专题03 词法之时态、语态及非谓语动词 -2025年中考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（上海专用）

专题03 词法之时态、语态及非谓语动词 目录 题型综述 1 解题攻略 2 动词时态 2 被动语态 9 非谓语动词 14 中考练场 23 【题型解读】 初中主要学习的是八种时态，他们分别是，一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时，过去完成时和过去将来时等八种时态。时态是中考一个非常重要的语法知识点。被动语态主要考查不同时态的被动语态和情态动词的被动语态。其中以一般过去时的被动语态、一般现在时的被动语态和一般将来时的被动语态为主，其次涉及到含有情态动词的被动语态和现在完成时的被动语态。本专题目的在于归纳一些高频考题及梳理一些解题技巧，以帮助同学们高效复习。 非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语。非谓语动词包含四种形式，即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。非谓语动词一直是英语学习的难点，也是中考的常考点。 【命题规律】 1.动词和时态（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时），考查时态往往会涉及到谓语动词，再加上动词短语搭配和非谓语动词也是常考点，使得动词成为中考语法考查占比最大的词类。 2.常跟动名词作宾语的动词有： enjoy喜欢；  mind 介意； finish  完成；keep持续；  suggest 建议； practice 练习；consider考虑；                miss错过；imagine想象；avoid避免； deny 否认；risk 冒险；can’t help忍不住；be worth值得；  be busy忙于 ； give up放弃；  succeed in成功，设法；look forward to期待；be used to习惯于； end up以……结束；put off推迟；pay attention to注意；be interested in对……感兴趣 3.现在分词与过去分词的区别 1).在语态上,现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词表示被动意义。 the surprising news令人惊讶的消息 a surprised man一个感到惊讶的人 a moving film一部感人的电影 the moved people被感动的人们 2）.在时间上,现在分词表示正在进行的动作,过去分词表示已经完成的动作。 the developing country发展中国家 the developed country发达国家 the rising sun正在升起的太阳 the risen sun升起来的太阳 4.易混句式have sb.do sth.,have sb.doing sth.和have sth. done的区别 1）.have sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”,have可以用let,make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作,且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。 The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着。 2.have sb. doing sth.表示“使某人作出某种反应”或“劝说/命令某人做某事”;用于否定句时表示“允许/容忍某人做某事”。 Within minutes he had the whole audience laughing and clapping.短短几分钟内他就令全体观众欢笑、鼓掌。 3）.have sth.done意为“让某事被别人做”,即ask sb.else to do sth.,过去分词(done)所表示的动作由他人(非主语本身)来完成。 The driver had his car washed once a week.这个司机一周让人洗一次车。 （一）动词时态 【考点诠释】 考点 考向 考法/命题角度 一般现在时 一般过去时 考察最多的主要集中在 一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时。 1、动词 come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return, stop 等用一般现在时表将来。这主要表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。 例如：The movie starts at six o’clock and ends at 8 o’clock. 2、在时间或条件句中，一般现在时可以表示将来。 3、注意动词过去式的不规则变化 现在进行时 过去进行时 下列动词的现在进行时可以表示将来。如 go, come, fly, leave, start, begin, arrive 等。 例如：My father is arriving at Beijing airport at 3 p.m. tomorrow. 现在完成时 过去完成时 1、注意现在完成时一些标志词，如：already, just, ever, never, before, yet；since 和 for 2、注意区分瞬间动词与延续动词 一般将来时 过去将来时 1、掌握常见时间状语：the next day 2、在宾语从句中，主句过去时，从句的动作发生某个将来的时间。 【典题举隅】 1．（2025·上海浦东新·一模）They _______ at the charity event for homeless animals last summer holiday. A．volunteer B．volunteers C．volunteered D．will volunteer 2．（2025·上海浦东新·一模）While I was doing housework, my little brother _______ games with VR glasses. A．played B．was playing C．plays D．has played 3．（2025·上海黄浦·一模）By the time I called, they ________ their decision about the project. A．have made B．had made C．made D．were making 4．（2025·上海黄浦·一模）She told us that plants ________ sunlight to make food, which is important for their survival. A．needed B．will need C．needs D．need 5．（2025·上海闵行·一模）My father and I ________ a lot of photos at the same place in the past ten years. A．take B．took C．have taken D．had taken 6．（2025·上海金山·一模）Do you still remember what you ________ at eight o’ clock last Saturday evening? A．did B．were doing C．would do D．had done 7．（2025·上海金山·一模）In the past five years, our school library ________ a lot, besides having more books. A．change B．changes C．changed D．has changed 8．（2025·上海崇明·一模）Jennifer ________ to make a cake when her friend Bella came to see her last night. A．was learning B．is learning C．learns D．will learn 9．（2025·上海崇明·一模）—Simon, would you like to see the movie YOLO with me tomorrow? —I’m sorry, Amy. I have work to do; besides, I ________ it already. A．see B．would see C．have seen D．had seen 10．（2025·上海青浦·一模）They ________ their plans for the vacation when I walked into the room. A．discuss B．discussed C．have discussed D．were discussing 11．（2025·上海青浦·一模）Owen ________ a member of this company for over ten years. A．was B．has been C．will be D．had been 12．（2025·上海杨浦·一模）Scientists ________ how the brain keeps memories for many years, and their work continues today. A．study B．studied C．have studied D．were studying 13．（2025·上海杨浦·一模）The thief ________ through the window when the police arrived. A．is climbing B．climbed C．has climbed D．was climbing 14．（2025·上海长宁·一模）I think that the kid will do it better if he ________ another chance. A．will be given B．is given C．has been given D．was given 15．（2025·上海长宁·一模）We ________ a great increase in the use of renewable energy in the past five years. A．have seen B．saw C．had seen D．will see 16．（2025·上海松江·一模）Do you know a spider ________ about 2, 000 insects a year? A．has eaten B．had eaten C．ate D．eats 17．（2025·上海松江·一模）Mum has been working in this school since she ________ from university in 2000. A．graduates B．has graduated C．had graduated D．graduated 18．（2025·上海宝山·一模）There ________ a lecture on Artificial Intelligence (人工智能) in the school hall next Monday. A．is B．has C．will have D．will be 19．（2025·上海宝山·一模）—Miss Zhang, I called you this morning, but you weren’t in the office. Where were you at that time? —Oh, I ________ a foreign friend of mine around the school. A．showed B．would show C．have showed D．was showing 20．（2025·上海虹口·一模）To my surprise, the car engine began to make a funny noise when I ________ home. A．am driving B．was driving C．have driven D．would drive 21．（2025·上海虹口·一模）The weather is terrible here. It ________ every minute since the guests arrived yesterday. A．snows B．snowed C．was snowing D．has snowed 22．（2025·上海静安·一模）Last Sunday, I ________ two hours on a delightful city walk. A．spend B．spent C．spending D．will spend 23．（2025·上海徐汇·一模）Some volunteers ________ the broken branches from the road already. It’s much safer now. A．remove B．have removed C．removed D．are removing 24．（2025·上海徐汇·一模）So far neither of the parcels I sent ________ yet. It’s very strange. A．arrived B．arrive C．has arrived D．will arrive 25．（2025·上海普陀·一模）We ________ a one-week family trip to Harbin in the coming February. A．have B．will have C．had D．have had 26．（2025·上海普陀·一模）This bookmark is a gift from my sister. I ________ it in my diary since three years ago. A．kept B．am keeping C．will keep D．have kept 27．（2025·上海嘉定·一模）While they ________ for the presentation, the power suddenly went out. A．are preparing B．were preparing C．prepared D．have prepared （二）被动语态 【考点诠释】 被动语态结构： 1. 一般现在时 2. 一般过去时 3. 一般将来时 4. 过去将来时 5. 现在进行时 6. 过去进行时 7. 现在完成时 8. 过去完成时 9. 带情态动词 1. The article is written (by her). 2. The article was written (by her). 3. The article will be written (by her). 4. Our teacher said the article would be written (by her). 5. The article is being written (by her). 6. The article was being written (by her). 7. The article has been written (by her). 8. The teacher said the article had been written (by her). 9. The article might be written by her. 还原to 使役动词make /let /have及感官动词hear ,see ,find ,watch, feel, etc的特殊用法 1. Mother often makes me do some housework. →I am often made to do some housework by mother. 2. We saw him run into the classroom. →He was seen to run into the classroom by us. 主动表被动： 1. 不及物动词write, sell, wash, open, lock, read, clean, cut, burn, drive，prove, grow（长得），而且主语为物 2. 大多数系动词：be ,feel (摸起来)，sound(听起来)，look(看起来)，smell(闻起来) ，taste（尝起来）, become, fall (asleep), get, keep, remain, seem, stay, turn, grow (变得), appear (呈现) 等 3. 在need/ want/ require doing或be worth doing句型中 1. This kind of shoes sells well.这种鞋子很好卖。 2. This skirt washes easily. 这件裙子很容易洗。 3. The pen writes well.这支钢笔很好写。 4. Ｔhe skirt feels very soft. 这件裙子摸起来很柔软。 5. The mooncakes taste delicious.(这些月饼尝起来很好吃。) 6. My watch needs mending. = My watch needs to be mended. · need/want/require doing = need/want/require to be done 7. The book is worth reading. (这本书值得一读。) 没有被动语态的词: 1. vi.: happen (= take place), break out(爆发)，break down(坏了), result from(缘于)，belong to, consist of, come true, come out，die ,disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, last, lie, remain, sit, spread（传播）, stand, etc. 2.vt.: cost, fit, have, suit等 3.vt.: 带同源宾语，宾语为反身代词，相互代词  4. vt.: 宾语为不定式或doing 1.The film lasted for 3 hours. 