专题01 词法之冠词、介词、代词、名词 -2025年中考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练(上海专用)

2025-03-12
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英语中高考研究站
进店逛逛

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专题01 词法之冠词、介词、代词、名词 目录 题型综述 1 解题攻略 3 冠词 3 介词 6 代词 12 名词......................................................................19 中考练场 10 【题型解读】 单项选择题是这些年来中考英语试卷一直采用的一种题型。在英语中考过程中,单项选择的题型虽然比较简单,但同时,这种题型包含了词汇、固定搭配、词形变化和语法等多方面知识。一道单项选择题,不再是单独地测试某一知识点,而是将几个知识点综合起来进行能力考查。中考单项选择题的考点主要分布在:名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、冠词、连词、介词、情态动词;时态、语态;词义辨析、语序、各种不同的从句及交际用语上。 冠词聚焦定冠词 the、不定冠词 a/an 基础用法及零冠词情形,依语境判断冠词使用。代词考查人称、物主、反身、指示、不定代词等用法,区分 it 与 one 指代差异。介词主要考查基本用法、固定搭配及易混介词辨析,如 in、on、at 表时间或地点区别。名词考察考名词单复数、可数与不可数判断、所有格用法,重点考查词义辨析。 【命题规律】 1.考查语法在具体语境中的运用,主要要求对词法,句法的灵活运用。对句子意思的依赖程度不高。 2.冠词注意区分不定冠词a,an以及定冠词the的运用;介词常考的是by,with,without,in,for,near,on,outside等的用法以及介词短语。代词常考反身代词和名词性物主代词;名词重点考查名词的单复数以及名词所有格;形容词副词高频考查比较等级以及副词在句子中的运用;动词高频考查动词不定式,动词的时态和被动语态;简单句主要考查感叹句的用法;复合句重点考查宾语从句以及并列句。 【解题技巧】 一、 定位考点、对症下药 首先要判定此试题是想要考考生的哪方面的知识点、哪方面的能力,判定后再根据自己对知识点的掌握去完成试题。在选择题中,有一部分是对基础知识进行考查的题目,这样的题目我们应该果断选择、果断落笔,以便节省更多的时间去应对难题。 二、排除干扰、分析结构 有很多时候,中考题目中所给出的选项会把易混淆的知识点加入,目的是为考查学生的分析能力。所以,我们要迅速排除干扰选项、速读题干、了解题意、去除干扰项,以便选出正确答案。 三、前呼后应、考虑周全 如今的中考题越来越贴近生活,但有的题型仍需要同学们寻找暗示信息进行选择。这种题型不再是一问一答,是暗藏着决定性的信息,并且所给的选项往往没有语法或构成上的错误,就更需要根据上下文关系,捕捉句子中所暗示的信息。 四、固定搭配、熟练运用 这一类的习题,既要求学生注重日常生活中固定搭配的积累,又要求学生的熟练运用,只有熟练掌握,才能在看到题目后迅速寻找正确答案。实际上,有些固定搭配就像学习数学的公式一样,我们只要正确熟练的套用结构,即可得出正确答案。因此这类习题似乎更容易完成,但前提是—— “注重积累,灵活运用。” 五、一题多考、观察分析 有些题目看似一题,但却考查了多个知识点,且很多时候两个知识点间又存在着些许联系。试题的综合性增强了,同学们需要分析的内容就增多了,需要把握考点、合理推断,并从语法、时态、惯用法等多方面分析,才能提高准确率。 六、体味语感、感受语境 语言的运用是要将其投入到合适的语境中,每句话都不是孤立存在的,同一语境应用不同的词语可以表达出不同的感受,而学生所应做到的就是通过读句子的内容,用适合的语感完成习题。 (一)冠词 【考点诠释】 冠词是基本考点,经常考查不定冠词a, an和定冠词the的基本用法和固定搭配。解题时,首先看空格后是否有名词,有单数可数名词,搭配后表示泛指时,应考虑不定冠词a/an,此时还应该注意其后的词的第一个音素,如果是元音填an,如果是辅音,则填a;有名词,搭配后表示特指时,应考虑定冠词the;还要看是否是固定搭配。 考点 种类 常见用法 冠词 不定冠词 (a / an) 1. 修饰可数名词单数,表示泛指。以元音音素开头的单词前需要用an,而以辅音音素开头的单词前用a。如:an apple, a banana, an umbrella。 2. 与序数词连用,表示再一,又一”。如:You can try it a second time if you fail. 3. 固定搭配。如:all of a sudden; as a matter of fact; as a result; as a rule; as a whole; at a distance; in a way。 定冠词 (the) 1. 表复指上文提到过的人或物。如:We have a cat and two dogs. The cat is black and the dogs are white. 2. 表特指说话双方都知道的人或物。如: Pass me the dictionary, please. 3. 用于比较级前,特指两个被比较的对象的一个。如:Of the two brothers, the younger is more interesting. 零冠词 1. 记忆口诀:下列情况应免冠,代词限定名词前,专有名词不可数,学科球类三餐饭,复数名词表泛指,两节星期月份前,颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔。 2. 固定搭配。如:lose heart, by chance, in time, catch sight of, in place of。 冠词的活用 1.抽象名词或物质名词具体化。如:a surprise 一件意外的事情;a pleasure一个令人快乐的事情。 2. 序数词前的冠词活用。如:Can you give me a second chance, please? 3.表示乐器的名词前的冠词活用。如:play the piano;play erhu。 【典题举隅】 1.(2025·上海浦东新·一模)Members in the hiking group decided to cross the river—two at _______ time for safety. A.a B.an C.the D./ 2.(2025·上海黄浦·一模)I always give my friend ________ hand when she needs help. A.a B.an C.the D./ 3.(2025·上海闵行·一模)Panda Ya Ya will spend ________ rest of her life in her hometown, China. A.a B.an C.the D./ 4.(2025·上海金山·一模)To ________ blind, dogs are family members as well as their eyes, helping them walk around. A.a B.an C.the D./ 5.(2025·上海青浦·一模)Could you please do me ________ favour and pass this message to John? A.a B.an C.the D./ 6.(2025·上海杨浦·一模)Many apps today are designed to assist ________ blind with daily tasks. A.a B.an C.the D./ 7.(2025·上海长宁·一模)Maria is known as ________ honest girl, and her word is always trusted. A.a B.an C.the D./ 8.(2025·上海松江·一模)It is ________ honour for me to be chosen as a group leader of our class project. A.a B.an C.the D./ 9.(2025·上海宝山·一模)Volunteers are travelling to the disaster area to take care of ________ homeless. A.a B.an C.the D./ 10.(2025·上海虹口·一模)Choosing food of different colors is a great way to add ________ variety to our diet. A.a B.an C.the D./ 11.(2025·上海静安·一模)Young people are showing interest in Guofeng culture for ________ time being. A.a B.an C.the D./ 12.(2025·上海徐汇·一模)Detective Ken spent years dealing with ________ unsolved case from history. A.a B.an C.the D./ 13.(2025·上海普陀·一模)Giving ________ example is a great way to explain a new idea. A.a B.an C./ D.the 14.(2025·上海嘉定·一模)The giraffe’s neck is two meters long—more than half ________ length of its body. A.the B.a C.an D./ (二)介词 【考点诠释】 介词是常见语法考点。学生应该熟练掌握常见介词的基本用法;介词与动词、名词、形容词等的固定搭配。如果名词或者代词在句子中不作主语、表语或者动词的宾语时,其前面一般是填介词。高考通常考查介词与动词、形容词或者名词的搭配。做题时应该先根据上下文和句意推断出设空处的具体意思,然后根据熟记的短语来确定要填的词。在学习的过程中应注意对短语的归纳、积累、比较和记忆。 考点 种类 常见用法 介词 时间介词 基本介词 in (表示一天中某段时间,指天、年、月、季节、周次等), on (表示某一天或星期几,指明具体的时间), at (表示特定的时间、节日、年龄), by (…的时候、到、等到…已经等,用在天、时间的前面) 难点 1. in 与after的用法区别:A.介词in+一段时间用于一般将来时。B.介词after+一段时间用于一般过去时。C.介词after +时间点常用于一般将来时。 2. for 与since的用法区别:A.介词for表示一段时间。B.介词since表示从过去某一时间以来。 3. during与for的用法区别:A.当所指的时间起止分明时用介词during。B.如果一段时间不明确则用介词for。 4. before与by的用法区别:A.介词before表示“在…之前”。B.介词by表示“到…时为止,不迟于…”。 地点介词 基本介词 in, at, on, to 难点 1.at 与in 的用法区别:at表示较小的地方,如家、村、乡村等。in表示较大的地方,如大城市、国家、洲等。 2. at与on的用法区别:at用于门牌号。on用于路名。 3.in, on, to的用法区别:in表示“包含”,如:Beijing is in the north of China. on表示“紧邻”,如:Canada lies on the north of the U.S. to表示“没接触”,如:France lies to the south of England. 方式介词 基本介词 with, in, by 难点 in, with, by的用法区别:in表示“用材料、语言”。如: Can you say it in English? with表示“用工具、某物”如: with a pen。 by表示“用、以、靠、通过…方法”。如:He prefers traveling by car. 方位介词 基本介词 at, in, on, to, beneath, over, under, above, below, in front of / in the front of / behind, between / among, over/across/through 难点 1.in, on, at 的用法区别:in表示“排、行、组”。on表示“左、右”。at表示“前、后”。  2. on, over, above的用法区别:on表示一物放在另一物上面两者紧贴在一起。over表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系,即“在…上方”。介词above表示一般的“高于….”,“在…之上”。 3. under与below的用法区别:under是over的反义词即“在…下方”。below是above的反义词即“低于…” , “在…之下”。 4. across, through, over, past的用法区别:across着重于“从—头或—边到另—头或另—边”,强调从表面穿过。through着重于“穿越” ,强调从一定的空间内穿过。over多表示从“上方越过”。past表示从“面前经过” 。 不用介词的情况 1.当表示时间的词前有this, that时,其前面不用介词,如:this morning 2.当表示时间的词前有next时,其前面不用介词,如: next Sunday 3.当表示时间的词前有last时,其前面不用介词,如:last Sunday 4.当表示时间的词前有one, any, each, every, some或all时,其前面不用介词,如:You can come any day. 【典题举隅】 1.(2025·上海浦东新·一模)City Walk has become extremely popular _______ local people in Shanghai. A.in B.of C.between D.among 2.(2025·上海黄浦·一模)Alice complains ________ the long travel to work, especially when it rains or snows. A.on B.about C.by D.at 3.(2025·上海闵行·一模)You will be surprised ________ how quickly the world around you will change. A.at B.in C.with D.for 4.(2025·上海金山·一模)The boss asked the shop assistant to be patient and polite to the customers ________ work. A.for B.at C.in D.with 5.(2025·上海崇明·一模)A recent survey showed 75% of those questioned were ________ favour of the plan. A.on B.by C.with D.in 6.(2025·上海崇明·一模)The 7th CIIE (进博会) was held in Shanghai ________ November, 2024. A.in B.at C.on D.for 7.(2025·上海青浦·一模)Our future happiness depends ________ the choices we make today. A.by B.on C.for D.with 8.(2025·上海杨浦·一模)The new cartoon is full ________ amazing special effects that make it fun to watch. A.with B.on C.of D.for 9.(2025·上海长宁·一模)A thief broke ________ the shop in our neighborhood last night and stole several expensive items. A.into B.by C.for D.with 10.(2025·上海青浦·一模)Visitors can see amazing ice sculptures in Harbin ________ winter. A.to B.on C.in D.at 11.(2025·上海松江·一模)Though John is thin and ________ average height, he is quite fit. A.on B.in C.of D.with 12.(2025·上海宝山·一模)Yesterday, Sarah was angry ________ her brother for breaking her favourite vase. A.of B.with C.to D.on 13.(2025·上海虹口·一模)I had no idea what was wrong, but my sister seemed angry ________ me for some reason. A.with B.about C.by D.for 14.(2025·上海静安·一模)Look! Dad is angry ________ Tom because he didn’t clean out his bedroom. A.about B.with C.for D.of 15.(2025·上海徐汇·一模)________ 3 o’clock, each group will have the opportunity to present their plan, one at a time. A.Since B.For C.From D.In 16.(2025·上海徐汇·一模)The staff are asked to smile ________ every customer entering the store. A.at B.to C.for D.with 17.