930 in Beijing. He began researching hybrid rice in 1964, succeeding in cultivating the world’s first high-yielding hybrid rice strain in 1973. His research on higher rice yields (产量) helps fight hunger in China and other parts of the world. 1．What’s the structure of the passage? A．①—②—③—④ B．①—②③④ C．①②—③④ D．①②③—④ 2．When did Qian Xuesen come back to China? A．In 1911. B．In 1938. C．In 1950. D．In 1955. 3．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “transmitted”? A．translated                    B．spread C．communicated D．moved 4．Why is Yuan Longping called “father of hybrid rice”? A．Because he cultivated hybrid rice strain. B．Because he was the father of the hybrid rice. C．Because he researched the hybrid rice. D．Because he discovered the hybrid rice. 5．The purpose of the passage is ________. A．to encourage us to be heroes B．to show their performance C．to tell us why they want to do that D．to let us learn from them and study hard for our country 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文介绍了三位为国家做出杰出贡献的人：钱学森、钟南山和袁隆平。 1．篇章结构题。 根据第一段“Over the past decades, many people have made great contribution to our country’s development, helping it growing through their hard work.”可知，第一段用于引出主题，为第一部分；第二、三、四段分别介绍了三位为国家做出杰出贡献的人，为第二部分。故选B。 2．推理判断题。 根据第二段“He tried to come back to China in 1950, but the American government stopped him. Five years later, he came back to China.”可知，在1950年钱学森尝试回中国，但美国政府阻止了他，五年后，他才回到中国。由此推知，钱学森是1955年回到中国。故选D。 3．词义猜测题。 根据第三段“Dr. Zhong Nanshan was the first to tell the public that the virus could be transmitted from person to person.”可知，钟南山院士是第一个告诉公众病毒可以在人与人之间传播的人。由此猜测，transmitted意为spread“传播”。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段 “He began researching hybrid rice in 1964, succeeding in cultivating the world’s first high-yielding hybrid rice strain in 1973.”可知，袁隆平于1964年开始研究杂交水稻，并于1973年成功培育出世界上第一个高产杂交水稻品种，由此推测，他被称为“杂交水稻之父”是因为他培育了杂交水稻品种。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。 根据第一段“We should learn from them, and study hard for our country.”并通读全文可知，本文的写作目的是让我们向他们学习，并且为了国家努力学习。故选D。 “I spent my whole life doing one thing,” Gu Fangzhou once said. Known as the “Father of Sugar Pills (糖丸)”, Gu passed away at the age of 92 on January 2, 2019. Eight months later, he received a national honorary title (荣誉称号) “the People’s Scientist” for his polio (脊髓灰质炎) research. Gu Fangzhou, a famous medical scientist, was born in June, 1926. Gu’s family faced a difficult time with the sudden death of his father. He studied hard and finally entered Peking University as a medical student in 1944. After graduation, Gu made the decision to work to help improve public health. In 1955, polio broke out in Nantong, Jiangsu Province. It paralyzed (使瘫痪) 1,680 people, mostly children aged below seven. It spread to neighbouring areas and resulted in 466 deaths. Gu was asked to lead polio research in 1957. “At that time the only way to prevent polio was to invent a vaccine (疫苗),” said Gu. In 1959, Gu succeeded in developing the first polio live vaccine. Later, he developed the “sugar-coated pill” vaccine in the early 1960s. It not only tasted better but was more affordable and easier to keep. In order to test the vaccine, Gu himself tried the vaccine and later his one-month-old son was vaccinated. This inspired his team to vaccinate their kids. They became the first group of people in China to try a polio vaccine. “If we don’t believe in what we produce, how can others believe in it?” said Gu. Gradually, the sugar-coated polio vaccine was made available in China. It saved millions of people, especially kids, from being disabled. In 2000, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that China was already a polio-free country. “We feel satisfied. I can tell people that I tried my best, and your kids will no longer get polio,” said Gu. “That’s all we hoped for.’’ 1．Which is the right order of the following events? ①Gu Fangzhou became “the People’s Scientist”.    ②Gu Fangzhou went to university. ③Gu Fangzhou was asked to lead polio research.    ④Gu Fangzhou lost his father. A．④②①③ B．②④①③ C．②④③① D．④②③① 2．How old was Gu Fangzhou when he entered Peking University? A．15. B．16. C．18. D．20. 3．How many persons died of polio in 1955? A．466. B．1,959. C．1,680. D．1,960. 4．Who was the first person to try the polio vaccine in China? A．Gu Fangzhou’s son. B．Gu Fangzhou himself. C．Gu Fangzhou’s partner. D．Gu Fangzhou’s partner’s kid. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．A Great Medical Scientist. B．An Important Medical Invention. C．The Hard Work of Preventing Polio. D．Some Facts about the Polio Vaccine. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了被授予“人民科学家”国家荣誉称号的科学家顾方舟的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据“Gu’s family faced a difficult time with the sudden death of his father. He studied hard and finally entered Peking University as a medical student in 1944.”、“Gu was asked to lead polio research in 1957.”和“Eight months later, he received a national honorary title ‘the People’s Scientist’”可知，首先发生的事件是顾方舟失去了父亲，接着他去北京大学学习，后来被要求领导脊髓灰质炎的研究，在他去世后被授予“人民科学家”的称号。所以题干中事件发生的顺序为④②③①。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“Gu Fangzhou, a famous medical scientist, was born in June, 1926.”和“entered Peking University as a medical student in 1944”可知，顾方舟1926年出生，1944年进入北京大学学习，所以他当时年龄为18岁。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“It spread to neighbouring areas and resulted in 466 deaths.”可知，1955年有466人死于小儿麻痹症。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“In order to test the vaccine, Gu himself tried the vaccine and later...”可知，为了测试疫苗，顾方舟是第一个尝试的人。故选B。 5．最佳标题题。根据“Eight months later, he received a national honorary title ‘the People’s Scientist’”及下文内容可知，全文主要介绍了被授予“人民科学家”称号的顾方舟的生平经历，A选项“一个伟大的医学科学家”符合原文内容。故选A。 Think of somebody you really admire. You will probably find that their success didn’t come easily. As “Father of Hybrid Rice”, Yuan Longping got over great difficulties and spent his whole life working to reduce (减少) world hunger and helping to feed the country with the largest population. Wu Mengchao, the “Father of Chinese Hepatobiliary Surgery (肝胆外科)”, focused on saving people’s lives for nearly eighty years. He performed more than 16,000 operations (手术) during his life. Holding the surgeon’s knife for such a long time deformed (改变……的外形) his fingers. Wu once said, “It would be my greatest happiness if I could work at the operating table until my dying day.” In 1969, in order to solve the problem of treating malaria (疟疾), Tu Youyou, a pharmacologist (药学家), took on the job as head of a research team. She and her teammates performed different kinds of experiments. However, the results were not satisfying. Instead of giving up, they kept trying. Finally, in 1972, they made it! In 2015, at the age of 85, she received a Nobel Prize. Thomas Edison, the inventor of the light bulb, believed that every failure was a step towards success. He once said, “If I find 10,000 ways something won’t work. I haven’t failed. I am not discouraged (气馁的), because every wrong try is another step forward.” 1．What's the purpose of Paragraph 1? A．To introduce the passage. B．To draw readers’ attention. C．To encourage the readers. D．To introduce successful people. 2．How old is Tu Youyou in 2023? A．85. B．88. C．92. D．93. 3．Who believed “Every failure was a step towards success.”? A．Yuan Longping. B．Wu Menghcao. C．Tu Youyou. D．Thomas Edison. 4．What does the writer mainly want to tell us? A．The more difficulties, the better. B．Not everyone can be successful. C．Great hopes make great men. D．Great achievements aren’t made naturally. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文通过介绍伟人的事迹来告诉我们伟大的成就不是天生的，这些伟人的共同点就是无论发生什么都坚持自己的目标。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第1段“Think of somebody you really admire. You will probably find that their success didn’t come easily.”（想想你真正钦佩的人。你可能会发现他们的成功来之不易。）可推知，第1段的目的是吸引读者的注意力，让读者对文章接下来要讲述的内容产生兴趣。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第4段“In 2015, at the age of 85, she received a Nobel Prize.”（2015年，85岁的她获得了诺贝尔奖。）可推知，屠呦呦在2023年应为93岁。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第5段“Thomas Edison, the inventor of the light bulb, believed that every failure was a step towards success.”可推知，托马斯·爱迪生相信“每一次失败都是迈向成功的一步”。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章内容，特别是第1段“You will probably find that their success didn’t come easily.”可推知，作者主要想告诉我们伟大的成就不是自然产生的。故选D。 二、任务型阅读 阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 China has its first Nobel Prize in Science. And the winner, 84-year-old Chinese scientist Tu Youyou, also became the first Chinese woman to win the Nobel Prize. She won the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with William C． Campbell, an Irish-born researcher, and Satoshi Omura of Japan. The three winners will share the prize of 8 million Swedish crowns ($920,000). Half of the Prize was given to William C． Campbell and Satoshi Omura for their new treatment against illness caused by roundworm parasites(寄生虫). Tu Youyou won the other half of the Prize for developing a medicine, Artemisinin(青蒿素), which can help people fight malaria(疟疾). More than 240 million people in Africa have benefited from the treatment, according to the WHO(World