2. Many changes have happened in our hometown. 3. His dream has come true. 4. My photos will come out tomorrow. 5. This car costs 100,000 dollars. 6. We will have a meeting. (但hold a meeting 可以改被动)。 7. She dreamed a bad dream last night.  8. The man introduced himself to everyone. 9. They help each other study English. 10. She likes to swim.  　　 11. She enjoys watching TV. 　  辨认是否为被动语态 “be+过去分词”有时不能表示被动语态,而只能是系表结构。被动语态表示主语为动作的承受者，而系表结构则表示主语的特点或所处的状态。 1. He is pleased / worried / tired /…(系表结构)(他高兴/焦虑/疲劳……) 2. The door was closed last night. (系表结构，强调状态) 3. The door was closed by Tom last night. （被动语态，强调动作） 【典题举隅】 1．（2025·上海嘉定·一模）Shakespeare’s plays on stage more than a million times. A．will be performed B．were performed C．are being performed D．have been performed 2．（2025·上海静安·一模）A speech on AI technology ________ in the coming Tech Festival. A．is given B．was given C．has been given D．will be given 3．（2025·上海长宁·一模）I think that the kid will do it better if he ________ another chance. A．will be given B．is given C．has been given D．was given 4．（24-25九年级上·上海浦东新·期末）A notice ________ on the wall to tell new comers the rules in the library. A．hang B．hangs C．hung D．is hung 5．（2024·上海·模拟预测）The names of the model students ________ on the school noticeboard yesterday. A．has shown B．were shown C．will be shown D．are shown 6．（24-25九年级上·上海·阶段练习）If more houses ___________, the housing problem will soon be solved next year. A．to be built B．will be built C．will build D．are built 7．（24-25九年级上·上海浦东新·期中）Plastic ________ many things. A．are used to make B．used to make C．is used to make D．is used to making 8．（24-25九年级上·上海浦东新·期中）Alice, you ________ on the phone now, please come to my office as quickly as possible. A．want B．are wanting C．are wanted D．have wanted 9．（24-25九年级上·上海浦东新·期中）Great progress ________ in the research of computers in the past twenty years. A．will be made B．was made C．has been made D．is made 10．（24-25九年级上·上海杨浦·期中）Since she won the match, she ________ as one of the best tennis players in the world. A．is recognized B．was recognized C．has been recognized D．will be recognized 11．（24-25九年级上·上海奉贤·期中）After Fengxian Museum ________, it became a new tourist attraction. A．completed B．completes C．is completed D．was completed 12．（24-25九年级上·上海浦东新·阶段练习）A large number of engineers ________ to Africa by our government to help the people there every year. A．have sent B．are sent C．were sent D．send 13．（24-25九年级上·上海闵行·阶段练习）Jane spends half of her pocket money on books. The rest ________ for future use. A．save B．saves C．are saved D．is saved 14．（23-24九年级上·上海青浦·期中）Success _________ if you keep working hard towards your goals . A．achieve B．will achieve C．can be achieved D．was achieved 15．（23-24九年级上·上海闵行·期中）A number of new houses ________ in Wenchuan last year. A．was built B．are built C．were built D．will be built （三）非谓语动词 【考点诠释】 考点 考向 考法/命题角度 不定式 非谓语动词基本用法，及非谓语一般形式；主要考点为动词不定式和动名词，分词少有涉及。 需使用不定式做宾语的动词；省去to 的不定式作宾补的动词；不定式做表语。 动名词 一些常接动名词做宾语的动词及句型 分词 现在分词与过去分词做表语区别 动词不定式 1.作表语；2.信号词：wish, hope, dream, work, task, duty, ambition,etc. etc. 1. My wish is to become a teacher. 2. The first thing I want to do is to visit my grandfather. 作定语 (后置) I have nothing ___________ (send) you. We must never miss the chance _______( show) love for our parents. 1. I have nothing to say about that thing. 2. Sorry, I can’t go with you; I have a lot of clothes to wash. 3. China is the third country to send its astronauts into the space. 作宾语及宾补 1. want/promise/manage/plan/expect decide/choose/refuse/pretend to do sth. 2. make/ let/ have sb. do sth. (注：被动带to) 3. ask/ tell/ order /enable/allow/encourage sb. to do sth. 4. warn sb. not to do sth. 5. would like to do 5. had better (not)do 1. Alice wanted to get another cup of coffee. 2. He told me to be here on time. 3. Our parents often tell us not to swim alone in the river in summer. 4. Paul doesn't have to be made to learn_. He always works hard. 5. You’d better _________(try) this medicine.  作状语  不定式常在句子里作目的、原因和结果状语 如：in order to; so as to He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. （目的状语） He searched the room only to find nothing. （结果状语） I'm glad to see you. （原因状语） 动词不定式与疑问词连用 (1) He doesn’t know how to use the machine.   (不定式作宾语) (2) How to use the machine is a question. (不定式作主语) (3) The question is when to go there. (不定式作表语) (4). The menu has so many good things! I can’t decide which to eat. 不定式的特殊句型： 1.句型：too…to…：太…而不能… 2.句型：be + adj + enough + to do sth.足以做 … 3.句型：It's + adj. + for sb to do sth 4.句型：Why not +动词原形"表达向某人提出建议，翻译为："为什么不……?" 　　 5. 句型：so as (not) to do: 表示目的 6.不定式的否定形式，如:warn sb not to do/never to/in order not to/so as not to等 7..比较：used to do/be used to doing 8..比较：It takes…to do/sb spends…doing He is too excited to speak. The child is old enough to go to schooll. Why not take a holiday? Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. 1. The box is too heavy for me ____ it.  A. carrying   B. carries   C. carry   D. to carry 2.We are often told _____at people in trouble.  A. not to smile  B. to smile     C. not to laugh   D. to laugh 3.Yesterday morning I got up early________ be late for the exam. A. in order to B. in order to not C. so as not to D. so as to 动名词 动名词做宾语 1.信号词：enjoy, keep, mind, finish, practice/ practise; deny; imagine; risk; consider; admit; forgive, avoid; escape; 2. 词组：give up/ be good at/do well in/ can't help/ keep on/feel like/ be used to/refer to/pay attention to/ devote oneself to/get used to/look forward to/ succeed in/ be worth 3.how about/what about +doing 4.prefer doing….to doing /prefer to do....rather than do 5.介词后面+doing 6.固定搭配：go shopping/go dancing/go swimming 1. Mary and I enjoy playing badminton. 2.It's a bit cold. Would you mind my closing all the windows? 3.The new term is coming. They are busy cleaning the classrooms 4.—Mum, I’m hungry.  —What about _____(go) to McDonald’s eating fried chicken? 5. Knives are used for _________(cut) things.  动名词做主语及表语 Walking is good exercise. 走路是很好的运动 My favorite sport is swimming. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳 现在分词 感官动词+sb.+doing see, hear, find, smell, watch, find, listen to, look at, notice, observe I heard someone knocking at the door. I saw him dancing in the hall yesterday. There we found him watching TV. 【典题举隅】 1．（2025·上海浦东新·一模）The STEM course in our school requires students _______ some projects in groups. A．do B．to do C．doing D．to doing 2．（2025·上海浦东新·一模）The driver denied ________ the serious car accident during the police interview. A．cause B．caused C．to cause D．causing 3．（2025·上海黄浦·一模）Although her schedule is busy, Lucy manages ________ her homework on time. A．to finish B．finishing C．finish D．to finishing 4．（2025·上海黄浦·一模）Alice enjoys ________ yoga every morning to feel calm before starting her day. A．to do B．do C．does D．doing 5．（2025·上海闵行·一模）I suggested ________ the foreign students how to use chopsticks. A．teach B．to teach C．teaching D．taught 6．（2025·上海闵行·一模）They happened ________ the famous Chinese tennis player at the airport yesterday. A．saw B．seeing C．see D．to see 7．（2025·上海金山·一模）Mr. Jones expected the insurance company ________ him 300,000 dollars for the vase. A．pay B．pays C．to pay D．not to pay 8．（2025·上海金山·一模）Dave always says ________ is a more important ability than note-taking and memorizing. A．think B．thought C．thinking D．having thought 9．（2025·上海崇明·一模）Mr. White often teaches Jim how to avoid ________ mistakes in his homework. A．make B．makes C．to make D．making 10．（2025·上海崇明·一模）When Ted was about to open his office door, he realized he had forgotten ________ his key. A．bring B．brought C．to bring D．bringing 11．（2025·上海青浦·一模）For a great performance, the boys spent the whole day ________ their instruments. A．practising B．to practise C．practised D．practise 12．（2025·上海青浦·一模）The police officer warned the children not ________ near the busy road. A．play B．to play C．played D．playing 13．（2025·上海杨浦·一模）She stopped ________ when she realized the teacher was not joking. A．laugh B．laughed C．to laugh D．laughing 14．