专题04 阅读理解之说明文15篇（各地市期中真题）-2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期中复习查缺补漏冲刺满分（人教版2019）

期中复习之说明文15篇 (各地市期中真题) 基础语篇巩固练 （23-24高一下·云南昭通·期中）Showing Respect for Seniors Dads have Father’s Day. Moms have Mother’s Day. Kids have Children’s Day. But, do our grandparents have a special holiday? Yes, they do! The Double Ninth Festival is a special day for elderly people in China. The festival is on the ninth day of the ninth month of the lunar calendar. As the Chinese word for nine has the same sound as the word for long, people take the Double Ninth Festival to show their wishes of long life for elderly people. There are many traditions for this festival. On that day, families get together and climb mountains for luck and in the hope that elderly people will live much longer. They also drink chrysanthemum wine (菊花酒) and wear a plant called zhuyu to celebrate it. Both chrysanthemum and zhuyu are regarded as clean plants that can clean houses and cure diseases. Respecting elderly people is shown not only on this special day but also in daily life. For example, when an older person enters a room, everyone stands up. When there are several guests at the table, the host usually introduces them from the oldest to the youngest. When a younger person is presenting something to an older person, two hands are used. On a crowded subway or bus, younger people always offer their seats to elderly people. It is a traditional virtue in China to respect elderly people. That’s because the Chinese know that elderly people have knowledge and experience that young people can learn from. So, Chinese people are proud of being old. Besides, to respect the elderly people is to respect yourself tomorrow. 1．Which of the following may NOT be a tradition for the Double Ninth Festival? A．Cleaning houses. B．Wearing the plant zhuyu. C．Drinking chrysanthemum wine. D．Families climbing mountains together. 2．What is Paragraph 4 about? A．Why we should respect elderly people. B．Traditional ways of celebrating the festival. C．What young people usually do on this festival. D．Examples of respecting elderly people in daily life. 3．Which is NOT the correct way to respect elderly people? A．We should offer seats to the old while taking a bus. B．We should sit straight when the old come into a room. C．We should use double hands to present things to the old. D．We should introduce the oldest person first while eating at the table. 4．Why are Chinese people proud of being old? A．It means they don’t have to work for others. B．It means they have more virtues than others. C．It means they have knowledge and experience. D．It means what they did in the past was meaningful. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了重阳节，列举了一些人们在日常生活中尊重老年人的例子，并讲述了尊重老年人是中华民族的一种传统美德。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“On that day, families get together and climb mountains for luck and in the hope that elderly people will live much longer. They also drink chrysanthemum wine (菊花酒) and wear a plant called zhuyu to celebrate it. (在那一天，家人聚在一起爬山以求好运，并希望老年人能活得更久。他们还喝菊花酒，戴一种叫茱萸的植物来庆祝。)”可知在重阳节这天，家人聚在一起爬山，喝菊花酒并佩戴一种名为“茱萸”的植物，选项A没有提到。故选A。 2．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Respecting elderly people is shown not only on this special day but also in daily life. For example, when an older person enters a room, everyone stands up. When there are several guests at the table, the host usually introduces them from the oldest to the youngest. When a younger person is presenting something to an older person, two hands are used. On a crowded subway or bus, younger people always offer their seats to elderly people. (尊重老人不仅体现在这个特殊的日子里，也体现在日常生活中。例如，当一位老人进入房间时，每个人都站起来。当餐桌上有几位客人时，主人通常从年长的介绍到最小的。当年轻人向老年人递东西时，要用两只手。在拥挤的地铁或公共汽车上，年轻人总是给老年人让座。)”可知，第四段主要是一些人们在日常生活中尊重老年人的例子。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“For example, when an older person enters a room, everyone stands up. (例如，当一位老人进入房间时，每个人都站起来。)”可知当一个老年人走进房间时，每个人都站起来，选项B“当老人走进房间时，我们应该坐直”表示有误。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“That’s because the Chinese know that elderly people have knowledge and experience that young people can learn from. So, Chinese people are proud of being old. (这是因为中国人知道老年人有知识和经验，年轻人可以学习。所以，中国人以年老而自豪。)”可知，中国人知道老年人有见识与经历，所以，中国人以年老为荣。故选C。 （23-24高一下·四川眉山·期中）For most people, the thought of having to watch themselves work out is not an attractive one. Yet as any gym-goer knows, there are always some people who like to enjoy their reflection in the floor-length mirrors. It is perhaps these particular keep-fit lovers who are most excited about the latest trend in home exercise-smart fitness mirrors. These are 180cm or so tall, high-tech mirrors that have a computer which is connected to the Internet, and also work as a video screen. The idea is that people contact an online trainer,who then appears in the mirror along with their reflection. On the more advanced devices the mirror is equipped with cameras, speakers and numerous sensors connected to AI, so the trainer can watch people’s movements, and provide improvements and changes. On the simpler mirrors the video and sound are just one-way — people can see and hear the trainer, but not the other way around. Lessons are typically not live; instead, people just get into a library of online workout videos. But is there any actual advantage in being able to watch yourself work out? Colleen Logan, the US owner of both Nordic Track and ProForm, says, “Seeing themselves in the mirror allows the users to correct their form or position, so they get the best possible benefits of strength exercises and reduce mistakes that could lead to injuries” . However, Dr Anthony Papathomas, a sports and fitness psychologist says there is value to this argument, but that he also has some concerns. He said, “How people who are not confident about their body image feel about the mirror gets me in a fret. It may be a problem for those new to exercise and looking to make a lifestyle change. Even for regular exercisers, there are many who experience body dysmorphia (变形) or eating disorders, and for them, seeing a reflection throughout their exercise might be troubling.” 1．What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about smart fitness mirrors? A．Their target users. B．Their basic functions. C．Their wide popularity. D．Their complex structure. 2．What can be the benefit for exercisers from simpler fitness mirrors? A．Having live workout lessons. B．Exercising with other partners. C．Learning from some trainers at once. D．Taking advantage of workout videos. 3．What does Logan think of the mirror? A．It makes mistakes sometimes. B．It could bring injuries to its users. C．It helps users exercise more properly. D．It can’t be used for strength exercises. 4．Which one is the best title? A．Fitness Mirror: Good or Bad. B．A Good Helper: Fitness Mirror. C．Home Exercise is Coming. D．The Trend of Fitness Mirror. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章详细探讨了健身镜的利弊，以及它对不同使用者可能带来的影响。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“These are 180cm or so tall, high-tech mirrors that have a computer which is connected to the Internet, and also work as a video screen. The idea is that people contact an online trainer,who then appears in the mirror along with their reflection.(这是一种高约180厘米的高科技镜子，上面有一台连接到互联网的电脑，也可以作为视频屏幕。这个想法是这样的：人们联系一位在线教练，然后他就会和自己的映像一起出现在镜子里)”可知，本段主要告诉我们智能健身镜的基本功能。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“On the simpler mirrors the video and sound are just one-way — people can see and hear the trainer, but not the other way around. Lessons are typically not live; instead, people just get into a library of online workout videos.(在简单的镜子上，视频和声音只是单向的——人们可以看到和听到教练，但教练却不能看到或听到他们。课程通常不是现场直播；相反，人们只需进入在线健身视频库)”可知，人们可以在简单款的健身镜上观看健身视频。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中Logan说的话“Seeing themselves in the mirror allows the users to correct their form or position, so they get the best possible benefits of strength exercises and reduce mistakes that could lead to injuries(在镜子里看自己可以让用户纠正他们的姿势或位置，这样他们就能从力量训练中获得最大的好处，并减少可能导致受伤的错误)”可知，Logan认为这款镜子可以帮助用户更合理地锻炼。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“But is there any actual advantage in being able to watch yourself work out?(但是看着自己锻炼有什么实际的好处吗？)”以及根据最后一段“However, Dr Anthony Papathomas, a sports and fitness psychologist says there is value to this argument, but that he also has some concerns.(然而，运动和健身心理学家安东尼·帕帕托马斯博士说，这一论点有其价值，但他也有一些担忧)”可知，文章详细探讨了健身镜的利弊，以及它对不同使用者可能带来的影响，因此最佳标题应该是“Fitness Mirror: Good or Bad”（健身镜：好还是坏）。故选A。 （23-24高一下·江苏苏州·期中）From rolling hills to mountain ranges, views make any road trip memorable, but for blind passengers this is part of the experience they can’t enjoy. Motor company Ford tries to change that. It teamed up with GTB Roma and Aedo Project — to develop a technology that will give those unfortunate passengers a way to feel nature’s beauty through their car windows. The prototype (原型) of the smart car window has a device with an outside-facing camera. With just a press of a button, the system takes a picture of the current view. The colorful picture is then turned into an image with different shades of grey through LED lights, which vibrates (震动) differently. As the finger passes over different regions of the image, its shaking movements provide feedback through the sense of touch to the person using it. The smart window also comes with a voice assistant that uses AI to identify the scene and help the passengers get information on what they’re seeing. “As the prototype started taking shape, we realized we were giving birth to a completely new language that would give blind people a new chance to visualize (使看见) and experience traveling,” Federico Russo, one director of GTB Roma, said. “When the idea was at its first stage, we looked for suppliers all around the world to make it come to life.” He believes the technology can be applied not just in cars. “It could be introduced into schools and institutions for blind people as a tool that could be used in various ways.” The technology may show up in a Ford autonomous vehicle. It’s known that the company is testing their technology and future business model and struggling to figure out how an autonomous vehicle gives passengers the details needed to get from one destination to another. It’s unclear when this technology will be made available. However, the idea of building something for the less advantaged is indeed a kind and influential action. 1．How does the smart car window work? A．By changing shades of colors. B．By recording the view with a camera. C．By classifying shaking movements. D．By translating scenery into vibrations. 2．What does Federico Russo say about the technology? A．It will be used in schools first. B．It will be tested across the world. C．It will have wide application. D．It will understand many languages. 3．What’s the author’s attitude towards the technology? A．Supportive. B．Critical. C．Unconcerned. D．Negative. 4．Which of the following could be the best title for the text? A．AI-based Window Adds Fun to Road Trips B．Smart Window Lets Blind Passengers Feel Views C．Technology Makes the Blind’s Trip Enjoyable D．Ford Develops a System for the Blind to Drive 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了福特公司联合GTB Roma和Aedo Project研发了一款智能车窗，帮助盲人感受旅途中的风景，带给盲人全新的旅行体验。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“The prototype (原型) of the smart car window has a device with an outside-facing camera. With just a press of a button, the system takes a picture of the current view. The colorful picture is then turned into an image with different shades of grey through LED lights, which vibrates (震动) differently. As the finger passes over different regions of the image, its shaking movements provide feedback through the sense of touch to the person using it. (智能车窗的原型有一个带外置摄像头的设备。只需按下一个按钮，系统就会拍摄当前视图的照片。然后，彩色图片通过LED灯变成不同灰度的图像，LED灯以不同的方式振动。当手指经过图像的不同区域时，它的抖动动作会通过触觉向使用它的人提供反馈)”可知，智能车窗是将风景转化为不同震动来让盲人感受景色的。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“He believes the technology can be applied not just in cars. “It could be introduced into schools and institutions for blind people as a tool that could be used in various ways.” (他认为，这项技术不仅可以应用于汽车。“它可以作为一种工具引入盲人学校和机构，可以以多种方式使用。”)”可知，Federico Russo认为这项技术有广泛的应用价值。