Health Organization), and more than 1.5 million lives have been saved since 2000, thanks to the medicine. Tu Youyou started her research in 1969 when she was chosen as the director of a government project to find anti-malaria medicines. She and her workmates studied ancient Chinese medicine books and many different traditional treatments. They did nearly 200 experiments before they finally succeeded in getting the material Qinghaosu, later known as Artemisinin, in the 1970s. This medicine became the standard treatment for malaria in the WHO’s list of important medicines. Premier Li Keqiang congratulated Tu for winning the Prize. He said, “Tu’s winning the prize shows China’s progress in scientific and technological field and marks a great contribution of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) to human health.” Although it’s a late honor for Tu and the world’s recognition of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tu’s winning the first Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine makes Chinese scientists encouraged and confident to achieve more success in the future. 1．How many scientists won the 2015 Noble Prize in Physiology or Medicine? 2．Why did Tu Youyou win the Nobel Prize? 3．How did Tu Youyou and her workmates do the research? 4．What do you think of Tu Youyou? Why? 【答案】1．Three. 2．For developing a medicine, Artemisinin, which can help people fight malaria. 3．They studied ancient Chinese medicine books and many different traditional treatments, and did nearly 200 experiments. 4．She is a great scientist. Because she has made great contribution to saving people’s lives. 【导语】本文介绍了八十四岁高龄的中国科学家屠呦呦是中国第一个获得诺贝尔奖的科学家，也是中国第一个获得诺贝尔奖的女性，文章简要介绍了她和她的同事发现青蒿素的过程。 1．根据“She won the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with William C. Campbell, an Irish-born researcher, and Satoshi Omura of Japan.”可知，中国女科字家屠和一名日本科学家及一名爱尔兰科学家分享2015年诺贝尔生理字或医学奖，故填Three. 2．根据“Tu Youyou won the other half of the Prize for developing a medicine, Artemisinin(青蒿素), which can help people fight malaria(疟疾).”可知，屠呦呦获得诺贝尔奖是因为她发现了可以帮助人们对抗疟疾的青蒿素，故填For developing a medicine, Artemisinin, which can help people fight malaria. 3．根据“She and her workmates studied ancient Chinese medicine books and many different traditional treatments. They did nearly 200 experiments before they finally succeeded in getting the material Qinghaosu, later known as Artemisinin, in the 1970s.”可知，屠呦呦和她的同事研究了中国古代医学书籍和许多不同的传统治疗方法。他们之前做了近200个实验才成功地发现青蒿素，故填They studied ancient Chinese medicine books and many different traditional treatments, and did nearly 200 experiments. 4．开放性题目，言之有理即可。根据短文描述可知屠呦呦她是一位伟大的科学家，因为她为拯救人们的生命做出了巨大的贡献。故填She is a great scientist. Because she has made great contribution to saving people’s lives. 阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 Huang Xuhua, an outstanding Chinese scientist, is widely known as the “Father of China’s Nuclear Submarines” (核潜艇). He was born on March 12, 1926, in Guangdong, In his early years, China was in a mess. Japanese planes often made cruel attacks on Chinese cities, and their warships landed on Chinese beaches, causing huge losses. These hardships deeply influenced Huang Xuhua, deeply planting the seed of serving his country in his heart. He made up his mind to study shipbuilding, believing that it was the key to making China stronger. Building Chin’s first nuclear submarines was a very challenging and highly secret project. For more than 30 years, Huang Xuhua was kept away from his family. He couldn’t attend his children’s first steps, their school graduations, or spend precious festivals with his parents. Whenever he thought of his family, a strong feeling of guilt (愧疚) would hit him, but his sense of duty to the country always won out. The working environment was not good at all. Without modern computers, Huang and his team had to use simple abacuses (算盘) to do difficult figuring. Day after day, they studied carefully figures, facing a lot of problems. However, their hard work finally produced fruits. In 1970, China’s first nuclear attack submarine, Long March No.1, was ready for sea tests and entered service in 1974, making China the fifth country in the world to own this powerful weapon. In 1988, at the age of 62, Huang Xuhua joined the submarine’s first deep—diving test, a task full of risks. Even in his later years, he still went to the research center often, hope to pass on his knowledge and experience to the young people. His story is a powerful reminder that we should always run after our dreams and give our time and energy to our country, no matter how many difficulties lie ahead. 1．