（2025·上海杨浦·一模）The police reminded the public ________ out for pickpockets in crowded areas. A．look B．looked C．to look D．looking 15．（2025·上海长宁·一模）I imagined ________ the problem easily, but it turned out to be much harder. A．solve B．solving C．to solve D．solved 16．（2025·上海松江·一模）I can’t imagine ________ without my favorite book. A．travel B．to travel C．travelling D．travelled 17．（2025·上海松江·一模）Is it necessary for us ________ on clothes before buying them? A．try B．to try C．trying D．tried 18．（2025·上海宝山·一模）I wouldn’t mind ________ a roommate. We can help each other and save money as well. A．have B．had C．to have D．having 19．（2025·上海宝山·一模）Reading brings me a lot of fun and enables me ________ the world deeply. A．understand B．to understand C．understood D．understanding 20．（2025·上海虹口·一模）The Italian organizations have made a plan ________ more tourists to the landmarks. A．attract B．to attract C．attracting D．attracted 21．（2025·上海虹口·一模）Grandpa remembered ________ the key on the table, but he couldn’t find it there. A．leave B．to leave C．leaving D．left 22．（2025·上海静安·一模）The suspect denied ________ Dr. Brown before he went out of the flat. A．met B．meets C．to meet D．meeting 23．（2025·上海静安·一模）Grandparents just called to say that they expected us ________ them very often. A．visit B．visits C．visited D．to visit 24．（2025·上海徐汇·一模）It is getting more difficult ________ tickets for some popular singers’ concerts. A．buy B．buying C．to buy D．bought 25．（2025·上海普陀·一模）The couple were able to finish ________ the house before the guests arrived. A．clean B．to clean C．cleaning D．cleaned 26．（2025·上海普陀·一模）Our English teacher always encourages us ________ questions in his class. A．ask B．asking C．to ask D．asked 27．（2025·上海普陀·一模）With only a few minutes left, they managed ________ the game around. A．turn B．turning C．to turn D．turned 28．（2025·上海嘉定·一模）—Would you mind ________ your notes from yesterday’s lecture? —Not at all. I’d be happy to share. A．share B．to share C．sharing D．shared 29．（2025·上海嘉定·一模）If you are a fan of trains, the National Railway Museum is a great place . A．to visit B．visit C．visiting D．to visiting 30．（2024·上海奉贤·一模）Although the conditions are challenging, the team managed ______ the project on time. A．complete B．to complete C．completing D．completed 1．（2023·上海·中考真题）—Kitty, will you go to the flower show with me tomorrow? —Thank you for asking, but I ________ there already. A．had been B．was C．have been D．will be 2．（2022·上海·中考真题）The three Chinese astronauts _______ safely from space on April 16, 2022. A．returned B．are returning C．have returned D．had returned 3．（2022·上海·中考真题）The new restaurant _______ two surveys on its food and service since June. A．is doing B．will do C．did D．has done 4．（2021·上海·中考真题）The amusement park has received many visitors, ________? A．has it B．hasn’t it C．does it D．doesn’t it 5．（2021·上海·中考真题）The headmaster is not available now. He ________ to the new teachers. A．speaks B．spoke C．is speaking D．was speaking 6．（2021·上海·中考真题）Last weekend, David ________ a visit to his grandparents in the countryside. A．pays B．paid C．will pay D．has paid 7．（2020·上海·中考真题）Mike________the furniture into his new flat this time yesterday. A．would move B．was moving C．has moved D．had moved 8．（2020·上海·中考真题）Every year thousands of tourists________the mountain area to relax themselves. A．visited B．were visiting C．visit D．have visited 9．（2020·上海·中考真题）The ancient town has been open to visitors________about ten years． A．by B．for C．on D．though 10．（2019·上海·中考真题）By the end of last month，Jane enough money for the poor sick boy. A．raised B．would raise C．had raised D．has raised 11．（2019·上海·中考真题）Look!They about the solution to the network problems again. A．argue B．are arguing C．argued D．were arguing 12．（2018·上海·中考真题）The debate on whether to keep pets_____forty minutes yesterday afternoon. A．last B．lasted C．will last D．has lasted 13．（2018·上海·中考真题）The film Operation Red Sea_____a lot of praise since its first show months ago. A．wins B．win C．will win D．has won 14．（2018·上海·中考真题）Michael_________in a school in Yunnan from February to June next year. A．teach B．taught C．will teach D．was teaching 15．（2017·上海·中考真题）（2017 • 上海中考）Several journalists ____________ the lawyer about the international case an hour ago. A．interview B．interviewed C．will interview D．had interviewed 16．（2017·上海·中考真题）（2017 • 上海中考）Some exchange students ____________ with their host families this time yesterday. A．are chatting B．will chat C．were chatting D．have chatted 17．（2016·上海·中考真题）This medicine _______ millions of people’s lives since it was put into use. A．is saving B．will save C．has saved D．had saved 18．（2014·上海·中考真题）Susan and Lily________tomatoes and other vegetables on the farm this time yesterday. A．pick B．are picking C．will pick D．were picking 19．（2014·上海·中考真题）By the end of last week, Maggie _____________ in the west of China for two months helping the homeless children. A．will stay B．has stayed C．would stay D．had stayed 20．（2019·上海·中考真题）Worries in life if you speak out to your close friend. A．will reduce B．were reducing C．will be reduced D．were reduced 21．（2017·上海·中考真题）（2017 • 上海中考）The museum ____________ next month to celebrate the Science & Technology Festival. A．is decorated B．will decorate C．is decorating D．will be decorated 22．（2015·上海·中考真题）Over $30,000 ______ for a children’s hospital by a British girl several months ago. A．is raised B．was raised C．will be raised D．has been raised 23．（2011·上海·中考真题）An official _____ by some reporters on food problems in Shanghai yesterday. A．is interviewing B．is interviewed C．was interviewing D．was interviewed 24．（2023·上海·中考真题）Hanfu Day in our school aims ________ students a taste of traditional Chinese culture. A．offer B．offering C．to offer D．offered 25．（2023·上海·中考真题）The family are busy ________ their living room for the coming Spring Festival. A．decorating B．to decorate C．decorate D．decorated 26．（2022·上海·中考真题）The Internet enables farmers _______ fruits and vegetables across the country. A．sell B．selling C．to sell D．sold 27．（2022·上海·中考真题）The young player spends four hours _______ volleyball every day. A．practise B．practising C．to practise D．practised 28．（2021·上海·中考真题）Michael and his friends practise ________ table tennis after school every day. A．play B．played C．playing D．to play 29．（2021·上海·中考真题）The manager asked his secretary ________ the report before Friday. A．finish B．finishes C．finishing D．to finish 30．（2020·上海·中考真题）Doctors tell us________our hands before and after every meal． A．wash B．washed C．washing D．to wash 31．（2020·上海·中考真题）The engineers will keep________the project with the manager of the company． A．discuss B．discussed C．discussing D．to discuss 32．（2019·上海·中考真题）Would you mind care of my pet fish while I'm away on holiday? A．take B．taken C．to take D．taking 33．（2019·上海·中考真题）The host told a joke at the party and made the guests a lot. A．laugh B．laughing C．to laugh D．laughed 34．（2018·上海·中考真题）Mr. Zhou is good at cooking and he has decided______his own restaurant. A．open B．opened C．to open D．opening 35．（2018·上海·中考真题）Sue practices______the violin hard and often gives wonderful performances. A．play B．played C．to play D．playing 36．（2017·上海·中考真题）Vivian refuses ___________ her children to the weekend training centre for extra classes. A．to send B．sending C．sent D．sends 37．（2017·上海·中考真题）（2017﹒上海）The workers are busy windows to the new building these days. A．fix B．fixed C．fixing D．to fix 38．（2016·上海·中考真题）After she finished ________ the story, Alice wrote a review for her school newspaper. A．read B．reads C．to read D．reading 39．（2015·上海·中考真题）Martin was so busy ______ the old that he gave up his part-time job. A．helping B．helped C．to help D．help 40．（2015·上海·中考真题） My friend invited me ______ the art club , and I accepted it with pleasure. A．join B．to join C．joined D．joining 2 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03 词法之时态、语态及非谓语动词 目录 题型综述 1 解题攻略 2 动词时态 2 被动语态 9 非谓语动词 14 中考练场 23 【题型解读】 初中主要学习的是八种时态，他们分别是，一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时，过去完成时和过去将来时等八种时态。时态是中考一个非常重要的语法知识点。被动语态主要考查不同时态的被动语态和情态动词的被动语态。其中以一般过去时的被动语态、一般现在时的被动语态和一般将来时的被动语态为主，其次涉及到含有情态动词的被动语态和现在完成时的被动语态。本专题目的在于归纳一些高频考题及梳理一些解题技巧，以帮助同学们高效复习。 