专题01 短文首字母填空15篇（南京中考真题+中考模拟）-备战2025年中考英语语法+题型练习(中考真题+中考模拟)(南京专用)

专题01 短文首字母填空15篇 (南京中考真题+中考模拟) 中考真题练 （2023·江苏南京·中考真题）请根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。 An excerpt (节选) from the famous classic novel Alice in Wonderland reads as follows: “Would you tell me, please, which way I ought to go from here?” asked Alice. “That d 1 a great deal on where you want to get to,” said the Cheshire Cat. “I don’t much care where!” said Alice. “Then it doesn’t matter which way you go,” replied the cat. Most of us are l 2 Alice in the above dialogue. We don’t have a specific (明确的) idea of where we want to r 3 and what we want to become in life. It is said that “Good luck is the r 4 of good planning” and “Well planned is half done”. To plan means to look ahead and design f 5 courses of action to be followed. Decide what e 6 you want to achieve and plan in detail when and how you are going to do a specific activity. According to Koontz & O’ Donell, “Planning is d 7 what to do, how to do and who is to do it in advance (事先). Planning works as a b 8 between where we are and where we want to go. It makes possible things happen, which wouldn’t otherwise happen”. So start p 9 yourselves for your future plans right away. Plan your present well so you would have nothing to r 10 in future. Now it’s time for you to take important decisions! 【答案】 1．(d)epends 2．(l)ike 3．(r)each 4．(r)esult 5．(f)uture 6．(e)xactly 7．(d)eciding 8．(b)ridge 9．(p)reparing 10．(r)egret 【导语】本文通过爱丽丝与柴郡猫的对话引出主题，强调了人生规划的重要性。 1．句意：“那在很大程度上取决于你想要到达哪里。” 柴郡猫说。“depend on”是固定短语，意为“取决于”，句子描述的是一般性的情况，用一般现在时，主语“That”是第三人称单数，所以“depend”要用第三人称单数形式“depends”。故填(d)epends。 2．句意：我们大多数人就像上述对话中的爱丽丝一样。根据“Most of us are l... Alice in the above dialogue.”可知，这里表示“像……一样”，用介词“like”。故填(l)ike。 3．句意：我们对自己想要到达哪里以及在生活中想要成为什么样的人没有一个明确的想法。“want to do sth.”是固定用法，意为 “想要做某事”，这里表示“想要到达”，结合首字母“r”，可知用动词“reach”。故填(r)each。 4．句意：据说“好运是良好规划的结果”，“良好的规划是成功的一半”。“the result of...”是固定短语，意 “……的结果”，符合语境，结合首字母“r”，可知这里用“result”。故填(r)esult。 5．句意：规划意味着向前看，并为未来要遵循的行动方案进行设计。根据“To plan means to look ahead”可知，规划是为未来做的，结合首字母“f”，可知这里用形容词“future” 修饰“courses of action”。故填(f)uture。 6．句意：决定你确切想要实现什么，并详细规划你何时以及如何去做一项特定的活动。这里修饰动词“achieve”，结合首字母 “e”，可知用副词“exactly”，意为“确切地”。故填(e)xactly。 7．句意：根据孔茨和奥唐纳的说法，“规划就是事先决定做什么、怎么做以及谁来做”。“is”后接动词时用动名词形式作表语，结合首字母“d”和“what to do, how to do and who is to do it in advance”可知，这里用“deciding”。故填(d)eciding。 8．句意：规划是我们现在所处的位置和我们想要到达的位置之间的桥梁。“a”后接可数名词单数，根据“between where we are and where we want to go”以及首字母“b”，可知这里用“bridge”，“a bridge between...”表示 “……之间的桥梁”。故填(b)ridge。 9．句意：所以立刻开始为你未来的计划做好准备吧。“start doing sth.”是固定用法，意为“开始做某事”，结合首字母“p”和“for your future plans”可知，这里用“preparing”，“prepare for...”表示“为……做准备”。故填(p)reparing。 10．句意：好好规划你的现在，这样你将来就不会有什么可后悔的了。“have nothing to do”是固定结构，意为“没有什么可做的”，这里表示“没有什么可后悔的”，结合首字母“r”，可知用动词“regret”。故填(r)egret。 （2022·江苏南京·中考真题）请根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。 The Edible Schoolyard program is part garden, part kitchen, and part classroom. It is all about the joy of l 1 . The large garden is right behind King, Jr. Middle School in Berkeley, California. Chef Alice Waters started the Edible Schoolyard. She likes to d 2 lot of her time to it. Inside the Edible Schoolyard Every year, the school’s sixth-grade students plant, tend, and harvest the crops from the garden. They learn about the effects (影响) that c 3 climate and weather have on the plants. During a drought, for example, they must water the garden more often. This keeps everything a 4 and healthy. The students grow many types of fruits, vegetables and herbs. Brilliant colors surround the kids a 5 they work in the garden that stretches towards the horizon. Time to Get Cooking The students also learn h 6 to cook healthy meals with the food they grow. The school houses many different students and c 7 . So, the meals are different from Indian curries to Mediterranean grape leaves. Some of the kids learn to overcome ( 克服) their fear of u 8 foods. If there are conflicts (冲突) in the kitchen or the garden, students must work to s 9 them. The program fits with the vision of inclusion, equality, and peaceful growth without violence. Tastes Great and Is Healthy Too Everything grown in the garden is organic. All meals the kids p 10 are good for them. The Edible Schoolyard program has received good publicity for teaching students about healthy food. 【答案】 1．(l)earning 2．(d)evote 3．(c)hanging 4．(a)live 5．(a)s 6．(h)ow 7．(c)haracters 8．(u)nknown 9．(s)olve 10．(p)repare 【导语】本文介绍了位于加州伯克利市King, Jr. Middle School的可食用校园项目。 1．句意：这一切都是关乎学习的乐趣。根据“The Edible Schoolyard program is part garden, part kitchen, and part classroom.”可知，此处与可食用校园项目是关于花园、厨房和教室，这就是让学生获得学习的乐趣，learn“学习”，前面有介词of，要用动名词，故填(l)earning。 2．句意：她花了很多时间致力于此。devote...to...“致力于”，like to do sth“喜欢做某事”。故填(d)evote。 3．句意：他们了解气候和天气变化对植物的影响。根据常识，气候和天气是变化着的，change“变化”，此处作定语，要用现在分词，故填(c)hanging。 4．句意：这使得花园的一切健康地活着。根据“During a drought, for example, they must water the garden more often.”可知，干旱天气时，给花园浇水，目的应该是不让植物死去，即保持植物活着，alive“活着的”，与形容词healthy并列，用形容词，故填(a)live。 5．句意：当孩子们在与天际融为一起的花园里劳动时，色彩斑斓的风景把孩子们环绕。结合句意，色彩斑斓的风景把孩子们环绕，是在孩子们在与天际融为一起的花园里劳动的时候，因此用as引导时间状语从句，故填(a)s。 6．句意：学生们还学习如何用他们种植的食材烹饪健康的饭菜。根据“learn…to cook healthy meals”，结合首字母提示，可知此处表示他们如何烹饪，how“如何”。故填(h)ow。 7．句意：这所学校容纳了许多不同的学生和人物。空处所填的词必须与students构成并列关系，且指人并用其复数形式，结合首字母提示可知填characters“人物”。故填(c)haracters。 8．句意：有些孩子学会了克服他们对未知食物的恐惧。根据“Some of the kids learn to overcome their fear of...”可知，有些孩子为什么要恐惧，是因为他们对某些食物不熟悉，即未知，unknown“未知的”，是形容词，修饰名词foods，用形容词，故填(u)nknown。 9．句意：如果在厨房或花园中有矛盾冲突，学生们必须努力解决它们。根据“If there are conflicts in the kitchen or the garden,”可知，有矛盾冲突，就得努力去解决，solve“解决”，位于动词不定式符合to后，用动词原形。故填(s)olve。 10．句意：孩子们准备的所有饭菜都对他们有益。根据“The students also learn h...to cook healthy meals with the food they grow.”和首字母p可知，是孩子们准备的饭菜，prepare“准备”，主语the kids是复数形式，谓语动词用原形，故填(p)repare。 （2021·江苏南京·中考真题）。 The problem some people have with homework is not that they find it too hard, or that it takes too long, but that they f 1 what they have to do and for when. This may be because they don’t write down exactly what n 2 to be done, or don’t make a note of when it has to be handed in. If you have a planner for school, make good u 3 of it to record what you need to do. If not, use a diary or notebook to make notes of what has to be handed in and w 4 . You could set up an “ in-tray”  system, so you can see what is w 5 to be done. This is a tray or shallow box where you put your homework each night until you are r 6 to do it. Although no one exactly looks forward to doing homework, you will get it done more efficiently(高效地)if you are well o 7 and have time and space to concentrate(专注)on it. For example, if your homework involves(需要)going online and you don’t have your o 8 computer, make sure you ‘book’ some time on the family computer, or can use one in your school library. If you have space, set up a homework ‘office’ a 9 at home with a table or desk and a comfortable chair. It should have good light, a place for your books, and your homework ‘tool kit’. It helps to get into a habit of doing homework early in the evening, and not l 10 it until the last minute at weekends. After you’ve done it, reward yourself with some fun, ‘down-time’ activities, such as some television or social networking time. 【答案】 1．(f)orget 2．(n)eeds 3．(u)se 4．(w)hen 5．(w)aiting 6．(r)eady 7．(o)rganized 8．(o)wn 9．(a)nywhere 10．(l)eaving 【分析】本文给我们讲述了如何才能不会忘记做作业，并且能按时完成它。 1．句意：有些人在做作业时遇到的问题不是他们觉得太难，或者作业时间太长，而是他们忘记了必须做什么以及什么时候做。根据转折连词but及“what they have to do and for when”及首字母提示可知，这里指忘记做什么，“忘记”为forget，是动词；该句是一般现在时，主语为第三人称复数，谓语动词用原形，故填(f)orget。 2．句意：这可能是因为他们没有写下具体需要做的事情，或者没有记下何时必须交。结合句意及首字母提示可知，这里指写下需要做的事情，sth. need to be done意为“某事需要被做”，该句是一般现在时，主语为疑问词what，谓语动词用单三形式needs，故填(n)eeds。 3．句意：如果你有一个学校记事簿，要充分利用它来记录你需要做什么。根据“ to record what you need to do”可知，要充分利用记事簿记录你要做的事情，make good use of意为“充分利用”，结合句意，故填(u)se。 4．句意：如果没有，用日记或笔记本记下必须交什么和什么时候交。根据上文“what they have to do and for when”以及首字母提示可知，这里指什么时候，when意为“何时”，故填(w)hen。 5．句意：你可以设置一个“收件箱”系统，这样你就可以看到什么是等待做的。wait to do意为“等待做某事”，空格前面有系动词is，用现在进行时，故填(w)aiting。 6．句意：每晚你把家庭作业放进这个托盘或浅盒，准备好要做作业的时候再拿出来。结合句意和首字母提示可知，这里指准备好要做作业，be ready to do sth.意为“准备做某事”，故填(r)eady。 7．句意：虽然没有人真正期待做作业，但如果你组织得好，有时间和空间集中精力做作业，你会做得更有效率。根据“have time and space to concentrate on it”及首字母提示可知，这里指你组织得好，are是be动词，此处使用形容词organized，意为“有组织的，条理的”。故填(o)rganized。 8．句意：例如，如果你的家庭作业涉及到上网，而你没有自己的电脑，那么一定要在家庭电脑上“预定”一些时间，或者可以在学校图书馆使用一台。根据“ make sure you ‘book’ some time on the family computer, or can use one in your school library”及首字母提示可知，这里指自己的电脑，own意为“自己的”，故填(o)wn。 9．句意：如果你有空间，就在家里任何地方设立一个家庭作业办公室，里面有桌子或书桌，还有一把舒适的椅子。根据“If you have space”及首字母提示可知，这里指可以在任何地方设立一个办公室，anywhere意为“任何地方”，是副词，在句中修饰动词，故填(a)nywhere。 10．句意：这有助于养成晚上早点做作业的习惯，而不是留到周末的最后一分钟才做。根据“until the last minute at weekends”及首字母提示可知，这里指留到周末的最后一分钟，leave意为“留下”，此处作“get into a habit of”的并列宾语，故填(l)eaving。 （2020·江苏南京·中考真题）。 