When was Huang Xuhua born? 2．Why couldn’t Huang Xuhua go home for over 30 years? 3．Did Huang Xuhua’s team use many tools for math problems? 4．When did Long March No.1 start trials and work? 5．How do you like Huang Xuhua? 【答案】1．On March 12, 1926. 2．Because he was involved in the highly secret project of building China’s first nuclear submarines. 3．No. 4．It started trials in 1970 and entered service in 1974. 5．I admire Huang Xuhua for his dedication, perseverance, and contribution to China’s nuclear submarine program. 【导语】本文讲述了黄旭华的生平事迹。 1．根据“He was born on March 12, 1926, in Guangdong”可知黄旭华出生于1926年3月12日。故填On March 12, 1926. 2．根据“Building Chin’s first nuclear submarines was a very challenging and highly secret project. For more than 30 years, Huang Xuhua was kept away from his family.”可知，黄旭华因为参与中国第一艘核潜艇的建造，这是一个高度机密的项目，所以30多年不能回家。故填Because he was involved in the highly secret project of building China’s first nuclear submarines. 3．根据“Without modern computers, Huang and his team had to use simple abacuses (算盘) to do difficult figuring.”可知，黄旭华的团队没有使用很多工具，而是使用简单的算盘来解决数学问题。故填No. 4．根据“In 1970, China’s first nuclear attack submarine, Long March No.1, was ready for sea tests and entered service in 1974”可知，长征一号在1970年开始海试，并在1974年投入使用。故填It started trials in 1970 and entered service in 1974. 5．根据短文内容，黄旭华是一位为国家奉献一生的杰出科学家，他克服了重重困难，为中国核潜艇事业做出了巨大贡献。故填I admire Huang Xuhua for his dedication, perseverance, and contribution to China’s nuclear submarine program. 阅读下面短文，完成短文后的问题。 Qian Xuesen, born in Shanghai in 1911 and died in 2009, came from Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. He is a world famous scientist, aerodynamicist (空气动力学家), founder (缔造者) of China’s manned space flight, “Father of China’s scientific system” and “King of rocket”. Qian graduated from Jiaotong University in 1934 and became one of the 20 public students to study in the United States in October. Qian made great achievements in science while studying and working in the United States. He became a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (麻省理工学院) at the age of 36． When the news of the birth of the People’s Republic of China reached the United States in 1949, Qian and his wife Jiang Ying discussed returning to China as soon as possible to serve our motherland. However, in 1950, when Qian was stopped by US officials on his way to a port to return to China, he was put in jail (监狱). A senior American officer once said that Qian was worth five divisions ((军队编制中的)师) wherever he went. Since then, Qian was persecuted (迫害) by the US government and lost freedom. He lost weight of about fifteen kilograms in a month. The US government searched his home and took away all his belongings by force, including 800 kilograms of books and notebooks. In 1955, with every effort that Chairman Mao Zedong and Premier Zhou Enlai had put, Qian, together with his wife and two children, returned to China. For many years, Qian led his team to work hard for our motherland in the field of missile and atomic bomb (导弹和原子弹), which was a great contribution to China’s national security (安全). Many VIPs sang high praise for him. In 1999, he was awarded the “Two Bombs and One Satellite Medal of Merit” (两弹一星功勋奖章). 1．How many other public students went to study in the US besides Qian in October, 1934? 2．In which year did Qian become a professor at the MIT? 3．When was the PRC founded (成立)? 4．What was Qian’s value according to a senior American officer’s opinion? 5．Who played an important part in Qian’s returning to China? 【答案】1．Nineteen/19. 2．In 1947. 3．In 1949. 4．Qian/He was worth five divisions wherever he went. 5．(Chairman) Mao Zedong and (Premier) Zhou Enlai. 【导语】本文介绍了钱学森求学历程以及他一生取得的成就。 1．根据“Qian graduated from Jiaotong University in 1934 and became one of the 20 public students to study in the United States in October.”可知他于10月成为20名赴美公费留学的学生之一，因此其他的学生有19名。故填Nineteen/19. 2．根据“He became a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (麻省理工学院) at the age of 36”以及“Qian Xuesen, born in Shanghai in 1911”可知是在36岁时，也就是1947年，故填In 1947. 3．根据“When the news of the birth of the People’s Republic of China reached the United States in 1949”可知1949年，中华人民共和国诞生，故填In 1949. 4．根据“A senior American officer once said that Qian was worth five divisions ((军队编制中的)师) wherever he went.”可知一位美国高级军官曾经说过，无论钱学森走到哪里，他的价值都是五个师。故填Qian/He was worth five divisions wherever he went. 5．根据“In 1955, with every effort that Chairman Mao Zedong and Premier Zhou Enlai had put, Qian, together with his wife and two children, returned to China.”可知是毛泽东和周恩来，故填(Chairman) Mao Zedong and (Premier) Zhou Enlai. 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$