非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语。非谓语动词包含四种形式，即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。非谓语动词一直是英语学习的难点，也是中考的常考点。 【命题规律】 1.动词和时态（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时），考查时态往往会涉及到谓语动词，再加上动词短语搭配和非谓语动词也是常考点，使得动词成为中考语法考查占比最大的词类。 2.常跟动名词作宾语的动词有： enjoy喜欢；  mind 介意； finish  完成；keep持续；  suggest 建议； practice 练习；consider考虑；                miss错过；imagine想象；avoid避免； deny 否认；risk 冒险；can’t help忍不住；be worth值得；  be busy忙于 ； give up放弃；  succeed in成功，设法；look forward to期待；be used to习惯于； end up以……结束；put off推迟；pay attention to注意；be interested in对……感兴趣 3.现在分词与过去分词的区别 1).在语态上,现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词表示被动意义。 the surprising news令人惊讶的消息 a surprised man一个感到惊讶的人 a moving film一部感人的电影 the moved people被感动的人们 2）.在时间上,现在分词表示正在进行的动作,过去分词表示已经完成的动作。 the developing country发展中国家 the developed country发达国家 the rising sun正在升起的太阳 the risen sun升起来的太阳 4.易混句式have sb.do sth.,have sb.doing sth.和have sth. done的区别 1）.have sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”,have可以用let,make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作,且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。 The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着。 2.have sb. doing sth.表示“使某人作出某种反应”或“劝说/命令某人做某事”;用于否定句时表示“允许/容忍某人做某事”。 Within minutes he had the whole audience laughing and clapping.短短几分钟内他就令全体观众欢笑、鼓掌。 3）.have sth.done意为“让某事被别人做”,即ask sb.else to do sth.,过去分词(done)所表示的动作由他人(非主语本身)来完成。 The driver had his car washed once a week.这个司机一周让人洗一次车。 （一）动词时态 【考点诠释】 考点 考向 考法/命题角度 一般现在时 一般过去时 考察最多的主要集中在 一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时。 1、动词 come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return, stop 等用一般现在时表将来。这主要表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。 例如：The movie starts at six o’clock and ends at 8 o’clock. 2、在时间或条件句中，一般现在时可以表示将来。 3、注意动词过去式的不规则变化 现在进行时 过去进行时 下列动词的现在进行时可以表示将来。如 go, come, fly, leave, start, begin, arrive 等。 例如：My father is arriving at Beijing airport at 3 p.m. tomorrow. 现在完成时 过去完成时 1、注意现在完成时一些标志词，如：already, just, ever, never, before, yet；since 和 for 2、注意区分瞬间动词与延续动词 一般将来时 过去将来时 1、掌握常见时间状语：the next day 2、在宾语从句中，主句过去时，从句的动作发生某个将来的时间。 【典题举隅】 1．（2025·上海浦东新·一模）They _______ at the charity event for homeless animals last summer holiday. A．volunteer B．volunteers C．volunteered D．will volunteer 【答案】C 【详解】句意：去年暑假，他们在为流浪动物举办的慈善活动中做志愿者。 考查时态。根据“last summer holiday”可知，此处指过去发生的事情，句子时态为一般过去时，C项符合。故选C。 2．（2025·上海浦东新·一模）While I was doing housework, my little brother _______ games with VR glasses. A．played B．was playing C．plays D．has played 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当我在做家务的时候，我的小弟弟正在用VR眼镜玩游戏。 考查过去进行时。根据“While I was doing housework”可知，此处while引导时间状语从句，表示两个动作同时进行，从句时态为过去进行时，主句时态也应用过去进行时，其结构为was/were doing；主语为“my little brother”，be动词应用was，动词play的现在分词为playing。故选B。 3．（2025·上海黄浦·一模）By the time I called, they ________ their decision about the project. A．have made B．had made C．made D．were making 【答案】B 【详解】句意：到我打电话的时候，他们已经决定了关于这个项目的事情。 考查时态。根据“By the time I called”可知，主句是发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时，其结构是had done。故选B。 4．（2025·上海黄浦·一模）She told us that plants ________ sunlight to make food, which is important for their survival. A．needed B．will need C．needs D．need 【答案】D 【详解】句意：她告诉我们植物需要阳光去制造养料，这对它们的生存很重要。 考查动词时态。根据“She told us that plants ... sunlight to make food”可知，此处宾语从句部分是客观真理，应用一般现在时，主语为plants，复数，所以动词用原形。故选D。 5．（2025·上海闵行·一模）My father and I ________ a lot of photos at the same place in the past ten years. A．take B．took C．have taken D．had taken 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在过去的十年里，我和父亲在同一个地方拍了很多照片。 考查动词时态。根据“in the past ten years”可知，此句应用现在完成时，其结构是“have/has done”。故选C。 6．（2025·上海金山·一模）Do you still remember what you ________ at eight o’ clock last Saturday evening? A．did B．were doing C．would do D．had done 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你还记得上周六晚上八点你在做什么吗？ 考查动词时态。根据“at eight o’ clock last Saturday evening”可知此处需使用过去进行时，其结构为was/were doing。故选B。 7．（2025·上海金山·一模）In the past five years, our school library ________ a lot, besides having more books. A．change B．changes C．changed D．has changed 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在过去的五年里，我们学校的图书馆除了有更多的书外，还发生了很大的变化。 考查时态。根据“In the past five years”并结合语境可知，此处表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态，应用现在完成时。故选D。 8．（2025·上海崇明·一模）Jennifer ________ to make a cake when her friend Bella came to see her last night. A．was learning B．is learning C．learns D．will learn 【答案】A 【详解】句意：昨晚詹妮弗的朋友贝拉来看她时，她正在学做蛋糕。 考查时态。根据“when her friend Bella came to see her last night.”可知朋友来看她时，她正在学做蛋糕，故主句用过去进行时was/were doing。故选A。 9．（2025·上海崇明·一模）—Simon, would you like to see the movie YOLO with me tomorrow? —I’m sorry, Amy. I have work to do; besides, I ________ it already. A．see B．would see C．have seen D．had seen 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——西蒙，明天你愿意和我一起去看电影《热辣滚烫》吗？——对不起，艾米。我有工作要做；再说，我已经看过了。 考查时态。根据“already”可知，时态是现在完成时，故选C。 10．（2025·上海青浦·一模）They ________ their plans for the vacation when I walked into the room. A．discuss B．discussed C．have discussed D．were discussing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我走进房间时，他们正在讨论度假计划。 考查过去进行时。discuss“讨论”，动词。根据“when I walked into the room”可知，走进房间时，他们正在讨论计划，时态应用过去进行时，其结构为was/were doing；主语为“They”，be动词应用were，动词discuss的现在分词为discussing。故选D。 11．（2025·上海青浦·一模）Owen ________ a member of this company for over ten years. A．was B．has been C．will be D．had been 【答案】B 【详解】句意：Owen在这家公司已经成为会员超过十年。 考查时态。根据“for over ten years”可知此处需用现在完成时，结构为have/has done。故选B。 12．（2025·上海杨浦·一模）Scientists ________ how the brain keeps memories for many years, and their work continues today. A．study B．studied C．have studied D．were studying 【答案】C 【详解】句意：科学家们已经研究了大脑如何保持记忆多年，他们的工作至今仍在继续。 考查时态。根据“for many years, and their work continues today”可知句子用现在完成时have/has done。故选C。 13．（2025·上海杨浦·一模）The thief ________ through the window when the police arrived. A．is climbing B．climbed C．has climbed D．was climbing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：当警察到的时候，那个贼正在爬窗户。 考查动词时态。根据“when the police arrived”可知，此处表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作，应用过去进行时“was/were+动词现在分词”，主语为“The thief”，be动词用was，故选D。 14．（2025·上海长宁·一模）I think that the kid will do it better if he ________ another chance. A．will be given B．is given C．has been given D．was given 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我认为如果再给这个孩子一次机会，他会做得更好。 考查时态和语态。该句是if引导的是条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，因为主语“he”和“give”之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，因此用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为“he”，填is given。故选B。 15．（2025·上海长宁·一模）We ________ a great increase in the use of renewable energy in the past five years. A．have seen B．saw C．had seen D．will see 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在过去的五年里，我们看到可再生能源的使用有了很大的增长。 考查动词时态。根据时间状语“in the past five years.”可知，表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能继续延续下去的动作，所以句子应该用现在完成时，故选A。 16．（2025·上海松江·一模）Do you know a spider ________ about 2, 000 insects a year? A．has eaten B．had eaten C．ate D．eats 【答案】D 【详解】句意：你知道蜘蛛每年大约吃掉2000只昆虫吗？ 考查时态。根据“about 2, 000 insects a year”可知此处描述客观情况，句子用一般现在时，主语是a spider，谓语动词用三单。故选D。 17．（2025·上海松江·一模）Mum has been working in this school since she ________ from university in 2000. A．graduates B．has graduated C．had graduated D．graduated 【答案】D 【详解】句意：妈妈自从2000年大学毕业后就一直在这所学校工作。 考查动词时态。根据“since she ... from university in 2000”可知，since引导的时间状语从句时态用一般过去时，动词应用过去式，故选D。 18．（2025·上海宝山·一模）There ________ a lecture on Artificial Intelligence (人工智能) in the school hall next Monday. A．is B．has C．will have D．will be 【答案】D 【详解】句意：下周一在学校大厅将会有一场关于人工智能的讲座。 考查there be的一般将来时结构。根据“There...next Monday”可知此处是there be的一般将来时，其结构是there will be或there is/are going to be。结合选项可知D项符合，故选D。 19．（2025·上海宝山·一模）—Miss Zhang, I called you this morning, but you weren’t in the office. Where were you at that time? —Oh, I ________ a foreign friend of mine around the school. A．showed B．would show C．have showed D．was showing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——张小姐，我今天早上给你打电话了，但你不在办公室。那时你在哪里？——哦，我在带我的一个外国朋友参观了学校。 考查时态。根据“Where were you at that time?”可知此处表示那时正在带领外国朋友参观，用过去进行时was/were doing。