Do you have difficulty learning English words? Well, k 1 a vocabulary notebook for learning new English words is not difficult. Here are some easy steps. First, buy a notebook w 2 at least 100 lined pages. You should select the color and size notebook that you prefer. S 3 , write down any important words that you come across when reading or listening. This step r 4 you to decide whether a word is important enough for you to learn now. Do not assume (认为) that you will learn the word l 5 . The next step is a bit difficult because you need to decide w 6 information about each word you will write in the notebook. Some learners write only a t 7 of the word. Others write an example phrase using the word. I 8 information that matches your learning style and your needs. Finally, the most important thing you can do to learn the words in your notebook is to p 9 these words several times. If the pages of your notebook are well organized, you are more likely to review the words and their information over and over. If you f 10 these important steps, you can improve your English greatly. Come and have a try! 【答案】 1．keeping 2．with 3．Second 4．requires/reminds 5．later 6．what 7．translation 8．Include 9．practice/practise 10．follow 【分析】文章大意：本文主要讲了学习英语单词的几个步骤，跟随这些步骤英语将得到极大提高。 1．句意：嗯，记单词本来学习新英语单词并不难。 根据句意“____单词本来学习英语单词并不难”，结合首字母可推出此处用keep表示“记下，记录”，此处用动名词作主语，keep的动名词形式是keeping。故答案为keeping。 2．句意：首先，买一本至少有100页横线纸的笔记本。 根据句意“一本笔记本____至少100页横线纸”，结合首字母w可推出此处用with表示“带有；具有”。故答案为with。 3．句意：其次，写下你在读或听时遇到的任何重要单词。 根据上文中“First”，结合首字母S可推出此处用Second表示“第二”。故答案为Second。 4．句意：这一步需要/提醒你决定一个单词是否足够重要，要你现在学习。 根据句意“这一步____你决定一个单词是否足够重要，要你现在学习。” 结合首字母r可推出此处用require表示“需要”，或用remind表示“提醒”。This step后接动词的第三人称单数。故答案为requires/reminds。 5．句意：不要以为你以后会学到这个单词。 根据题干中“will learn”可推出句中缺少表示将来时间的单词，结合首字母l可推出要用later表示“以后”。故答案为later。 6．句意：下一个步骤有点困难，因为你需要决定你要写在笔记本上的每个单词的信息。 根据句意“你要在笔记本上写下关于每个单词的____信息”，结合首字母w可推出要用what表示“什么”。故答案为what。 7．句意：有些学习者只写这个单词的翻译。 根据题干中“a t____ of the word”讲“单词的一个____”，结合首字母t可推出要用translation表示“翻译”，不定冠词a后接可数名词单数。故答案为translation。 8．句意：包括符合你的学习风格和需要的信息。 分析句子结构可知句中缺少主语，是个祈使句，以动词原形开头，结合句意“___符合你的学习风格和需要的信息。” 结合首字母I可推出要用Include表示“包括”。故答案为Include。 9．句意：最后，你可以在你的笔记本上做的来学习这些单词的最重要的事情是练习这些单词几次。 根据下文“to review the words and their information over and over”讲“一遍又一遍地复习单词和它们的信息”，结合首字母p可推出此处要用practice或practise表示“练习”这些新单词几次。动词不定式符号to后接动词原形。故答案为practice/practise。 10．句意：如果你遵循这些重要的步骤，你就能大大提高你的英语水平。 根据句意“如果你____这些重要的步骤，你就能大大提高你的英语水平。” 结合首字母f可推出要用follow表示“遵循”；if引导的条件状语从句，主句含有情态动词，从句用一般现在时，主语是you，谓语动词用原形。故答案为follow。 （2019·江苏南京·中考真题）。 Chinese writing is one of the world’s greatest writing systems. It is more w 1 in use than alphabetic (字母的) writing systems. More than half of the world’s books are written in Chinese, including historical writings and novels, along with writings on government and law. At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based l 2 . It dates back several thousand years to the u 3 of animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved (刻) by ancient Chinese people. Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in t 4 hanzi. By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols had become a well-developed writing system. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were d 5 geographically, leading to different dialects (方言) and characters. This, however, c 6 under Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty. Emperor Qinshihuang united (统一) the seven major states into one country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. That writing system was of great i 7 in uniting the Chinese people and culture. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still c 8 in writing. Written Chinese has also become an important method to c 9 China’s present with its past. People in modern times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times. Today, Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture. As China plays a g 10 role in the world, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate (欣赏) China’s culture through this amazing language. Written Chinese spreads Chinese culture wherever it goes. 【答案】 1．widely 2．language 3．use 4．today’s 5．divided 6．changed 7．importance 8．communicate 9．connect 10．great/greater 【分析】文章讲诉了中国汉字的历史和在世界上的重要性。中国的汉字可追溯到古代的甲骨文，到秦朝秦始皇统一了文字，汉字的书写是联系中国的现在和过去的一个主要方法，是中国文化的一个重要组成部分，中国在世界上扮演者重要角色，大量的国际学生正在通过这一神奇的语言欣赏中国文化。 1．句意：比字母书写体系运用的更广泛。根据句意和首字母，可知是widely广泛地，故填 widely。 2．句意：在开始，汉字书写是以图片为基础的语言。根据句意和首字母，可知是language语言；故填language。 3．句意：它可以追溯到几千年前动物骨头的使用。根据animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved (刻) by ancient Chinese people.和首字母，可知是use使用；故填use。 4．句意：一些古代的标志仍然在今天的汉字中能被看见。根据Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen和首字母，可知是今天的，根据hanzi可知用名词所有格；故填today’s。 5．句意：这是一个人们被地域分开的时期。根据leading to different dialects (方言) and characters. This, however, c　　6　　 under Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty和首字母，可知是分开，根据were可知是被动语态；故填divided。 6．句意：这在秦始皇统治下改变了。根据as it was a time when people were d　　5　　 geographically, leading to different dialects (方言) and characters.和Emperor Qinshihuang united (统一) the seven major states into one country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.以及首字母，可知改变了，根据秦朝，可知是过去时态；故填changed。 7．句意：书写体系在联合中国人和文化上有很大的重要性。根据Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still c　　8　　 in writing. Written Chinese has also become an important method to c　　9　　 China’s present with its past.和首字母，可知是重要性，根据great可知用名词形式；故填importance。 8．句意：他们仍然用书写来联系交流。根据Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still c　　8　　 in writing.和首字母，可知是communicate联系，交流；故填communicate。 9．句意：汉语书写也成了一个把中国的现在和过去连在一起的一个重要方法。根据China’s present with its past和首字母，可知是connect---with---  把……和……连在一起；故填connect。 10．句意：中国在世界上扮演者重要/更重大的角色。根据句意和首字母，可知是great伟大的，重要的；故填great/greater。 （2018·江苏南京·中考真题）请根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为66-75 的相应位置上。      As you've just found out, opening a book doesn't require much effort. However, even that would be i 1 if you spent the night on the streets.      After lying for hours on cold ground, with only a thin sleeping bag to protect you from rain or ice, your fingers would probably be so numb(麻木的)that you could hardly m 2 them. You'd most likely spend the day trying to find something to eat and somewhere to shelter from the freezing cold.      You might be surprised to hear that the number of people sleeping rough(露宿)in London has doubled in the last five years and has i 3 by 30% across the rest of the country during the last two years.      Once we bring a homeless person out of the freezing cold, we need your help to give him a w 4 welcome at St Mungo's very much.      Will you please give a Christmas gift of £25, which could p 5 a homeless person with a St Mungo’s welcome pack? It could have a towel, shampoo, soap(肥皂), so a homeless person can have a hot s 6 and a proper clean up. The difference you could make won't end there. You see, welcoming someone into warmth and safety is just the b 7 . You really could enable someone to change their life for good.      For Harvey, it was losing his job that led to him becoming homeless. Since Harvey was welcomed into St Mungo’s, he has received t 8 for his health and so much more. After he took courses in useful life skills, he recently moved into his own flat. With your gift, you could help us offer a warm welcome to someone I 9 Harvey who's come in from the freezing streets. I'm sure you'll a 10 that’s a wonderful present to give at Christmas. I hope you will send £25, or as much as you can, today. 【答案】 1．impossible 2．move 3．increased 4．warm 5．provide 6．shower 7．beginning 8．treatment 9．like 10．agree/ accept 【分析】本文是一份倡议人们为无家可归、露宿街头的人提供一份圣诞节礼物的文章。礼物内容是将露宿街头的人从寒冷中解出来并为他们提供一次热水澡等。 1．句意：然而，实际上如果你在大街上过夜，那将是不可能的。根据首字母提示，结合语境推测句意是“然而，实际上如果你在大街上过夜，那是不可能的”，“不可能的”的英文是 impossible，所以答案是：impossible。 2．句意：你的手指很可能会很麻木以至于几乎不能动它们。在情态动词could 后面，用动词原形。根据首字母提示，结合语境推测句意是“手指都冻僵了，你动也动不了”,“动动手指”的英文是 move fingers，所以答案是：move。 3．句意：听到这些你可能会吃惊，伦敦在刚刚过去的五年中露宿街头的人口数量已经翻倍，而且，近两年，国家其他地方的数量增加了30%。此句是现在完成时，在助动词 has 后面用过去分词。结合句意，“增加”的英文是 increase，根据首字母提示，所以答案是：increased。 4．句意：我们需要你的帮助，给他在圣芒戈一个非常热烈的欢迎。形容词修饰名词，此句缺少形容词，“热烈的”的英文是 warm，根据首字母提示，所以答案是：warm。 5．句意：你能否给一个25英镑的圣诞节礼物，这礼物会提供一个圣芒戈欢迎包给一个无家可归的人。在情态动词 could 后面，用动词原形。“提供”的英文是 provide，根据首字母提示，所以答案是：provide。 6．句意：一个无家可归的人就能洗一个热水澡并做一些适当的清洁。根据前文的soap和后面的clean up, 可知应该是洗个热水澡，即“have a hot shower”，所以答案是：shower。 7．句意：你明白，迎接一个人走进温暖和安全只是一个开始。根据首字母提示，结合语境推测句意是“迎接一个人走进温暖和安全只是一个开始”，“开始”的英文是 beginning，所以答案是：beginning。 8．句意：他已经接受了健康治疗等等。根据首字母提示，结合语境推测句意是“他已经接受了健康治疗”，“治疗”的英文是 treatment，所以答案是：treatment。 9．句意：用你的礼物，你将能够帮助我们为一个像Harvey的来自于冰冷大街的人提供一份温暖的欢迎。根据首字母提示，结合语境推测句意是“用你的礼物，你将能够帮助我们为一个像 Harvey 这样来自于冰冷大街的人提供一份温暖的欢迎”，“像”的英文是 like，所以答案是：like。 10．句意：我确信，你会接受（同意）那是一个圣诞节的精彩的礼物。在助动词will 后面，用动词原形，根据首字母提示，结合语境推测句意是“我确信，你会认同那是一个绝佳的圣诞节礼物”，“认同”的英文是 agree，所以答案是：agree /accept。 【点睛】本题考查单词拼写，是把单词放到语篇中去检测，考查的是学生的综合理解能力以及对知识的灵活运用能力。学生不仅要理解短文大意，还要具体把握每个单句的意思，根据首字母提示去判断所要填入的单词，以及是否要发生变化。如第3小题，考查的是现在完成时态的构成“have/has+过去分词”，答案要填写increase的过去分词increased。 （2017·江苏南京·中考真题）＂Kids can make a difference.