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“However, the idea of building something for the less advantaged is indeed a kind and influential action. (然而，为弱势群体建造东西的想法确实是一种善良和有影响力的行为)”可推知，作者对这项技术持支持的态度。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“From rolling hills to mountain ranges, views make any road trip memorable, but for blind passengers this is part of the experience they can’t enjoy. Motor company Ford tries to change that. It teamed up with GTB Roma and Aedo Project — to develop a technology that will give those unfortunate passengers a way to feel nature’s beauty through their car windows. (从连绵起伏的丘陵到山脉，景色让任何公路旅行都令人难忘，但对于盲人乘客来说，这是他们无法享受的体验的一部分。汽车公司福特试图改变这一点。它与GTB Roma和Aedo Project合作，开发了一种技术，让那些不幸的乘客通过车窗感受大自然的美丽)”可知，本文主要介绍了福特公司联合GTB Roma和Aedo Project研发了一款智能车窗，这种智能车窗使盲人有可能感受到旅途中的风景。由此可知，B项“Smart Window Lets Blind Passengers Feel Views (智能车窗让盲人乘客感受视野)”适合作本文最佳标题。故选B项。 （23-24高一下·广东湛江·期中）A broken heart. A sad ending to a love affair. That’s something most of us have experienced, or probably will After all, it’s part of human life. But no question, the experience can be serious. You might find yourself listening more to sad music, sad songs, or worse, that you’ve been into a sense of hopelessness about life itself. You might feel a sadness, as in Neil Young’s Only Love Can Break Your Heart, or the pain of a lyric (歌词) from Bob Dylan’s Love Sick: “I’m sick of love, I wish I’d never met you.” But research shows there are pathways through the heartache. Listening to sad music is a major one. It can help you begin to feel joy and hopefulness about your life again. It can activate empathy (共鸣) and the desire to connect with others both pathways through the prison of heartache and sadness. That may sound paradoxical (相悖的). Especially if you listen to melancholy music, like Marianelli’s Farewell, or to popular songs and there are plenty of them, across decades and generations: Billie Eilish’s When The Parry’s Over in our present times R.E.M.’s Everybody Hurts, from the 90s. New research finds that and music can help heal (治愈) and uplift you from your broken heart. For example, a recent study from Germany found the emotional impact of listening to and music in a call of feeling of empathy and a desire for positive connection with others. That itself, in psychologically (心理的) healing. The finding links with other studies that show accepting your bad situation emotionally accepting reality as it is stirs healing and growth beyond it. In short, accepting your experience mouses hope. For example, research from Cornell University, described here a published in Psychological Science found that accepting discomfort about a life experience or new situation, and viewing it is a step towards growth and change creates power to find a pathway through it, beyond it. 1．What can we learn about listening to sad music? A．It breaks your heart completely. B．It makes you feel hopeless and lonely. C．it can send you to the prison of sadness. D．It’s an important pathway through the heartache. 2．What does the underlined word “melancholy” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Sad. B．Popular. C．Light. D．Peaceful 3．What should you do when in sad situations according to the last paragraph? A．Accept reality as it is. B．Turn to a psychologist for help. C．Read some books about psychology. D．Get fully prepared and make big changes. 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．The Importance of Music B．How to Heal a Broken Heart C．The Sad Music’s Effect on Heartache D．How to Survive in a Difficult Situation 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了听悲伤的音乐对心痛的影响，研究表明，听悲伤的音乐可以帮助治愈和振奋你受伤的心。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“But research shows there are pathways through the heartache. Listening to sad music is a major one. It can help you begin to feel joy and hopefulness about your life again. (但研究表明，心痛是有治愈途径的。听悲伤的音乐是主要的一种方式。它可以帮助你再次开始对生活感到快乐和充满希望)”可知，听悲伤的音乐是走出心痛的一个重要途径。故选D项。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“That may sound paradoxical (相悖的). Especially if you listen to melancholy music, like Marianelli’s Farewell, or to popular songs and there are plenty of them, across decades and generations: Billie Eilish’s When The Parry’s Over in our present times R.E.M.’s Everybody Hurts, from the 90s.(这听起来可能有些矛盾。尤其是当你听melancholy音乐时，比如玛丽安内利的《告别》，或者是流行歌曲)”中列举的歌曲“Marianelli’s Farewell”和“R.E.M.’s Everybody Hurts”可推知，Farewell和Everybody Hurts都是伤悲的音乐，所以划线词melancholy 意为“悲伤的，忧郁的”，与sad意思相近。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The finding links with other studies that show accepting your bad situation emotionally accepting reality as it is stirs healing and growth beyond it. (这一发现与其他研究相联系，这些研究表明，从情感上接受你的糟糕处境——接受现实——会激发治愈和成长)”可推知，当你在悲伤的情境中时，应该接受现实，这有助于治愈和成长。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第三段中“But research shows there are pathways through the heartache. Listening to sad music is a major one. (但研究表明，有方法可以缓解心痛。听悲伤的音乐是主要的一种方式)”和第五段中“New research finds that and music can help heal (治愈) and uplift you from your broken heart. (新的研究发现，音乐可以帮助治愈并让你从破碎的心中振作起来)”可知，本文主要介绍了听悲伤的音乐对心痛的积极影响，因此最适合的标题是“悲伤音乐对心痛的影响”。故选C项。 （23-24高一下·广东揭阳·期中）After bikes and umbrellas are made sharable across China, some companies started to focus on the fitness market, so shared gym rooms have hit the streets in Beijing. Unlike common gyms that provide large, open spaces for many members to share at the same time, the newly built shared gym rooms are small, separate rooms for only a person to use at a time, often set up near living communities. Every four-square-meter room provides a treadmill (跑步机), an air cleaner, a mirror, a television and an air conditioner, and users can let down the curtains (窗帘) for privacy. When exercising, users can listen to music, watch movies and check emails by connecting to the Internet by the screen fixed on the treadmill. But there’s no shower. Similar to using a shared bike, users can locate a shared gym room by a smartphone app, book a room in advance and then need to scan a QR code for use. A refundable deposit (保证金) of 99 yuan is required, and users are charged 1 yuan every 5 minutes. The shared gym rooms are created by Misspao, a Beijing-based technology company founded in July. Within several months since it was founded, the company has already raised over 100 million yuan. However, the idea of the shared fitness experience is not totally nascent. Last December, the company VRUN set up shared treadmills in office and apartment buildings. The sharing economy is still becoming popular in China. According to Yicai Global, confident people are pouring millions into sharing start-ups. In March, the State Information Center published a report which predicts that the total value of China’s sharing economy will see a yearly growth of 40% in the coming years, and it is expected to make a great contribution to the country’s GDP. 1．What makes the shared gym room different from the common one? A．Holding one person at a time. B．Standing in the living communities. C．Offering open spaces. D．Having all advanced equipment. 2．What do people need to do to use the shared gym room? A．Pay 100 yuan first. B．Let down curtains for privacy. C．Take a shower before exercise. D．Book a room ahead of time. 3．What does the underlined word “nascent” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Simple. B．Popular. C．Satisfying. D．New. 4．What is the author’s purpose of writing the text? A．To advertise a technology company. B．To introduce shared gym rooms. C．To support the shared gym rooms. D．To predict the future of shared gym rooms. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是北京出现的共享健身房的特点、使用方法等信息。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“Unlike common gyms that provide large, open spaces for many members to share at the same time, the newly built shared gym rooms are small, separate rooms for only a person to use at a time, often set up near living communities.(普通健身房为许多会员同时提供大而开放的空间，而新建的共享健身房是小型的、独立的房间，每次只能供一个人使用，通常建在生活区附近)”可知，共享健身房不同于普通健身房的地方是共享健身房每次只能供一个人使用。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段的句子“Similar to using a shared bike, users can locate a shared gym room by a smartphone app, book a room in advance and then need to scan a QR code for use.(与使用共享单车类似，用户可以通过智能手机应用程序找到共享健身房，提前预订房间，然后扫描二维码使用)”可知，人们需要提前预定房间才能使用共享健身房。故选D项。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线单词后面的句子“Last December, the company VRUN set up shared treadmills in office and apartment buildings.(去年12月，VRUN公司在办公楼和公寓楼里设置了共享跑步机)”可知，共享健身体验的概念并不完全是新生事物。由此可知，划线单词nascent的意义为“新兴的，初期的”，与D项中的new意义一致。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“After bikes and umbrellas  are made sharable across China, some companies started to focus on the  fitness market, so shared gym rooms have hit the streets in Beijing.(在自行车和雨伞在中国变得可共享之后，一些公司开始关注健身市场，所以共享健身房在北京的街道上出现了)”及下文内容可知，本文主要介绍的是北京出现的共享健身房的特点、使用方法等信息。由此推知，作者写本文的目的是介绍共享健身房。故选B项。 （23-24高一下·上海·期中）In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. The pattern of sharing in tasks and in decisions makes for equality, and this in turn leads to further sharing. In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept that equality more easily than their parents did and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the “battle of the sexes”. If the process goes too far and man’s role is regarded as less important and that has happened in some cases — we are as badly off as before, only in reverse. It is time to reassess the role of the man in the American family. We are getting a little tired of “Momism”- but we don’t want to exchange it for a “neo-popism”. What we need, rather, is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals. There are signs that psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credits, nor all the blame. We have almost given up saying that a woman’s place is in the home. We are beginning, however, to analyze man’s place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child. The family is a cooperative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family needs to work out its own way for solving its own problems. Excessive authoritarianism (权力主义) has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is pertinent (有关系的) not only to a healthy democracy but also to a healthy family. 1．The danger in the sharing of the household tasks by the mother and father is that ________. A．the role of the father may become an inferior one B．the role of the mother may become an inferior one C．the children will grow up believing that life is a battle of the sexes D．the father will be less capable in his profession 2．The author states that bringing up children ________. A．is primarily the mother’s job B．belongs among the duties of the father C．belongs to the one who is free more often D．involves partnership of equals 3．According to the author, the father’s role in the home is ________. A．minor because he is an ineffectual parent B．irrelevant to the healthy development of the child C．pertinent to the healthy development of the child D．identical to the role of the child’s mother 4．With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree? A．A healthy, co-operative family is a basic ingredient of a healthy society. B．Men are basically opposed to sharing household chores. C．Division of household responsibilities is workable only in theory. D．A woman’s place is always in the home. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨家庭中男女角色平等分担责任对孩子及家庭、社会的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“If the process goes too far and man’s role is regarded as less important and that has happened in some cases — we are as badly off as before, only in reverse. (如果这个过程走得太远，男人的作用被认为不那么重要了——这种情况在某些情况下已经发生了——我们就会像以前一样糟糕，只是情况相反。)” 可知，父母共同承担家务的风险在于父亲的角色可能会变得次要。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“What we need, rather, is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals. (相反，我们需要的是认识到抚养孩子需要一种平等的伙伴关系。)” 可知，抚养孩子需要平等的合作。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child. (这个地方对孩子的健康发展也不是无关紧要的。)” 可知，父亲在家庭中的角色对孩子的健康发展是相关的。故选C。 4．逻辑推理题。根据最后一段“Excessive authoritarianism has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is pertinent not only to a healthy democracy but also to a healthy family. (无论是穿裙子还是穿裤子，过度的威权主义都会带来令人不快的后果。平等权利和平等责任的理想不仅与健康的民主有关，也与健康的家庭有关。)” 