(2025·上海普陀·一模)Many people are unaware ________ how much sugar they take in every day. A.of B.on C.for D.at 18.(2025·上海嘉定·一模)Ice hockey is a great team sport that is played by people all ages and abilities. A.with B.in C.on D.Of (3) 代词 【考点诠释】 代词也是常见语法考点。可能考查①宾格形式:在句中作宾语或表语。②形容词性物主代词:在名词前作定语。③名词性物主代词:作主语、宾语或表语。④反身代词、不定代词、指示代词、疑问代词等。 考点 种类 常见用法 代词 人称代词 主格:I, we, you, he, she, they, it 宾格:me, us, you, him, her, them, it 物主代词 形容性物主代词:my, our, your, his, her, their, its,近年对its考查较多,值得重点关注。 名词性物主代词:mine, ours, yours, his, hers, theirs, its 反身代词 形式:myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, herself, himself, themselves, itself, oneself 用法:动词宾语、介词宾语、表语、同位语 动词短语:behave oneself, dress oneself, enjoy oneself, express oneself;介词短语:by oneself, for oneself, in oneself, to oneself,这些固定搭配应该重点记忆。 不定代词 all, both, either, none, neither, each, any,这里要注意并列连词的使用,它也是解题的关键。 some-, any-, no-等+thing, +body的合成代词 many, much, (a) few, (a) little,这里注意所修饰的名词的单复数。 the other, another, the others, others it用法 1. 做形式主语:It is necessary to repeat the whole thing. 2. 做形式宾语:She made it clear (that) we were not welcome. 3. 做宾补:I have made it clear that everybody is not allowed to smoke here. 4. 用于强调句:It’s Spain that he went to, not Portugal. 强调句型中的it也是考查重点之一。 5. 模糊指代:表示一般情况。指代气候、天气、温度、时间、地点、距离等。 【典题举隅】 1.(2025·上海浦东新·一模)With a two-screen phone, you can watch movies on one side and check emails on _______. A.the other B.other C.another D.others 2.(2025·上海黄浦·一模)She opened the door, but there was ________ inside, just an empty room. A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing 3.(2025·上海闵行·一模)They worked for ________ fifteen days and finished the task successfully. A.other B.another C.the other D.others 4.(2025·上海金山·一模)After a four-day stay at home, Steve plans to shop. There is ________ food left in the fridge. A.few B.a few C.little D.a little 5.(2025·上海闵行·一模)My brother enjoys singing and ________ favorite subject is music. A.he B.him C.his D.himself 6.(2025·上海金山·一模)Wait for a bit longer? I need ________ fifteen minutes to finish washing the muddy shoes. A.other B.the other C.others D.another 7.(2025·上海崇明·一模)Teresa searched for the missing gold ring in the house; unfortunately, ________ was found. A.everything B.anything C.nothing D.something 8.(2025·上海崇明·一模)Mr. Green has just come to live in this village, so ________ is known about his life. A.few B.a few C.little D.a little 9.(2025·上海崇明·一模)Tracy asked Mr. Black to teach ________ how to make impressive videos. A.she B.her C.hers D.herself 10.(2025·上海浦东新·一模)She bought some books and decided to send _______ to her friends as gifts. A.theirs B.their C.them D.themselves 11.(2025·上海青浦·一模)The concert lasted only ________ minutes before the power went out. A.few B.little C.a few D.a little 12.(2025·上海杨浦·一模)Of the five memory exercises, two are really hard, and ________ three are much easier. A.other B.the other C.another D.others 13.(2025·上海长宁·一模)Mr. Smith will teach ________ how to write a business letter in the next lesson. A.we B.our C.ours D.us 14.(2025·上海松江·一模)I have two nephews. They call ________ “Auntie” and “Unc”. A.them B.their C.themselves D.theirs 15.(2025·上海松江·一模)I have two cell phones. One is for business. My ________ phone is for private matters. A.other B.another C.the other D.others 16.(2025·上海松江·一模)Is it necessary for us ________ on clothes before buying them? A.try B.to try C.trying D.tried 17.(2025·上海宝山·一模)There is ________ milk left in the fridge. Could you buy some on your way home? A.few B.a few C.little D.a little 18.(2025·上海宝山·一模)After finishing a short video about traditional Chinese customs, Jack planned to make ________ one this term. A.the other B.the others C.other D.another 19.(2025·上海宝山·一模)The program aims to teach children how to protect ________ in emergencies. A.they B.them C.theirs D.themselves 20.(2025·上海虹口·一模)An excuse is a reason you give in order to explain why ________ has been done wrong. A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing 21.(2025·上海静安·一模)—Is this your shoe? —Yes, it is. But where is ________? A.the other B.the others C.other D.another 22.(2025·上海徐汇·一模)We’re always told that ________ can stop a man with a strong will from achieving success. A.anything B.something C.nothing D.everything 23.(2025·上海徐汇·一模)The food in Shanghai is not as hot as ________ in Sichuan. A.it B.that C.one D./ 24.(2025·上海普陀·一模)I’ve already had two cups of coffee, but I can still have ________. A.other B.the other C.others D.another 25.(2025·上海嘉定·一模)After running for an hour, I hardly had ________ energy left to climb the stairs. A.little B.many C.any D.few 26.(2025·上海嘉定·一模)The noise from the construction site made __________ hard for me to focus on reading. A.this B.it C.that D.one 27.(2025·上海嘉定·一模)—I don’t like this shirt. Do you have ____________ one in a different color? —Yes, we have it in blue and green. A.other B.the other C.another D.others (四)名词 【考点诠释】 中考名词的考查也是中考最大考向之一,名词的数、格考查较少,主要考查名词词义辨析,考查单词意义的辨识,用法上的辨异,语境应用。名词的词义辨析及词性转化 1、同类名词词义辨析 A. doctor B.engineer C.writer D.scientist 2、不同类名词词义辨析 A. sign B. need C. reason D. change 3、名词的词性转化 safe-safety; long-length; honest-honesty prove-proof; complain-complaint 名词的数 1、规则的可数名词 1)一般加s 2)以 s,sh,ch,x结尾的加 –es 3)辅音字母 + y结尾的变 y为 ies 4)以 o 结尾的词 +es; 以 o 结尾 +s 5)以f,fe 结尾的多数为-ves; 以f,fe 结尾的少数直接 + s 1. teachers, books, 2. classes,dishes, matches, boxes 3. cities,countries,parties,factories 4. (1) heroes,Negroes,tomatoes,potatoes (2) radios,zoos,bamboos,pianos,kilos,photos 5. (1) leaves,lives,wives,knives,halves,wolves (2) roofs proofs, gulfs, beliefs 2、 不规则的可数名词 1)单复数词形相近 2)fish如表示不同种类的鱼时复数是fishes: 3)以man, woman 修饰名词构成合成词时 4)单复数相同 1.man—men, woman—women, tooth—teeth, foot—feet, child—children, mouse—mice 2. There are many kinds of fishes in that lake. 3.man servant—men servants; woman doctor—women doctors. (*boy/girl students) 4. sheep, fish, deer, means, Chinese, Japanese, works 3、复合名词 1. son-in-law---sons-in-law 2. looker-on—lookers-on 4、字母,阿拉伯数字 1. There are two l’s in the word “ all ”. 2. Your 7’s and 9’s look alike. 3. It happened in the 1960’s /1960s.4. I will not accept your if’s and but’s. 5、定冠词加姓氏的复数 the Turners, the Smiths, the Wangs 6、集体名词 class, family, population, team, crew 1. The class is big.---The class are taking notes in English. 2. The population in China is large. ---- 80% of the population in China are peasants. 7、以s 结尾的学科名词 mathematics , physics, politics, news 8、glasses, trousers类 1. Where are my glasses ? 2. My new pair of trousers is too long. 3. Here are some new pairs of shoes. 9、不可数名词表示“一个”时 1. a piece of news / information / advice / bread / cake / paper / meat / coal 2. a bottle of ink 10、常考不可数名词 information, weather, news, advice, fun,etc. 名词的所有格 1. 一般加’s (1)复合名词只在最后一个词的后面加 ’s (2)表示共同所有的几个名词,只在最后一个词的后面加’s (3)表示各个所有关系的几个名词,在每个名词后分别加’s (4)名词短语只在最后一个词后加 ’s 1.my sister-in-law’s brother. 2.This is Tom, James and Dick’s room. 3.Jenny’s, Jean’s and Mary’s rooms face (to the) south. 4.a quarter of an hour’s talk 2. 有时加of 1)凡不能用’s的情况可用 of表示所属关系 2)当名词有较长的定语时: 1. the City of New York. 2. a map of China. 3. the name of the girl standing at the gate. 4. Have you read the articles of the students who were with us yesterday? 3. 双重所有格 当of前面的名词有不定冠词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词或数词如 a, an, this, that, these, those, two, three, four, any, some, several, no, few ,another等修饰时 1. a poem of Lu Xun’s 2. a friend of his/hers 3. Which novel of Dicken’s are you reading ? 4. some friends of my brothers’ 4.几种特殊情况 1. the key to the door 2. answers to the question 3. the entrance to the station / cinema 4. tickets for the film / movie 【典题举隅】 1.(2025·上海杨浦·一模)We need more ________ to understand how AI can help us in language learning. A.review B.research C.opinion D.article 2.(2025·上海虹口·一模)You can not only get a lot of ________ but also form your own understanding through reading. A.idea B.opinion C.knowledge D.skill 3.