＂ Craig Kielburger said. When Craig was 12, he s 1 a group that has helped kids all over the world. How did Craig get started? In the seventh grade he learned something that made him a 2 . A 6-year-old boy in Pakistan was sent to work in a factory. The boy could not go to school. He could not even play. He had no freedom (自由) at all. Craig c 3 that with his own life. Laws in his country said that kids must go to school. E 4 was free to all kids. But in some countries school was not free. Children from poor families went to work instead of to school. Craig wanted to help those who didn’t have the same a 5 as he and his friends. As a result, Craig and some friends started Free The Children. Craig and his friends decided that Free The Children should r 6 money to build schools. Craig hoped that learning would help kids in poverty (贫困) live b 7 . Today, Craig’s charity has more than one million members in 45 countries. It is s 8 going strong. The money they have raised has done many good things. It has helped build more than 500 schools around the world. It also pays for health care in p 9 communities. Craig has had a lot of success. However, he still remembers his unpleasant start in the seventh grade. ＂We were laughed at by other kids, who said you c 10 change things,＂ he says. Still, Craig didn’t give up. Now he wants more kids to help. ＂Go to freethechildren.com. Bring it to your teachers,＂ he says. ＂As you gain more confidence, friends will join you. It just gets easier.＂ 【答案】 1．started 2．angry 3．compared 4．Education 5．advantages 6．raise 7．better 8．still 9．poor 10．couldn’t 【分析】本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述克雷格想帮助那些不能上学的孩子，他和他的朋友筹钱建学校，希望能让这些孩子有美好的未来。 1．句意“当克雷格十二岁时，他创办了一个团队来帮助世界上的孩子”。根据下文How did Craig get started及首字母可知，要填start，且为过去式，故填started。 2．句意“在他七年级时，他知道一些让他生气的事情”。根据下文A 6-year-old boy in Pakistan was sent to work in a factory. The boy could not go to school. He could not even play. He had no freedom (自由) at all及首字母可知，故填angry。 3．句意“克雷格对比了一下他自己的生活”。根据下文Laws in his country said that kids must go to school可知，用他的生活与其他地方的生活做比较，且为过去式。故填compared。 4．句意“教育对所有的孩子都是免费的”。根据下文But in some countries school was not free. Children from poor families went to work instead of to school以及首字母可知，故填Education。 5．句意“克雷格想帮助那些没有他和他的朋友优势的那些学生”。根据首字母可知，advantage优势，且用复数，故填advantage。 6．句意“克雷格和他的朋友决定建立儿童解放组织应该筹钱来建立学校”。raise money筹钱，且should后用动词原形，故填raise。 7．句意“克雷格希望学习会让那些处于贫困的孩子学习的更好”。better更好，根据句意，故填better。 8．句意“如今，克雷格的慈善机构在45个国家有超过一百万的会员且仍然在增长”。根据句意以及首字母可知，故填still。 9．句意“它在世界上建立了超过500所学校，还在贫困地区支付医疗费用”。根据句意以及首字母可知，故填poor。 10．句意“我们被其他的孩子嘲笑说你们不能改变这些事情”。根据下文Still, Craig didn’t give up以及首字母可知，故填couldn't。 点睛：做首字母填空式完型时，首先要跳过空格，通读短文，了解大意，然后复读短文，确定语境，判断词形，最后上下参照，验证答案。 中考模拟真题练 （2024·江苏南京·二模）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。 Carrie and her family were on their way to the big baseball game to celebrate Carrie’s birthday. The traffic was heavy, s 1 it took them an hour to get to the stadium. After her dad parked the car, the whole family went into the stadium. They showed their t 2 at the gate and then found their seats. Carrie’s mom and dad had got good seats, so they could see e 3 on the field. When they sat down, Carrie thought of something. “I forgot to get a score card! Can I go get one now?” “I’ll go with you,” said Carrie’s mother. Just as Carrie and her mother r 4 to their seats, the game started. The two teams played well. Both teams soon scored several home runs. Carrie watched everything and kept score on her card. At the end of the fourth inning, the score was tied. “This is a good game, ”Carrie said.  “The score’s even(相同的), and both teams are playing really w 5 .” Carrie’s dad said, “Games like this are exciting’ because you can’t be s 6 who’s going to win.” The seventh-inning stretch came. Carrie decided that it would be a good time to choose a souvenir. Carrie and her dad went to one of the T-shirt stands to pick out a shirt for Carrie. Her mom and Scott, Carrie’s little brother, went to get s 7 and drinks. Everyone got back to their seats in time for the rest of the game. When the game started again, Carrie couldn’t take her eyes off the action. She kept careful score for the rest of the game. Everyone c 8 loudly when the home team scored the winning run. What a great game! As Carrie and her family left the stadium, Carrie saw some of the players. Dad saw them, too, and whispered something to Mom. Then, he asked Carrie to borrow her new T-shirt. Carrie wondered w 9 was going on, but she gave him her shirt. Then, Dad took it over to the players. Suddenly, Carrie u 10 what Dad was doing. He was getting the players to sign her shirt! When Dad got back with the shirt, Carrie hugged him and said, “This is the most amazing present I ever had!” 【答案】 1．(s)o 2．(t)ickets 3．(e)verything 4．(r)eturned 5．(w)ell 6．(s)ure 7．(s)nacks 8．(c)heered 9．(w)hat 10．(u)nderstood 【导语】本文讲述了卡丽与家人去看棒球比赛庆祝生日的经历。 1．句意：交通很拥挤，所以他们花了一个小时才到达体育场。根据首字母提示词“s”和前后句是因果关系，前因后果，所以该空要填“so所以”。故填(s)o。 2．句意：他们在大门口出示了票，然后找到了座位。根据首字母提示词“t”和“They showed their...at the gate”可知，这里是出示票，所以要填复数名词“tickets票”，作宾语。故填(t)ickets。 3．句意：卡丽的妈妈和爸爸的座位很好，所以他们可以看到球场上的一切。根据首字母提示词“e”和“so they could see...on the field”可知，这里是指他们可以看到球场上的一切，所以要填一个复合不定代词“everything每件事物”，作宾语。故填(e)verything。 4．句意：卡丽和母亲刚回到座位上，比赛就开始了。根据首字母提示词“r”和“...to their seats”可知，这里是指返回座位，结合语境可知，该文的时态是一般过去时，所以该空要填一个过去式“returned返回”，作谓语。故填(r)eturned。 5．句意：比分相同，而且两队都打得很好。根据首字母提示词“w”和“both teams are playing really...”可知，这里是指很好，所以此处用“well好地”，作状语。故填(w)ell。 6．句意：卡丽的爸爸说：“这样的比赛很刺激，因为你无法确定谁会赢。”结合首字母提示词“s”和“because you can’t...who’s going to win.”可知，该处是指无法确定谁会赢，所以要填一个形容词“sure确信的”，作表语。故填(s)ure。 7．句意：她的妈妈和她的弟弟斯科特去买零食和饮料。根据首字母提示词“s”和“get...and drinks”可知，这里是指买零食和饮料，所以要填一个复数名词“snacks零食”，作宾语。故填(s)nacks。 8．句意：当主队取得胜利时，每个人都大声欢呼起来。根据首字母提示词“c”和“Everyone...loudly when the home team scored the winning run”可知，这里是指欢呼，结合语境可知，该文的时态是一般过去时，所以该空要填一个过去式“cheered欢呼”，作谓语。故填(c)heered。 9．句意：卡丽不知道发生了什么事，但她把自己的衬衫给了他。根据首字母提示词“w”和“Carrie wondered...was going on”可知，这里是发生什么事，所以要填关系词“what什么”，引导宾语从句。故填(w)hat。 10．句意：突然，卡丽明白了爸爸在做什么。根据首字母提示词“u”和“Carrie...what Dad was doing.”可知，这里是指明白了爸爸在做什么。结合语境可知，该文的时态是一般过去时，所以该空要填一个过去式“understood明白”，作谓语。故填(u)nderstood。 （2024·江苏南京·三模）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。 Have you ever tried any of Pamela Reif’s workouts (锻炼)? This German-born lady has become so f 1 that just saying her first name is enough for many people to recognize who you’re talking about. In her videos, Reif completes plenty of movements (动作) so s 2 and perfectly that she seems almost like a robot. This has led Internet users to call her a “human AI” who never gets t 3 . Reif has made waves on Chinese social media like Bilibili, with more than 12 million f 4 till April 7. From a young age, Reif practiced dancing and also did w 5 in her schoolwork, graduating from a German high school with a top score. A girl like her would be e 6 to go to university and become a doctor, an engineer or a lawyer, Reif said once in a TED talk. However, when she was 18, Reif d 7 not to go to university but to become a fitness (健身) video blogger instead. It was during the COVID-19 pandemic that Reif truly be known by the world. Rief changed her filming location to a corner of her home to s 8 the needs of her fans to exercise at home, which led to a huge increase in followers. S 9 Reif’s fitness videos became more and more popular among Chinese young people, Reif recently visited China. In a video interview with China Daily, she shared her love for baduanjin, a t 10 Chinese fitness exercise she has been doing recently. 【答案】 1．(f)amous 2．(s)moothly 3．(t)ired 4．(f)ollowers/(f)ans 5．(w)ell 6．(e)xpected 7．(d)ecided 8．(s)atisfy 9．(S)ince 10．(t)raditional 【导语】本文介绍了Pamela Reif如何通过健身视频在全球，尤其是在中国，获得了巨大的关注和粉丝。 1．句意：这位德国出生的女士变得如此有名，以至于只说她的名字就足以让许多人认出你在说谁。根据“just saying her first name is enough for many people to recognize who you’re talking about”和首字母提示可知是指变得如此有名，famous“有名的”符合题意。故填(f)amous。 2．句意：在她的视频中，Reif完成了许多动作，如此流畅和完美，以至于她看起来几乎像一个机器人。根据“and perfectly that she seems almost like a robot”和首字母提示可知是指如此流畅和完美，smoothly“流畅地”符合题意，副词修饰动词。故填(s)moothly。 3．句意：这导致网民称她为永不疲倦的“人类AI”。根据“This has led Internet users to call her a ‘human AI’ who never gets”和首字母提示可知是指永不疲倦，tired“疲倦的”符合题意。故填(t)ired。 4．句意：截至4月7日，Reif在中国社交媒体上引起轰动如哔哩哔哩，拥有超过1200万粉丝。根据“Chinese social media like Bilibili, with more than 12 million”和首字母提示可知是指有超过1200万粉丝，followers/fans“粉丝”符合题意，此处用复数形式。故填(f)ollowers/(f)ans。 5．句意：从小，Reif就练习跳舞，并且在学业上也表现出色，以优异成绩从德国高中毕业。根据“graduating from a German high school with a top score”和首字母提示可知是指在学业上也表现出色，do well in“在……方面做得好”符合题意。故填(w)ell。 6．句意：像她这样的女孩本应上大学，成为医生、工程师或律师，Reif在一次TED演讲中说。根据“A girl like her would be…to go to university and become a doctor, an engineer or a lawyer”和首字母提示可知是指本应上大学，be expected to do“预计做……”。故填(e)xpected。 7．句意：然而，当她18岁时，Reif决定不去上大学，而是成为一名健身视频博主。根据“Reif…not to go to university but to become a fitness (健身) video blogger instead”和首字母提示可知是指决定不去上大学，时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式decided“决定”。故填(d)ecided。 8．句意：Reif将拍摄地点改为家中的一个角落，以满足粉丝在家锻炼的需求，这导致了粉丝数量的大幅增加。根据“the needs of her fans to exercise at home”和首字母提示可知是指以满足粉丝在家锻炼的需求，satisfy“满足”，不定式to后接动词原形。故填(s)atisfy。 9．句意：由于Reif的健身视频在中国年轻人中越来越受欢迎，Reif最近访问了中国。根据“Reif’s fitness videos became more and more popular among Chinese young people, Reif recently visited China”和首字母提示可知是指由于Reif的健身视频在中国年轻人中越来越受欢迎，Since“由于”符合题意。故填(S)ince。 10．句意：在接受《中国日报》的视频采访中，她分享了她对最近一直在做的传统中国健身运动八段锦的热爱。根据“love for baduanjin…Chinese fitness exercise”和首字母提示可知是指传统中国健身运动八段锦，traditional“传统的”符合题意。故填(t)raditional。 （2024·江苏南京·二模）请根据短文内容和首字母提示, 填写所缺单词, 并将答案填写在答题卡标号为1-10的相应位置上。 