小练(9) UNIT 3 Section 4(教用Word)-【赢在微点·轻松课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版2019）

小练(九)　UNIT 3　Section 4 三维度夯实基础 　 维度1　词形转换 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 1.The price of oil should remain 　　　　(stability) for the rest of 1992.  答案与解析　stable　句意:油价会在1992年剩下的时间里保持稳定。由句意可知, remain作“保持”讲是系动词,故后接形容词。 2.We claimed a refund from the 　　　　(associate), but they would not pay up.  答案与解析　association　句意:我们要求该协会退款,但是他们不肯付钱。association “协会;联系”。 3.These books fall into several 　　　　(category).  答案与解析　categories　several后接可数名词复数。 4.The quality of 　　　　(process) food largely depends on the raw material.  答案与解析　processed　此处修饰名词food 作宾语,用过去分词processed表被动,processed food “加工食品”。 5.Don􀆳t play any more 　　　　(trick) like that!  答案与解析　tricks　根据句意“不要再像那样开玩笑”,应用复数形式。 6.The concept changed 　　　　(fundamental).  答案与解析　fundamentally　changed是动词,故用副词修饰。 7.Alcohol should only be taken in 　　　　(moderate).  答案与解析　moderation　句意:酒只可适量饮用。in moderation “适量”。 8.Polly took a bite of the apple, 　　　　(chew) and swallowed.  答案与解析　chewed　句意:波利咬了一口苹果,嚼了嚼咽了下去。由此可知,took a bite, 　　　　(chew) 和 swallowed是一系列的动作。故填chewed。  维度2　固定用法和常考句式 用1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式填空。 1.The fields give high and stable yields regardless 　　　　climatic circumstances.  答案与解析　of　考查固定结构。句意:不管天气条件如何,这块地总是保持稳产高产。regardless of “不管”。 2.　　　　 is important to have some meat, beans or dairy products in your diet.  答案与解析　It　在“It+be+adj.+(for sb)+to do”结构中,it是形式主语。 3.He is likely 　　　　(win) the game.  答案与解析　to win　be likely to do “可能做……”。 4.All the film tickets 　　　　(sell) out when I got to the cinema.  答案与解析　had been sold　句意:我们到电影院的时候,所有的电影票都卖完了。时间状语从句用过去时,根据语境主句应用过去完成时,又因票是被卖完,故填had been sold。 5.The meeting 　　　　you have missed yesterday was very important.  答案与解析　that/which　考查定语从句。设空在从句中作missed的宾语,先行词是meeting,故填that/which。 6.It was much more enjoyable 　　　　I had expected.  答案与解析　than　考查比较级。句意:这比我预期的有趣得多。由此可知,应填than。 维度3　语法填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 　　For many people in the world, food waste has become a habit: buying more food than we need at markets, 　1　 (let) fruit and vegetables spoil at home or taking more than we can eat.  These habits put extra pressure 　2　 our natural resources and damage our environment. When we waste food, we waste so much labour, effort, 　3　 (invest) and the precious resources that go into producing it, not to mention the resources in transporting and processing it. In short, wasting food increases greenhouse gas emissions and 　4　 (contribute) to climate change.  It􀆳s 　5　 urgent issue. In fact, tons of food is lost or wasted 　6　 (global) every day. The part of food that is lost from harvest up to, but not including, the retail level is called food loss. The part wasted at the consumer or retail level 　7　 (refer) to as food waste. We make this distinction to address those root 　8　 (cause) of this problem, a problem that everyone from farmers and producers to customers can help end.  Reducing food loss and waste is essential in a world 　9　 millions of people go hungry every day. When we reduce waste, we respect that food is not a given. It􀆳s up to us 　10　(change) our habits to make not wasting food a way of life!  答案与解析　 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了食物浪费的现象及产生的影响,并呼吁人们停止食物浪费。 好词　①spoil v. 损坏;破坏;(食物)变坏;溺爱;②not to mention更不用说;③in short简而言之 1.letting　考查非谓语动词。句意:对于世界上的许多人来说,食物浪费已经成为一种习惯:在市场上购买比我们需要的更多的食物,让水果和蔬菜在家里变质,或者带走比我们能吃的更多的食物。此处与buying和taking是并列成分,也应使用⁃ing形式。故填letting。 2.on　考查介词。句意:这些习惯给我们的自然资源带来额外的压力,破坏我们的环境。固定搭配:put pressure on sth“对某事施加压力”。故填on。 3.investment　考查名词。句意:当我们浪费食物时,我们浪费了如此多的劳动力、精力、投资和用于生产食物的宝贵资源,更不用说运输和加工食物的资源了。