(2025·上海静安·一模)He has a wide ________ of history and can answer almost any question about it. A.advice B.knowledge C.news D.skill 4.(24-25九年级上·上海黄浦·阶段练习)Professor Lee gave us much ________ on how to live a low carbon life in big cities. A.tip B.suggestion C.advice D.idea 5.(24-25九年级上·上海宝山·期中)I don’t have much _________ of German history, but I think choice A is most likely. A.knowledge B.joke C.interview D.skill 6.(24-25九年级上·上海杨浦·期中)They have a lot of ________ in their new manager’s abilities. A.opinion B.question C.reason D.trust 7.(24-25九年级上·上海崇明·期中)You can get much ________ about Chinese culture through this book. A.information B.idea C.suggestion D.method 8.(24-25九年级上·上海静安·阶段练习)They speak in a humorous way and make ________ about each other whenever they meet. A.tricks B.mistakes C.jokes D.apologies 9.(2024·上海嘉定·二模)The adventure team discovered a great deal of ________ during their rainforest exploration. A.plants B.beauty C.birds D.insects 10.(2024·上海金山·二模)This article offers much useful ________ on how to lose weight and keep healthy. A.topic B.tip C.suggestion D.information 11.(2024·上海虹口·二模)Mr. Li is glad that his students are making ________ in their studies day by day. A.suggestion B.decision C.plan D.progress 12.(2024·上海奉贤·二模)The famous artist’s ________ of paintings will be shown in the museum next week. A.information B.collection C.attention D.action 13.(2024·上海奉贤·一模)Students don’t seem to have much ______ this term. A.lesson B.idea C.material D.homework 14.(21-22九年级上·上海浦东新·期末)After ________ talk, they decided to go to Beijing on holiday. A.two hour B.two hours C.two-hours D.two hours’ 15.(23-24九年级上·上海长宁·期中)Here is some ________ about traveling abroad for you to read carefully. A.idea B.information C.suggestion D.letter 16.(23-24九年级上·上海闵行·期中)I didn’t sleep well last night because there was too much ________ on the road. A.bicycle B.accident C.traffic D.car 17.(2024·上海崇明·二模)I had to remove some _________ from the house to make room for my new piano. A.desk B.chair C.bookshelf D.furniture 18.(23-24九年级下·上海嘉定·阶段练习)There is only a little ________ in the fridge. That’s not enough for breakfast. A.cake B.milk C.egg D.Vegetable 1.(2023·上海·中考真题)We Chinese have the tradition of respecting ______ old. A.the B./ C.an D.a 2.(2022·上海·中考真题)The young man often gives ________ helping hand to the old in his neighbourhood. A.a B.an C.the D./ 3.(2020·上海·中考真题)Kelly's cheese cakes were sold out within half________hour at the night market. A.a B.an C.the D./ 4.(2019·上海·中考真题)Benjamin has learned that it is not polite to make fun of others. A.a B.an C.the D./ 5.(2018·上海·中考真题)Hurry up! The concert will begin in_________ minute. A.a B.an C.the D./ 6.(2017·上海·中考真题)(2017·上海·27)Christine is selling her house,but on ________ other hand she doesn't want to move. A.a B.an C.the D./ 7.(2016·上海·中考真题)The teenagers had ________ good time in the summer camp in their sister school. A.a B.an C.the D./ 8.(2023·上海·中考真题)The research group consisted ________ three generations of scientists. A.for B.with C.of D.about 9.(2021·上海·中考真题)Many medical workers are busy ________ their work during lunch time. A.to B.of C.from D.with 10.(2020·上海·中考真题)Mr. Smith always encourages his students to be active________class. A.in B.by C.with D.from 11.(2020·上海·中考真题)The ancient town has been open to visitors________about ten years. A.by B.for C.on D.though 12.(2019·上海·中考真题)Frank held his breath the water to search for his ring in the swimming pool. A.at B.by C.over D.under 13.(2018·上海·中考真题)Karen and Lily will go to Russia to watch the 2018 World Cup______July. A.on B.in C.at D.of 14.(2017·上海·中考真题)Shirley is still waiting for her flight to New York City ______________ the airport. A.at B.under C.on D.with 15.(2016·上海·中考真题)The local community center is open_____________ Monday to Saturday. A.in B.from C.for D.on 16.(2016·上海·中考真题)When James arrived at the railway station, he tried to look ____ a place to park his car. A.after B.at C.up D.for 17.(2023·上海·中考真题)I can’t give you any advice on farming because I know ________ about it. A.a few B.few C.a little D.little 18.(2023·上海·中考真题)Kevin wrote two articles on AI technology last year. ________ of them have been published. A.All B.Both C.None D.Either 19.(2022·上海·中考真题)Make sure _______ has the textbooks when the new term starts. A.nobody B.anybody C.somebody D.everybody 20.(2022·上海·中考真题)Your silk scarf is over there. This one is _______. A.I B.me C.my D.mine 21.(2021·上海·中考真题)There was ________ to eat at home, so I went out to get some food. A.anything B.nothing C.something D.everything 22.(2021·上海·中考真题)I haven’t brought my dictionary with me. Can I use ________? A.you B.your C.yours D.yourself 23.(2020·上海·中考真题)Randy wrote two novels.________ of them were made into films. I've seen them. A.None B.Both C.All D.Neither 24.(2020·上海·中考真题)________friend Claude from France is keen on Chinese culture. A.I B.Me C.My D.Mine 25.(2019·上海·中考真题)The New Year Concert was so amazing that left in the middle of it. A.everybody B.anybody C.nobody D.somebody 26.(2019·上海·中考真题)Emma,an actress,has become a superstar because of hard work and talent. A.she B.her C.hers D.herself 27.(2018·上海·中考真题)Catherine has two cousins. One is quiet, and______is noisy. A.another B.the other C.other D.others 28.(2018·上海·中考真题)My father is a good doctor. __________works hard to help his patients. A.He B.Him C.His D.Himself 29.(2017·上海·中考真题)________ knowledge and experience are important to finish that task. A.Either B.Neither C.None D.Both 30.(2017·上海·中考真题)The headmaster introduced ______ to the German visitors before the welcome party. A.we B.us C.our D.ours 31.(2016·上海·中考真题)The retired couple have decided to go to college. It's time for to begin a new life. A.they B.them C.their D.theirs 32.(2016·上海·中考真题)The light went out suddenly. It was very dark and ______ could be seen clearly. A.anything B.something C.nothing D.everything 33.(2023·上海·中考真题)The village is really beautiful. We’ve decided to stay for ________ two days. A.others B.the others C.the other D.another 34.(2019·上海·中考真题)I couldn't get much of the exhibition of clean-energy products from the website. A.news B.photos C.posters D.advertisements 35.(2017·上海·中考真题)Did the policeman give much _______ on how to protect personal information? A.note B.tip C.advice D.book 36.(2013·上海·中考真题)The student didn’t find much__________ about the topic on that website. A.report B.article C.information D.story 2 / 27 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ 专题01 词法之冠词、介词、代词、名词 目录 题型综述 1 解题攻略 3 冠词 3 介词 6 代词 12 名词......................................................................19 中考练场 10 【题型解读】 单项选择题是这些年来中考英语试卷一直采用的一种题型。在英语中考过程中,单项选择的题型虽然比较简单,但同时,这种题型包含了词汇、固定搭配、词形变化和语法等多方面知识。一道单项选择题,不再是单独地测试某一知识点,而是将几个知识点综合起来进行能力考查。中考单项选择题的考点主要分布在:名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、冠词、连词、介词、情态动词;时态、语态;词义辨析、语序、各种不同的从句及交际用语上。 冠词聚焦定冠词 the、不定冠词 a/an 基础用法及零冠词情形,依语境判断冠词使用。代词考查人称、物主、反身、指示、不定代词等用法,区分 it 与 one 指代差异。介词主要考查基本用法、固定搭配及易混介词辨析,如 in、on、at 表时间或地点区别。名词考察考名词单复数、可数与不可数判断、所有格用法,重点考查词义辨析。 【命题规律】 1.考查语法在具体语境中的运用,主要要求对词法,句法的灵活运用。对句子意思的依赖程度不高。 2.冠词注意区分不定冠词a,an以及定冠词the的运用;介词常考的是by,with,without,in,for,near,on,outside等的用法以及介词短语。代词常考反身代词和名词性物主代词;名词重点考查名词的单复数以及名词所有格;形容词副词高频考查比较等级以及副词在句子中的运用;动词高频考查动词不定式,动词的时态和被动语态;简单句主要考查感叹句的用法;复合句重点考查宾语从句以及并列句。 【解题技巧】 一、 定位考点、对症下药 首先要判定此试题是想要考考生的哪方面的知识点、哪方面的能力,判定后再根据自己对知识点的掌握去完成试题。在选择题中,有一部分是对基础知识进行考查的题目,这样的题目我们应该果断选择、果断落笔,以便节省更多的时间去应对难题。 二、排除干扰、分析结构 有很多时候,中考题目中所给出的选项会把易混淆的知识点加入,目的是为考查学生的分析能力。所以,我们要迅速排除干扰选项、速读题干、了解题意、去除干扰项,以便选出正确答案。 三、前呼后应、考虑周全 如今的中考题越来越贴近生活,但有的题型仍需要同学们寻找暗示信息进行选择。这种题型不再是一问一答,是暗藏着决定性的信息,并且所给的选项往往没有语法或构成上的错误,就更需要根据上下文关系,捕捉句子中所暗示的信息。 四、固定搭配、熟练运用 这一类的习题,既要求学生注重日常生活中固定搭配的积累,又要求学生的熟练运用,只有熟练掌握,才能在看到题目后迅速寻找正确答案。实际上,有些固定搭配就像学习数学的公式一样,我们只要正确熟练的套用结构,即可得出正确答案。因此这类习题似乎更容易完成,但前提是—— “注重积累,灵活运用。” 五、一题多考、观察分析 有些题目看似一题,但却考查了多个知识点,且很多时候两个知识点间又存在着些许联系。试题的综合性增强了,同学们需要分析的内容就增多了,需要把握考点、合理推断,并从语法、时态、惯用法等多方面分析,才能提高准确率。 六、体味语感、感受语境 语言的运用是要将其投入到合适的语境中,每句话都不是孤立存在的,同一语境应用不同的词语可以表达出不同的感受,而学生所应做到的就是通过读句子的内容,用适合的语感完成习题。 (一)冠词 【考点诠释】 冠词是基本考点,经常考查不定冠词a, an和定冠词the的基本用法和固定搭配。