Nonverbal communication can be anything that is not said. For example, if a man is smiling, you know he is probably h 1 . If a woman is rubbing her head, she may be stressed. Nonverbal communication depends in some ways on a person’s background and culture. For example, in some cultures, pointing with a finger m 2 that you are showing something. In other cultures, pointing is not good. Instead people show things by using their whole h 404 . In a way, men and women are like people from different cultures. Scientists know that when men and women speak, they use w 3 in different ways. They also know that men and women use different kinds of nonverbal communication. In general, women like to stand c 406 to the person they are talking to. This may help show that the woman is interested in what the other person says. They don’t make large movements with their hands when they speak. However, men would rather stand farther away from the person they are speaking to. This could be because many men p 407 to have more personal space. When speaking with others, men also use large movements to help show what they are talking about. What can you learn from nonverbal communication? If you understand what people are saying with their body, it can help you know how they feel or what they r 4 mean. Understanding nonverbal communication can help you understand how to get your own f 409 and ideas across to the person you are talking to. For example, studies showed that men make less eye contact than women. When someone does not look at you often when you are speaking, it can make you feel like they are not l 410 . Sometimes, doing the same thing that the person you are speaking with is doing can help. It can show the person that you are interested in what he or she says. This is c 411 mirroring. For example, if the woman you are speaking with is smiling. you may want to smile, too. If the man you are talking to has his arms crossed, you might want to cross your arms, too. 【答案】 1．(h)appy 2．(m)eans 3．(h)and 4．(w)ords 5．(c)loser 6．(p)refer 7．(r)eally 8．(f)eelings 9．(l)istening 10．(c)alled 【导语】本文主要介绍了非语言交流及男女的不同表现形式。 1．句意：例如，如果一个男人在微笑，你知道他可能很开心。由句意可知，微笑通常代表的是开心。be动词后填形容词作表语。故填(h)appy。 2．句意：例如，在某些文化中，用手指着意味着你在展示什么。空处需填谓语动词，时态为一般现在时，主语是动名词短语，故需三单形式；结合句意及首字母可知是“意味着”。故填(m)eans。 3．句意：相反，人们用整个手来展示东西。上文提到用手指指着东西用于展示，由“Instead”可知此处表示前后转折，结合首字母可知指用整只手来展示东西。故填(h)and。 4．句意：科学家们知道，当男人和女人说话时，他们使用词语的方式不同。由前文可知，说话必定使用“词语”，即word。此处泛指需用复数。故填(w)ords。 5．句意：一般来说，女性喜欢站得离谈话对象更近一些。由上文可知这里指男女非语言交流的对比，需用比较级，后面省去了“than men”；结合首字母可知指站的较近。故填(c)loser。 6．句意：这可能是因为许多男性希望拥有更多的私人空间。空处需填谓语动词，结合语境及首字母可知指男士“更愿意”有更多私人空间。故填(p)refer。 7．句意：如果你能理解人们用身体表达的意思，就能帮助你了解他们的感受或真正的意思。空处修饰动词需用副词，结合语境及首字母可知指“真正地”意味着什么。故填(r)eally。 8．句意：了解非语言交流可以帮助你了解如何把你的感受和想法传达给你正在交谈的人。在“your own”后面需填一个名词；由其后“and ideas”可知也需要复数形式和ideas并列；结合句意可知指“感受”。故填(f)eelings。 9．句意：当你说话的时候，有人不经常看你，这会让你觉得他们没有在听你说话。由句意可知，说话时不看对方，会被认为没有“在听”；结合空格前be动词可知使用现在进行时。故填(l)istening。 10．句意：这叫做镜像。由语境可知这里指“被叫做”，使用被动语态“be done”形式。故填(c)alled。 （2024·江苏南京·三模）根据短文内容及首字母提示填写所缺单词，使短文完整、通顺。 Recently, a new kind of tourism has a 1 in China. Called special forces style tourism (特种兵式旅游), the characteristic of this new kind of tourism is visiting plenty of interests in a short period, m 2 often on weekends. Most of these visitors are c 3 students, reported China Youth Daily. Yu Yinghua in Shanghai University is one of them. The 22-year-old started the “special forces style tourism” in March after she was attracted by such e 4 of Xiaohongshu travel bloggers. “Confined to the school for almost three years because of the pandemic, I’m hungry to take trips in my spare time,” said Yu. “Now it’s time! Spring has come and we can go out to enjoy the beautiful n 5 sights.”                    Most of her trips are started with an idea from her daily life, such as a place mentioned in a chat with friends. “But m 6 a plan carefully ahead is important,” Yu said. She a 7 that as she selected every destination (目的地) in the city, she was able to find a lot of information and learn more about t 8 sites. That would help her save time when traveling and enjoy the attractions better. Her most recent trip was to Shanghai. Starting at 7 a.m., the 22-year-old visited nine local attractions. “That day, I walked almost 30,000 steps.”Yu said, “T 9 it’s a bit tiring, I enjoy the trip as much as days-long trips. It still lets me have a b 10 understanding of the cities I go to.” 【答案】 1．(a)ppeared 2．(m)ost 3．(c)ollege 4．(e)xperiences 5．(n)atural 6．(m)aking 7．(a)dded 8．(t)hese 9．(T)hough 10．(b)etter 【导语】本文主要介绍了在国内兴起的一种名为“特种兵式旅游”的新型旅游方式。 1．句意：最近，中国出现了一种新的旅游方式。根据“Recently, a new kind of tourism has a... in China.”可知是出现了新的旅游方式，appear“出现”，此处应用过去分词形式与空前has构成现在完成时，故填(a)ppeared。 2．句意：这种新型旅游被称为特种兵式旅游，其特点是在短时间内游览大量名胜，最常见的是在周末。根据“m... often on weekends”可知是指特种兵式旅游最常是在周末，most often“最经常”，固定短语，故填(m)ost。 3．句意：据《中国青年报》报道，这些游客大多是大学生。根据后文“Yu Yinghua in Shanghai University is one of them.”可知在上海大学所以是指大学生，college student“大学生”，固定短语，故填(c)ollege。 4．句意：这位22岁的女孩在被小红书旅游博主的这种经历所吸引后，于3月开始了“特种兵式旅游”。根据“she was attracted by such e... of Xiaohongshu travel bloggers”可知她是被旅游博主的经历吸引，experience“经历”，此处应用名词复数表泛指，故填(e)xperiences。 5．句意：春天来了，我们可以出去欣赏美丽的自然风光。根据“Now it’s time! Spring has come and we can go out to enjoy the beautiful n... sights.”可知春天是去欣赏自然风光的好时候，natural“自然的”，形容词作定语修饰名词sights，故填(n)atural。 6．句意：但提前仔细制定计划是很重要的。根据“m... a plan”可知是指制定计划，make a plan“制定计划”，此处应用动名词短语作主语，故填(m)aking。 7．句意：她补充说，由于她选择了城市中的每个目的地，她能够找到很多信息，并了解更多关于这些地点的信息。根据前文“‘But making a plan carefully ahead is important,’ Yu said.”及“She a... that as she selected every destination (目的地) in the city...”可知空后是她补充说的话，add“补充说”；根据“selected”可知时态为一般过去时，动词add应用过去式，故填(a)dded。 8．句意：她补充说，由于她选择了城市中的每个目的地，她能够找到很多信息，并了解更多关于这些地点的信息。根据“she selected every destination (目的地) in the city”可知此处是指了解更多关于她选择的这些目的地的信息，these“这些”，修饰名词sites，故填(t)hese。 9．句意：虽然有点累，但和为期几天的旅行一样让我感到享受。分析句子结构可知前后构成让步关系，应用though“虽然”引导让步状语从句，故填(T)hough。 10．句意：它还让我更好地了解我去的城市。根据“It still lets me have a b... understanding of the cities I go to.”及语境可知是更好地了解了所去的城市，have a better understanding of“更好地了解”，固定短语，故填(b)etter。 （2024·江苏南京·二模）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。 FRANK, my new neighbor, is a newcomer to Shanghai. Last weekend, I showed him around the n 1 to help him settle in. We visited the nearby metro stations, shopping malls, restaurants and hospitals. F 2 , we passed by a park. “It looks inviting, doesn’t it?” Frank asked. “Shall we take a walk through it?” We were talking about Jiyang Park. It lies quietly to the west of my community. It’s not very big. Honestly, I had never given it much a 3 before. Our walk that day made me see it in a new light. As soon as we passed through the gate, an azalea (杜鹃花) garden c 4 into view. This, according to the information board, is a new look of the park. All the flowers were fully in bloom. As we w 5 along the stone path, our eyes were greeted with many different shades of red. Most of the flowers were large, but some had thin petals (花瓣). The rain had just stopped, and a few drops of water were still dancing on the flowers. We can’t stop r 6 for our phones and taking some pictures. As we walked on, we saw more kinds of flowers. Every c 7 of the park seemed to tell us that spring was in full bloom. Just as noteworthy (值得注意的), however, were the birds. Each one was singing a d 8 song. Were they having a competition? O 9 maybe they were talking to us: Good morning! Nice to meet you! City parks have been in the news recently. Scientists say that a 20-minute walk in a park is e 10 to make you feel better. After our walk in Jiyang Park, I can tell you that this is true. Some parks are small and look ordinary, but they, too, can surprise you and help you forget your worries! 【答案】 1．(n)eighborhood 2．(F)inally 3．(a)ttention 4．(c)ame 5．(w)alked 6．(r)eaching 7．(c)orner 8．(d)ifferent 9．(O)r 10．(e)nough 【导语】本文讲述了作者带着新邻居熟悉社区周围时，进入公园的故事。 1．句意：上周末，我带他在附近转转，帮他安顿下来。根据“We visited the nearby metro stations, shopping malls, restaurants and hospitals.”可知是指带他在附近转转，neighborhood“附近”，故填(n)eighborhood。 2．句意：最后，我们经过了一个公园。根据“We visited the nearby metro stations, shopping malls, restaurants and hospitals.”可知最后，我们到了公园。finally“最后”，故填(F)inally。 3．句意：老实说，我以前从来没有太注意过它。根据“Honestly, I had never given it much…before”可知是指以前从来没有太注意过它。attention“注意”，不可数，故填(a)ttention。 4．句意：我们一进门，一个杜鹃花花园就映入眼帘。come into view“进入视野”，时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填(c)ame。 5．句意：当我们沿着石头小路行走时，我们的眼睛看到了许多不同深浅的红色。根据“As we…along the stone path”可知是指当我们沿着石头小路行走时，walk“走”，时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填(w)alked。 6．句意：我们禁不住伸手拿手机和拍照。根据“We can’t stop…for our phones and taking some pictures.”可知是指我们不能停止伸手拿手机和拍照。reach for“伸手去取”，can’t stop doing“禁不住做某事”，故填(r)eaching。 7．句意：公园的每个角落似乎都在告诉我们，春天已经盛开了。根据“Every…of the park seemed to tell us that spring was in full bloom”可知是指公园的每个角落似乎都在告诉我们，every corner of“每一个角落”，故填(c)orner。 8．句意：每个都在唱一首不同的歌。根据“Each one was singing a…song”可知是指每个都在唱一首不同的歌。different“不同的”，故填(d)ifferent。 9．句意：或许它们是在跟我们说话：早上好！根据“Were they having a competition?…maybe they were talking to us”可知此处表选择，或许它们是在跟我们说话，or“或者”，故填(O)r。 10．句意：科学家说，在公园里散步20分钟就足以让你感觉更好。根据“Scientists say that a 20-minute walk in a park is…to make you feel better.”可知是指在公园里散步20分钟就足以让你感觉更好。enough“足够”，故填(e)nough。 （2024·江苏南京·三模） Voltaire (1694-1778) was a French author, historian, and philosopher whose thoughts on religious toleration and moderation of authoritarian power were influential d 1 the Enlightenment (启蒙运动时期). His most famous work today is the satirical Candide, which p 2 Voltaire’s critical thoughts on other philosophers, the Catholic Church, and the French state in order to highlight the need for real solutions to everyday problems. E 3 Life François-Marie Arouet, better known by his chosen pseudonym Voltaire, was born in Paris on 21 November 1694. Françoise-Marie’s father was a notary who sent him to the highly esteemed Louis-le-Grand college, then run by Jesuits. Going on to study law, Françoise-Marie’s real interest was literature, and he was soon writing his own poems and plays. These early offerings were the b 4 of what would turn out to be a momentous catalogue of works of all kinds by the end of Voltaire's long career. In 1718, Voltaire’s first play, Oedipus, was s 5 staged, and he had his first poem, La Henriade, published to great acclaim in 1723. Voltaire might have had literary aspirations, but his fledgling career took a nosedive in 1726 when, after an argument with the Chevalier de Rohan, he was confined in the infamous Bastille prison. When he got out, Voltaire decided to broaden his horizons, and he visited first the Netherlands and then England, where he lived until 1729. Philosophical(哲学的) Ideas Voltaire’s three years in England saw him embark on a more philosophical approach to literature. He wrote his Letters on England (aka Philosophical Letters) b 6 on his experiences in that country. The Letters was published in 1734 and favourably compared the relative openness and liberalism present in England compared to France. Voltaire argues that d 7 denominations of Christianity should be tolerated in the same society. This is based on his belief that toleration springs from no s 8 group being able to claim absolute truth. He proposes that the best form of government is a monarchy l 9 in its power by a parliament and constitution. Voltaire believes that because humans are rational and act with reasonable self-interest, they should be given more liberty than current authoritarian government systems allow. He also gives biographies of four l 10 thinkers who influenced the later Enlightenment: Francis Bacon (1561-1626), John Locke (1632-1704), Isaac Newton (1642-1727), and René Descartes (1596-1650). In summary, Voltaire argues that the greater freedom and toleration he has witnessed in England c 11 to France is also the reason why that country is more prosperous and its citizens happier. The French Parlement did not take kindly to this assessment, and Letters on England was condemned. 【答案】 1．(d)uring 2．(p)resents 3．(E)arly 4．(b)eginning 5．(s)uccessfully 6．(b)ased 7．(d)ifferent 8．(s)ingle 9．(l)imited 10．(l)eading 11．(c)ompared 【导语】本文主要介绍了法国思想家伏尔泰，文中介绍了伏尔泰的早期生活及其哲学思想。 1．句意：伏尔泰（1694-1778）是法国作家、历史学家和哲学家，其关于宗教宽容和威权权力节制的思想在启蒙运动时期具有影响力。根据“the Enlightenment”和首字母提示可知，在启蒙运动时期，during意为“在……期间”。故填(d)uring。 2．句意：他如今最著名的作品是讽刺小说《老实人》，该书展现了伏尔泰对其他哲学家、天主教会和法国政府的批判思想，以强调对日常问题的真正解决方案的必要性。根据“which p… Voltaire’s critical thoughts on other philosophers, the Catholic Church, and the French state”和首字母可知，《老实人》这本书展现了伏尔泰对其他哲学家、天主教会和法国政府的批判思想，present意为“展现，呈现”，结合“is”判断，此句用一般现在时，先行词为单数，在从句中作主语，谓语动词用三单形式。故填(p)resents。 3．句意：早期生活。根据“François-Marie Arouet, better known by his chosen pseudonym Voltaire, was born in Paris on 21 November 1694.”和首字母可知，此处指早期的生活。early意为“早期的”，形容词修饰名词life。故填(E)arly。 4．句意：这些早期的作品是伏尔泰漫长职业生涯结束时所形成的一份意义重大的各类作品目录的开端。根据“he was soon writing his own poems and plays”和首字母可知，这些早期的作品是伏尔泰各类作品目录的开端，beginning意为“开始，开端”，名词，作表语。故填(b)eginning。 5．句意：1718年，伏尔泰的第一部戏剧《俄狄浦斯王》成功上演，他的第一首诗《亨利亚德》于1723年发表并广受好评。根据“In 1718, Voltaire’s first play, Oedipus , was s… staged,”和首字母可知，伏尔泰的第一部戏剧《俄狄浦斯王》成功上演，successfully意为“成功地”，副词修饰动词staged。故填(s)uccessfully。 6．句意：他根据自己在英国的经历写了《英国书信》（又名《哲学书信》）。根据“b… on his experiences in that country.”和首字母可知，根据自己在英国的经历写了《英国书信》这本书。be based on意为“基于，以……为基础”，故填(b)ased。 7．句意：伏尔泰认为，同一个社会应该容忍不同教派的基督教。根据“in the same society”和首字母可知，同一个社会应该容忍不同教派的基督教，different意为“不同的”，形容词作定语，修饰名词 denominations。故填(d)ifferent。 8．句意：这是基于他的信念：宽容并不源于任何一个能够宣称拥有绝对真理的单个群体。根据“Voltaire argues that d…denominations of Christianity should be tolerated in the same society.”和首字母可知，宽容并不源于任何单个的群体，single意为“单一的，单个的”，形容词修饰名词group。故填(s)ingle。 9．句意：他认为，最好的政府形式是君主制，其权力受议会和宪法的限制。根据“in its power by a parliament and constitution”和首字母可知，君主的权力受议会和宪法的限制，limit意为“限制”，此处先行词与limit之间是被动关系，此处为非谓语形式，应用过去分词。故填(l)imited。 10．句意：他还介绍了影响后期启蒙运动的四位重要思想家的传记……根据“who influenced the later Enlightenment”和首字母可知，四位重要思想家的传记。leading意为“重要的，主要的”，形容词修饰名词thinkers。故填(l)eading。 11．句意：总而言之，伏尔泰认为，他所见证的英国比法国有更大的自由和宽容，这也是英国更加繁荣、公民更加幸福的原因。根据“the greater freedom and toleration he has witnessed in England c… to France”和首字母可知，英国与法国相比，compare意为“比较”，此处应用非谓语形式， England与France之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词。故填(c)ompared。 （24-25九年级下·江苏南京·开学考试）“Travelling is the body on the road, and reading is the mind on the road. Both of them o 1 a way to meet our great curiosity,” Ye Zi, a young scholar, said on the Chinese ‘TV show Read Books on an Island Season 3. On the show, some of China’s famous w 2 , such as Yu Hua and Su Tong, discuss their favourite literature. The new season is set in Crete, the largest island in Greece. The viewers can e 3 the cultural exchange between China and western countries. Also, it can help good literature from China and a 4 reach more people. The show shows us the important role of literature in c 5 different cultures. When the group of writers saw a beautiful sunrise in Crete, they talked about h 6 well-known writers from China and the West write about sunrise. Though these writers come from different cultures, their works show there’s something s 7 about human experience. Yu Hua also discussed the different literary (文学的) traditions. He d 8 that the sun often represents love in the West, while the moon stands for love in China. “Greece used to be a place only in my imagination and in the b 9 . Visiting Greece brought my imagination to life,” Su Tong said. This shows a close relationship between travel and literature. Many places that are m 10 in literature now become places of interest for tourists. The show offers a chance for writers, readers and literary works to “meet” each other. As we go further into the literary world, we can connect with ourselves and the world around us. 【答案】 1．(o)ffer 2．(w)riters 3．(e)xperience 4．(a)broad 5．(c)onnecting 6．(h)ow 7．(s)imilar 8．(d)iscovered 9．(b)ooks 10．(m)entioned 【导语】本文主要围绕中国电视节目《我在岛屿读书》第三季展开，阐述了旅行与阅读的意义、节目内容及其文化价值。 1．句意：“旅行是身体在路上，而阅读是心灵是在路上。它们两者都提供了一种满足我们强烈好奇心的方式，” 年轻学者叶子在中国电视节目《我在岛屿读书 》第三季中说道。根据“Both of them... a way to meet our great curiosity”以及首字母可知，旅行和阅读都提供了一种满足我们强烈好奇心的方式。句子时态为一般现在时，主语“Both of them”是复数，所以动词用原形。故填(o)ffer。 2．句意：在节目中，一些中国著名的作家，比如余华和苏童，讨论他们最喜欢的文学作品。根据“such as Yu Hua and Su Tong”可知，他们都是著名的作家，应用writer，名词应用复数。故填(w)riters。 3．句意：观众可以体验到中西方之间的文化交流。根据“The viewers can... the cultural exchange between China and western countries”以及首字母可知，指的是体验到中西方之间的文化交流。experience“体验”，动词。情态动词后接动词原形，故填(e)xperience。 4．句意：而且，它可以帮助来自中国和国外的优秀文学作品被更多人了解。根据“good literature from China and...”以及首字母可知，这里表达的是除了中国国内的文学作品，还有国外的文学作品，abroad表示“在国外”，符合语境。故填(a)broad。 5．句意：这个节目向我们展示了文学在连接不同文化方面的重要作用。根据“the important role of literature in... different cultures”以及首字母可知，这里表示文学在连接不同文化方面的作用。connect“连接”，动词。in是介词，后跟动名词作宾语。故填(c)onnecting。 6．句意：当这群作家在克里特岛看到美丽的日出时，他们讨论了中西方著名作家是如何描写日出的。根据“they talked about... well-known writers from China and the West write about sunrise”以及首字母可知，这里表达的是讨论作家们如何描写日出，how“如何”符合语境。故填(h)ow。 7．句意：尽管这些作家来自不同的文化，但他们的作品表明人类的经历有一些相似之处。根据 “Though these writers come from different cultures, their works show there’s something... about human experience”可知，此处是由Though引导的让步状语从句，前后句有转折关系，虽然文化不同，但人类经历有相似之处。similar“相似的”符合语境。故填(s)imilar。 8．句意：他发现，在西方太阳常常代表爱，而在中国月亮代表爱。根据“He... that the sun often represents love in the West, while the moon stands for love in China”以及首字母可知，他发现了中西方在代表爱的事物上的不同，结合前文时态，这里用一般过去时，discover的过去式是discovered。故填(d)iscovered。 9．句意：“希腊曾经只是在我的想象中和书里的一个地方。访问希腊让我的想象变成了现实，” 苏童说。根据“Greece used to be a place only in my imagination and in the...”以及首字母可知，除了在想象中，还在书里了解希腊，book是可数名词，这里用复数形式表示类别。故填(b)ooks。 10．句意：现在许多在文学作品中被提到的地方成为了游客们的名胜古迹。根据“Many places that are... in literature now become places of interest for tourists”以及首字母可知，这里表达的是在文学作品中被提到的地方，places和mention间是被动关系，are后接过去分词构成被动语态，故填(m)entioned。 （24-25九年级下·江苏南京·开学考试）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。 A hug (拥抱) is a form of human touch that happens when two or more people hold each other closely. People hug for many different reasons in their lives. For example, if a child is sad, a p 1 may hug him or her to give comfort. Grown-ups may hug to show each other love. Friends may hug to show friendship. Members of a team may hug after winning a game to show happiness and encourage other team members. Hugs may seem u 2 , but hugging is a necessary human need. For example, hugging is important in building human relationships. When a person is given a hug, he or she feels loved and important. In this way, it creates a sense of t 3 , belonging (归属感) and safety that encourages open communication and understanding with others. Hugging also has many h 4 advantages. For example, hugs can be good for people’s health. Research has shown that hugs can lower the risk of getting a cold as well as lower worry l 5 . Giving and receiving hugs can also make people happier. Finally, hugging can even save lives. In recent years, doctors have found that it is best when a baby is held soon after being born. It keeps the baby warm and helps keep his heart rate stable (心率平稳). Besides, these babies feel safer and seem to be happier. Sometimes, a hug from a mother can save the life of her newly-born baby who is d 6 . K 7 the importance of a hug, one man started the Free Hugs Campaign in 2001. It was an a 8 of kindness to show that everyone is an important person. Giving hugs to unknown people who wanted or needed a hug became popular in s 9 . Now, the month of July is known as International Free Hugs Month. Someone once said, “We need four hugs a day for l 10 on. We need eight hugs a day for holding on. We need twelve hugs a day for growing up.” There may not be many people who give out 12 a day. But for all it advantages, maybe it is something we should all do more often. 