故选D。 20．（2025·上海虹口·一模）To my surprise, the car engine began to make a funny noise when I ________ home. A．am driving B．was driving C．have driven D．would drive 【答案】B 【详解】句意：令我惊讶的是，当我开车回家时，汽车引擎开始发出奇怪的声音。 考查动词时态。分析句子结构可知，此处为when引导的时间状语从句，结合“began”可知，主句时态为一般过去时，从句时态应用过去进行时，结构为was/were doing，主语I为第一人称，be动词用was。故选B。 21．（2025·上海虹口·一模）The weather is terrible here. It ________ every minute since the guests arrived yesterday. A．snows B．snowed C．was snowing D．has snowed 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这里的天气很糟糕。自从客人昨天到达以来，每分钟都在下雪。 考查时态。根据“since the guests arrived yesterday”可知主句用现在完成时have/has done。故选D。 22．（2025·上海静安·一模）Last Sunday, I ________ two hours on a delightful city walk. A．spend B．spent C．spending D．will spend 【答案】B 【详解】句意：上周日，我花了两个小时进行了一次愉快的城市漫步。 考查一般过去时。根据“Last Sunday”可知，事情发生在上周日，应为一般过去时。spend过去式为spent，故选B。 23．（2025·上海徐汇·一模）Some volunteers ________ the broken branches from the road already. It’s much safer now. A．remove B．have removed C．removed D．are removing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：一些志愿者已经把路上折断的树枝移走了。现在安全多了。 考查时态。根据“already”可知，此处应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has done”，主语“Some volunteers”为复数，助动词用have。故选B。 24．（2025·上海徐汇·一模）So far neither of the parcels I sent ________ yet. It’s very strange. A．arrived B．arrive C．has arrived D．will arrive 【答案】C 【详解】句意：到目前为止，我发出的两个包裹都还没有到。这很奇怪。 考查时态。根据“So far”可知，此句应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has done”，主语是“neither of the parcels”，是第三人称单数，助动词应用has。故选C。 25．（2025·上海普陀·一模）We ________ a one-week family trip to Harbin in the coming February. A．have B．will have C．had D．have had 【答案】B 【详解】句意：明年二月，我们将全家去哈尔滨旅行一周。 考查时态。根据“in the coming February”可知，此处表示将来发生的事情，句子时态为一般将来时，B项符合。故选B。 26．（2025·上海普陀·一模）This bookmark is a gift from my sister. I ________ it in my diary since three years ago. A．kept B．am keeping C．will keep D．have kept 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这个书签是我姐姐送给我的礼物。三年前我就把它保存在我的日记里了。 考查时态。根据“since three years ago”可知，此处应用现在完成时，D项符合。故选D。 27．（2025·上海嘉定·一模）While they ________ for the presentation, the power suddenly went out. A．are preparing B．were preparing C．prepared D．have prepared 【答案】B 【详解】句意：正当他们准备报告时，突然停电了。 考查动词的时态。根据“While they...for the presentation, the power suddenly went out.”可知，当他们正在准备报告时，突然停电了，表示过去正在做某事，应用过去进行时was/were doing的结构。故选B。 （二）被动语态 【考点诠释】 被动语态结构： 1. 一般现在时 2. 一般过去时 3. 一般将来时 4. 过去将来时 5. 现在进行时 6. 过去进行时 7. 现在完成时 8. 过去完成时 9. 带情态动词 1. The article is written (by her). 2. The article was written (by her). 3. The article will be written (by her). 4. Our teacher said the article would be written (by her). 5. The article is being written (by her). 6. The article was being written (by her). 7. The article has been written (by her). 8. The teacher said the article had been written (by her). 9. The article might be written by her. 还原to 使役动词make /let /have及感官动词hear ,see ,find ,watch, feel, etc的特殊用法 1. Mother often makes me do some housework. →I am often made to do some housework by mother. 2. We saw him run into the classroom. →He was seen to run into the classroom by us. 主动表被动： 1. 不及物动词write, sell, wash, open, lock, read, clean, cut, burn, drive，prove, grow（长得），而且主语为物 2. 大多数系动词：be ,feel (摸起来)，sound(听起来)，look(看起来)，smell(闻起来) ，taste（尝起来）, become, fall (asleep), get, keep, remain, seem, stay, turn, grow (变得), appear (呈现) 等 3. 在need/ want/ require doing或be worth doing句型中 1. This kind of shoes sells well.这种鞋子很好卖。 2. This skirt washes easily. 这件裙子很容易洗。 3. The pen writes well.这支钢笔很好写。 4. Ｔhe skirt feels very soft. 这件裙子摸起来很柔软。 5. The mooncakes taste delicious.(这些月饼尝起来很好吃。) 6. My watch needs mending. = My watch needs to be mended. · need/want/require doing = need/want/require to be done 7. The book is worth reading. (这本书值得一读。) 没有被动语态的词: 1. vi.: happen (= take place), break out(爆发)，break down(坏了), result from(缘于)，belong to, consist of, come true, come out，die ,disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, last, lie, remain, sit, spread（传播）, stand, etc. 2.vt.: cost, fit, have, suit等 3.vt.: 带同源宾语，宾语为反身代词，相互代词  4. vt.: 宾语为不定式或doing 1.The film lasted for 3 hours. 2. Many changes have happened in our hometown. 3. His dream has come true. 4. My photos will come out tomorrow. 5. This car costs 100,000 dollars. 6. We will have a meeting. (但hold a meeting 可以改被动)。 7. She dreamed a bad dream last night.  8. The man introduced himself to everyone. 9. They help each other study English. 10. She likes to swim.  　　 11. She enjoys watching TV. 　  辨认是否为被动语态 “be+过去分词”有时不能表示被动语态,而只能是系表结构。被动语态表示主语为动作的承受者，而系表结构则表示主语的特点或所处的状态。 1. He is pleased / worried / tired /…(系表结构)(他高兴/焦虑/疲劳……) 2. The door was closed last night. (系表结构，强调状态) 3. The door was closed by Tom last night. （被动语态，强调动作） 【典题举隅】 1．（2025·上海嘉定·一模）Shakespeare’s plays on stage more than a million times. A．will be performed B．were performed C．are being performed D．have been performed 【答案】D 【详解】句意：莎士比亚的戏剧已经在舞台上演出了100多万次。 考查动词的时态和语态。will be performed将被表演，一般将来时的被动语态；were performed被表演，一般过去时的被动语态；are being performed正在被表演，现在进行时的被动语态；have been performed已经被表演，现在完成时的被动语态。根据题干中的“more than a million times”可知，表示动作发生在过去，强调对现在造成的影响，故使用现在完成时。故选D。 2．（2025·上海静安·一模）A speech on AI technology ________ in the coming Tech Festival. A．is given B．was given C．has been given D．will be given 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在即将来到的技术节将会有一个关于AI技术的讲座。 考查一般将来时被动语态。根据“in the coming Tech Festival”可知，本句应该用一般将来时，主语A speech是动作give的承受者，要用一般将来时的被动语态。故选D。 3．（2025·上海长宁·一模）I think that the kid will do it better if he ________ another chance. A．will be given B．is given C．has been given D．was given 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我认为如果再给这个孩子一次机会，他会做得更好。 考查时态和语态。该句是if引导的是条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，因为主语“he”和“give”之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，因此用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为“he”，填is given。故选B。 4．（24-25九年级上·上海浦东新·期末）A notice ________ on the wall to tell new comers the rules in the library. A．hang B．hangs C．hung D．is hung 【答案】D 【详解】句意：墙上挂着一张告示，告诉新来的人图书馆的规则。 考查动词时态和语态。根据“A notice…on the wall to tell new comers the rules in the library.”可知，此处表示告示被挂到墙上，应用一般现在时的被动语态：be＋动词过去分词，主语“A notice”为单数名词，be动词用is。故选D。 5．（2024·上海·模拟预测）The names of the model students ________ on the school noticeboard yesterday. A．has shown B．were shown C．will be shown D．are shown 【答案】B 【详解】句意：昨天学校公告板上显示了模范学生的名字。 考查被动语态。根据主语names和谓语动词show可知是动宾关系，故用被动语态，根据“yesterday”可知，时态是一般过去时，一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。故选B。 6．（24-25九年级上·上海·阶段练习）If more houses ___________, the housing problem will soon be solved next year. A．to be built B．will be built C．will build D．are built 【答案】D 【详解】句意：如果建造更多的房子，住房问题将很快在明年得到解决。 考查被动语态和时态。主语“more houses”和所给谓语动词build构成动宾关系，应用被动语态，其构成为“be done”；句中“If”意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句，从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时，主语“more houses”表示复数，用系动词are构成被动语态。故选D。 7．（24-25九年级上·上海浦东新·期中）Plastic ________ many things. A．are used to make B．used to make C．is used to make D．is used to making 【答案】C 【详解】句意：塑料被用来制造许多东西。 考查被动语态及非谓语动词。be used to do sth.表示“被用来做某事”；used to do表示“过去常常做某事”；be used to doing表示“习惯做某事”。根据“Plastic”可知塑料被用来做东西，应用be used to do sth.，主语“Plastic”是不可数名词，需用单数形式“is”，故选C。 8．（24-25九年级上·上海浦东新·期中）Alice, you ________ on the phone now, please come to my office as quickly as possible. A．want B．are wanting C．are wanted D．have wanted 【答案】C 【详解】句意：爱丽丝，现在有电话找你，请尽快来我办公室。 考查语态。主语Alice和want之间是被动关系，用被动语态，结构为be+动词过去分词。want的过去分词为wanted。故选C。 9．（24-25九年级上·上海浦东新·期中）Great progress ________ in the research of computers in the past twenty years. A．will be made B．was made C．has been made D．is made 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在过去的二十年里，计算机研究取得了很大进展。 考查现在完成时的被动语态。根据“in the past twenty years”可知，句子应用现在完成时，表示在过去的时间里已经完成的事对现在有影响，且主语“Great progress”与动词“make”之间是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态，其结构为：has/have been + 过去分词。故选C。 10．（24-25九年级上·上海杨浦·期中）Since she won the match, she ________ as one of the best tennis players in the world. A．is recognized B．was recognized C．has been recognized D．will be recognized 【答案】C 【详解】句意：自从她赢得这场比赛以来，她就被公认为是世界上最好的网球运动员之一。 