可知，作者最可能同意健康、合作的家庭是健康社会的基本要素这一观点。故选A。 （23-24高一下·云南曲靖·期中）As can be seen on almost any basis, English is the nearest thing that has ever been to a global language. Its worldwide reach is much greater than anything achieved historically by Latin or French, and there has never been a language as widely spoken as English. Although English now appears to be in a powerful position in the modern world, its future as a global language is not necessarily assured. In the Middle Ages, Latin seemed forever to be set as the language of education and culture, as did French in the 18th century. But conditions change, and there are several factors which might make a difference to such a change once again. There is a close link between language and power. The USA, with its huge advantage in economic, technical and cultural terms, is the driving force behind English in the world today. However, if the USA were to lose its position of economic and technical advantage, then the “language loyalties” of other countries may well shift to the new dominant(占优势的)power. Nowadays, perhaps the only possible candidate(候选人)for such a replacement would be China. A change in population (and population growth) trends may prove to be an influential factor. A report by the British Council suggests that the number of people learning English is likely to continue to increase over the next 10-15 years, peaking at around 2 billion, after which a decline(下降)is predicted. Various tries have been made to develop a simpler “controlled” English language suitable for international usage(e.g. Basic English, Plain English, Special English, Essential World English, etc). Increasingly, the long-term future of English as a global language probably lies in the hands of Asia, and especially the huge populations of India and China. 1．What do the underlined words “such a change” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．English may lose its dominant position one day. B．English may not be used in education and culture. C．Latin may be set as the language of education and culture. D．French may be spoken as widely as English in the future. 2．What can be learned from paragraph 2? A．The USA has a great number of Chinese learners. B．Other countries will shift to learn French in the future. C．Population growth influences the number of language learners. D．The position of a language is affected by the power of its country. 3．Why have tries been made to develop a simpler "controlled” English? A．To prove English is changing. B．To show English is still popular. C．To attract more people to use English. D．To lower the cost of learning English. 4．Where is the text probably taken from? A．A novel. B．A magazine. C．A diary. D．A tourist handbook. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了英语作为全球语言在未来可能面临的挑战与危机。 1．词义猜测题。根据第一段中“Although English now appears to be in a powerful position in the modern world, its future as a global language is not necessarily assured. In the Middle Ages, Latin seemed forever to be set as the language of education and culture, as did French in the 18th century.( 虽然英语现在在现代世界中似乎处于强大的地位，但它作为一种全球语言的未来并不一定是确定的。在中世纪，拉丁语似乎永远被设定为教育和文化语言，就像18世纪的法语一样。)”由此可推知，第1段中划线的“such a change(这种改变)”是指英语可能有一天会失去它的主导地位。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“There is a close link between language and power. The USA, with its huge advantage in economic, technical and cultural terms, is the driving force behind English in the world today. However, if the USA were to lose its position of economic and technical advantage, then the “language loyalties” of other countries may well shift to the new dominant(占优势的)power.( 语言和权力之间有着密切的联系。美国凭借其在经济、技术和文化方面的巨大优势，是当今世界英语背后的推动力量。然而，如果美国失去了其经济和技术优势的地位，那么其他国家的“语言忠诚”很可能会转向新的主导力量。)”可推知，一种语言的地位受其国家实力的影响。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“A report by the British Council suggests that the number of people learning English is likely to continue to increase over the next 10-15 years, peaking at around 2 billion, after which a decline(下降)is predicted. Various tries have been made to develop a simpler “controlled” English language suitable for international usage(e.g. Basic English, Plain English, Special English, Essential World English, etc).( 英国文化协会的一份报告显示，在未来10-15年里，学习英语的人数可能会继续增加，达到20亿左右的峰值，之后预计会下降。人们做了各种各样的尝试，以发展一种更简单的、适合国际使用的“受控”英语。基础英语、简单英语、特别英语、世界英语等)。)”可推知，努力发展一种更简单的“受控”英语是为了吸引更多的人使用英语。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段的“But conditions change, and there are several factors which might make a difference to such a change once again.(但情况在变化，有几个因素可能会再次导致这种变化。)”并通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了英语作为全球语言在未来可能面临的挑战与危机，由此可推知，这篇文章最有可能选自杂志。故选B项。 （23-24高一下·西藏拉萨·期中）Germs (细菌) are everywhere. You can’t see them, but they are on your desk, on your computer, and even in the air! Like people, germs move around the world. They fly with us on planes. When food, clothes, and other things travel around the world, germs travel, too. Some germs are safe, but some are dangerous. Germs cause illnesses like colds and the flu. Warmer Weather Brings Germs The world’s weather is changing. Cooler countries are getting warmer, so insects from hot countries can move there. Some of these insects, like mosquitoes, carry dangerous germs. These germs cause headaches, fever, and can even kill people. Under Your Skin Your skin protects you from germs. It stops some germs, but not all. They can enter your body when you eat, or when you have a cut. Germs are on your hands, too. They enter your body when you touch your eyes, nose, or mouth. Fighting Germs Your immune system (免疫系统) protects you, too. When germs get inside your body, your immune system finds and kills them. Special cells (细胞) move around your body and fight germs. They help you stay healthy. Other cells make antibodies. Antibodies help your body find and stop germs. What can you do to fight germs? You should wash your hands with soap and water. Soap kills many germs, and water washes them away. 1．The underlined word “there” refers to ________. A．cooler countries B．hot countries C．everywhere D．the world 2．Which of the following is right according to the text? A．All germs are dangerous. B．There are more germs in cold places. C．Soap can kill all germs. D．Germs can get into your body. 3．What do antibodies do? A．They kill germs and wash them away. B．They find and develop germs. C．They help protect us from germs. D．They carry dangerous germs. 4．Which can be the best title for this text? A．Germs Are Everywhere B．Weather Is Changing C．Skin Stops Germs D．Germs Are Developed 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了细菌无处不在，并介绍了细菌传播的一些方式和人体上一些可以保护人们不受细菌侵害的组织，以及人体对抗细菌的机制。 1．词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Cooler countries are getting warmer, so insects from hot countries can move there. (凉爽的国家变得越来越暖和，所以炎热国家的昆虫可以迁移到那里。)”可知，因为气候变暖，原本凉爽的国家变得暖和起来，怕冷的蚊虫便会向这些地方迁移，因此there指的是“（原本）更冷的国家”。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据Under Your Skin部分中“Germs are on your hands, too. They enter your body when you touch your eyes, nose, or mouth. (你的手上也有细菌。当你触摸眼睛、鼻子或嘴巴时，它们就会进入你的身体。)”可知D选项“细菌可以进入你的身体”符合文章内容。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Antibodies help your body find and stop germs. (抗体帮助你的身体发现和阻止细菌。)”可知，抗体的作用是帮助我们免受细菌的侵害。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。文章开篇就指出细菌无处不在，围绕这一主题介绍了气候变暖使得细菌从炎热地区向原本较冷的地方迁移，细菌能进入人的身体，但身体的免疫系统会施加保护。A选项“细菌无处不在”贴合主题，最适合作为文章标题。故选A。 （23-24高一下·陕西渭南·期中）Children who are teased (取笑) for being fat are likely to end up even fatter, according to scientists. Overweight children bullied (欺凌) about their weight put on an average of seven ounces (200g) more body weight every year than children not bullied, a study found. This may be because they eat more to deal with emotional pain, avoid exercise out of embarrassment or gain weight because of a hormone imbalance. Scientists at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences in Maryland, US, surveyed 110 children and tracked their weight for up to 15 years. They were 11 years old on average at the beginning of the study and were either overweight already or had two overweight parents. Almost half (43 percent) said they had been joked about their weight at least once, even if they weren’t already fat themselves. Children even reported being joked by their own parents. It was not clear whether teasing coming from children’s peers or their parents had a worse effect. It said discussing weight in a way which made it sound bad could lead to people eating without control, and create feelings of loneliness. Words such as “fat” “obese” and “extremely obese” were seen as the most undesirable and least motivating. More gentle words, such as “weight” or “unhealthy weight” were regarded as the most motivating for weight loss and the most desirable. Continued efforts should be made to educate the public about the potentially (潜在地) harmful effects of weight-based joking, the researchers said. This may be especially important within families and schools. They added youth is a time of “being increasingly easy to get hurt” and more should be done to help those teased for their weight. 1．Why do bullied fat children become fatter according to the text? A．They don’t care about their weight. B．They are always teased by their parents. C．They deal with emotional pain by eating. D．They have no skills in taking exercise. 2．In the research scientists surveyed the children ________. A．who were fat for almost 5 years B．who were over 11 years old C．who were joked about being fat D．who were overweight or whose parents were 3．What can we learn from paragraph 3? A．Teasing children’s overweight badly does much harm. B．We should not discuss weight in front of fat children. C．Jokes from parents hurt the overweight children more. D．“Unhealthy weight” sounds worse than “extreme weight”. 4．What do the researchers advise people to do? A．Motivate children to lose weight properly. B．Avoid making fun of children for their overweight. C．Help children build positive attitudes to their being fat. D．Realize the harmful effects of overweight. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家关于超重儿童因被取笑而可能变得更胖的研究发现，以及这一发现背后的可能原因。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Overweight children bullied (欺凌) about their weight put on an average of seven ounces (200g) more body weight every year than children not bullied, a study found. This may be because they eat more to deal with emotional pain, avoid exercise out of embarrassment or gain weight because of a hormone imbalance.(研究发现，被欺凌的超重儿童每年平均比未被欺凌的儿童多增加 200 克体重。这可能是因为他们为了应对情感上的痛苦而吃得更多，因为尴尬而避免锻炼，或者因为激素失衡而体重增加。)”可知，被欺凌的胖孩子变得更胖的原因之一是他们通过吃东西来处理情感上的痛苦。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Scientists at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences in Maryland, US, surveyed 110 children and tracked their weight for up to 15 years. They were 11 years old on average at the beginning of the study and were either overweight already or had two overweight parents.(美国马里兰州健康科学统一服务大学的科学家对110名儿童进行了调查，并跟踪了他们的体重长达15年。这些儿童在研究开始时平均年龄为11岁，要么已经超重，要么父母双方超重。)”可知，科学家调查的儿童是超重或父母超重的儿童。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Children even reported being joked by their own parents. It was not clear whether teasing coming from children’s peers or their parents had a worse effect. It said discussing weight in a way which made it sound bad could lead to people eating without control, and create feelings of loneliness. Words such as “fat” “obese” and “extremely obese” were seen as the most undesirable and least motivating.(儿童甚至报告说自己的父母也会取笑他们。目前尚不清楚是来自同龄人的取笑还是来自父母的取笑造成的影响更糟。该研究表示，以听起来很糟糕的方式谈论体重会导致人们无法控制地进食，并产生孤独感。诸如“胖”、“肥胖”和“极度肥胖”等词语被视为最不受欢迎且最无激励作用的词语。)”可知，第三段讲述了取笑儿童体重过重会带来很大的伤害，尤其是来自同龄人或父母的取笑。这种取笑可能导致人们无节制地进食，产生孤独感，并且一些消极的词汇如“胖”、“肥胖”和“极度肥胖”被认为是最不受欢迎且最无激励作用的。因此，我们可以从第三段中学到的是取笑儿童体重过重会带来很大的伤害。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Continued efforts should be made to educate the public about the potentially (潜在地) harmful effects of weight-based joking, the researchers said. This may be especially important within families and schools.(研究人员说，应该继续努力教育公众了解基于体重的取笑可能带来的有害影响，这在家庭和学校里尤为重要。)”可知，研究人员建议人们避免因为孩子的体重而取笑他们。故选B。 （23-24高一下·四川达州·期中）In the past years the popularity of rock climbing has greatly increased, and so has the number of injuries. It has been estimated that rock climbing is now enjoyed by more than 9 million people in the US each year. Study findings revealed a 65 percent increase in the number of patients that were treated in US emergency departments for rock climbing-related injuries between 2001 and 2021. The study, published in the online issue of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, found that about 40,000 patients were treated in US emergency departments for rock climbing-related injuries between 2001 and 2021. The most common types of rock climbing-related injuries were fractures (骨折) and sprains (扭伤). The ankle was the most common body part to be injured (40 percent). Climbers in the study ranged in age from 2 to 74, with an average age of 26. The study also found that women took up a quarter of the injuries. Falls were the primary reason for injury with over three-quarters of the injuries occurring as the result of a fall. The severity of fall-related injuries had a lot to do with the height of the fall. Patients who were injured after falling from a height over 20 feet were 10 times more likely to be treated than patients who were injured falling from 20 feet or lower. “We found that the climbers who fell from heights higher than 20 feet took up 70 percent of the patients treated for a rock climbing-related injury,” explained the study author Lara McKenzie, PhD, director at the Center for Injury Research and Policy at Nationwide Hospital. “This trend, combined with the fact that rock climbers have a higher hospitalization rate than other sports and recreational injuries, demonstrates the need to increase injury prevention efforts for climbers.” 1．Which body part is most likely to get injured for a climber？ A．The arm. B．The ankle. C．The knee. D．The hand. 2．How many women climbers in America got injured while climbing a rock between 2001 and 2021? A．About 40, 000. B．About 30, 000. C．About 20, 000. D．About 10, 000. 3．The severity of climbers’ fall-related injures is mainly related to ________. A．the height of the fall B．the climber’s age C．the climber’s health conditions D．the climber’s climbing experience 4．The underlined word “demonstrates” in the last paragraph can be replaced by “________”. A．demands B．prevents C．proves D．describes 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了攀登作为一项流行的运动带来健康的同时也造成了身体伤害，有骨折、扭伤、摔倒，在这些原因中，摔倒是一大主要原因，研究显示：从20英尺摔倒的人比从20及以下的人更容易受伤。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The most common types of rock climbing-related injuries were fractures (骨折) and sprains (扭伤). The ankle was the most common body part to be injured (40 percent).(最常见的攀岩相关损伤类型是骨折和扭伤。脚踝是最常受伤的身体部位（40%）)”可知，脚踝是攀登者最常受伤的身体部位，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The study, published in the online issue of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, found that about 40,000 patients were treated in US emergency departments for rock climbing-related injuries between 2001 and 2021.(这项发表在《美国预防医学杂志》网络版上的研究发现，2001年至2021年期间，约有4万名患者在美国急诊科接受了攀岩相关伤害的治疗)”和“The study also found that women took up a quarter of the injuries.(研究还发现，女性占所有受伤人数的四分之一)”可知，2001年至2021年期间，约有4万名患者在美国急诊科接受了攀登相关伤害的治疗，其中四分之一是女性，即约10000名。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The severity of fall-related injuries had a lot to do with the height of the fall. Patients who were injured after falling from a height over 20 feet were 10 times more likely to be treated than patients who were injured falling from 20 feet or lower.(与坠落有关的伤害的严重程度与坠落的高度有很大关系。从20英尺以上的高度坠落受伤的患者接受治疗的可能性是从20英尺或更低高度坠落受伤患者的10倍)”可知，登山者受伤的严重程度主要是与他们坠落的高度有关，故选A。 4．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“This trend, combined with the fact that rock climbers have a higher hospitalization rate than other sports and recreational injuries(这一趋势，再加上攀岩者比其他运动和娱乐伤害有更高的住院率)”以及后文“the need to increase injury prevention efforts for climbers(有必要加强对攀登者的伤害预防工作)”可知，攀岩者比其他体育运动的人有较高的住院率，这表明需要展开对攀登者的伤害预防工作。demonstrates意为“表明，证明”，故选C。 （23-24高一下·陕西西安·期中）ChatGPT, designed by OpenAI to carry on conversations just like humans, has become a viral excitement. The AI-powered tool went from zero to a million users in just five days! Its ability to provide in-depth answers to user questions has even drawn the attention of distinguished technology companies. The intelligent robot understands what the user says or types and then responds in a way that makes sense. Its vast body of knowledge has been gathered from the internet and archived books. It is further trained by humans. This makes ChatGPT a useful tool for researching almost any topic. “We have a lot of information on the internet, but you normally have to Google it, then read it and then do something with it,” says Ricardo, chief science officer and co-founder of AI company Erudit. “Now you’ll have this resource that can process the whole internet and all of the information it contains for you to answer your question.” ChatGPT cannot think on its own. It depends on the information that it has been trained on. As a result; the AI tool works well for things that have accurate data available. However, when unsure, ChatGPT can get creative and flow out incorrect responses. OpenAI cautions users to check the information no matter how logical it sounds. Also, ChatGPT has only been trained with information till 2021. Hence, it cannot be relied upon for anything that happened after that. Experts believe ChatGPT has limitless potential to solve real-world problems. It can translate long texts into different languages, create content on almost any topic, and even summarize books. However, ChatGPT has received mixed reactions from educators. Some believe it could serve as a valuable tool to help build literacy skills in the classroom. It could also be used to teach students difficult science or math concepts. But other educators think ChatGPT will encourage students to cheat. They fear this will prevent them from building critical thinking and problem-solving skills. As a result, many districts are starting to ban its use in schools. 1．What is the unique feature of ChatGPT? A．It has artificial intelligence. B．It can engage in meaningful conversations. C．It has the largest number of users. D．It can answer users' questions. 2．What makes ChatGPT helpful to research various topics? A．Its accurate information. B．Its capability of information processing. C．Its vast body of questions. D．Its availability of up-to-date data. 3．Why do ChatGPT users have to be cautious when using it? A．ChatGPT is unable to think itself. B．ChatGPT lacks creativity. C．ChatGPT offers illogical information. D．ChatGPT is not properly trained. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards ChatGPT? A．Supportive. B．Disapproving. C．Indifferent. D．Objective. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能ChatGPT，介绍了其特点、存在的问题以及人们对ChatGPT的看法。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Its ability to provide in- depth answers to user questions has even drawn the attention of distinguished technology companies.(它为用户问题提供深入答案的能力甚至引起了著名科技公司的注意)”以及第二段中“The intelligent robot understands what the user says or types and then responds in a way that makes sense.(智能机器人理解用户所说或输入的内容，然后以合理的方式做出回应)”可知，ChatGPT的独特之处是它可以参与有意义的对话。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The intelligent robot understands what the user says or types and then responds in a way that makes sense. Its vast body of knowledge has been gathered from the internet and archived books. It is further trained by humans. This makes ChatGPT a useful tool for researching almost any topic.(智能机器人理解用户所说或输入的内容，然后以合理的方式做出回应。其庞大的知识体系是从互联网和存档书籍中收集来的。它被人类进一步训练。这使得ChatGPT成为研究几乎任何主题的有用工具)”可知，信息处理能力使ChatGPT有助于研究各种主题。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“However, when unsure, ChatGPT can get creative and flow out incorrect responses. OpenAI cautions users to check the information no matter how logical it sounds.(然而，当不确定时，ChatGPT可以变得有创意并流出错误的响应。OpenAI提醒用户，无论这些信息听起来多么合乎逻辑，都要检查)”可知，ChatGPT可能会提供不合逻辑的信息，所以用户要谨慎，故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段“ChatGPT cannot think on its own.(ChatGPT不能独立思考)”；第五段“Experts believe ChatGPT has limitless potential to solve real-world problems.(专家认为ChatGPT在解决现实问题方面具有无限潜力)”以及最后一段“However, ChatGPT has received mixed reactions from educators. (然而，教育工作者对ChatGPT的反应不一)”可推知，作者主要列举了其他人对ChatGPT的看法，没有提到自己对ChatGPT的态度，故对ChatGPT是客观态度。故选D。 （23-24高一下·湖南邵阳·期中） Some parts of our world are bad places of earthquakes. Everyone knows earthquakes usually come without warning. They are really very dangerous, but there are still things you can do to protect yourself. Here is some helpful and practical advice for you. ◆Stay calm as the earth begins to shake. Your chances of survival in an earthquake go up if you can keep calm. Staying calm is not easy, but it can save your life. ◆If you are inside when the earthquake starts, get under a table or a bed. You need to have something strong around you to protect you from falling objects. Do not stand near walls or windows and stay out of the kitchen. The kitchen is dangerous because of many glass objects. ◆If you are outside, get to an open area as fast as you can. Stay away from buildings and trees. If you are in a car, pull over to a place where there are no trees or tall buildings and stay in the car. If you are close to the sea, try to get as far away from the water as possible. Earthquakes can cause huge waves that can really harm and even kill the people nearby. ◆When the earthquake is over, there is still plenty of danger. For example, gas fire often comes with an earthquake. If you see a fire, quickly move outdoors to an open area. Remember to always hope for the best but prepare for the worst. 1．If an earthquake comes, it hardly gives people any ______. A．warning B．danger C．fire D．practice 2．Everyone needs to ______ when they meet with an earthquake. A．stand near a window B．sit under a big tree C．stay calm D．lie in bed 3．The kitchen is a dangerous place during an earthquake because of ______. A．its strong table B．its glass objects C．the water in it D．the open area 4．Why did the author write this article? A．To ask for some practical advice. B．To reduce your chances of survival. C．To get fully prepared before earthquakes. D．To help people protect themselves. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了地震发生时的一些实用建议。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Everyone knows earthquakes usually come without warning.(每个人都知道地震通常没有预警。)”可知，地震发生时通常没有任何预警。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Stay calm as the earth begins to shake. Your chances of survival in an earthquake go up if you can keep calm. Staying calm is not easy, but it can save your life.(当大地开始震动时，请保持冷静。如果你能保持冷静，你在地震中的生存机会就会增加。保持冷静并不容易，但它可以挽救你的生命。)”可知，保持冷静可以增加生存几率，所以在地震发生时应该保持冷静。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The kitchen is dangerous because of many glass objects.(厨房里由于有很多玻璃制品，所以很危险。)”可知，由于厨房有许多玻璃制品，所以地震发生时厨房是一个危险地方。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“They are really very dangerous, but there are still things you can do to protect yourself. Here is some helpful and practical advice for you.(它们确实非常危险，但你仍然可以做一些事情来保护自己。这里有一些有用和实用的建议。)”并结合下文内容可知，本文主要提供了一些如何在地震中保护自己的建议，帮助人们保护自己。故选D。 （23-24高一下·安徽马鞍山·期末）Every year, hundreds of international students travel thousands of miles to study hard in China, leaving their homes and native languages behind. As some of them devote themselves to Chinese language study at Tongji University in Shanghai, one unique task helps them bridge the miles that lie in between — writing a letter home in Chinese. The letter- home activity has become an annual tradition in Tongji’s pre-university Chinese program. After months of studying vocabulary, grammar, and composition, students from all over the world are tasked with writing a letter to their families, entirely in Chinese. “At first, this activity was operated in a few classes. But when other students saw the letters on show, they began to write home letters on their own,” explained Zong Qian, director of the International School of the university. As the letters started coming in, the teachers were impressed and touched by the students’ efforts to express emotions across cultures. “We realized that these letters offered a special window into the students’ experiences and growth in China,” said Zong. “The letters were very moving to read.” Chipo Bard Shanzuwa Chintu from Zambia wrote about her adjustment to life in Shanghai: “I think Shanghai is beautiful and safe. Learning to write Chinese characters is very challenging but rewarding.” Neth Chanranuth from Cambodia described his progress after settling in: “Time flies and my Chinese language ability has improved a lot. I’ve gradually adapted to life in China.” For the students, letters are a more special way of communication. Once they are received, that physical paper held in hands becomes a lasting memory one can revisit again and again. 