解题时,首先看空格后是否有名词,有单数可数名词,搭配后表示泛指时,应考虑不定冠词a/an,此时还应该注意其后的词的第一个音素,如果是元音填an,如果是辅音,则填a;有名词,搭配后表示特指时,应考虑定冠词the;还要看是否是固定搭配。 考点 种类 常见用法 冠词 不定冠词 (a / an) 1. 修饰可数名词单数,表示泛指。以元音音素开头的单词前需要用an,而以辅音音素开头的单词前用a。如:an apple, a banana, an umbrella。 2. 与序数词连用,表示再一,又一”。如:You can try it a second time if you fail. 3. 固定搭配。如:all of a sudden; as a matter of fact; as a result; as a rule; as a whole; at a distance; in a way。 定冠词 (the) 1. 表复指上文提到过的人或物。如:We have a cat and two dogs. The cat is black and the dogs are white. 2. 表特指说话双方都知道的人或物。如: Pass me the dictionary, please. 3. 用于比较级前,特指两个被比较的对象的一个。如:Of the two brothers, the younger is more interesting. 零冠词 1. 记忆口诀:下列情况应免冠,代词限定名词前,专有名词不可数,学科球类三餐饭,复数名词表泛指,两节星期月份前,颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔。 2. 固定搭配。如:lose heart, by chance, in time, catch sight of, in place of。 冠词的活用 1.抽象名词或物质名词具体化。如:a surprise 一件意外的事情;a pleasure一个令人快乐的事情。 2. 序数词前的冠词活用。如:Can you give me a second chance, please? 3.表示乐器的名词前的冠词活用。如:play the piano;play erhu。 【典题举隅】 1.(2025·上海浦东新·一模)Members in the hiking group decided to cross the river—two at _______ time for safety. A.a B.an C.the D./ 【答案】A 【详解】句意:徒步旅行小组的成员们为了安全决定一次两人过河。 考查冠词的用法。a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前;an用于以元音音素开头的单词前;the是定冠词表特指;/ 表示零冠词。根据空前“Members in the hiking group decided to cross the river—two”以及空后“for safety”可知,此处表示每次两人过河来保障安全,time“次数”,作可数名词,time以辅音音素开头,不定冠词用a。故选A。 2.(2025·上海黄浦·一模)I always give my friend ________ hand when she needs help. A.a B.an C.the D./ 【答案】A 【详解】句意:当我的朋友需要帮助时,我总是帮助她。 考查冠词用法。a一,泛指,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;an一,泛指,用于元音音素开头的单词前;the特指;/零冠词。根据“I always give my friend…hand”可知,考查give sb a hand“帮助某人”,故选A。 3.(2025·上海闵行·一模)Panda Ya Ya will spend ________ rest of her life in her hometown, China. A.a B.an C.the D./ 【答案】C 【详解】句意:熊猫丫丫将在她的家乡中国度过余生。 考查冠词用法。a一个,不定冠词,表泛指,常用于以辅音音素开头的字母或单词前;an一个,不定冠词,表泛指,常用于以元音音素开头的字母或单词前;the这个,定冠词,表特指;/不填。根据“spend…rest of her life”可知,此处指度过余生,the rest of one’s life“余生”。故选C。 4.(2025·上海金山·一模)To ________ blind, dogs are family members as well as their eyes, helping them walk around. A.a B.an C.the D./ 【答案】C 【详解】句意:对于盲人来说,狗是他们的家人,也是他们的眼睛,帮助他们四处走动。 考查冠词。a泛指一个,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;an泛指一个,用于元音音素开头的单词前;the表示特指;/零冠词。“the+形容词”表示一类人,the blind表示“盲人”。故选C。 5.(2025·上海青浦·一模)Could you please do me ________ favour and pass this message to John? A.a B.an C.the D./ 【答案】A 【详解】句意:请帮我一个忙,把这个信息传达给约翰好吗? 考查冠词。a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前;an用于以元音音素开头的单词前;the为特指。由于favour是以辅音音素开头的可数名词,此处泛指一个忙,用不定冠词a。故选A。 6.(2025·上海杨浦·一模)Many apps today are designed to assist ________ blind with daily tasks. A.a B.an C.the D./ 【答案】C 【详解】句意:如今许多应用程序是为了帮助盲人完成日常任务而设计的。 考查冠词。a“一个”,后接以辅音音素开头发音的名词单数;an“一个”,后接以元音音素开头发音的名词单数;the“这”,定冠词,表示特指。根据“Many apps today are designed to assist...blind with daily tasks.”可知,如今许多应用程序是为了帮助盲人完成日常任务而设计的。the blind“盲人”,指一类人。故选C。 7.(2025·上海长宁·一模)Maria is known as ________ honest girl, and her word is always trusted. A.a B.an C.the D./ 【答案】B 【详解】句意:玛丽亚是出了名的诚实姑娘,她的话总是可信的。 考查冠词辨析。a一,泛指,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;an一,泛指,用于元音音素开头的单词前;the特指。根据“honest girl”可知,此处泛指“一个诚实的女孩”,且honest是元音音素开头的单词。故选B。 8.(2025·上海松江·一模)It is ________ honour for me to be chosen as a group leader of our class project. A.a B.an C.the D./ 【答案】B 【详解】句意:我很荣幸被选为班级项目的组长。 考查冠词。honour是单数名词,且是以元音音素开头,使用不定冠词an,表示泛指。故选B。 9.(2025·上海宝山·一模)Volunteers are travelling to the disaster area to take care of ________ homeless. A.a B.an C.the D./ 【答案】C 【详解】句意:志愿者们正前往灾区照顾无家可归者。 考查冠词。根据“homeless”可知此处指无家可归者,用结构“the+形容词”表示一类人。故选C。 10.(2025·上海虹口·一模)Choosing food of different colors is a great way to add ________ variety to our diet. A.a B.an C.the D./ 【答案】D 【详解】句意:选择不同颜色的食物是增加我们饮食多样性的好方法。 考查冠词。add variety to “增加……的多样性”,中间不加冠词。故选D。 11.(2025·上海静安·一模)Young people are showing interest in Guofeng culture for ________ time being. A.a B.an C.the D./ 【答案】C 【详解】句意:目前,年轻人对国风文化表现出兴趣。 考查冠词。a一个,不定冠词,表泛指,常用于以辅音音素开头的字母或单词前;an一个,不定冠词,表泛指,常用于以元音音素开头的字母或单词前;the这个,定冠词。for the time being“目前”,固定搭配,此处应用the。故选C。 12.(2025·上海徐汇·一模)Detective Ken spent years dealing with ________ unsolved case from history. A.a B.an C.the D./ 【答案】B 【详解】句意:警探Ken花了数年时间处理一个历史上未破的案子。 考查冠词辨析。a不定冠词表泛指,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;an不定冠词表泛指,用于元音音素开头的单词前;the定冠词表示特指;/零冠词,用于三餐以及球类前。根据“dealing with … unsolved case from history”可知,此处应指处理一个历史上未破的案子,并没有特指是哪一具体案件,因此应用不定冠词表示泛指,unsolved为元音音素开头的单词,其前应用an。故选B。 13.(2025·上海普陀·一模)Giving ________ example is a great way to explain a new idea. A.a B.an C./ D.the 【答案】B 【详解】句意:举个例子是解释一个新想法的好方法。 考查冠词。a一,后接以辅音音素开头的单词;an一,后接以元音音素开头的单词;/零冠词;the这,定冠词。根据“Giving...example is a great way to explain a new idea.”可知,此处表示举一个例子,表泛指的“一”,且example以元音音素开头,故应用an。故选B。 14.(2025·上海嘉定·一模)The giraffe’s neck is two meters long—more than half ________ length of its body. A.the B.a C.an D./ 【答案】A 【详解】句意:长颈鹿的脖子有两米长,是它身体长度的一半以上。 考查冠词。此处特指长颈鹿的身体,用定冠词the。故选A。 (二)介词 【考点诠释】 介词是常见语法考点。学生应该熟练掌握常见介词的基本用法;介词与动词、名词、形容词等的固定搭配。如果名词或者代词在句子中不作主语、表语或者动词的宾语时,其前面一般是填介词。高考通常考查介词与动词、形容词或者名词的搭配。做题时应该先根据上下文和句意推断出设空处的具体意思,然后根据熟记的短语来确定要填的词。在学习的过程中应注意对短语的归纳、积累、比较和记忆。 考点 种类 常见用法 介词 时间介词 基本介词 in (表示一天中某段时间,指天、年、月、季节、周次等), on (表示某一天或星期几,指明具体的时间), at (表示特定的时间、节日、年龄), by (…的时候、到、等到…已经等,用在天、时间的前面) 难点 1. in 与after的用法区别:A.介词in+一段时间用于一般将来时。B.介词after+一段时间用于一般过去时。C.介词after +时间点常用于一般将来时。 2. for 与since的用法区别:A.介词for表示一段时间。B.介词since表示从过去某一时间以来。 3. during与for的用法区别:A.当所指的时间起止分明时用介词during。B.如果一段时间不明确则用介词for。 4. before与by的用法区别:A.介词before表示“在…之前”。B.介词by表示“到…时为止,不迟于…”。 地点介词 基本介词 in, at, on, to 难点 1.at 与in 的用法区别:at表示较小的地方,如家、村、乡村等。in表示较大的地方,如大城市、国家、洲等。 2. at与on的用法区别:at用于门牌号。on用于路名。 3.in, on, to的用法区别:in表示“包含”,如:Beijing is in the north of China. on表示“紧邻”,如:Canada lies on the north of the U.S. to表示“没接触”,如:France lies to the south of England. 方式介词 基本介词 with, in, by 难点 in, with, by的用法区别:in表示“用材料、语言”。如: Can you say it in English? with表示“用工具、某物”如: with a pen。 by表示“用、以、靠、通过…方法”。如:He prefers traveling by car. 方位介词 基本介词 at, in, on, to, beneath, over, under, above, below, in front of / in the front of / behind, between / among, over/across/through 难点 1.in, on, at 的用法区别:in表示“排、行、组”。on表示“左、右”。at表示“前、后”。  2. on, over, above的用法区别:on表示一物放在另一物上面两者紧贴在一起。over表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系,即“在…上方”。介词above表示一般的“高于….”,“在…之上”。 3. under与below的用法区别:under是over的反义词即“在…下方”。below是above的反义词即“低于…” , “在…之下”。 4. across, through, over, past的用法区别:across着重于“从—头或—边到另—头或另—边”,强调从表面穿过。through着重于“穿越” ,强调从一定的空间内穿过。over多表示从“上方越过”。past表示从“面前经过” 。 不用介词的情况 1.当表示时间的词前有this, that时,其前面不用介词,如:this morning 2.当表示时间的词前有next时,其前面不用介词,如: next Sunday 3.当表示时间的词前有last时,其前面不用介词,如:last Sunday 4.当表示时间的词前有one, any, each, every, some或all时,其前面不用介词,如:You can come any day. 【典题举隅】 1.(2025·上海浦东新·一模)City Walk has become extremely popular _______ local people in Shanghai. A.in B.of C.between D.among 【答案】D 【详解】句意:在上海,“城市漫步” 在当地人中非常受欢迎。 考查介词辨析。in在……里;of 属于……的;between在……之间,通常用于两者之间;among在……当中,用于三者或三者以上。因为“local people in Shanghai”表示的范围在三者以上,应用介词among。故选D。 2.(2025·上海黄浦·一模)Alice complains ________ the long travel to work, especially when it rains or snows. A.on B.about C.by D.at 【答案】B 【详解】句意:爱丽丝抱怨上班路途遥远,尤其是下雨或下雪的时候。 考查介词辨析。on在……上面;about关于;by被;at在。根据“Alice complains...the long travel to work”可知,此处表示她抱怨关于上班路途遥远的事。故选B。 3.(2025·上海闵行·一模)You will be surprised ________ how quickly the world around you will change. A.at B.in C.with D.for 【答案】A 【详解】句意:你会惊讶于周围的世界变化得如此之快。 考查介词辨析。at在;in在……里面;with和;for为了。根据“You will be surprised...”可知,指的是对世界变化之快感到惊讶,be surprised at “对……感到惊讶”,符合语境。故选A。 4.(2025·上海金山·一模)The boss asked the shop assistant to be patient and polite to the customers ________ work. A.for B.at C.in D.with 【答案】B 【详解】句意:老板要求店员在工作中对顾客要有耐心和礼貌。 考查介词辨析。for为了;at在;in在……里面;with和。根据“The boss asked the shop assistant to be patient and polite to the customers…work.”的语境并将结合选项可知,此处指在工作中的态度,at work“在工作中”。故选B。 5.(2025·上海崇明·一模)A recent survey showed 75% of those questioned were ________ favour of the plan. A.on B.by C.with D.in 【答案】D 【详解】句意:最近的一项调查显示,75%的受访者赞成该计划。 考查介词辨析。