【答案】 1．(p)arent 2．(u)nimportant 3．(t)rust 4．(h)ealth 5．(l)evels 6．(d)ying 7．(K)nowing 8．(a)ct 9．(s)ociety 10．(l)iving 【导语】本文介绍了拥抱在人际关系中的重要性及其对健康的益处，进一步说明了拥抱在情感上的温暖和心理治疗中的积极作用，并介绍了“免费拥抱运动”的由来。 1．句意：例如，如果一个孩子感到难过，父母可能会拥抱他或她以给予安慰。根据“if a child is sad”及首字母提示可知，孩子感到难过时父母可能会拥抱他或她以给予安慰。空前有不定冠词a，此处填parent符合，故填(p)arent。 2．句意：拥抱似乎无关紧要，但拥抱是人类的一种必要需求。根据“but hugging is a necessary human need.”可知后半句是转折，结合首字母提示可知填unimportant“不重要的”作表语，故填(u)nimportant。 3．句意：通过这种方式，它创造了一种信任、归属和安全感，鼓励与他人进行开放沟通和相互理解。根据“belonging and safety”可知此处填名词，结合首字母提示可填trust“信任”。故填(t)rust。 4．句意：拥抱还有许多健康益处。根据后文“For example, hugs can be good for people’s health.”可知此处指健康，应填health“健康”作定语，故填(h)ealth。 5．句意：研究表明，拥抱可以降低感冒的风险，也可以降低担忧程度。根据“hugs can lower the risk of getting a cold as well as lower worry…”及首字母提示，此处指“降低担忧程度”，此处填level“程度”符合语境，此处表泛指用复数形式。故填(l)evels。 6．句意：有时，母亲的拥抱可以挽救她即将死去的新生儿的生命。根据“save the life of her newly-born baby”及首字母提示可知，此处指“即将死去的新生儿的生命”，dying“垂死的”符合语境，故填(d)ying。 7．句意：一位男士深知拥抱的重要性，于2001年发起了“免费拥抱运动”。根据“…one man started the Free Hugs Campaign in 2001.”可知是知道拥抱的重要性才发起了“免费拥抱运动”，know“知道”，此处应用现在分词短语作状语，故填(K)nowing。 8．句意：这是一种善意的行为，表明每个人都是重要的人。 根据“…show that everyone is an important person.”可知此处讲拥抱是一种表明每个人都是重要的人的行为，act“行为”，不定冠词an后接单数名词，故填(a)ct。 9．句意：拥抱那些想要或需要拥抱的陌生人在社会上变得流行起来。根据“Now, the month of July is known as International Free Hugs Month.”及首字母提示可知，此处指在社会上变得流行起来，society“社会”。故填(s)ociety。 10．句意：我们每天需要四个拥抱才能生活。根据后文“We need eight hugs a day for holding on. We need twelve hugs a day for growing up.”及首字母提示可知，此处提及拥抱在生活中的作用，所以可填live“生活”，介词for后接动名词，故填(l)iving。 答案第1页，共2页 第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题01 短文首字母填空15篇 (南京中考真题+中考模拟) 中考真题练 （2023·江苏南京·中考真题）请根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。 An excerpt (节选) from the famous classic novel Alice in Wonderland reads as follows: “Would you tell me, please, which way I ought to go from here?” asked Alice. “That d 1 a great deal on where you want to get to,” said the Cheshire Cat. “I don’t much care where!” said Alice. “Then it doesn’t matter which way you go,” replied the cat. Most of us are l 2 Alice in the above dialogue. We don’t have a specific (明确的) idea of where we want to r 3 and what we want to become in life. It is said that “Good luck is the r 4 of good planning” and “Well planned is half done”. To plan means to look ahead and design f 5 courses of action to be followed. Decide what e 6 you want to achieve and plan in detail when and how you are going to do a specific activity. According to Koontz & O’ Donell, “Planning is d 7 what to do, how to do and who is to do it in advance (事先). Planning works as a b 8 between where we are and where we want to go. It makes possible things happen, which wouldn’t otherwise happen”. So start p 9 yourselves for your future plans right away. Plan your present well so you would have nothing to r 10 in future. Now it’s time for you to take important decisions! （2022·江苏南京·中考真题）请根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。 The Edible Schoolyard program is part garden, part kitchen, and part classroom. It is all about the joy of l 1 . The large garden is right behind King, Jr. Middle School in Berkeley, California. Chef Alice Waters started the Edible Schoolyard. She likes to d 2 lot of her time to it. Inside the Edible Schoolyard Every year, the school’s sixth-grade students plant, tend, and harvest the crops from the garden. They learn about the effects (影响) that c 3 climate and weather have on the plants. During a drought, for example, they must water the garden more often. This keeps everything a 4 and healthy. The students grow many types of fruits, vegetables and herbs. Brilliant colors surround the kids a 5 they work in the garden that stretches towards the horizon. Time to Get Cooking The students also learn h 6 to cook healthy meals with the food they grow. The school houses many different students and c 7 . So, the meals are different from Indian curries to Mediterranean grape leaves. Some of the kids learn to overcome ( 克服) their fear of u 8 foods. If there are conflicts (冲突) in the kitchen or the garden, students must work to s 9 them. The program fits with the vision of inclusion, equality, and peaceful growth without violence. Tastes Great and Is Healthy Too Everything grown in the garden is organic. All meals the kids p 10 are good for them. The Edible Schoolyard program has received good publicity for teaching students about healthy food. （2021·江苏南京·中考真题）。 The problem some people have with homework is not that they find it too hard, or that it takes too long, but that they f 1 what they have to do and for when. This may be because they don’t write down exactly what n 2 to be done, or don’t make a note of when it has to be handed in. If you have a planner for school, make good u 3 of it to record what you need to do. If not, use a diary or notebook to make notes of what has to be handed in and w 4 . You could set up an “ in-tray”  system, so you can see what is w 5 to be done. This is a tray or shallow box where you put your homework each night until you are r 6 to do it. Although no one exactly looks forward to doing homework, you will get it done more efficiently(高效地)if you are well o 7 and have time and space to concentrate(专注)on it. For example, if your homework involves(需要)going online and you don’t have your o 8 computer, make sure you ‘book’ some time on the family computer, or can use one in your school library. If you have space, set up a homework ‘office’ a 9 at home with a table or desk and a comfortable chair. It should have good light, a place for your books, and your homework ‘tool kit’. It helps to get into a habit of doing homework early in the evening, and not l 10 it until the last minute at weekends. After you’ve done it, reward yourself with some fun, ‘down-time’ activities, such as some television or social networking time. （2020·江苏南京·中考真题）。 Do you have difficulty learning English words? Well, k 1 a vocabulary notebook for learning new English words is not difficult. Here are some easy steps. First, buy a notebook w 2 at least 100 lined pages. You should select the color and size notebook that you prefer. S 3 , write down any important words that you come across when reading or listening. This step r 4 you to decide whether a word is important enough for you to learn now. Do not assume (认为) that you will learn the word l 5 . The next step is a bit difficult because you need to decide w 6 information about each word you will write in the notebook. Some learners write only a t 7 of the word. Others write an example phrase using the word. I 8 information that matches your learning style and your needs. Finally, the most important thing you can do to learn the words in your notebook is to p 9 these words several times. If the pages of your notebook are well organized, you are more likely to review the words and their information over and over. If you f 10 these important steps, you can improve your English greatly. Come and have a try! （2019·江苏南京·中考真题）。 Chinese writing is one of the world’s greatest writing systems. It is more w 1 in use than alphabetic (字母的) writing systems. More than half of the world’s books are written in Chinese, including historical writings and novels, along with writings on government and law. At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based l 2 . It dates back several thousand years to the u 3 of animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved (刻) by ancient Chinese people. Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in t 4 hanzi. By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols had become a well-developed writing system. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were d 5 geographically, leading to different dialects (方言) and characters. This, however, c 6 under Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty. Emperor Qinshihuang united (统一) the seven major states into one country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. That writing system was of great i 7 in uniting the Chinese people and culture. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still c 8 in writing. Written Chinese has also become an important method to c 9 China’s present with its past. People in modern times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times. Today, Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture. As China plays a g 10 role in the world, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate (欣赏) China’s culture through this amazing language. Written Chinese spreads Chinese culture wherever it goes. （2018·江苏南京·中考真题）请根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为66-75 的相应位置上。      As you've just found out, opening a book doesn't require much effort. However, even that would be i 1 if you spent the night on the streets.      After lying for hours on cold ground, with only a thin sleeping bag to protect you from rain or ice, your fingers would probably be so numb(麻木的)that you could hardly m 2 them. You'd most likely spend the day trying to find something to eat and somewhere to shelter from the freezing cold.      You might be surprised to hear that the number of people sleeping rough(露宿)in London has doubled in the last five years and has i 3 by 30% across the rest of the country during the last two years.      Once we bring a homeless person out of the freezing cold, we need your help to give him a w 4 welcome at St Mungo's very much.      Will you please give a Christmas gift of £25, which could p 5 a homeless person with a St Mungo’s welcome pack? It could have a towel, shampoo, soap(肥皂), so a homeless person can have a hot s 6 and a proper clean up. The difference you could make won't end there. You see, welcoming someone into warmth and safety is just the b 7 . You really could enable someone to change their life for good.      For Harvey, it was losing his job that led to him becoming homeless. Since Harvey was welcomed into St Mungo’s, he has received t 8 for his health and so much more. After he took courses in useful life skills, he recently moved into his own flat. With your gift, you could help us offer a warm welcome to someone I 9 Harvey who's come in from the freezing streets. I'm sure you'll a 10 that’s a wonderful present to give at Christmas. I hope you will send £25, or as much as you can, today. （2017·江苏南京·中考真题）＂Kids can make a difference.＂ Craig Kielburger said. When Craig was 12, he s 1 a group that has helped kids all over the world. How did Craig get started? In the seventh grade he learned something that made him a 2 . A 6-year-old boy in Pakistan was sent to work in a factory. The boy could not go to school. He could not even play. He had no freedom (自由) at all. Craig c 3 that with his own life. Laws in his country said that kids must go to school. E 4 was free to all kids. But in some countries school was not free. Children from poor families went to work instead of to school. Craig wanted to help those who didn’t have the same a 5 as he and his friends. As a result, Craig and some friends started Free The Children. Craig and his friends decided that Free The Children should r 6 money to build schools. Craig hoped that learning would help kids in poverty (贫困) live b 7 . Today, Craig’s charity has more than one million members in 45 countries. It is s 8 going strong. The money they have raised has done many good things. It has helped build more than 500 schools around the world. It also pays for health care in p 9 communities. Craig has had a lot of success. However, he still remembers his unpleasant start in the seventh grade. ＂We were laughed at by other kids, who said you c 10 change things,＂ he says. Still, Craig didn’t give up. Now he wants more kids to help. ＂Go to freethechildren.com. Bring it to your teachers,＂ he says. ＂As you gain more confidence, friends will join you. It just gets easier.＂ 中考模拟真题练 （2024·江苏南京·二模）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。 Carrie and her family were on their way to the big baseball game to celebrate Carrie’s birthday. The traffic was heavy, s 1 it took them an hour to get to the stadium. After her dad parked the car, the whole family went into the stadium. They showed their t 2 at the gate and then found their seats. Carrie’s mom and dad had got good seats, so they could see e 3 on the field. When they sat down, Carrie thought of something. “I forgot to get a score card! Can I go get one now?” “I’ll go with you,” said Carrie’s mother. Just as Carrie and her mother r 4 to their seats, the game started. The two teams played well. Both teams soon scored several home runs. Carrie watched everything and kept score on her card. At the end of the fourth inning, the score was tied. “This is a good game, ”Carrie said.  “The score’s even(相同的), and both teams are playing really w 5 .” Carrie’s dad said, “Games like this are exciting’ because you can’t be s 6 who’s going to win.” The seventh-inning stretch came. Carrie decided that it would be a good time to choose a souvenir. Carrie and her dad went to one of the T-shirt stands to pick out a shirt for Carrie. Her mom and Scott, Carrie’s little brother, went to get s 7 and drinks. Everyone got back to their seats in time for the rest of the game. When the game started again, Carrie couldn’t take her eyes off the action. She kept careful score for the rest of the game. Everyone c 8 loudly when the home team scored the winning run. What a great game! As Carrie and her family left the stadium, Carrie saw some of the players. Dad saw them, too, and whispered something to Mom. Then, he asked Carrie to borrow her new T-shirt. Carrie wondered w 9 was going on, but she gave him her shirt. Then, Dad took it over to the players. Suddenly, Carrie u 10 what Dad was doing. He was getting the players to sign her shirt! When Dad got back with the shirt, Carrie hugged him and said, “This is the most amazing present I ever had!” （2024·江苏南京·三模）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。 Have you ever tried any of Pamela Reif’s workouts (锻炼)? This German-born lady has become so f 1 that just saying her first name is enough for many people to recognize who you’re talking about. In her videos, Reif completes plenty of movements (动作) so s 2 and perfectly that she seems almost like a robot. This has led Internet users to call her a “human AI” who never gets t 3 . Reif has made waves on Chinese social media like Bilibili, with more than 12 million f 4 till April 7. From a young age, Reif practiced dancing and also did w 5 in her schoolwork, graduating from a German high school with a top score. A girl like her would be e 6 to go to university and become a doctor, an engineer or a lawyer, Reif said once in a TED talk. However, when she was 18, Reif d 7 not to go to university but to become a fitness (健身) video blogger instead. It was during the COVID-19 pandemic that Reif truly be known by the world. Rief changed her filming location to a corner of her home to s 8 the needs of her fans to exercise at home, which led to a huge increase in followers. S 9 Reif’s fitness videos became more and more popular among Chinese young people, Reif recently visited China. In a video interview with China Daily, she shared her love for baduanjin, a t 10 Chinese fitness exercise she has been doing recently. （2024·江苏南京·二模）请根据短文内容和首字母提示, 填写所缺单词, 并将答案填写在答题卡标号为1-10的相应位置上。 Nonverbal communication can be anything that is not said. For example, if a man is smiling, you know he is probably h 1 . If a woman is rubbing her head, she may be stressed. Nonverbal communication depends in some ways on a person’s background and culture. For example, in some cultures, pointing with a finger m 2 that you are showing something. In other cultures, pointing is not good. Instead people show things by using their whole h 404 . In a way, men and women are like people from different cultures. Scientists know that when men and women speak, they use w 3 in different ways. They also know that men and women use different kinds of nonverbal communication. In general, women like to stand c 406 to the person they are talking to. This may help show that the woman is interested in what the other person says. They don’t make large movements with their hands when they speak. However, men would rather stand farther away from the person they are speaking to. This could be because many men p 407 to have more personal space. When speaking with others, men also use large movements to help show what they are talking about. What can you learn from nonverbal communication? If you understand what people are saying with their body, it can help you know how they feel or what they r 4 mean. Understanding nonverbal communication can help you understand how to get your own f 409 and ideas across to the person you are talking to. For example, studies showed that men make less eye contact than women. When someone does not look at you often when you are speaking, it can make you feel like they are not l 410 . Sometimes, doing the same thing that the person you are speaking with is doing can help. It can show the person that you are interested in what he or she says. This is c 411 mirroring. For example, if the woman you are speaking with is smiling. you may want to smile, too. If the man you are talking to has his arms crossed, you might want to cross your arms, too. （2024·江苏南京·三模）根据短文内容及首字母提示填写所缺单词，使短文完整、通顺。 