1．What unique task are the international students asked to do at Tongji University? A．Learn Chinese vocabulary. B．Study grammar and composition. C．Write a letter home in Chinese. D．Join in the pre- university program. 2．What can we infer about the letter-home activity? A．It took some efforts to get promoted. B．It was run in all the classes at first. C．It offered students a common way to communicate. D．It contributed little to international students’ growth. 3．What did Zong Qian say about the students’ letters? A．They showed little effort. B．They were difficult to read. C．They were very touching. D．They lacked cultural expressions. 4．How did Neth Chanranuth feel about his study in Chinese? A．Disappointed. B．Satisfied. C．Worried. D．Surprised. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了同济大学要求国际学生用中文给家里写封信，列举了一些人对此活动的看法。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“As some of them devote themselves to Chinese language study at Tongji University in Shanghai, one unique task helps them bridge the miles that lie in between — writing a letter home in Chinese.(当他们中的一些人在上海同济大学致力于汉语学习时，一项独特的任务帮助他们跨越了这条鸿沟——用中文给家里写信)”可知，同济大学要求国际学生用中文给家里写封信。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段““At first, this activity was operated in a few classes. But when other students saw the letters on show, they began to write home letters on their own,” explained Zong Qian, director of the International School of the university.(“起初，这个活动是在几个班级进行的。但当其他学生看到展出的信件时，他们开始自己写家信，”该校国际学院院长宗倩解释说)”可知，写信回家的活动花费了一些努力才得到发扬。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“As the letters started coming in, the teachers were impressed and touched by the students’ efforts to express emotions across cultures. “We realized that these letters offered a special window into the students’ experiences and growth in China,” said Zong. “The letters were very moving to read.”(随着信件陆续寄来，老师们被学生们跨文化表达情感的努力打动了。宗说：“我们意识到，这些信件为学生们在中国的经历和成长提供了一个特殊的窗口。”“这些信读起来非常感人。”)”可知，宗倩认为学生们的来信非常感人。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Neth Chanranuth from Cambodia described his progress after settling in: “Time flies and my Chinese language ability has improved a lot. I’ve gradually adapted to life in China.”(来自柬埔寨的Neth Chanranuth描述了他在定居后的进步：“时光飞逝，我的中文能力有了很大的提高。我已经逐渐适应了中国的生活。”)”可知，Neth Chanranuth对他的中文学习感到满意。故选B。 重难语篇拔高练 （23-24高一下·湖南长沙·期中）The dry land in Gir National Park and Wildlife Preserve, located near India western tip, is the proud — and only — home of the Asiatic lion (亚洲狮). By the early 1900s, however, their populations had decreased for homo loss and hunting, leaving fewer than 50 known individuals alive. Though their numbers have risen over the past several decades — climbing to around 670 in2020, a successful story — the lions are still considered endangered. One of the biggest challenges to keep the lions’ future is to track them, a hard work. Some animals, like tigers and zebras, have special coat patterns that provide useful marks to the researchers. But for the Asiatic lions, researchers must look elsewhere. In 2019, Banerjee, who worked for Indias National Tiger Conservation Authority, developed an AI system to recognize the lions with high accuracy (精准). The AI program, SIMBA, has been applied in practice. “It will be a fantastic tool for long-term lion monitoring,” says Banerjee. He adds, “It could help forest officials arrive at a more accurate estimate (评估) of Gir’s lion population. In a few years, the group will have a rich collection of information — how many lions are male, female, how many will bear babies and how many are dead.” Despite the advantages, Baneijee also adds his worries. He suggests certain rules be made to prevent main information from being stolen. “Where tools like SIMBA really shine”, he says, “is in helping researchers develop monitoring plans that are keys to the protection of at-risk animals,” he says, “otherwise, all your efforts will be in vain.” 1．What is the greatest difficulty in protecting Asiatic lions? A．Stopping them from being killed. B．Keeping track of them. C．Protecting their living environment. D．Increasing their population. 2．How does SIMBA help researchers? A．By providing accurate information. B．By tracking other animals. C．By monitoring the animal stealers. D．By analyzing why lions decrease. 3．What’s Baneijee’s opinion about the AI program in the last paragraph? A．It should be put into wide use right away. B．It has more risks than advantages. C．Its possible risks should be aware of. D．Its disadvantages should be ignored. 4．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Advantages of AI on Protecting Animals. B．An AI Program for Protecting Asiatic Lions. C．The Importance of Protecting Asiatic Lions. D．Measures to Protect Endangered Animals. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人工智能在保护濒危的亚洲狮方面的作用。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“One of the biggest challenges to keep the lions’ future is to track them, a hard work.”（要想保住狮子的未来，最大的挑战之一就是追踪它们，这是一项艰巨的工作。）可知，保护亚洲狮最大的困难是跟踪他们。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“He adds, ‘It could help forest officials arrive at a more accurate estimate (评估) of Gir’s lion population. In a few years, the group will have a rich collection of information — how many lions are male, female, how many will bear babies and how many are dead.’”（他补充说：‘这可以帮助森林官员更准确地估计吉尔的狮子数量。几年后，该组织将收集到丰富的信息——有多少狮子是雄性的，有多少是雌性的，有多少会生育，有多少会死亡。’）可知，SIMBA通过提供狮子准确的信息来帮助研究人员。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Despite the advantages, Baneijee also adds his worries. He suggests certain rules be made to prevent main information from being stolen.”（尽管有这些优势，Baneijee也补充了他的担忧。他建议制定一些规则来防止主要信息被盗。）可知，Baneijee对人工智能项目的看法是应该意识到它可能存在的风险。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“In 2019, Banerjee, who worked for Indias National Tiger Conservation Authority, developed an AI system to recognize the lions with high accuracy (精准). The AI program, SIMBA, has been applied in practice.”（2019年，在印度国家老虎保护局工作的Banerjee开发了一种人工智能系统，可以高精度地识别狮子。人工智能程序SIMBA已经在实践中得到了应用。）可知，本文介绍了保护濒危亚洲狮的人工智能项目。故选B项。 （23-24高一下·安徽马鞍山·期中）It will come as no comfort to a child shivering (打哆嗦) on a playing field on a cold winter’s day. But regular organized school sport helps children in their academic studies in years to come. The researchers said other “structured” activities such as music or religious activities were not as beneficial for attention as taking part in a games lesson. The difference in academic ability was noticeable even at age ten, with those who had taken in sports since the start of junior school performing better than those who hadn’t. The Canadian study looked at children aged six and then ten. Professor Linda Pagani said, “We worked with information provided by parents and teachers to compare kindergarteners’ activities with their classroom activities as they grew up. By the time they reached the fourth grade, kids who played structured sports were clearly better at following instructions and remaining focused in the classroom. There is something special to the sporting environment — perhaps the sense of belonging to a team to a special group with a common goal — that appears to help kids understand the importance of respecting the rules and honoring responsibilities.” Researchers began studying 2,694 Canadian children around the age of six, with teachers filled in questionnaires about their behavior in school. Meanwhile, the children’s parents were interviewed by phone or in person about their home life. The exercise was repeated four years later to test what effect the behavior had. Professor Pagani said, “We found children who had better behavior in the kindergarten class were more likely to be involved in sport by age ten. Nevertheless, we found those children who were specifically involved in team sports at kindergarten scored higher by the time they reached the fourth grade.” The researchers believe sporting activities and attention skills go hand in hand. Professor Pagani added, “The results should be encouraging for schools looking to cut childhood obesity rates and low attainment in schools.” 1．What kinds of children may do better in their academic study according to paragraph one? A．Those who join in structured activities. B．Those who don’t shiver on a cold winter’s day. C．Those who don’t like school sports. D．Those who take part in game lessons. 2．What are kids more likely to do in the sporting environment? A．Understand each other better. B．Follow the rules. C．Respect the teachers. D．Give up. 3．What does the third paragraph mainly tell us? A．How scientists carried out the research. B．Why parents were interviewed by phone. C．How kids behaved at home or at school. D．How many sports kids did at school. 4．What can we infer from Prof. Pagani’s words in the last paragraph? A．The research will be of great benefit. B．It’s necessary for children go to kindergartens. C．Childhood obesity rates can lead to low attainment. D．Team sports will be reduced at kindergartens. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加拿大的一项研究发现，比那些没有参与体育运动的儿童相比，参与体育运动的儿童在学习能力上表现更好，参与体育活动有助于他们集中注意力，了解尊重规则、履行责任的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The researchers said other “structured” activities such as music or religious activities were not as beneficial for attention as taking part in a games lesson. The difference in academic ability was noticeable even at age ten, with those who had taken in sports since the start of junior school performing better than those who hadn’t. (研究人员说，其他“有组织的”活动，如音乐或宗教活动，对注意力的帮助不如参加游戏课。即使在10岁时，学业能力的差异也很明显，那些从初中开始就参加体育运动的人比那些没有参加体育运动的人表现得更好。)”可知，那些参加游戏课的孩子在学业上可能会做得更好。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“There is something special to the sporting environment — perhaps the sense of belonging to a team to a special group with a common goal — that appears to help kids understand the importance of respecting the rules and honoring responsibilities. (体育环境中有一些特殊的东西——也许是属于一个团队，一个有共同目标的特殊群体的感觉——这似乎有助于孩子们理解尊重规则和履行责任的重要性。)”可知，在运动环境中孩子们更有可能学会遵守规则。故选B项。 3．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Researchers began studying 2,694 Canadian children around the age of six, with teachers filled in questionnaires about their behavior in school. Meanwhile, the children’s parents were interviewed by phone or in person about their home life. The exercise was repeated four years later to test what effect the behavior had. (研究人员开始对2694名6岁左右的加拿大儿童进行研究，让老师填写关于他们在学校行为的调查问卷。与此同时，通过电话或亲自采访孩子的父母，了解他们的家庭生活。四年后，为了测试这种行为有什么影响，实验又进行了一次。)”可知，本段主要介绍了科学家是如何进行这项研究的，主要包括研究对象、研究方法和研究时间。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Pagani教授所说的话“The results should be encouraging for schools looking to cut childhood obesity rates and low attainment in schools. (对于那些希望降低儿童肥胖率和成绩不好的学校来说，研究结果应该是令人鼓舞的。)”可知，Pagani教授认为这项研究的结果可以帮助学校解决儿童肥胖率和成绩不好的问题。由此可知，这项研究将大有裨益。故选A项。