on在……上面;by通过;with和;in在……里面。in favour of“支持”,固定短语。故选D。 6.(2025·上海崇明·一模)The 7th CIIE (进博会) was held in Shanghai ________ November, 2024. A.in B.at C.on D.for 【答案】A 【详解】句意:第七届进博会于2024年11月在上海举行。 考查介词辨析。in在某年/月/季节等;at在(几点);on在具体的某一天/某一天的上午/下午/晚上;for达,计,与一段时间连用。“November”为月份,前面应用介词in。故选A。 7.(2025·上海青浦·一模)Our future happiness depends ________ the choices we make today. A.by B.on C.for D.with 【答案】B 【详解】句意:我们的未来幸福取决于我们今天所做的选择。 考查介词辨析。by通过;on在上面;for为了;with和。depend on“取决于”,是固定短语。故选B。 8.(2025·上海杨浦·一模)The new cartoon is full ________ amazing special effects that make it fun to watch. A.with B.on C.of D.for 【答案】C 【详解】句意:这部新动画片充满了令人惊叹的特效,看起来很有趣。 考查介词辨析。with和;on在……上;of……的;for为了。be full of“充满”,是固定词组。故选C。 9.(2025·上海长宁·一模)A thief broke ________ the shop in our neighborhood last night and stole several expensive items. A.into B.by C.for D.with 【答案】A 【详解】句意:昨晚,一个小偷闯入了我们附近的商店,偷走了几件贵重物品。 考查介词辨析。into在里面;by被;for为了;with和。根据“A thief broke...the shop”可知,此处表示小偷“闯入商店”,“broke into”意为“闯入、破门而入”。故选A。 10.(2025·上海青浦·一模)Visitors can see amazing ice sculptures in Harbin ________ winter. A.to B.on C.in D.at 【答案】C 【详解】句意:冬天,游客可以在哈尔滨看到令人惊叹的冰雕。 考查介词辨析。to朝;on后常接具体的某一天;in后常接年、季节、月等词;at后接具体时刻。空后“winter”为季节,应用介词in。故选C。 11.(2025·上海松江·一模)Though John is thin and ________ average height, he is quite fit. A.on B.in C.of D.with 【答案】C 【详解】句意:尽管约翰很瘦,中等身高,但是他很健康。 考查介词词义。on在……上面;in在……里面;of所属关系;with和……一起。固定搭配of average height“平均身高”。故选C。 12.(2025·上海宝山·一模)Yesterday, Sarah was angry ________ her brother for breaking her favourite vase. A.of B.with C.to D.on 【答案】B 【详解】句意:昨天,莎拉因为她哥哥打碎了她最喜欢的花瓶而生气。 考查介词辨析。of……的;with对于;to到;on在……上。be angry with sb“对某人生气”。故选B。 13.(2025·上海虹口·一模)I had no idea what was wrong, but my sister seemed angry ________ me for some reason. A.with B.about C.by D.for 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我不知道出了什么事,但我妹妹似乎出于某种原因生我的气。 考查介词辨析。with和;about关于;by通过;for为了。be angry with sb.“生某人的气”,固定短语。故选A。 14.(2025·上海静安·一模)Look! Dad is angry ________ Tom because he didn’t clean out his bedroom. A.about B.with C.for D.of 【答案】B 【详解】句意:看!爸爸正对汤姆生气,因为他没有清理他的卧室。 考查介词辨析。about关于;with和……一起;for为了;of……的。be angry with sb.对某人生气,是固定搭配。故选B。 15.(2025·上海徐汇·一模)________ 3 o’clock, each group will have the opportunity to present their plan, one at a time. A.Since B.For C.From D.In 【答案】C 【详解】句意:从3点开始,每个小组将有机会依次陈述他们的计划。 考查介词辨析。Since自……以后;For为了;From从;In在,用于年份月份或季节前。根据“… 3 o’clock, each group will have the opportunity to present their plan”结合语境可知,此处应指从3点开始,每个小组将有机会依次陈述他们的计划。故选C。 16.(2025·上海徐汇·一模)The staff are asked to smile ________ every customer entering the store. A.at B.to C.for D.with 【答案】A 【详解】句意:店员被要求对每一位进店的顾客微笑。 考查介词辨析。at在……时刻;to朝;for为了;with和。根据“The staff are asked to smile…every customer”可知,此处指对每一位顾客微笑,smile at sb.“对某人微笑”。故选A。 17.(2025·上海普陀·一模)Many people are unaware ________ how much sugar they take in every day. A.of B.on C.for D.at 【答案】A 【详解】句意:许多人没有意识到他们每天摄入了多少糖分。 考查介词辨析。of……的;on在……上;for为了;at在。be unaware of“没有意识到”。故选A。 18.(2025·上海嘉定·一模)Ice hockey is a great team sport that is played by people all ages and abilities. A.with B.in C.on D.of 【答案】D 【详解】句意:冰球是一项很棒的团队运动,所有年龄和能力的人都参加。 考查介词辨析。with和;in在……里;on在……上;of……的。根据空后的内容可知,此处表示的是固定搭配,of all ages and abilities各种年龄和能力。故选D。 (3) 代词 【考点诠释】 代词也是常见语法考点。可能考查①宾格形式:在句中作宾语或表语。②形容词性物主代词:在名词前作定语。③名词性物主代词:作主语、宾语或表语。④反身代词、不定代词、指示代词、疑问代词等。 考点 种类 常见用法 代词 人称代词 主格:I, we, you, he, she, they, it 宾格:me, us, you, him, her, them, it 物主代词 形容性物主代词:my, our, your, his, her, their, its,近年对its考查较多,值得重点关注。 名词性物主代词:mine, ours, yours, his, hers, theirs, its 反身代词 形式:myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, herself, himself, themselves, itself, oneself 用法:动词宾语、介词宾语、表语、同位语 动词短语:behave oneself, dress oneself, enjoy oneself, express oneself;介词短语:by oneself, for oneself, in oneself, to oneself,这些固定搭配应该重点记忆。 不定代词 all, both, either, none, neither, each, any,这里要注意并列连词的使用,它也是解题的关键。 some-, any-, no-等+thing, +body的合成代词 many, much, (a) few, (a) little,这里注意所修饰的名词的单复数。 the other, another, the others, others it用法 1. 做形式主语:It is necessary to repeat the whole thing. 2. 做形式宾语:She made it clear (that) we were not welcome. 3. 做宾补:I have made it clear that everybody is not allowed to smoke here. 4. 用于强调句:It’s Spain that he went to, not Portugal. 强调句型中的it也是考查重点之一。 5. 模糊指代:表示一般情况。指代气候、天气、温度、时间、地点、距离等。 【典题举隅】 1.(2025·上海浦东新·一模)With a two-screen phone, you can watch movies on one side and check emails on _______. A.the other B.other C.another D.others 【答案】A 【详解】句意:使用双屏手机,您可以在一个屏幕上看电影,同时在另一个屏幕上查看电子邮件。 考查不定代词辨析。the other通常用于表示总数为二时的“另外一个”;other“别的,其他”,泛指“其他的(人或物)”;another表示在原有的基础上再加一(些),意为“再一(些)”或“另外一个(些)”;others“其它的人(物或事等)”,常用于泛指,可以指代一个群体中的部分成员。根据题意可知,其中“另一边”指的是同一个物品的不同侧面或部分,应用“the other”指代成对物品中的“另一个”。故选A。 2.(2025·上海黄浦·一模)She opened the door, but there was ________ inside, just an empty room. A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing 【答案】D 【详解】句意:她打开门,但里面什么也没有,只有一个空房间。 考查代词辨析。something某事;anything任何事;everything一切;nothing没有什么。根据“just an empty room.”可知,应说里面什么都没有,nothing符合语境。故选D。 3.(2025·上海闵行·一模)They worked for ________ fifteen days and finished the task successfully. A.other B.another C.the other D.others 【答案】B 【详解】句意:他们又工作了十五天,成功地完成了任务。 考查代词辨析。other其他的,接可数名词复数;another另一个,修饰可数名词单数或者数词+可数名词;the other两者中的另一个,表特指;others其他,表泛指。根据“fifteen days”可知,此处表示又15天,故选B。 4.(2025·上海金山·一模)After a four-day stay at home, Steve plans to shop. There is ________ food left in the fridge. A.few B.a few C.little D.a little 【答案】C 【详解】句意:在家待了四天后,史蒂夫计划去购物。冰箱里剩下的食物不多了。 考查代词。few几乎没有,修饰可数名词复数;a few少许,修饰可数名词复数;little少量的,修饰不可数名词;a little一些,修饰不可数名词。根据“Steve plans to shop”可知,去购物,应是冰箱里剩下的食物不多了;空后的“food”为不可数名词,空处应用little。故选C。 5.(2025·上海闵行·一模)My brother enjoys singing and ________ favorite subject is music. A.he B.him C.his D.himself 【答案】C 【详解】句意:我哥哥喜欢唱歌,他最喜欢的科目是音乐。 考查人称代词的使用。he他,是主格;him他,是宾格;his他的,是形容词性物主代词;himself他自己,是反身代词。由于“favorite subject”是名词短语,此处需要一个形容词性物主代词修饰“favorite subject”,指代“我哥哥的”。故选C。 6.(2025·上海金山·一模)Wait for a bit longer? I need ________ fifteen minutes to finish washing the muddy shoes. A.other B.the other C.others D.another 【答案】D 【详解】句意:再等一会儿?我还需要15分钟才能把沾满泥的鞋子洗完。 考查不定代词。other其他的;the other (两者中)另一个;others其他的人或物;another (三者或以上中)再一个的,另一个的。根据“Wait for a bit longer?”可知,此处是指需要再等待15分钟,考查“another+基数词+名词复数”结构,表示“再几个”。故选D。 7.(2025·上海崇明·一模)Teresa searched for the missing gold ring in the house; unfortunately, ________ was found. A.everything B.anything C.nothing D.something 【答案】C 【详解】句意:Teresa 在家中寻找丢失的金戒指,但遗憾的是,什么也没有找到。 考查代词辨析。everything一切;anything任何事物;nothing没有什么;something某些事情。根据“unfortunately,”可知,Teresa 在家中什么也没找到,nothing符合语境。故选C。 8.(2025·上海崇明·一模)Mr. Green has just come to live in this village, so ________ is known about his life. A.few B.a few C.little D.a little 【答案】C 【详解】句意:格林先生才住到这个村子,所以大家对他的生活几乎没有了解。 考查不定代词。few几乎没有,修饰可数名词;a few一些,修饰可数名词;little几乎没有,修饰不可数名词;a little一点,修饰不可数名词。根据“Mr. Green has just come to live in this village, so…is known about his life.”可知,此处指大家对他的生活几乎没有了解,应用little。故选C。 9.(2025·上海崇明·一模)Tracy asked Mr. Black to teach ________ how to make impressive videos. A.she B.her C.hers D.herself 【答案】B 【详解】句意:特蕾西请布莱克先生教她如何制作令人印象深刻的视频。 考查代词辨析。she她,人称代词的主格;her她/她的,人称代词的宾格或形容词性物主代词;hers她的,名词性物主代词;herself她自己,反身代词。动词teach后用人称代词的宾格,此处指教她如何制作视频。故选B。 10.(2025·上海浦东新·一模)She bought some books and decided to send _______ to her friends as gifts. A.theirs B.their C.them D.themselves 【答案】C 【详解】句意:她买了一些书,决定把它们作为礼物送给她的朋友。 考查代词辨析。theirs它们的,名词性物主代词;their它们的,形容词性物主代词;them它们,人称代词宾格;themselves它们自己,反身代词。根据“send … to her friends”可知,此处是指把它们送给她的朋友,应用人称代词宾格them作动词“send”的宾语。故选C。 11.(2025·上海青浦·一模)The concert lasted only ________ minutes before the power went out. A.few B.little C.a few D.a little 【答案】C 【详解】句意:音乐会仅仅持续了几分钟电就停了。 考查词义辨析。few修饰可数名词复数,表示几乎没有;little修饰不可数名词,表示几乎没有;a few修饰可数名词复数,表示一些、几个;a little修饰不可数名词,表示一些、少量。根据“The concert lasted only ... minutes before the power went out.”可知,此处表示音乐会持续了几分钟,minutes是可数名词复数,因此用a few修饰。故选C。 12.(2025·上海杨浦·一模)Of the five memory exercises, two are really hard, and ________ three are much easier. A.other B.the other C.another D.others 【答案】B 【详解】句意:在五个记忆练习中,有两个真的很难,其他三个容易得多。 考查代词用法。