考查时态语态。根据“Since she won the match,”可知，本句应使用现在完成时，再根据句意可知，主语和谓语之间是被动关系。故选C。 11．（24-25九年级上·上海奉贤·期中）After Fengxian Museum ________, it became a new tourist attraction. A．completed B．completes C．is completed D．was completed 【答案】D 【详解】句意：奉贤博物馆建成后，它成为了新的旅游胜地。 考查动词的时态和语态。“Fengxian Museum”和“complete”是被动关系，应用被动语态“be done”，排除选项A和B；根据“it became…”可知此处应用一般过去时“was completed”。故选D。 12．（24-25九年级上·上海浦东新·阶段练习）A large number of engineers ________ to Africa by our government to help the people there every year. A．have sent B．are sent C．were sent D．send 【答案】B 【详解】句意：每年，我们政府都会派大批工程师到非洲帮助那里的人民。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据every year可知，句子是一般现在时态，主语engineers与谓语动词之间是被动关系，用被动语态。故选B。 13．（24-25九年级上·上海闵行·阶段练习）Jane spends half of her pocket money on books. The rest ________ for future use. A．save B．saves C．are saved D．is saved 【答案】D 【详解】句意：简把一半的零花钱花在买书上。其余的留作将来使用。 考查动词时态和语态。The rest是指剩下的钱，相当于“money”，是不可数名词，所以谓语动词用单数可排除AC选项；主语“The rest”和动词“save”之间是被动关系，需用被动语态(be done)。故选D。 14．（23-24九年级上·上海青浦·期中）Success _________ if you keep working hard towards your goals . A．achieve B．will achieve C．can be achieved D．was achieved 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如果你继续朝着你的目标不断努力，成功是可以实现的。 考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句子的主语success与动词“achieve”之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；if引导条件状语从句，时态遵循“主将从现”原则，如果主句中含有情态动词时，从句通常用一般现在时，所以此处使用含有情态动词的被动语态（can be done）。故选C。 15．（23-24九年级上·上海闵行·期中）A number of new houses ________ in Wenchuan last year. A．was built B．are built C．were built D．will be built 【答案】C 【详解】句意：去年汶川盖了许多新房子。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“last year”可知，动作发生在过去，主语“houses”与动词“build”之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用were，故选C。 （三）非谓语动词 【考点诠释】 考点 考向 考法/命题角度 不定式 非谓语动词基本用法，及非谓语一般形式；主要考点为动词不定式和动名词，分词少有涉及。 需使用不定式做宾语的动词；省去to 的不定式作宾补的动词；不定式做表语。 动名词 一些常接动名词做宾语的动词及句型 分词 现在分词与过去分词做表语区别 动词不定式 1.作表语；2.信号词：wish, hope, dream, work, task, duty, ambition,etc. etc. 1. My wish is to become a teacher. 2. The first thing I want to do is to visit my grandfather. 作定语 (后置) I have nothing ___________ (send) you. We must never miss the chance _______( show) love for our parents. 1. I have nothing to say about that thing. 2. Sorry, I can’t go with you; I have a lot of clothes to wash. 3. China is the third country to send its astronauts into the space. 作宾语及宾补 1. want/promise/manage/plan/expect decide/choose/refuse/pretend to do sth. 2. make/ let/ have sb. do sth. (注：被动带to) 3. ask/ tell/ order /enable/allow/encourage sb. to do sth. 4. warn sb. not to do sth. 5. would like to do 5. had better (not)do 1. Alice wanted to get another cup of coffee. 2. He told me to be here on time. 3. Our parents often tell us not to swim alone in the river in summer. 4. Paul doesn't have to be made to learn_. He always works hard. 5. You’d better _________(try) this medicine.  作状语  不定式常在句子里作目的、原因和结果状语 如：in order to; so as to He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. （目的状语） He searched the room only to find nothing. （结果状语） I'm glad to see you. （原因状语） 动词不定式与疑问词连用 (1) He doesn’t know how to use the machine.   (不定式作宾语) (2) How to use the machine is a question. (不定式作主语) (3) The question is when to go there. (不定式作表语) (4). The menu has so many good things! I can’t decide which to eat. 不定式的特殊句型： 1.句型：too…to…：太…而不能… 2.句型：be + adj + enough + to do sth.足以做 … 3.句型：It's + adj. + for sb to do sth 4.句型：Why not +动词原形"表达向某人提出建议，翻译为："为什么不……?" 　　 5. 句型：so as (not) to do: 表示目的 6.不定式的否定形式，如:warn sb not to do/never to/in order not to/so as not to等 7..比较：used to do/be used to doing 8..比较：It takes…to do/sb spends…doing He is too excited to speak. The child is old enough to go to schooll. Why not take a holiday? Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. 1. The box is too heavy for me ____ it.  A. carrying   B. carries   C. carry   D. to carry 2.We are often told _____at people in trouble.  A. not to smile  B. to smile     C. not to laugh   D. to laugh 3.Yesterday morning I got up early________ be late for the exam. A. in order to B. in order to not C. so as not to D. so as to 动名词 动名词做宾语 1.信号词：enjoy, keep, mind, finish, practice/ practise; deny; imagine; risk; consider; admit; forgive, avoid; escape; 2. 词组：give up/ be good at/do well in/ can't help/ keep on/feel like/ be used to/refer to/pay attention to/ devote oneself to/get used to/look forward to/ succeed in/ be worth 3.how about/what about +doing 4.prefer doing….to doing /prefer to do....rather than do 5.介词后面+doing 6.固定搭配：go shopping/go dancing/go swimming 1. Mary and I enjoy playing badminton. 2.It's a bit cold. Would you mind my closing all the windows? 3.The new term is coming. They are busy cleaning the classrooms 4.—Mum, I’m hungry.  —What about _____(go) to McDonald’s eating fried chicken? 5. Knives are used for _________(cut) things.  动名词做主语及表语 Walking is good exercise. 走路是很好的运动 My favorite sport is swimming. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳 现在分词 感官动词+sb.+doing see, hear, find, smell, watch, find, listen to, look at, notice, observe I heard someone knocking at the door. I saw him dancing in the hall yesterday. There we found him watching TV. 【典题举隅】 1．（2025·上海浦东新·一模）The STEM course in our school requires students _______ some projects in groups. A．do B．to do C．doing D．to doing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们学校的STEM课程要求学生分组做一些项目。 考查动词非谓语形式。do做，动词原形；to do做，动词不定式；doing做，现在分词或动名词形式；to doing介词+动名词。根据“The STEM course in our school requires students … some projects in groups.”可知，此处考查固定短语require sb. to do sth.“要求某人做某事”。故选B。 2．（2025·上海浦东新·一模）The driver denied ________ the serious car accident during the police interview. A．cause B．caused C．to cause D．causing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：司机在接受警察问话时否认造成严重车祸。 考查非谓语动词。deny doing sth.“否认做某事”，是固定词组。故选D。 3．（2025·上海黄浦·一模）Although her schedule is busy, Lucy manages ________ her homework on time. A．to finish B．finishing C．finish D．to finishing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：虽然露西的日程排得很满，但她还是设法按时完成了作业。 考查非谓语动词。manage to do sth.“设法做某事”。故选A。 4．（2025·上海黄浦·一模）Alice enjoys ________ yoga every morning to feel calm before starting her day. A．to do B．do C．does D．doing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：爱丽丝喜欢每天做瑜伽，为的是在开启一天之前感到平静。 考查动名词用法。根据“Alice enjoys ... yoga ...”可知，enjoy doing sth“喜欢做某事”。故选D。 5．（2025·上海闵行·一模）I suggested ________ the foreign students how to use chopsticks. A．teach B．to teach C．teaching D．taught 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我建议教外国学生如何使用筷子。 考查非谓语动词。suggest doing sth“建议做某事”，所以空处用动词ing形式，故选C。 6．（2025·上海闵行·一模）They happened ________ the famous Chinese tennis player at the airport yesterday. A．saw B．seeing C．see D．to see 【答案】D 【详解】句意：昨天他们在机场碰巧遇到了那位著名的中国网球运动员。 考查动词不定式。saw看见，过去式；seeing看见，现在分词或动名词；see看见，动词原形；to see看见，动词不定式。happen to do sth.表示 “碰巧做某事”，happen to see 表示“碰巧看见”，符合题意，故选D。 7．（2025·上海金山·一模）Mr. Jones expected the insurance company ________ him 300,000 dollars for the vase. A．pay B．pays C．to pay D．not to pay 【答案】C 【详解】句意：琼斯先生期望保险公司为这个花瓶赔付他30万美元。 考查非谓语动词。expect to do sth.意为“期望做某事”，固定词组。故选C。 8．（2025·上海金山·一模）Dave always says ________ is a more important ability than note-taking and memorizing. A．think B．thought C．thinking D．having thought 【答案】C 【详解】句意：戴夫总是说思考是一种比记笔记和记忆更重要的能力。 考查非谓语动词。think认为；thought思想（名词，通常指已形成系统的、具有深度的思想理论），认为（过去式或过去分词）；thinking思考，通常指思考的行为或过程；having thought经过思考。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，此处指思考的行为或过程比记笔记和记忆更重要，空处为所在句的主语，C项符合。故选C。 9．（2025·上海崇明·一模）Mr. White often teaches Jim how to avoid ________ mistakes in his homework. A．make B．makes C．to make D．making 【答案】D 【详解】句意：怀特先生经常教吉姆如何避免在作业中犯错误。 考查非谓语动词。avoid doing sth.“避免做某事”，动词短语，此处应用动名词作宾语。故选D。 10．（2025·上海崇明·一模）When Ted was about to open his office door, he realized he had forgotten ________ his key. A．bring B．brought C．to bring D．bringing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当泰德正要打开办公室的门时，他意识到自己忘了带钥匙。 考查非谓语动词。forget doing sth忘记曾做过某事；forget to do sth“忘记去做某事”，符合语境，故此处应用动词不定式作宾语，指忘记带钥匙。故选C。 11．（2025·上海青浦·一模）For a great performance, the boys spent the whole day ________ their instruments. A．practising B．to practise C．practised D．