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 期中复习之说明文15篇 (各地市期中真题) 基础语篇巩固练 （23-24高一下·云南昭通·期中）Showing Respect for Seniors Dads have Father’s Day. Moms have Mother’s Day. Kids have Children’s Day. But, do our grandparents have a special holiday? Yes, they do! The Double Ninth Festival is a special day for elderly people in China. The festival is on the ninth day of the ninth month of the lunar calendar. As the Chinese word for nine has the same sound as the word for long, people take the Double Ninth Festival to show their wishes of long life for elderly people. There are many traditions for this festival. On that day, families get together and climb mountains for luck and in the hope that elderly people will live much longer. They also drink chrysanthemum wine (菊花酒) and wear a plant called zhuyu to celebrate it. Both chrysanthemum and zhuyu are regarded as clean plants that can clean houses and cure diseases. Respecting elderly people is shown not only on this special day but also in daily life. For example, when an older person enters a room, everyone stands up. When there are several guests at the table, the host usually introduces them from the oldest to the youngest. When a younger person is presenting something to an older person, two hands are used. On a crowded subway or bus, younger people always offer their seats to elderly people. It is a traditional virtue in China to respect elderly people. That’s because the Chinese know that elderly people have knowledge and experience that young people can learn from. So, Chinese people are proud of being old. Besides, to respect the elderly people is to respect yourself tomorrow. 1．Which of the following may NOT be a tradition for the Double Ninth Festival? A．Cleaning houses. B．Wearing the plant zhuyu. C．Drinking chrysanthemum wine. D．Families climbing mountains together. 2．What is Paragraph 4 about? A．Why we should respect elderly people. B．Traditional ways of celebrating the festival. C．What young people usually do on this festival. D．Examples of respecting elderly people in daily life. 3．Which is NOT the correct way to respect elderly people? A．We should offer seats to the old while taking a bus. B．We should sit straight when the old come into a room. C．We should use double hands to present things to the old. D．We should introduce the oldest person first while eating at the table. 4．Why are Chinese people proud of being old? A．It means they don’t have to work for others. B．It means they have more virtues than others. C．It means they have knowledge and experience. D．It means what they did in the past was meaningful. （23-24高一下·四川眉山·期中）For most people, the thought of having to watch themselves work out is not an attractive one. Yet as any gym-goer knows, there are always some people who like to enjoy their reflection in the floor-length mirrors. It is perhaps these particular keep-fit lovers who are most excited about the latest trend in home exercise-smart fitness mirrors. These are 180cm or so tall, high-tech mirrors that have a computer which is connected to the Internet, and also work as a video screen. The idea is that people contact an online trainer,who then appears in the mirror along with their reflection. On the more advanced devices the mirror is equipped with cameras, speakers and numerous sensors connected to AI, so the trainer can watch people’s movements, and provide improvements and changes. On the simpler mirrors the video and sound are just one-way — people can see and hear the trainer, but not the other way around. Lessons are typically not live; instead, people just get into a library of online workout videos. But is there any actual advantage in being able to watch yourself work out? Colleen Logan, the US owner of both Nordic Track and ProForm, says, “Seeing themselves in the mirror allows the users to correct their form or position, so they get the best possible benefits of strength exercises and reduce mistakes that could lead to injuries” . However, Dr Anthony Papathomas, a sports and fitness psychologist says there is value to this argument, but that he also has some concerns. He said, “How people who are not confident about their body image feel about the mirror gets me in a fret. It may be a problem for those new to exercise and looking to make a lifestyle change. Even for regular exercisers, there are many who experience body dysmorphia (变形) or eating disorders, and for them, seeing a reflection throughout their exercise might be troubling.” 1．What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about smart fitness mirrors? A．Their target users. B．Their basic functions. C．Their wide popularity. D．Their complex structure. 2．What can be the benefit for exercisers from simpler fitness mirrors? A．Having live workout lessons. B．Exercising with other partners. C．Learning from some trainers at once. D．Taking advantage of workout videos. 3．What does Logan think of the mirror? A．It makes mistakes sometimes. B．It could bring injuries to its users. C．It helps users exercise more properly. D．It can’t be used for strength exercises. 4．Which one is the best title? A．Fitness Mirror: Good or Bad. B．A Good Helper: Fitness Mirror. C．Home Exercise is Coming. D．The Trend of Fitness Mirror. （23-24高一下·江苏苏州·期中）From rolling hills to mountain ranges, views make any road trip memorable, but for blind passengers this is part of the experience they can’t enjoy. Motor company Ford tries to change that. It teamed up with GTB Roma and Aedo Project — to develop a technology that will give those unfortunate passengers a way to feel nature’s beauty through their car windows. The prototype (原型) of the smart car window has a device with an outside-facing camera. With just a press of a button, the system takes a picture of the current view. The colorful picture is then turned into an image with different shades of grey through LED lights, which vibrates (震动) differently. As the finger passes over different regions of the image, its shaking movements provide feedback through the sense of touch to the person using it. The smart window also comes with a voice assistant that uses AI to identify the scene and help the passengers get information on what they’re seeing. “As the prototype started taking shape, we realized we were giving birth to a completely new language that would give blind people a new chance to visualize (使看见) and experience traveling,” Federico Russo, one director of GTB Roma, said. “When the idea was at its first stage, we looked for suppliers all around the world to make it come to life.” He believes the technology can be applied not just in cars. “It could be introduced into schools and institutions for blind people as a tool that could be used in various ways.” The technology may show up in a Ford autonomous vehicle. It’s known that the company is testing their technology and future business model and struggling to figure out how an autonomous vehicle gives passengers the details needed to get from one destination to another. It’s unclear when this technology will be made available. However, the idea of building something for the less advantaged is indeed a kind and influential action. 1．How does the smart car window work? A．By changing shades of colors. B．By recording the view with a camera. C．By classifying shaking movements. D．By translating scenery into vibrations. 2．What does Federico Russo say about the technology? A．It will be used in schools first. B．It will be tested across the world. C．It will have wide application. D．It will understand many languages. 3．What’s the author’s attitude towards the technology? A．Supportive. B．Critical. C．Unconcerned. D．Negative. 4．Which of the following could be the best title for the text? A．AI-based Window Adds Fun to Road Trips B．Smart Window Lets Blind Passengers Feel Views C．Technology Makes the Blind’s Trip Enjoyable D．Ford Develops a System for the Blind to Drive （23-24高一下·广东湛江·期中）A broken heart. A sad ending to a love affair. That’s something most of us have experienced, or probably will After all, it’s part of human life. But no question, the experience can be serious. You might find yourself listening more to sad music, sad songs, or worse, that you’ve been into a sense of hopelessness about life itself. You might feel a sadness, as in Neil Young’s Only Love Can Break Your Heart, or the pain of a lyric (歌词) from Bob Dylan’s Love Sick: “I’m sick of love, I wish I’d never met you.” But research shows there are pathways through the heartache. Listening to sad music is a major one. It can help you begin to feel joy and hopefulness about your life again. It can activate empathy (共鸣) and the desire to connect with others both pathways through the prison of heartache and sadness. That may sound paradoxical (相悖的). Especially if you listen to melancholy music, like Marianelli’s Farewell, or to popular songs and there are plenty of them, across decades and generations: Billie Eilish’s When The Parry’s Over in our present times R.E.M.’s Everybody Hurts, from the 90s. New research finds that and music can help heal (治愈) and uplift you from your broken heart. For example, a recent study from Germany found the emotional impact of listening to and music in a call of feeling of empathy and a desire for positive connection with others. That itself, in psychologically (心理的) healing. The finding links with other studies that show accepting your bad situation emotionally accepting reality as it is stirs healing and growth beyond it. In short, accepting your experience mouses hope. For example, research from Cornell University, described here a published in Psychological Science found that accepting discomfort about a life experience or new situation, and viewing it is a step towards growth and change creates power to find a pathway through it, beyond it. 1．What can we learn about listening to sad music? A．It breaks your heart completely. B．It makes you feel hopeless and lonely. C．it can send you to the prison of sadness. D．It’s an important pathway through the heartache. 2．What does the underlined word “melancholy” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Sad. B．Popular. C．Light. D．Peaceful 3．What should you do when in sad situations according to the last paragraph? A．Accept reality as it is. B．Turn to a psychologist for help. C．Read some books about psychology. D．Get fully prepared and make big changes. 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．The Importance of Music B．How to Heal a Broken Heart C．The Sad Music’s Effect on Heartache D．How to Survive in a Difficult Situation （23-24高一下·广东揭阳·期中）After bikes and umbrellas are made sharable across China, some companies started to focus on the fitness market, so shared gym rooms have hit the streets in Beijing. Unlike common gyms that provide large, open spaces for many members to share at the same time, the newly built shared gym rooms are small, separate rooms for only a person to use at a time, often set up near living communities. Every four-square-meter room provides a treadmill (跑步机), an air cleaner, a mirror, a television and an air conditioner, and users can let down the curtains (窗帘) for privacy. When exercising, users can listen to music, watch movies and check emails by connecting to the Internet by the screen fixed on the treadmill. But there’s no shower. Similar to using a shared bike, users can locate a shared gym room by a smartphone app, book a room in advance and then need to scan a QR code for use. A refundable deposit (保证金) of 99 yuan is required, and users are charged 1 yuan every 5 minutes. The shared gym rooms are created by Misspao, a Beijing-based technology company founded in July. Within several months since it was founded, the company has already raised over 100 million yuan. However, the idea of the shared fitness experience is not totally nascent. Last December, the company VRUN set up shared treadmills in office and apartment buildings. The sharing economy is still becoming popular in China. According to Yicai Global, confident people are pouring millions into sharing start-ups. In March, the State Information Center published a report which predicts that the total value of China’s sharing economy will see a yearly growth of 40% in the coming years, and it is expected to make a great contribution to the country’s GDP. 1．What makes the shared gym room different from the common one? A．Holding one person at a time. B．Standing in the living communities. C．Offering open spaces. D．Having all advanced equipment. 2．What do people need to do to use the shared gym room? A．Pay 100 yuan first. B．Let down curtains for privacy. C．Take a shower before exercise. D．Book a room ahead of time. 3．What does the underlined word “nascent” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Simple. B．Popular. C．Satisfying. D．New. 4．What is the author’s purpose of writing the text? A．To advertise a technology company. B．To introduce shared gym rooms. C．To support the shared gym rooms. D．