other其他的,修饰可数名词复数;the other另一个或另一部分(两个/部分中的);another另一个(三者或三者以上中的);others其他人/物。根据“ Of the five memory exercises, two are really hard, and ...three”可知,空处指的是其他三个练习,修饰可数名词复数,所以用the other。故选B。 13.(2025·上海长宁·一模)Mr. Smith will teach ________ how to write a business letter in the next lesson. A.we B.our C.ours D.us 【答案】D 【详解】句意:史密斯先生将在下一节课上教我们如何写商务信函。 考查代词的用法。we我们,主格代词;our我们的,形容词性物主代词;ours我们的,名词性物主代词;us我们,宾格代词。此处作动词teach的宾语,应用宾格代词。故选D。 14.(2025·上海松江·一模)I have two nephews. They call ________ “Auntie” and “Unc”. A.them B.their C.themselves D.theirs 【答案】C 【详解】句意:我有两个侄子。他们称自己为“阿姨”和“叔叔”。 考查反身代词。them他们,宾格;their他们的,形容词性物主代词;themselves他们自己,反身代词;theirs他们的,名词性物主代词。根据“They call… “Auntie” and “Unc”.”可知,他们称自己为“阿姨”和“叔叔”,可知这里需要用反身代词。故选C。 15.(2025·上海松江·一模)I have two cell phones. One is for business. My ________ phone is for private matters. A.other B.another C.the other D.others 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我有两部手机。一部是商业用途。另一部用于处理私人事务。 考查代词辨析。other其他的;another三者及以上的另一个;the other特指两者中的另一个;others其他人或物。根据“I have two cell phones. One is for business.”可知,此处特指另外一部手机,且空前有My,空处应用other,my other phone表示“我的另一部手机”。故选A。 16.(2025·上海松江·一模)Is it necessary for us ________ on clothes before buying them? A.try B.to try C.trying D.tried 【答案】B 【详解】句意:我们买衣服之前有必要试穿一下它们吗? 考查非谓语动词。根据“Is it necessary for us...on clothes”可知,此处是it is+形容词+for sb. to do sth.“某人做某事是……的”,其中it作形式主语,动词不定式作真正的主语。故选B。 17.(2025·上海宝山·一模)There is ________ milk left in the fridge. Could you buy some on your way home? A.few B.a few C.little D.a little 【答案】C 【详解】句意:冰箱里几乎没有牛奶了。你能在回家的路上买一些吗? 考查不定代词。few很少,修饰可数名词,表示否定含义;a few少许,修饰可数名词,表示肯定含义;little很少,修饰不可数名词,表示否定含义;a little少许,修饰不可数名词,表示肯定含义。milk是不可数名词。few和a few用于修饰可数名词,排除A和B。根据“Could you buy some on your way home?”可知,冰箱没有牛奶了,表示否定含义,应用little。故选C。 18.(2025·上海宝山·一模)After finishing a short video about traditional Chinese customs, Jack planned to make ________ one this term. A.the other B.the others C.other D.another 【答案】D 【详解】句意:在完成了一个关于传统的中国习俗的短视频之后,杰克计划这学期再去制作一个。 考查代词辨析。the other两个中的另一个;the others其余的(表示在一个范围内的其他全部);other其他的;another另一个(三者及以上)。分析句子可知之前做了一个视频,现在想再做一个,没有范围限制,用another表示“另一个”,故选D。 19.(2025·上海宝山·一模)The program aims to teach children how to protect ________ in emergencies. A.they B.them C.theirs D.themselves 【答案】D 【详解】句意:该计划旨在教孩子们如何在紧急情况下保护自己。 考查代词辨析。they他们;them他们;theirs他们的;themselves他们自己。根据“teach children how to protect”可知是教孩子们如何保护他们自己,用反身代词themselves。故选D。 20.(2025·上海虹口·一模)An excuse is a reason you give in order to explain why ________ has been done wrong. A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing 【答案】A 【详解】句意:借口是你为了解释为什么做错了事而给出的理由。 考查代词辨析。something一些事;anything任何事;everything一切;nothing没有事。根据“explain why...has been done wrong”可知是解释一些事情为什么做错了,肯定句中用something。故选A。 21.(2025·上海静安·一模)—Is this your shoe? —Yes, it is. But where is ________? A.the other B.the others C.other D.another 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——这是你的鞋吗?——是的,它是。但是另一只在哪里? 考查不定代词。the other两者中的另一个;the others其他的人或物 (特定范围);other另一个,强调对比;another另一个 (三者或三者以上) ;根据“Is this your shoe?”及肯定回答和but可知,应问另一只鞋在哪,强调两者中的另一个。故选A。 22.(2025·上海徐汇·一模)We’re always told that ________ can stop a man with a strong will from achieving success. A.anything B.something C.nothing D.everything 【答案】C 【详解】句意:我们总是被告知,没有什么能阻止一个有坚强意志的人取得成功。 考查不定代词。anything任何事;something某事;nothing没有什么;everything每件事。根据“can stop a man with a strong will from achieving success”可知,应该是没有什么能阻止一个有坚强意志的人取得成功。故选C。 23.(2025·上海徐汇·一模)The food in Shanghai is not as hot as ________ in Sichuan. A.it B.that C.one D./ 【答案】B 【详解】句意:上海的食物没有四川的辣。 考查代词辨析。it它;that那个;one一个。此处是上海食物和四川食物进行比较,为了避免重复,food是不可数名词,第二个用that来替代。故选B。 24.(2025·上海普陀·一模)I’ve already had two cups of coffee, but I can still have ________. A.other B.the other C.others D.another 【答案】D 【详解】句意:我已经喝了两杯咖啡,但我还可以再来一杯。 考查代词辨析。other其他的,其后需要接名词复数;the other两者中的另一个;others其他的;another又一个,再一个,指不确定数目的另一个。根据“I’ve already had two cups of coffee, but I can still have”可知,此处表示可以再喝一杯,“再一”another。故选D。 25.(2025·上海嘉定·一模)After running for an hour, I hardly had ________ energy left to climb the stairs. A.little B.many C.any D.few 【答案】C 【详解】句意:跑步一个小时后,我几乎没有能量去爬楼梯了。 考查不定代词辨析。little少量的;many许多;any任何,用于否定句和疑问句;few很少。由“After running for an hour”可知,跑完步很累,否定词“hardly”表明剩余的能量几乎没有,因此用“any”更为适合。故选C。 26.(2025·上海嘉定·一模)The noise from the construction site made __________ hard for me to focus on reading. A.this B.it C.that D.one 【答案】B 【详解】句意:建筑工地的噪音使我很难集中精力读书。 考查it特殊用法。该句使用句式“make it+形容词+for sb to do”,表示“使做某事对某人来说……”,其中it作为形式宾语,指代不定式短语“to focus on reading”。故选B。 27.(2025·上海嘉定·一模)—I don’t like this shirt. Do you have ____________ one in a different color? —Yes, we have it in blue and green. A.other B.the other C.another D.others 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——我不喜欢这件衬衫。你们有别的颜色的吗? ——是的,我们有蓝色和绿色的。 考查代词辨析。other其他的,通常用来修饰复数名词;the other表示两者中的另一个;another另外一个,用于单数名词之前;others表示其他人或物。由“do you have one in a different color?”可知,表示询问是否有另一种颜色的同样物品。故选C。 (四)名词 【考点诠释】 中考名词的考查也是中考最大考向之一,名词的数、格考查较少,主要考查名词词义辨析,考查单词意义的辨识,用法上的辨异,语境应用。 名词的词义辨析及词性转化 1、同类名词词义辨析 A. doctor B.engineer C.writer D.scientist 2、不同类名词词义辨析 A. sign B. need C. reason D. change 3、名词的词性转化 safe-safety; long-length; honest-honesty prove-proof; complain-complaint 名词的数 1、规则的可数名词 1)一般加s 2)以 s,sh,ch,x结尾的加 –es 3)辅音字母 + y结尾的变 y为 ies 4)以 o 结尾的词 +es; 以 o 结尾 +s 5)以f,fe 结尾的多数为-ves; 以f,fe 结尾的少数直接 + s 1. teachers, books, 2. classes,dishes, matches, boxes 3. cities,countries,parties,factories 4. (1) heroes,Negroes,tomatoes,potatoes (2) radios,zoos,bamboos,pianos,kilos,photos 5. (1) leaves,lives,wives,knives,halves,wolves (2) roofs proofs, gulfs, beliefs 2、 不规则的可数名词 1)单复数词形相近 2)fish如表示不同种类的鱼时复数是fishes: 3)以man, woman 修饰名词构成合成词时 4)单复数相同 1.man—men, woman—women, tooth—teeth, foot—feet, child—children, mouse—mice 2. There are many kinds of fishes in that lake. 3.man servant—men servants; woman doctor—women doctors. (*boy/girl students) 4. sheep, fish, deer, means, Chinese, Japanese, works 3、复合名词 1. son-in-law---sons-in-law 2. looker-on—lookers-on 4、字母,阿拉伯数字 1. There are two l’s in the word “ all ”. 2. Your 7’s and 9’s look alike. 3. It happened in the 1960’s /1960s. 4. I will not accept your if’s and but’s. 5、定冠词加姓氏的复数 the Turners, the Smiths, the Wangs 6、集体名词 class, family, population, team, crew 1. The class is big.---The class are taking notes in English. 2. The population in China is large. ---- 80% of the population in China are peasants. 7、以s 结尾的学科名词 mathematics , physics, politics, news 8、glasses, trousers类 1. Where are my glasses ? 2. My new pair of trousers is too long. 3. Here are some new pairs of shoes. 9、不可数名词表示“一个”时 1. a piece of news / information / advice / bread / cake / paper / meat / coal 2. a bottle of ink 10、常考不可数名词 information, weather, news, advice, fun,etc. 名词的所有格 1. 一般加’s (1)复合名词只在最后一个词的后面加 ’s (2)表示共同所有的几个名词,只在最后一个词的后面加’s (3)表示各个所有关系的几个名词,在每个名词后分别加’s (4)名词短语只在最后一个词后加 ’s 1.my sister-in-law’s brother. 2.This is Tom, James and Dick’s room. 3.Jenny’s, Jean’s and Mary’s rooms face (to the) south. 4.a quarter of an hour’s talk 2. 有时加of 1)凡不能用’s的情况可用 of表示所属关系 2)当名词有较长的定语时: 1. the City of New York. 2. a map of China. 3. the name of the girl standing at the gate. 4. Have you read the articles of the students who were with us yesterday? 3. 双重所有格 当of前面的名词有不定冠词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词或数词如 a, an, this, that, these, those, two, three, four, any, some, several, no, few ,another等修饰时 1. a poem of Lu Xun’s 2. a friend of his/hers 3. Which novel of Dicken’s are you reading ? 4. some friends of my brothers’ 4.几种特殊情况 1. the key to the door 2. answers to the question 3. the entrance to the station / cinema 4. tickets for the film / movie 【典题举隅】 1.(2025·上海杨浦·一模)We need more ________ to understand how AI can help us in language learning. A.review B.research C.opinion D.article 【答案】B 【详解】句意:为了了解人工智能在语言教学中能帮助我们什么,我们需要更多的研究。 考查名词辨析。review复习;research研究;opinion观点;article文章。根据“to understand how AI can help us in language learning”可知,此处指做更多的研究来了解,此空意为“研究”。故选B。 2.