practise 【答案】A 【详解】句意：为了一场精彩的演出，男孩子们花了一整天的时间练习他们的乐器。 考查动名词。spend time (in) doing sth.表示“花费时间做某事”。因此此空应填动名词。故选A。 12．（2025·上海青浦·一模）The police officer warned the children not ________ near the busy road. A．play B．to play C．played D．playing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：警官警告孩子们不要在繁忙的道路附近玩耍。 考查非谓语动词。warn sb not to do sth“警告某人不要做某事”，故选B。 13．（2025·上海杨浦·一模）She stopped ________ when she realized the teacher was not joking. A．laugh B．laughed C．to laugh D．laughing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：当她意识到老师没有开玩笑的时候她停止大笑。 考查固定搭配，根据“She stopped...when she realized the teacher was not joking.”可知，当她意识到老师没有开玩笑的时候她停止大笑，此处表示停下来正在做的事。此处考查固定搭配stop doing sth.“停止做某事”，故选D。 14．（2025·上海杨浦·一模）The police reminded the public ________ out for pickpockets in crowded areas. A．look B．looked C．to look D．looking 【答案】C 【详解】句意：警察提醒公众在拥挤地区要留意扒手。 考查非谓语动词。根据“The police reminded the public...”可知，remind sb. to do sth.“提醒某人做某事”，这里to look out for...作宾语the public的补足语。故选C。 15．（2025·上海长宁·一模）I imagined ________ the problem easily, but it turned out to be much harder. A．solve B．solving C．to solve D．solved 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我以为可以轻松解决这个问题，但结果要困难得多。 考查非谓语动词。根据“I imagined”可知，imagine doing sth.“想象做某事”，动词短语，此处应用solving。故选B。 16．（2025·上海松江·一模）I can’t imagine ________ without my favorite book. A．travel B．to travel C．travelling D．travelled 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我无法想象没有我最喜欢的书的旅行。 考查非谓语动词。travel旅行；to travel动词不定式；travelling现在分词或动名词；travelled过去式。固定短语imagine doing sth“想象做某事”，此处用动名词做宾语。故选C。 17．（2025·上海松江·一模）Is it necessary for us ________ on clothes before buying them? A．try B．to try C．trying D．tried 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们买衣服之前有必要试穿一下它们吗？ 考查非谓语动词。根据“Is it necessary for us...on clothes”可知，此处是it is+形容词+for sb. to do sth.“某人做某事是……的”，其中it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。故选B。 18．（2025·上海宝山·一模）I wouldn’t mind ________ a roommate. We can help each other and save money as well. A．have B．had C．to have D．having 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我不介意有个室友。我们可以互相帮助，也可以省钱。 考查非谓语动词。mind doing sth.“介意做某事”，动名词作宾语。故选D。 19．（2025·上海宝山·一模）Reading brings me a lot of fun and enables me ________ the world deeply. A．understand B．to understand C．understood D．understanding 【答案】B 【详解】句意：阅读给我带来了很多乐趣，使我能够深入了解世界。 考查非谓语动词。enable sb. to do sth.“使某人能够做某事”，动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选B。 20．（2025·上海虹口·一模）The Italian organizations have made a plan ________ more tourists to the landmarks. A．attract B．to attract C．attracting D．attracted 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这些意大利组织制定了一项计划，以吸引更多的游客前往这些地标。 考查非谓语动词。attract“吸引”，made a plan“做计划”的目的是为了“吸引更多的游客”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故选B。 21．（2025·上海虹口·一模）Grandpa remembered ________ the key on the table, but he couldn’t find it there. A．leave B．to leave C．leaving D．left 【答案】C 【详解】句意：爷爷记得把钥匙放在桌子上了，但他却在那里找不到它。 考查非谓语动词。remember to do sth记得去做某事，强调项任务或活动尚未完成；remember doing sth记得做过某事，强调某项任务或活动已经完成。根据“but he couldn’t find it there.”可知，此处表示记得把钥匙放在了桌子上，动作已经完成，应用leaving，在句中作宾语。故选C。 22．（2025·上海静安·一模）The suspect denied ________ Dr. Brown before he went out of the flat. A．met B．meets C．to meet D．meeting 【答案】D 【详解】句意：嫌疑人否认在走出公寓前见过布朗博士。 考查动名词。deny doing sth“否认做过某事”，空处用meet的动名词形式。故选D。 23．（2025·上海静安·一模）Grandparents just called to say that they expected us ________ them very often. A．visit B．visits C．visited D．to visit 【答案】D 【详解】句意：爷爷奶奶刚打电话来说他们希望我们经常去看他们。 考查非谓语动词。expect sb. to do sth.“期待某人做某事”，是固定词组。故选D。 24．（2025·上海徐汇·一模）It is getting more difficult ________ tickets for some popular singers’ concerts. A．buy B．buying C．to buy D．bought 【答案】C 【详解】句意：一些流行歌手演唱会的票越来越难买了。 考查非谓语动词。根据“It is getting more difficult … tickets”可知，此处为“It is+adj.+to do”句型，其中It为形式主语，不定式为真正的主语。故选C。 25．（2025·上海普陀·一模）The couple were able to finish ________ the house before the guests arrived. A．clean B．to clean C．cleaning D．cleaned 【答案】C 【详解】句意：那对夫妇在客人到达之前能够打扫完屋子。 考查非谓语动词。finish doing sth“做完某事”。故选C。 26．（2025·上海普陀·一模）Our English teacher always encourages us ________ questions in his class. A．ask B．asking C．to ask D．asked 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们的英语老师一直鼓励我们在他的课堂上问问题。 考查动词不定式作宾语补足语。encourage sb to do sth“鼓励某人做某事”，此处应用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选C。 27．（2025·上海普陀·一模）With only a few minutes left, they managed ________ the game around. A．turn B．turning C．to turn D．turned 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在只剩下几分钟的情况下，他们设法扭转了比赛局面。 考查非谓语动词。根据“managed”可知，manage to do sth“设法做成某事”，此处为动词不定式作宾语。故选C。 28．（2025·上海嘉定·一模）—Would you mind ________ your notes from yesterday’s lecture? —Not at all. I’d be happy to share. A．share B．to share C．sharing D．shared 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你介意分享一下你昨天讲课的笔记吗？——一点也不。我很乐意分享。 考查非谓语动词。根据“mind”可知，考查mind doing sth“介意做某事”，此处应用动名词作宾语。故选C。 29．（2025·上海嘉定·一模）If you are a fan of trains, the National Railway Museum is a great place . A．to visit B．visit C．visiting D．to visiting 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果你喜欢火车，国家铁路博物馆是一个值得参观的好地方。 考查非谓语动词。根据“a great place”可知，空处用不定式作后置定语，修饰名词place。故选A。 30．（2024·上海奉贤·一模）Although the conditions are challenging, the team managed ______ the project on time. A．complete B．to complete C．completing D．completed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：尽管条件很有挑战性，但团队还是按时完成了项目。 考查非谓语动词。complete“完成，结束”，动词；根据空前“managed”可知，此处考查manage to do sth.“设法做某事”，固定搭配，因此这里应用动词不定式作宾语。故选B。 1．（2023·上海·中考真题）—Kitty, will you go to the flower show with me tomorrow? —Thank you for asking, but I ________ there already. A．had been B．was C．have been D．will be 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——基蒂，明天你愿意和我一起去看花展吗？——谢谢你的邀请，但我已经去过那里了。 考查现在完成时。根据“already”可知，时态是现在完成时have/has done，表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。故选C。 2．（2022·上海·中考真题）The three Chinese astronauts _______ safely from space on April 16, 2022. A．returned B．are returning C．have returned D．had returned 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这三名中国宇航员于2022年4月16日从太空安全返回。 考查动词时态。根据“April 16, 2022”可知，此句用一般过去时，动词用过去式，故选A。 3．（2022·上海·中考真题）The new restaurant _______ two surveys on its food and service since June. A．is doing B．will do C．did D．has done 【答案】D 【详解】句意：自6月份以来，这家新餐厅就其食物和服务进行了两次调查。 考查动词时态。根据“since June”可知句子是现在完成时，故选D。 4．（2021·上海·中考真题）The amusement park has received many visitors, ________? A．has it B．hasn’t it C．does it D．doesn’t it 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这家游乐园接待了很多游客，不是吗？ 考查反意疑问句。根据has received可知，前半句是现在完成时，是肯定句，后半句用否定形式，助动词用hasn’t ，故选B。 5．（2021·上海·中考真题）The headmaster is not available now. He ________ to the new teachers. A．speaks B．spoke C．is speaking D．was speaking 【答案】C 【详解】句意：校长现在没空。 他正和新来的老师讲话。 考查时态。根据now可知，此处用现在进行时are/am/is+doing，故选C。 6．（2021·上海·中考真题）Last weekend, David ________ a visit to his grandparents in the countryside. A．pays B．paid C．will pay D．has paid 【答案】B 【详解】句意：上周末，大卫去农村看望了他的祖父母。 考查动词时态。根据“Last weekend”可知，时态为一般过去时，动词应用过去式。故选B。 7．（2020·上海·中考真题）Mike________the furniture into his new flat this time yesterday. A．would move B．was moving C．has moved D．had moved 【答案】B 【详解】句意：昨天的这个时候迈克正在把家具搬进他的新居。 考查过去进行时。根据“this time yesterday”，可知句子是过去进行时，结构为was/were+动词的现在分词，主语Mike是第三人称单数。故选B。 8．（2020·上海·中考真题）Every year thousands of tourists________the mountain area to relax themselves. A．visited B．were visiting C．visit D．have visited 【答案】C 【详解】句意：每年都有成千上万的游客到山区来放松自己。 考查动词的时态。visited过去式；were visiting过去进行时；visit参观，动词原形；have visited现在完成时。根据Every year“每年”可知，句子用一般现在时态，主语tourists复数，谓语动词用原形visit。故选C。 9．（2020·上海·中考真题）The ancient town has been open to visitors________about ten years． A．by B．for C．on D．though 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个古镇已经对游客开放了大约十年。 考查介词的用法。by被；for为了；on在上面；though虽然。根据has been可知是现在完成时，for接时间段，10年是个时间段。故选B。 【点睛】 10．（2019·上海·中考真题）By the end of last month，Jane enough money for the poor sick boy. A．raised B．would raise C．had raised D．has raised 【答案】C 【详解】句意：到上个月底，简已经为那个可怜的生病男孩筹到了足够的钱。 A. raised筹钱；B. would raise会筹钱；C. had raised已经筹钱；过去完成时；D. has raised已经筹钱，现在完成时。根据时间状语By the end of last month可知用过去完成时，其结构是had done的形式。根据题意，故选C。 11．