To predict the future of shared gym rooms. （23-24高一下·上海·期中）In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. The pattern of sharing in tasks and in decisions makes for equality, and this in turn leads to further sharing. In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept that equality more easily than their parents did and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the “battle of the sexes”. If the process goes too far and man’s role is regarded as less important and that has happened in some cases — we are as badly off as before, only in reverse. It is time to reassess the role of the man in the American family. We are getting a little tired of “Momism”- but we don’t want to exchange it for a “neo-popism”. What we need, rather, is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals. There are signs that psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credits, nor all the blame. We have almost given up saying that a woman’s place is in the home. We are beginning, however, to analyze man’s place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child. The family is a cooperative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family needs to work out its own way for solving its own problems. Excessive authoritarianism (权力主义) has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is pertinent (有关系的) not only to a healthy democracy but also to a healthy family. 1．The danger in the sharing of the household tasks by the mother and father is that ________. A．the role of the father may become an inferior one B．the role of the mother may become an inferior one C．the children will grow up believing that life is a battle of the sexes D．the father will be less capable in his profession 2．The author states that bringing up children ________. A．is primarily the mother’s job B．belongs among the duties of the father C．belongs to the one who is free more often D．involves partnership of equals 3．According to the author, the father’s role in the home is ________. A．minor because he is an ineffectual parent B．irrelevant to the healthy development of the child C．pertinent to the healthy development of the child D．identical to the role of the child’s mother 4．With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree? A．A healthy, co-operative family is a basic ingredient of a healthy society. B．Men are basically opposed to sharing household chores. C．Division of household responsibilities is workable only in theory. D．A woman’s place is always in the home. （23-24高一下·云南曲靖·期中）As can be seen on almost any basis, English is the nearest thing that has ever been to a global language. Its worldwide reach is much greater than anything achieved historically by Latin or French, and there has never been a language as widely spoken as English. Although English now appears to be in a powerful position in the modern world, its future as a global language is not necessarily assured. In the Middle Ages, Latin seemed forever to be set as the language of education and culture, as did French in the 18th century. But conditions change, and there are several factors which might make a difference to such a change once again. There is a close link between language and power. The USA, with its huge advantage in economic, technical and cultural terms, is the driving force behind English in the world today. However, if the USA were to lose its position of economic and technical advantage, then the “language loyalties” of other countries may well shift to the new dominant(占优势的)power. Nowadays, perhaps the only possible candidate(候选人)for such a replacement would be China. A change in population (and population growth) trends may prove to be an influential factor. A report by the British Council suggests that the number of people learning English is likely to continue to increase over the next 10-15 years, peaking at around 2 billion, after which a decline(下降)is predicted. Various tries have been made to develop a simpler “controlled” English language suitable for international usage(e.g. Basic English, Plain English, Special English, Essential World English, etc). Increasingly, the long-term future of English as a global language probably lies in the hands of Asia, and especially the huge populations of India and China. 1．What do the underlined words “such a change” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．English may lose its dominant position one day. B．English may not be used in education and culture. C．Latin may be set as the language of education and culture. D．French may be spoken as widely as English in the future. 2．What can be learned from paragraph 2? A．The USA has a great number of Chinese learners. B．Other countries will shift to learn French in the future. C．Population growth influences the number of language learners. D．The position of a language is affected by the power of its country. 3．Why have tries been made to develop a simpler "controlled” English? A．To prove English is changing. B．To show English is still popular. C．To attract more people to use English. D．To lower the cost of learning English. 4．Where is the text probably taken from? A．A novel. B．A magazine. C．A diary. D．A tourist handbook. （23-24高一下·西藏拉萨·期中）Germs (细菌) are everywhere. You can’t see them, but they are on your desk, on your computer, and even in the air! Like people, germs move around the world. They fly with us on planes. When food, clothes, and other things travel around the world, germs travel, too. Some germs are safe, but some are dangerous. Germs cause illnesses like colds and the flu. Warmer Weather Brings Germs The world’s weather is changing. Cooler countries are getting warmer, so insects from hot countries can move there. Some of these insects, like mosquitoes, carry dangerous germs. These germs cause headaches, fever, and can even kill people. Under Your Skin Your skin protects you from germs. It stops some germs, but not all. They can enter your body when you eat, or when you have a cut. Germs are on your hands, too. They enter your body when you touch your eyes, nose, or mouth. Fighting Germs Your immune system (免疫系统) protects you, too. When germs get inside your body, your immune system finds and kills them. Special cells (细胞) move around your body and fight germs. They help you stay healthy. Other cells make antibodies. Antibodies help your body find and stop germs. What can you do to fight germs? You should wash your hands with soap and water. Soap kills many germs, and water washes them away. 1．The underlined word “there” refers to ________. A．cooler countries B．hot countries C．everywhere D．the world 2．Which of the following is right according to the text? A．All germs are dangerous. B．There are more germs in cold places. C．Soap can kill all germs. D．Germs can get into your body. 3．What do antibodies do? A．They kill germs and wash them away. B．They find and develop germs. C．They help protect us from germs. D．They carry dangerous germs. 4．Which can be the best title for this text? A．Germs Are Everywhere B．Weather Is Changing C．Skin Stops Germs D．Germs Are Developed （23-24高一下·陕西渭南·期中）Children who are teased (取笑) for being fat are likely to end up even fatter, according to scientists. Overweight children bullied (欺凌) about their weight put on an average of seven ounces (200g) more body weight every year than children not bullied, a study found. This may be because they eat more to deal with emotional pain, avoid exercise out of embarrassment or gain weight because of a hormone imbalance. Scientists at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences in Maryland, US, surveyed 110 children and tracked their weight for up to 15 years. They were 11 years old on average at the beginning of the study and were either overweight already or had two overweight parents. Almost half (43 percent) said they had been joked about their weight at least once, even if they weren’t already fat themselves. Children even reported being joked by their own parents. It was not clear whether teasing coming from children’s peers or their parents had a worse effect. It said discussing weight in a way which made it sound bad could lead to people eating without control, and create feelings of loneliness. Words such as “fat” “obese” and “extremely obese” were seen as the most undesirable and least motivating. More gentle words, such as “weight” or “unhealthy weight” were regarded as the most motivating for weight loss and the most desirable. Continued efforts should be made to educate the public about the potentially (潜在地) harmful effects of weight-based joking, the researchers said. This may be especially important within families and schools. They added youth is a time of “being increasingly easy to get hurt” and more should be done to help those teased for their weight. 1．Why do bullied fat children become fatter according to the text? A．They don’t care about their weight. B．They are always teased by their parents. C．They deal with emotional pain by eating. D．They have no skills in taking exercise. 2．In the research scientists surveyed the children ________. A．who were fat for almost 5 years B．who were over 11 years old C．who were joked about being fat D．who were overweight or whose parents were 3．What can we learn from paragraph 3? A．Teasing children’s overweight badly does much harm. B．We should not discuss weight in front of fat children. C．Jokes from parents hurt the overweight children more. D．“Unhealthy weight” sounds worse than “extreme weight”. 4．What do the researchers advise people to do? A．Motivate children to lose weight properly. B．Avoid making fun of children for their overweight. C．Help children build positive attitudes to their being fat. D．Realize the harmful effects of overweight. （23-24高一下·四川达州·期中）In the past years the popularity of rock climbing has greatly increased, and so has the number of injuries. It has been estimated that rock climbing is now enjoyed by more than 9 million people in the US each year. Study findings revealed a 65 percent increase in the number of patients that were treated in US emergency departments for rock climbing-related injuries between 2001 and 2021. The study, published in the online issue of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, found that about 40,000 patients were treated in US emergency departments for rock climbing-related injuries between 2001 and 2021. The most common types of rock climbing-related injuries were fractures (骨折) and sprains (扭伤). The ankle was the most common body part to be injured (40 percent). Climbers in the study ranged in age from 2 to 74, with an average age of 26. The study also found that women took up a quarter of the injuries. Falls were the primary reason for injury with over three-quarters of the injuries occurring as the result of a fall. The severity of fall-related injuries had a lot to do with the height of the fall. Patients who were injured after falling from a height over 20 feet were 10 times more likely to be treated than patients who were injured falling from 20 feet or lower. “We found that the climbers who fell from heights higher than 20 feet took up 70 percent of the patients treated for a rock climbing-related injury,” explained the study author Lara McKenzie, PhD, director at the Center for Injury Research and Policy at Nationwide Hospital. “This trend, combined with the fact that rock climbers have a higher hospitalization rate than other sports and recreational injuries, demonstrates the need to increase injury prevention efforts for climbers.” 1．Which body part is most likely to get injured for a climber？ A．The arm. B．The ankle. C．The knee. D．The hand. 2．How many women climbers in America got injured while climbing a rock between 2001 and 2021? A．About 40, 000. B．About 30, 000. C．About 20, 000. D．About 10, 000. 3．The severity of climbers’ fall-related injures is mainly related to ________. A．the height of the fall B．the climber’s age C．the climber’s health conditions D．the climber’s climbing experience 4．The underlined word “demonstrates” in the last paragraph can be replaced by “________”. A．demands B．prevents C．proves D．