Recently, a new kind of tourism has a 1 in China. Called special forces style tourism (特种兵式旅游), the characteristic of this new kind of tourism is visiting plenty of interests in a short period, m 2 often on weekends. Most of these visitors are c 3 students, reported China Youth Daily. Yu Yinghua in Shanghai University is one of them. The 22-year-old started the “special forces style tourism” in March after she was attracted by such e 4 of Xiaohongshu travel bloggers. “Confined to the school for almost three years because of the pandemic, I’m hungry to take trips in my spare time,” said Yu. “Now it’s time! Spring has come and we can go out to enjoy the beautiful n 5 sights.”                    Most of her trips are started with an idea from her daily life, such as a place mentioned in a chat with friends. “But m 6 a plan carefully ahead is important,” Yu said. She a 7 that as she selected every destination (目的地) in the city, she was able to find a lot of information and learn more about t 8 sites. That would help her save time when traveling and enjoy the attractions better. Her most recent trip was to Shanghai. Starting at 7 a.m., the 22-year-old visited nine local attractions. “That day, I walked almost 30,000 steps.”Yu said, “T 9 it’s a bit tiring, I enjoy the trip as much as days-long trips. It still lets me have a b 10 understanding of the cities I go to.” （2024·江苏南京·二模）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。 FRANK, my new neighbor, is a newcomer to Shanghai. Last weekend, I showed him around the n 1 to help him settle in. We visited the nearby metro stations, shopping malls, restaurants and hospitals. F 2 , we passed by a park. “It looks inviting, doesn’t it?” Frank asked. “Shall we take a walk through it?” We were talking about Jiyang Park. It lies quietly to the west of my community. It’s not very big. Honestly, I had never given it much a 3 before. Our walk that day made me see it in a new light. As soon as we passed through the gate, an azalea (杜鹃花) garden c 4 into view. This, according to the information board, is a new look of the park. All the flowers were fully in bloom. As we w 5 along the stone path, our eyes were greeted with many different shades of red. Most of the flowers were large, but some had thin petals (花瓣). The rain had just stopped, and a few drops of water were still dancing on the flowers. We can’t stop r 6 for our phones and taking some pictures. As we walked on, we saw more kinds of flowers. Every c 7 of the park seemed to tell us that spring was in full bloom. Just as noteworthy (值得注意的), however, were the birds. Each one was singing a d 8 song. Were they having a competition? O 9 maybe they were talking to us: Good morning! Nice to meet you! City parks have been in the news recently. Scientists say that a 20-minute walk in a park is e 10 to make you feel better. After our walk in Jiyang Park, I can tell you that this is true. Some parks are small and look ordinary, but they, too, can surprise you and help you forget your worries! （2024·江苏南京·三模） Voltaire (1694-1778) was a French author, historian, and philosopher whose thoughts on religious toleration and moderation of authoritarian power were influential d 1 the Enlightenment (启蒙运动时期). His most famous work today is the satirical Candide, which p 2 Voltaire’s critical thoughts on other philosophers, the Catholic Church, and the French state in order to highlight the need for real solutions to everyday problems. E 3 Life François-Marie Arouet, better known by his chosen pseudonym Voltaire, was born in Paris on 21 November 1694. Françoise-Marie’s father was a notary who sent him to the highly esteemed Louis-le-Grand college, then run by Jesuits. Going on to study law, Françoise-Marie’s real interest was literature, and he was soon writing his own poems and plays. These early offerings were the b 4 of what would turn out to be a momentous catalogue of works of all kinds by the end of Voltaire's long career. In 1718, Voltaire’s first play, Oedipus, was s 5 staged, and he had his first poem, La Henriade, published to great acclaim in 1723. Voltaire might have had literary aspirations, but his fledgling career took a nosedive in 1726 when, after an argument with the Chevalier de Rohan, he was confined in the infamous Bastille prison. When he got out, Voltaire decided to broaden his horizons, and he visited first the Netherlands and then England, where he lived until 1729. Philosophical(哲学的) Ideas Voltaire’s three years in England saw him embark on a more philosophical approach to literature. He wrote his Letters on England (aka Philosophical Letters) b 6 on his experiences in that country. The Letters was published in 1734 and favourably compared the relative openness and liberalism present in England compared to France. Voltaire argues that d 7 denominations of Christianity should be tolerated in the same society. This is based on his belief that toleration springs from no s 8 group being able to claim absolute truth. He proposes that the best form of government is a monarchy l 9 in its power by a parliament and constitution. Voltaire believes that because humans are rational and act with reasonable self-interest, they should be given more liberty than current authoritarian government systems allow. He also gives biographies of four l 10 thinkers who influenced the later Enlightenment: Francis Bacon (1561-1626), John Locke (1632-1704), Isaac Newton (1642-1727), and René Descartes (1596-1650). In summary, Voltaire argues that the greater freedom and toleration he has witnessed in England c 11 to France is also the reason why that country is more prosperous and its citizens happier. The French Parlement did not take kindly to this assessment, and Letters on England was condemned. （24-25九年级下·江苏南京·开学考试）“Travelling is the body on the road, and reading is the mind on the road. Both of them o 1 a way to meet our great curiosity,” Ye Zi, a young scholar, said on the Chinese ‘TV show Read Books on an Island Season 3. On the show, some of China’s famous w 2 , such as Yu Hua and Su Tong, discuss their favourite literature. The new season is set in Crete, the largest island in Greece. The viewers can e 3 the cultural exchange between China and western countries. Also, it can help good literature from China and a 4 reach more people. The show shows us the important role of literature in c 5 different cultures. When the group of writers saw a beautiful sunrise in Crete, they talked about h 6 well-known writers from China and the West write about sunrise. Though these writers come from different cultures, their works show there’s something s 7 about human experience. Yu Hua also discussed the different literary (文学的) traditions. He d 8 that the sun often represents love in the West, while the moon stands for love in China. “Greece used to be a place only in my imagination and in the b 9 . Visiting Greece brought my imagination to life,” Su Tong said. This shows a close relationship between travel and literature. Many places that are m 10 in literature now become places of interest for tourists. The show offers a chance for writers, readers and literary works to “meet” each other. As we go further into the literary world, we can connect with ourselves and the world around us. （24-25九年级下·江苏南京·开学考试）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。 A hug (拥抱) is a form of human touch that happens when two or more people hold each other closely. People hug for many different reasons in their lives. For example, if a child is sad, a p 1 may hug him or her to give comfort. Grown-ups may hug to show each other love. Friends may hug to show friendship. Members of a team may hug after winning a game to show happiness and encourage other team members. Hugs may seem u 2 , but hugging is a necessary human need. For example, hugging is important in building human relationships. When a person is given a hug, he or she feels loved and important. In this way, it creates a sense of t 3 , belonging (归属感) and safety that encourages open communication and understanding with others. Hugging also has many h 4 advantages. For example, hugs can be good for people’s health. Research has shown that hugs can lower the risk of getting a cold as well as lower worry l 5 . Giving and receiving hugs can also make people happier. Finally, hugging can even save lives. In recent years, doctors have found that it is best when a baby is held soon after being born. It keeps the baby warm and helps keep his heart rate stable (心率平稳). Besides, these babies feel safer and seem to be happier. Sometimes, a hug from a mother can save the life of her newly-born baby who is d 6 . K 7 the importance of a hug, one man started the Free Hugs Campaign in 2001. It was an a 8 of kindness to show that everyone is an important person. Giving hugs to unknown people who wanted or needed a hug became popular in s 9 . Now, the month of July is known as International Free Hugs Month. Someone once said, “We need four hugs a day for l 10 on. We need eight hugs a day for holding on. We need twelve hugs a day for growing up.” There may not be many people who give out 12 a day. But for all it advantages, maybe it is something we should all do more often. 答案第1页，共2页 第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$