（2019·上海·中考真题）Look!They about the solution to the network problems again. A．argue B．are arguing C．argued D．were arguing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：看，他们又在讨论解决网络问题的办法。 A. argue争吵；原形；B. are arguing正在争吵，现在进行时；C. argued争吵，过去式；D. were arguing争吵，过去进行时。根据Look!可知下文是现在进行时，其结构是is/are doing的形式，主语是they，be动词用are。根据题意，故选B。 12．（2018·上海·中考真题）The debate on whether to keep pets_____forty minutes yesterday afternoon. A．last B．lasted C．will last D．has lasted 【答案】B 【详解】句意：关于是否养宠物的争论昨天下午持续了四十分钟。根据 yesterday afternoon 可知此处时态应为一般过去时。故答案为B。 13．（2018·上海·中考真题）The film Operation Red Sea_____a lot of praise since its first show months ago. A．wins B．win C．will win D．has won 【答案】D 【详解】句意：红海行动自几个月前首映以来，赢得了很多好评。since its first show months ago是表示到目前为止的时间段，用在现在完成时态的句子中。故答案为D。 14．（2018·上海·中考真题）Michael_________in a school in Yunnan from February to June next year. A．teach B．taught C．will teach D．was teaching 【答案】C 【详解】句意：米迦勒将于明年二月至六月在云南的一所学校任教。根据时间状语next year判断，句子的时态为一般将来时态，故答案为C。 15．（2017·上海·中考真题）（2017 • 上海中考）Several journalists ____________ the lawyer about the international case an hour ago. A．interview B．interviewed C．will interview D．had interviewed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：几位记者就这件国际案件在一小时前采访了律师。题目末尾的an hour ago一个钟头以前，表示过去的时间，句子要用一般过去时态。A/C/D分别是一般现在时、一般将来时和现在完成时。故选B。 16．（2017·上海·中考真题）（2017 • 上海中考）Some exchange students ____________ with their host families this time yesterday. A．are chatting B．will chat C．were chatting D．have chatted 【答案】C 【详解】句意：昨天这个时候，一些交换生正在和他们的寄宿家庭聊天。 this time yesterday昨天的这个时间，表示过去的某个时间段内正在进行的动作。应该用过去进行时。A是现在进行时、B是一般将来时、D是现在完成时。故选C。 17．（2016·上海·中考真题）This medicine _______ millions of people’s lives since it was put into use. A．is saving B．will save C．has saved D．had saved 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这种药物自从投入使用以来已经挽救了数百万人的生命。since后跟从句，表示“自……以来”，说明的是现在的状况,判断用现在完成时态，故答案为C。 18．（2014·上海·中考真题）Susan and Lily________tomatoes and other vegetables on the farm this time yesterday. A．pick B．are picking C．will pick D．were picking 【答案】D 【详解】句意：明天这个时候苏珊和莉莉在农场摘西红柿及其它蔬菜。表示昨天这个时刻正在做的事，用过去进行时态。故选D。 19．（2014·上海·中考真题）By the end of last week, Maggie _____________ in the west of China for two months helping the homeless children. A．will stay B．has stayed C．would stay D．had stayed 【答案】D 【详解】句意：到上周末为止， Maggie已经在中国西部待了两个月帮助那些无家可归的孩子们。根据句中时间状语By the end of last week是到上周末为止，即到过去时间为止已经完成的动作，所以用过去完成时态，故选D。 20．（2019·上海·中考真题）Worries in life if you speak out to your close friend. A．will reduce B．were reducing C．will be reduced D．were reduced 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如果你和你的密友说话，生活中的忧虑就会减少。 A. will reduce会减少，一般将来时；B. were reducing正在减少，过去进行时；C. will be reduced将被减少，将来时被动语态；D. were reduced被减少，一般过去时态被动语态。这里是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时态，根据主语是Worries可知这里是将来时的被动语态，其结构是will be done的形式。根据题意，故选C。 21．（2017·上海·中考真题）（2017 • 上海中考）The museum ____________ next month to celebrate the Science & Technology Festival. A．is decorated B．will decorate C．is decorating D．will be decorated 【答案】D 【详解】句意：为庆祝即将举行的科学技术节，这个博物馆下个月就要装修。根据题意，博物馆下个月要进行装修，属于打算，应该用一般将来时，排除A和C选项。同时，博物馆是“被装修”，要用decorate的被动语态，即be decorated，而B是主动式，可排除。故选D。 22．（2015·上海·中考真题）Over $30,000 ______ for a children’s hospital by a British girl several months ago. A．is raised B．was raised C．will be raised D．has been raised 【答案】B 【详解】句意：几个月以前，一个英国女孩为一所儿童医院筹集了三万多美元。… ago多久以前，过去的时间，根据several months ago可知用一般过去时态；主语和谓语动词之间是动宾关系，所以用被动语态。所以选择一般过去时态的被动结构，故选B。 23．（2011·上海·中考真题）An official _____ by some reporters on food problems in Shanghai yesterday. A．is interviewing B．is interviewed C．was interviewing D．was interviewed 【答案】D 【详解】考查点：一般过去时的被动语态的用法。 解题思路：由yesterday看出该句子要使用一般过去时，by之后接的是动作的发出者，故该句要使用被动语态，所以答案选D； 24．（2023·上海·中考真题）Hanfu Day in our school aims ________ students a taste of traditional Chinese culture. A．offer B．offering C．to offer D．offered 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们学校的汉服节旨在让学生领略中国传统文化。 考查非谓语动词。aim to do sth.“旨在做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。故选C。 25．（2023·上海·中考真题）The family are busy ________ their living room for the coming Spring Festival. A．decorating B．to decorate C．decorate D．decorated 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这家人正忙着为即将到来的春节装饰他们的客厅。 考查非谓语动词。be busy doing sth. 意为“忙于做某事”，所以用动词ing形式，故选A。 26．（2022·上海·中考真题）The Internet enables farmers _______ fruits and vegetables across the country. A．sell B．selling C．to sell D．sold 【答案】C 【详解】句意：互联网使农民能够在全国各地销售水果和蔬菜。 考查非谓语动词。固定短语enable sb to do sth“使某人能做某事”。故选C。 27．（2022·上海·中考真题）The young player spends four hours _______ volleyball every day. A．practise B．practising C．to practise D．practised 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这位年轻运动员每天花四个小时练习排球。 考查非谓语动词。spend some time (in) doing sth.“花费时间做某事”，应用动名词作宾语。故选B。 28．（2021·上海·中考真题）Michael and his friends practise ________ table tennis after school every day. A．play B．played C．playing D．to play 【答案】C 【详解】句意：迈克尔和他的朋友们每天放学后练习打乒乓球。 考查非谓语动词。practice/practise doing sth练习做某事，因此用动名词作宾语，故选C。 29．（2021·上海·中考真题）The manager asked his secretary ________ the report before Friday. A．finish B．finishes C．finishing D．to finish 【答案】D 【详解】句意：经理要求他的秘书在星期五之前完成报告。 考查非谓语动词。finish完成，动词原形；finishes完成，动词第三人称单数；finishing完成，动词现在分词/动名词；to finish完成，动词不定式。ask sb. to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”，此处用动词不定式。故选D。 30．（2020·上海·中考真题）Doctors tell us________our hands before and after every meal． A．wash B．washed C．washing D．to wash 【答案】D 【详解】句意：医生告诉我们饭前饭后要洗手． 考查动词非谓语的用法。根据句型tell sb to do sth告诉某人做某事，可知不定式to do做宾补。故选D。 【点睛】熟悉不定式的用法，结合题意，给出答案。 31．（2020·上海·中考真题）The engineers will keep________the project with the manager of the company． A．discuss B．discussed C．discussing D．to discuss 【答案】C 【详解】句意：工程师们将继续与公司经理讨论这个项目。 考查非谓语动词。discuss原形；discussed一般过去式、过去分词；discussing动名词、现在分词；to discuss不定式；keep doing sth 继续做某事，可知此处填动名词；故选C。 32．（2019·上海·中考真题）Would you mind care of my pet fish while I'm away on holiday? A．take B．taken C．to take D．taking 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我外出度假时，你介意照看我的宠物鱼吗？ A. take带去，原形；B. taken带去，过去分词；C. to take带去，动词不定式；D. taking带去，现在分词。短语take care of…表示照顾；Would you mind doing sth.表示你介意做某事吗？根据题意，故选D。 33．（2019·上海·中考真题）The host told a joke at the party and made the guests a lot. A．laugh B．laughing C．to laugh D．laughed 【答案】A 【详解】句意：主人在聚会上讲了一个笑话，逗得客人大笑。 A. laugh笑；原形；B. laughing笑，现在分词；C. to laugh笑，动词不定式；D. laughed笑，过去式。短语make sb. do sth.表示使某人做某事。根据题意，故选A。 34．（2018·上海·中考真题）Mr. Zhou is good at cooking and he has decided______his own restaurant. A．open B．opened C．to open D．opening 【答案】C 【详解】句意：周先生擅长烹饪，他决定开一家属于自己的餐馆。decide to do sth.决定去做某事，固定搭配。故答案为C。 35．（2018·上海·中考真题）Sue practices______the violin hard and often gives wonderful performances. A．play B．played C．to play D．playing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：苏练习小提琴很刻苦，经常会有一些精彩的表演。practice doing sth.练习做某事。故答案为D。 36．（2017·上海·中考真题）Vivian refuses ___________ her children to the weekend training centre for extra classes. A．to send B．sending C．sent D．sends 【答案】A 【详解】试题分析：句意：Vivian拒绝把她的孩子送到周末补习班去补课。refuse拒绝，后接名词、代词和动词不定式。refuse to do sth.意为拒绝做某事。A. to send动词不定式；B. sending动名词形式；C. sent是send的过去式；D. sends是三单形式。故选A。 考点：考查动词不定式。 37．（2017·上海·中考真题）（2017﹒上海）The workers are busy windows to the new building these days. A．fix B．fixed C．fixing D．to fix 【答案】C 【详解】句意：工人们最近忙着给新大楼安装窗户。be busy doing sth.忙于做某事，是个固定短语，busy后接动名词形式。故选C。 38．（2016·上海·中考真题）After she finished ________ the story, Alice wrote a review for her school newspaper. A．read B．reads C．to read D．reading 【答案】D 【详解】句意：读完这个故事后，爱丽丝给校报写了一篇评论。 考查非谓语动词。finish doing sth“完成做某事”，动名词作宾语，是固定表达。故选D。 39．（2015·上海·中考真题）Martin was so busy ______ the old that he gave up his part-time job. A．helping B．helped C．to help D．help 【答案】A 【详解】句意：马丁如此忙于帮助老人，以至于他放弃了他的兼职工作。A. helping动词的ingr形式；B. helped动词的过去式；C.to help 动词不定式；D. help动词原形。be busy doing sth,忙于做某事。结合所给选项的形式，故选A。 40．（2015·上海·中考真题） My friend invited me ______ the art club , and I accepted it with pleasure. A．join B．to join C．joined D．joining 【答案】B 【详解】试题分析：句意：我的朋友邀请我参加艺术俱乐部，我愉快地接受了。A. join动词原形；B.to join 动词不定式；C. joined 动词过去式；D.joining动词的ing形式。 invite sb to do sth，邀请某人做某事。结合句意及结构，故选B。 【考点定位】考查动词不定式的用法。 2 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$