describes （23-24高一下·陕西西安·期中）ChatGPT, designed by OpenAI to carry on conversations just like humans, has become a viral excitement. The AI-powered tool went from zero to a million users in just five days! Its ability to provide in-depth answers to user questions has even drawn the attention of distinguished technology companies. The intelligent robot understands what the user says or types and then responds in a way that makes sense. Its vast body of knowledge has been gathered from the internet and archived books. It is further trained by humans. This makes ChatGPT a useful tool for researching almost any topic. “We have a lot of information on the internet, but you normally have to Google it, then read it and then do something with it,” says Ricardo, chief science officer and co-founder of AI company Erudit. “Now you’ll have this resource that can process the whole internet and all of the information it contains for you to answer your question.” ChatGPT cannot think on its own. It depends on the information that it has been trained on. As a result; the AI tool works well for things that have accurate data available. However, when unsure, ChatGPT can get creative and flow out incorrect responses. OpenAI cautions users to check the information no matter how logical it sounds. Also, ChatGPT has only been trained with information till 2021. Hence, it cannot be relied upon for anything that happened after that. Experts believe ChatGPT has limitless potential to solve real-world problems. It can translate long texts into different languages, create content on almost any topic, and even summarize books. However, ChatGPT has received mixed reactions from educators. Some believe it could serve as a valuable tool to help build literacy skills in the classroom. It could also be used to teach students difficult science or math concepts. But other educators think ChatGPT will encourage students to cheat. They fear this will prevent them from building critical thinking and problem-solving skills. As a result, many districts are starting to ban its use in schools. 1．What is the unique feature of ChatGPT? A．It has artificial intelligence. B．It can engage in meaningful conversations. C．It has the largest number of users. D．It can answer users' questions. 2．What makes ChatGPT helpful to research various topics? A．Its accurate information. B．Its capability of information processing. C．Its vast body of questions. D．Its availability of up-to-date data. 3．Why do ChatGPT users have to be cautious when using it? A．ChatGPT is unable to think itself. B．ChatGPT lacks creativity. C．ChatGPT offers illogical information. D．ChatGPT is not properly trained. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards ChatGPT? A．Supportive. B．Disapproving. C．Indifferent. D．Objective. （23-24高一下·湖南邵阳·期中） Some parts of our world are bad places of earthquakes. Everyone knows earthquakes usually come without warning. They are really very dangerous, but there are still things you can do to protect yourself. Here is some helpful and practical advice for you. ◆Stay calm as the earth begins to shake. Your chances of survival in an earthquake go up if you can keep calm. Staying calm is not easy, but it can save your life. ◆If you are inside when the earthquake starts, get under a table or a bed. You need to have something strong around you to protect you from falling objects. Do not stand near walls or windows and stay out of the kitchen. The kitchen is dangerous because of many glass objects. ◆If you are outside, get to an open area as fast as you can. Stay away from buildings and trees. If you are in a car, pull over to a place where there are no trees or tall buildings and stay in the car. If you are close to the sea, try to get as far away from the water as possible. Earthquakes can cause huge waves that can really harm and even kill the people nearby. ◆When the earthquake is over, there is still plenty of danger. For example, gas fire often comes with an earthquake. If you see a fire, quickly move outdoors to an open area. Remember to always hope for the best but prepare for the worst. 1．If an earthquake comes, it hardly gives people any ______. A．warning B．danger C．fire D．practice 2．Everyone needs to ______ when they meet with an earthquake. A．stand near a window B．sit under a big tree C．stay calm D．lie in bed 3．The kitchen is a dangerous place during an earthquake because of ______. A．its strong table B．its glass objects C．the water in it D．the open area 4．Why did the author write this article? A．To ask for some practical advice. B．To reduce your chances of survival. C．To get fully prepared before earthquakes. D．To help people protect themselves. （23-24高一下·安徽马鞍山·期末）Every year, hundreds of international students travel thousands of miles to study hard in China, leaving their homes and native languages behind. As some of them devote themselves to Chinese language study at Tongji University in Shanghai, one unique task helps them bridge the miles that lie in between — writing a letter home in Chinese. The letter- home activity has become an annual tradition in Tongji’s pre-university Chinese program. After months of studying vocabulary, grammar, and composition, students from all over the world are tasked with writing a letter to their families, entirely in Chinese. “At first, this activity was operated in a few classes. But when other students saw the letters on show, they began to write home letters on their own,” explained Zong Qian, director of the International School of the university. As the letters started coming in, the teachers were impressed and touched by the students’ efforts to express emotions across cultures. “We realized that these letters offered a special window into the students’ experiences and growth in China,” said Zong. “The letters were very moving to read.” Chipo Bard Shanzuwa Chintu from Zambia wrote about her adjustment to life in Shanghai: “I think Shanghai is beautiful and safe. Learning to write Chinese characters is very challenging but rewarding.” Neth Chanranuth from Cambodia described his progress after settling in: “Time flies and my Chinese language ability has improved a lot. I’ve gradually adapted to life in China.” For the students, letters are a more special way of communication. Once they are received, that physical paper held in hands becomes a lasting memory one can revisit again and again. 1．What unique task are the international students asked to do at Tongji University? A．Learn Chinese vocabulary. B．Study grammar and composition. C．Write a letter home in Chinese. D．Join in the pre- university program. 2．What can we infer about the letter-home activity? A．It took some efforts to get promoted. B．It was run in all the classes at first. C．It offered students a common way to communicate. D．It contributed little to international students’ growth. 3．What did Zong Qian say about the students’ letters? A．They showed little effort. B．They were difficult to read. C．They were very touching. D．They lacked cultural expressions. 4．How did Neth Chanranuth feel about his study in Chinese? A．Disappointed. B．Satisfied. C．Worried. D．Surprised. 重难语篇拔高练 （23-24高一下·湖南长沙·期中）The dry land in Gir National Park and Wildlife Preserve, located near India western tip, is the proud — and only — home of the Asiatic lion (亚洲狮). By the early 1900s, however, their populations had decreased for homo loss and hunting, leaving fewer than 50 known individuals alive. Though their numbers have risen over the past several decades — climbing to around 670 in2020, a successful story — the lions are still considered endangered. One of the biggest challenges to keep the lions’ future is to track them, a hard work. Some animals, like tigers and zebras, have special coat patterns that provide useful marks to the researchers. But for the Asiatic lions, researchers must look elsewhere. In 2019, Banerjee, who worked for Indias National Tiger Conservation Authority, developed an AI system to recognize the lions with high accuracy (精准). The AI program, SIMBA, has been applied in practice. “It will be a fantastic tool for long-term lion monitoring,” says Banerjee. He adds, “It could help forest officials arrive at a more accurate estimate (评估) of Gir’s lion population. In a few years, the group will have a rich collection of information — how many lions are male, female, how many will bear babies and how many are dead.” Despite the advantages, Baneijee also adds his worries. He suggests certain rules be made to prevent main information from being stolen. “Where tools like SIMBA really shine”, he says, “is in helping researchers develop monitoring plans that are keys to the protection of at-risk animals,” he says, “otherwise, all your efforts will be in vain.” 1．What is the greatest difficulty in protecting Asiatic lions? A．Stopping them from being killed. B．Keeping track of them. C．Protecting their living environment. D．Increasing their population. 2．How does SIMBA help researchers? A．By providing accurate information. B．By tracking other animals. C．By monitoring the animal stealers. D．By analyzing why lions decrease. 3．What’s Baneijee’s opinion about the AI program in the last paragraph? A．It should be put into wide use right away. B．It has more risks than advantages. C．Its possible risks should be aware of. D．Its disadvantages should be ignored. 4．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Advantages of AI on Protecting Animals. B．An AI Program for Protecting Asiatic Lions. C．The Importance of Protecting Asiatic Lions. D．Measures to Protect Endangered Animals. （23-24高一下·安徽马鞍山·期中）It will come as no comfort to a child shivering (打哆嗦) on a playing field on a cold winter’s day. But regular organized school sport helps children in their academic studies in years to come. The researchers said other “structured” activities such as music or religious activities were not as beneficial for attention as taking part in a games lesson. The difference in academic ability was noticeable even at age ten, with those who had taken in sports since the start of junior school performing better than those who hadn’t. The Canadian study looked at children aged six and then ten. Professor Linda Pagani said, “We worked with information provided by parents and teachers to compare kindergarteners’ activities with their classroom activities as they grew up. By the time they reached the fourth grade, kids who played structured sports were clearly better at following instructions and remaining focused in the classroom. There is something special to the sporting environment — perhaps the sense of belonging to a team to a special group with a common goal — that appears to help kids understand the importance of respecting the rules and honoring responsibilities.” Researchers began studying 2,694 Canadian children around the age of six, with teachers filled in questionnaires about their behavior in school. Meanwhile, the children’s parents were interviewed by phone or in person about their home life. The exercise was repeated four years later to test what effect the behavior had. Professor Pagani said, “We found children who had better behavior in the kindergarten class were more likely to be involved in sport by age ten. Nevertheless, we found those children who were specifically involved in team sports at kindergarten scored higher by the time they reached the fourth grade.” The researchers believe sporting activities and attention skills go hand in hand. Professor Pagani added, “The results should be encouraging for schools looking to cut childhood obesity rates and low attainment in schools.” 1．What kinds of children may do better in their academic study according to paragraph one? A．Those who join in structured activities. B．Those who don’t shiver on a cold winter’s day. C．Those who don’t like school sports. D．Those who take part in game lessons. 2．What are kids more likely to do in the sporting environment? A．Understand each other better. B．Follow the rules. C．Respect the teachers. D．Give up. 3．What does the third paragraph mainly tell us? A．How scientists carried out the research. B．Why parents were interviewed by phone. C．How kids behaved at home or at school. D．How many sports kids did at school. 4．What can we infer from Prof. Pagani’s words in the last paragraph? A．The research will be of great benefit. B．It’s necessary for children go to kindergartens. C．Childhood obesity rates can lead to low attainment. D．Team sports will be reduced at kindergartens. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$