(2025·上海虹口·一模)You can not only get a lot of ________ but also form your own understanding through reading. A.idea B.opinion C.knowledge D.skill 【答案】C 【详解】句意:通过阅读你不仅可以获得很多知识,还可以形成自己的理解。 考查名词辨析。idea想法;opinion意见;knowledge知识;skill技能。根据“but also form your own understanding through reading.”可知,此处表示获得很多知识。故选C。 3.(2025·上海静安·一模)He has a wide ________ of history and can answer almost any question about it. A.advice B.knowledge C.news D.skill 【答案】B 【详解】句意:他历史知识渊博,几乎能回答任何有关历史的问题。 考查名词辨析。advice建议;knowledge知识;news新闻;skill技能。根据“of history and can answer almost any question about it.”可知,他历史知识渊博。故选B。 4.(24-25九年级上·上海黄浦·阶段练习)Professor Lee gave us much ________ on how to live a low carbon life in big cities. A.tip B.suggestion C.advice D.idea 【答案】C 【详解】句意:李教授给了我们许多关于如何在大城市中低碳生活的建议。 考查名词辨析。tip建议,suggestion建议;advice建议;idea想法。根据“much”可知,此处的名词应该是不可数名词,而A、B、D都是可数名词,需排除,故选C。 5.(24-25九年级上·上海宝山·期中)I don’t have much _________ of German history, but I think choice A is most likely. A.knowledge B.joke C.interview D.skill 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我没有太多德国历史的知识,但我认为选项A最有可能。 考查名词辨析。knowledge知识;joke笑话;interview面试;skill技巧。结合后文“but I think choice A is most likely”可知在做题,需要一定的知识储备,故应是没有太多有关德国历史的知识,much修饰不可数名词knowledge。故选A。 6.(24-25九年级上·上海杨浦·期中)They have a lot of ________ in their new manager’s abilities. A.opinion B.question C.reason D.trust 【答案】D 【详解】句意:他们对新经理的能力非常信任。 考查名词辨析。opinion看法;question问题;reason原因;trust信任。根据“They have a lot of...in their new manager’s abilities.”可知,他们对新经理的能力非常信任。故选D。 7.(24-25九年级上·上海崇明·期中)You can get much ________ about Chinese culture through this book. A.information B.idea C.suggestion D.method 【答案】A 【详解】句意:通过这本书你可以得到很多关于中国文化的信息。 考查名词词义辨析。information信息;idea想法;suggestion建议;method方法。根据“much”可知空处是不可数名词。选项中只有information是不可数名词。故选A。 8.(24-25九年级上·上海静安·阶段练习)They speak in a humorous way and make ________ about each other whenever they meet. A.tricks B.mistakes C.jokes D.apologies 【答案】C 【详解】句意:他们说话很幽默,每次见面都会互相开玩笑。 考查名词辨析。tricks把戏;mistakes错误;jokes玩笑;apologies道歉。根据“They speak in a humorous way”可知,这里指每次见面都会互相开玩笑,故选C。 9.(2024·上海嘉定·二模)The adventure team discovered a great deal of ________ during their rainforest exploration. A.plants B.beauty C.birds D.insects 【答案】B 【详解】句意:探险团队在他们对热带雨林的探险过程中发现了很多美景。 考查名词。plants植物;beauty美景;birds鸟;insects昆虫。根据“a great deal of”可知后面要加不可数名词,故选B。 10.(2024·上海金山·二模)This article offers much useful ________ on how to lose weight and keep healthy. A.topic B.tip C.suggestion D.information 【答案】D 【详解】句意:这篇文章提供了很多关于如何减肥和保持健康的有用信息。 考查名词辨析。topic主题,可数名词;tip建议,可数名词;suggestion建议,可数名词;information信息,不可数名词。much修饰不可数名词,故选D。 11.(2024·上海虹口·二模)Mr. Li is glad that his students are making ________ in their studies day by day. A.suggestion B.decision C.plan D.progress 【答案】D 【详解】句意:李先生很高兴他的学生们在学业上一天天取得进步。 考查名词辨析。suggestion建议;decision决定;plan计划;progress进步。根据“Mr. Li is glad that his students are making...in their studies day by day.”可知,学生在学业上一天天取得进步是李先生高兴的原因。故选D。 12.(2024·上海奉贤·二模)The famous artist’s ________ of paintings will be shown in the museum next week. A.information B.collection C.attention D.action 【答案】B 【详解】句意:这位著名艺术家的绘画收藏将于下周在博物馆展出。 考查名词辨析。information信息;collection收集;attention注意;action行动。根据“of paintings will be shown in the museum next week.”可知是展出他的绘画收藏。故选B。 13.(2024·上海奉贤·一模)Students don’t seem to have much ______ this term. A.lesson B.idea C.material D.homework 【答案】D 【详解】句意:这学期学生们似乎没有多少家庭作业。 考查名词辨析。lesson课程,可数名词单数;idea主意,可数名词单数;material材料,可数名词单数;homework家庭作业,不可数名词。空处位于much后,填不可数名词。故选D。 14.(21-22九年级上·上海浦东新·期末)After ________ talk, they decided to go to Beijing on holiday. A.two hour B.two hours C.two-hours D.two hours’ 【答案】D 【详解】句意:经过两个小时的交谈,他们决定去北京度假。 考查名词所有格。根据“After ... talk”可知此处表示两小时的交谈,用名词所有格two hours’表示“两小时的”。故选D。 15.(23-24九年级上·上海长宁·期中)Here is some ________ about traveling abroad for you to read carefully. A.idea B.information C.suggestion D.letter 【答案】B 【详解】句意:这是一些你要认真读的去国外旅行的信息。 考查名词辨析。idea主意;information信息;suggestion建议;letter信件。结合“about traveling abroad”可知,这里是指关于国外旅游的信息。故选B。 16.(23-24九年级上·上海闵行·期中)I didn’t sleep well last night because there was too much ________ on the road. A.bicycle B.accident C.traffic D.car 【答案】C 【详解】句意:昨晚我没睡好,因为路上交通太拥堵了。 考查名词辨析。bicycle自行车,可数名词;accident事故,可数名词;traffic车流,不可数名词;car汽车,可数名词。根据“I didn’t sleep well last night because there was too much…on the road.”可知,路上交通拥堵导致没睡好,too much修饰不可数名词,只有traffic符合语境。故选C。 17.(2024·上海崇明·二模)I had to remove some _________ from the house to make room for my new piano. A.desk B.chair C.bookshelf D.furniture 【答案】D 【详解】句意:为了给我的新钢琴腾地方,我不得不从房子里搬走一些家具。 考查名词。desk课桌,可数名词单数;chair椅子,可数名词单数;bookshelf书架,可数名词单数;furniture家具,不可数名词。some后接可数名词复数或不可数名词,所以是furniture。故选D。 18.(23-24九年级下·上海嘉定·阶段练习)There is only a little ________ in the fridge. That’s not enough for breakfast. A.cake B.milk C.egg D.vegetable 【答案】B 【详解】句意:冰箱里只有一点牛奶。那还不够做早餐。 考查名词辨析。cake蛋糕,可数名词;milk牛奶,不可数名词;egg鸡蛋,可数名词;vegetable蔬菜,可数名词。根据空前的“a little”可知,a little后面需接不可数名词。故选B。 1.(2023·上海·中考真题)We Chinese have the tradition of respecting ______ old. A.the B./ C.an D.a 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我们中国人有尊老的传统。 考查冠词。此处是指尊敬老人,应用the+形容词,表示“一类人”。the old“老人”,故选A。 2.(2022·上海·中考真题)The young man often gives ________ helping hand to the old in his neighbourhood. A.a B.an C.the D./ 【答案】A 【详解】句意:这个年轻人经常帮助邻居家的老人。 考查冠词用法。a不定冠词,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;an不定冠词,用于元音音素开头的单词前;the定冠词,表特指。give a hand to sb.“帮助某人”,固定用法,其中helping以辅音音素开头,其前应加不定冠词a。故选A。 3.(2020·上海·中考真题)Kelly's cheese cakes were sold out within half________hour at the night market. A.a B.an C.the D./ 【答案】B 【详解】句意:凯利的奶酪蛋糕在夜市半小时内就卖完了。 考查冠词用法。a放在以辅音音素开头的单词前;an放在以元音音素开头的单词前;the表示特指;/ 不填。half an hour“半小时”固定搭配。hour是以元音音素/aʊ/开头,用an修饰。故选B。 【点睛】考查不定冠词,不定冠词包括a和an,a修饰以辅音音素开头的单词,an修饰以元音音素开头的单词。要积累一些固定搭配,选择合适答案。 4.(2019·上海·中考真题)Benjamin has learned that it is not polite to make fun of others. A.a B.an C.the D./ 【答案】D 【详解】句意:Benjamin知道取笑别人是不礼貌的。 A. a表示泛指,一个,放在辅音音素开头的名词前;B. an表示泛指,一个,后加元音音素开头的名词;C. the定冠词,那个;D. /,短语make fun of…表示取笑……。根据题意,故选D。 5.(2018·上海·中考真题)Hurry up! The concert will begin in_________ minute. A.a B.an C.the D./ 【答案】A 【详解】句意:快点!音乐会马上就要开始了。minute以辅音音素开头,前面要用不定冠词a,in a minute马上,立刻。故答案为A。 点睛:不定冠词a/an表示泛指,定冠词the表示特指。不定冠词an用以元音音素开头的单词前,a用以辅音音素开头的单词前,而不是首字母是元音字母或辅音字母,一定要看音标。如an hour; an honest boy; a useful book。 6.(2017·上海·中考真题)(2017·上海·27)Christine is selling her house,but on ________ other hand she doesn't want to move. A.a B.an C.the D./ 【答案】C 【详解】试题分析:句意:Christine在卖自己的房子,但另一方面她又不想搬家。 on the other hand在另一方面,是一个固定短语,属于特指,用定冠词。排除A/B/D三个,故选C。 考点:考查冠词的用法。 7.(2016·上海·中考真题)The teenagers had ________ good time in the summer camp in their sister school. A.a B.an C.the D./ 【答案】A 【详解】句意:青少年们在他们的姐妹学校的夏令营里玩得很开心。 考查冠词辨析。a是不定冠词,修饰单数名词表泛指,用于以辅音音素开头的单词前面;an是不定冠词,修饰单数名词表泛指,用于以元音音素开头的单词前面;the是定冠词,表特指;/表示零冠词。good以辅音音素开头,have a good time玩得愉快,是固定短语,故选A。 8.(2023·上海·中考真题)The research group consisted ________ three generations of scientists. A.for B.with C.of D.about 【答案】C 【详解】句意:研究小组由三代科学家组成。 考查介词辨析。for为了;with和;of……的;about关于。consist of“由……组成”,固定短语。故选C。 9.(2021·上海·中考真题)Many medical workers are busy ________ their work during lunch time. A.to B.of C.from D.with 【答案】D 【详解】句意:许多医疗工作者在午饭期间忙于工作。 考查介词。to向;of……的;from来自;with和……一起。be busy with sth忙于某事,故选D。 10.(2020·上海·中考真题)Mr. Smith always encourages his students to be active________class. A.in B.by C.with D.from 【答案】A 【详解】句意:史密斯先生总是鼓励他的学生在课堂上积极主动。 考查介词辨析。in在……里面;by……被;with带有……;from来自……;根据语境可知此处指在课堂上,英语的表达为in class;故选A。 11.(2020·上海·中考真题)The ancient town has been open to visitors________about ten years. A.by B.for C.on D.though 【答案】B 【详解】句意:这个古镇已经对游客开放了大约十年。 考查介词的用法。by被;for为了;on在上面;though虽然。根据has been可知是现在完成时,for接时间段,10年是个时间段。故选B。 【点睛】 12.(2019·上海·中考真题)Frank held his breath the water to search for his ring in the swimming pool. A.at B.by C.over D.under 【答案】D 【详解】句意:弗兰克在水下屏住呼吸,在游泳池里寻找他的戒指。 A. at在……;B. by通过……;C. over在……上方;D. under在……下面。根据下文to search for his ring in the swimming pool.可知这里是说在水下。根据题意,故选D。 13.(2018·上海·中考真题)Karen and Lily will go to Russia to watch the 2018 World Cup______July. A.on B.in C.at D.of 【答案】B 【详解】句意:凯伦和莉莉将在7月份前往俄罗斯观看2018年世界杯。A. on作为时间介词,常与“日期”、“星期几”搭配;B. in作为时间介词,常与表示“一段时间”的时间名词搭配,如在某年某月的前面;C. at常与“钟点时刻”搭配;D. of 关于,属于,…的。故答案为B。 点睛:时间介词at,on,in的用法:at放在几点钟前,指具体的某一时刻。例如:at one o’clock在1点钟。on作为时间介词,常与“日期”,“星期几”搭配,用于具体的某一天前或者上午、下午、晚上有修饰词时,例如:on Thursday,on a cold afternoon在一个寒冷的下午。in用于年、月、季节等的前面,常与表示“一段时间”的时间名词搭配。例如:in 2017,in May,in winter。 14.(2017·上海·中考真题)Shirley is still waiting for her flight to New York City ______________ the airport. A.at B.under C.on D.with 【答案】A 【详解】试题分析:句意:Shirley仍然在机场等待飞往纽约的航班。四个选项都是介词。 A. at(表示位置)在……;B. under在……下面;C. on在……上面D. with和……一起。at the airport在飞机场,是固定搭配。故选A。 考点:考查介词辨析。 15.(2016·上海·中考真题)The local community center is open_____________ Monday to Saturday. A.in B.from C.for D.on 【答案】B 【详解】句意:当地社区中心从星期一到星期六开放。考查固定短语和介词辨析。from…to…(表时间、地点)从……到……。根据句意,可知选B。 16.(2016·上海·中考真题)When James arrived at the railway station, he tried to look ____ a place to park his car. A.after B.at C.up D.for 【答案】D 【详解】句意:当James来到火车站的时候,他尽力寻找一个地方来停车。 考查介词辨析。该空与look组成搭配,look after照顾;look at看……;look up查找;look for寻找。根据句意可知,这里表示“找地方停车”,故选D。 17.(2023·上海·中考真题)I can’t give you any advice on farming because I know ________ about it. A.a few B.few C.a little D.little 【答案】D 【详解】句意:我不能给你任何关于农业的建议,因为我对农业知之甚少。 考查代词辨析。a few几个,修饰可数名词复数;few几乎没有,修饰可数名词复数;a little一点,修饰不可数名词;little几乎没有,修饰不可数名词。根据“I can’t give you any advice on farming because I know...about it”可知几乎不知道关于农业的知识,指代不可数名词,用little。故选D。 18.(2023·上海·中考真题)Kevin wrote two articles on AI technology last year. ________ of them have been published. A.All B.Both C.None D.Either 【答案】B 【详解】句意:凯文去年写了两篇关于AI技术的文章。两篇都被发表了。 考查代词辨析。All三者及以上都是;Both两者都;None三者及以上都不;Either两者选其一。根据“two articles”和“…of them have been published”可知,此处指两篇文章都被发表了,用both。故选B。 19.(2022·上海·中考真题)Make sure _______ has the textbooks when the new term starts. A.nobody B.anybody C.somebody D.everybody 【答案】D 【详解】句意:新学期开始时,要确保每个人都有课本。 考查代词辨析。nobody没有人;anybody任何人;somebody某人;everybody每个人。根据“when the new term starts.”可知,新学期开始要确保每个人都有课本。故选D。 20.(2022·上海·中考真题)Your silk scarf is over there. This one is _______. A.I B.me C.my D.mine 【答案】D 【详解】句意:你的丝巾在那边。这是我的。 考查代词辨析。I我,人称代词主格;me我,人称代词宾格;my我的,形容词性物主代词;mine名词性物主代词。空格后没有名词,此处指这是“我的”丝巾,故用名词性物主代词mine指代。故选D。 21.(2021·上海·中考真题)There was ________ to eat at home, so I went out to get some food. A.anything B.nothing C.something D.everything 【答案】B 【详解】句意:家里没有东西吃了,所以我出去买一些食物。 考查代词。anything任何事,用于否定句或一般疑问句;nothing没什么;something某物,用于肯定句;everything一切。根据“so I went out to get some food”可知,我出去买食物,因此表示家里没有什么可以吃的了,所以用代词nothing,故选B。 22.(2021·上海·中考真题)I haven’t brought my dictionary with me. Can I use ________? A.you B.your C.yours D.yourself 【答案】C 【详解】句意:我没有带字典。我可以用你的吗? 考查代词辨析。you你,主格或宾格;your你的,形容词性物主代词;yours你的,名词性物主代词;yourself你自己,反身代词。根据“Can I use...”可知,此处应用名词性物主代词yours,指代“你的字典”。故选C。 23.(2020·上海·中考真题)Randy wrote two novels.________ of them were made into films. I've seen them. A.None B.Both C.All D.Neither 【答案】B 【详解】句意:Randy 写了两本小说。它们都被拍成了电影,我都看了。 考查不定代词。None意为“没有一个”;Both意为“两者都”;All意为“全部”;Neither意为“(两者)没有一个”。根据上文“Randy wrote two novels.”及下文“I've seen them.”可知Randy的两本小说都被拍成了电影。故选B。 24.(2020·上海·中考真题)________friend Claude from France is keen on Chinese culture. A.I B.Me C.My D.Mine 【答案】C 【详解】句意:我的法国朋友克劳德很喜欢中国文化。 考查形容词性的物主代词。I我,主格;Me我,宾格;My我的,形容词性的物主代词;Mine我的,名词性物主代词。根据题干可知空后有名词friend,这里用形容词性物主代词my。故选C。 25.(2019·上海·中考真题)The New Year Concert was so amazing that left in the middle of it. A.everybody B.anybody C.nobody D.somebody 【答案】C 【详解】句意:新年音乐会太精彩了,没有人中途离开。 A. everybody每人;B. anybody任何人;C. nobody没有人;D. somebody某人。根据上文The New Year Concert was so amazing可知下文是说没有人离开。根据题意,故选C。 26.(2019·上海·中考真题)Emma,an actress,has become a superstar because of hard work and talent. A.she B.her C.hers D.herself 【答案】B 【详解】句意:Emma,一个女演员,因为她的努力工作和天赋而成为一名巨星。 A. she她,主格;B. her她的,形容词性物主代词;C. hers她的,名词性物主代词;D. herself她自己,反身代词。表示某人的艰苦努力和才能,这里用形容性的物主代词,主语是Emma,是女演员。这里用her。根据题意,故选B。 27.(2018·上海·中考真题)Catherine has two cousins. One is quiet, and______is noisy. A.another B.the other C.other D.others 【答案】B 【详解】句意:凯瑟琳有两个表兄妹。一个是安静的,另一个是吵闹的。A. another代词,“又一、另一”,指三个或三个以上中的另一个,常用来修饰单数名词;B. the other两者中的另一个,或后跟名词,指其余的全部;C. other形容词,“其他的”,后跟名词,泛指剩余的一部分;D. others代词,泛指其余的人或物。one…the other...一个……另一个……固定搭配。故答案为B。 点睛:another,other,others,the other,the others的区别: 1.another泛指(指三者或三者以上中的)另一个,既可作代词又可作形容词。 2.other其他的,另外的,泛指另一个或另一些。作定语时常与可数名词复数连用。 3.others泛指别的,其他人或物,是other的复数形式,相当于other加可数名词复数。 4.the other可作代词也可作形容词,表(两者中的)另一个,常用于one…the other…的句型中,如:She has two children, one is a boy, and the other is a girl. 也可以后跟名词复数,特指其余的人或物。 5.the others是the other的复数形式,特指某一范围内“其余的全部人或物”。只作代词用,相当于the other加可数名词复数,如:Four of them are in the classroom, what about the others? 28.(2018·上海·中考真题)My father is a good doctor. __________works hard to help his patients. A.He B.Him C.His D.Himself 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我爸爸是个好医生。他努力帮助病人。A. He他,主格;B. Him他,宾格;C. His他的,形容词性物主代词;D. Himself他自己,反身代词。此处缺少主语,应该用代词的主格形式,故答案为A。 点睛:人称代词分为主格和宾格,主格用作主语,宾格用作宾语。如:He is a teacher.(主格) Let me help you.(宾格);物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词,形容词性物主代词用作定语,修饰名词,如my book, his father(形容词性物主代词)。名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。 29.(2017·上海·中考真题)________ knowledge and experience are important to finish that task. A.Either B.Neither C.None D.Both 【答案】D 【详解】试题分析:句意:知识和经验这两点对完成这项任务很重要。A.Either(两者之中的)任一个;B.Neither两者都不;C.None(三者以上)没有一个;D. Both两者都。knowledge and experience,知识和技能,是两个方面,据句意可知,这两项都很重要,属于both…and…结构,两者都……。故选D。 考点:考查不定代词辨析。 30.(2017·上海·中考真题)The headmaster introduced ______ to the German visitors before the welcome party. A.we B.us C.our D.ours 【答案】B 【详解】句意:在欢迎会开始前校长把我们介绍给了德国游客。Introduce介绍,是及物动词,后接名词或代词作它的宾语。当接人称代词时,代词为宾格。A.we我们,主格代词;B. us我们,宾格代词;C. our我们的,物主代词(形容词性);D. ours我们的(名词性)。故选B。 31.(2016·上海·中考真题)The retired couple have decided to go to college. It's time for to begin a new life. A.they B.them C.their D.theirs 【答案】B 【详解】句意:那对退休的夫妇已决定去上大学。到了他们开始一种新生活的时候了。根据It's time for sb. to do sth.“到了某人该做某事的时间了”。for是介词,后面跟人称代词时,要用人称代词,的宾格形式。they的宾格形式是them。故选B。 32.(2016·上海·中考真题)The light went out suddenly. It was very dark and ______ could be seen clearly. A.anything B.something C.nothing D.everything 【答案】C 【详解】句意:突然间灯灭了,于是很暗,什么也看不见。 A. anything (用于否定句、疑问句也用于if或whether之后,或紧接prevent、ban、avoid等动词,代替something) 任何东西;B. something某事;C. nothing没有什么;D. everything每件事。根据前面一句的意思为——-突然灯灭了,go out 熄灭,it was very dark 很暗,可知,没有东西能被看见(什么也看不见),因此“没东西”为nothing。因此答案为C。 33.(2023·上海·中考真题)The village is really beautiful. We’ve decided to stay for ________ two days. A.others B.the others C.the other D.another 【答案】D 【详解】句意:这个村庄真的很漂亮。我们决定再待两天。 考查代词辨析。others其他的人或物;the others其他人或物(两部分中);the other两者中的另一个;another另一个(三者及以上)。根据“two days”可知此处指再待两天,用结构another+数词+名词复数“再几个……”。故选D。 34.(2019·上海·中考真题)I couldn't get much of the exhibition of clean-energy products from the website. A.news B.photos C.posters D.advertisements 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我从网站上看不到关于清洁能源产品展览会的很多新闻。 A. news新闻;B. photos照片;C. posters海报;D. advertisements广告。根据文中of the exhibition of clean-energy products from the website.可知这里是许多新闻。根据题意,故选A。 35.(2017·上海·中考真题)Did the policeman give much _______ on how to protect personal information? A.note B.tip C.advice D.book 【答案】C 【详解】句意:就如何保护个人信息,警察给出了很多建议吗? A. note通知;B. tip小费/提示;C. advice建议;D. book书。A/B/D都不合题意,而且都是可数名词,而much修饰不可数名词。advice建议,不可数名词。故选C。 36.(2013·上海·中考真题)The student didn’t find much__________ about the topic on that website. A.report B.article C.information D.story 【答案】C 【详解】report报告,成绩单;article 文章,条款;information信息,资料;story故事。句意:在那个网站上,这个学生没能找到关于这个主题的太多信息。结合语境可知选C。 2 / 27 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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专题01 词法之冠词、介词、代词、名词 -2025年中考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练(上海专用)
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专题01 词法之冠词、介词、代词、名词 -2025年中考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练(上海专用)
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专题01 词法之冠词、介词、代词、名词 -2025年中考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练(上海专用)
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