此处与labour,effort,resources是并列成分,也应使用名词形式,作waste的宾语,investment“投资”,不可数名词。故填investment。 4.contributes　考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意:简而言之,浪费食物增加温室气体排放,导致气候变化。此处与 increases是并列谓语,也应使用一般现在时,使用第三人称单数形式。故填contributes。 5.an　考查冠词。句意:这是一个紧急的问题。此处泛指“一个紧急的问题”,应使用不定冠词,urgent是以元音音素开头的词,应用an。故填an。 6.globally　考查副词。句意:事实上,全球每天都有成吨的食物损失或浪费。此处修饰谓语动词,应使用副词。故填globally。 7.is referred　考查动词时态及语态。句意:在消费者或零售层面被浪费的部分被称为食物浪费。此处描述的是目前的情况,应使用一般现在时,与主语是逻辑动宾关系,应用被动语态,主语The part是单数概念。故填is referred。 8.causes　考查名词的数。句意:我们进行这种区分是为了解决这个问题的那些根源,这个问题从农民、生产者到消费者,每个人都可以帮助解决。根据空前those可知,此处使用名词复数形式。故填causes。 9.where　考查定语从句。句意:在这个每天有数百万人挨饿的世界上,减少粮食损失和浪费至关重要。此处是限制性定语从句,先行词是world,在从句中作地点状语,应使用关系副词where引导。故填where。 10.to change　考查非谓语动词。句意:改变我们的习惯使不浪费食物成为一种生活方式是我们的责任!此处it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式短语。故填to change。 全方位提能语篇 阅读理解　A　体裁:说明文　主题语境:健康饮食　难度:★★☆☆☆ 　 　　“An apple a day keeps the doctor away.” Similarly, if we drink a little more water every day, we may find that we need to go to the doctor a lot less often. A healthy diet is made up of water and a great many different kinds of foods. We know that healthy foods like fruits, vegetables and fish, are important as they provide us with energy and fibre, without giving us too much fat and sugar. But why is water important? The human body needs water to survive. Water is important as it carries poisons and waste out of our bodies. However, doctors advise us to drink plenty of water, much more than the small amount we need to stay alive. Some doctors believe that water is important for our health in all kinds of ways. They believe that a great many illnesses and health problems start as a result of dehydration—a lack (缺少) of water in the body. Most people are dehydrated at least some of time, although they probably don􀆳t know it. It is surprising to learn that if we feel thirsty, we are already in the first stages of dehydration. In fact, we are advised to drink water before we feel thirsty. These doctors think that health problems such as headaches, high blood pressure and asthma could be helped if people drink more water. They also believe that drinking more water can help people who are overweight. Water contains no calories so it will not make us put on weight. If we drink water, we will probably drink less sugary soft drinks such as Coca⁃cola. Doctors also believe that drinking more water may stop people from overeating. They say that many people think that they are hungry when they are, in fact, thirsty. Doctors suggest, therefore, that we eat less food and drink more water. There are still many health problems that cannot be solved by drinking water, so we should not stop going to see the doctor completely. However, if we make a decision to drink water every day, we may find that we need to go to the doctor a lot less often. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了水与人体健康的关系,告诉我们每天要多饮水,让身体处于健康状态。 好词　①be made up of 由……组成; ②dehydrate v. 使(食物)脱水;(身体) 失水; ③make a decision 做决定 1.We need 　　　　for a healthy diet.  A. fibre B. food C. water D. water and different foods 答案与解析　D　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“A healthy diet is made up of water and a great many different kinds of foods.”(健康的饮食是由水和许多不同种类的食物组成的。)可知,我们需要水和不同的食物来保持健康的饮食。故D项正确。 2.Lack of water causes people to put on weight too much because 　　　　.  A. they think they are hungry and eat too much B. they think they are thirsty and eat less C. water has no calories D. it makes them hungry 答案与解析　A　推理判断题。根据第四段倒数第二句“They say that many people think that they are hungry when they are, in fact, thirsty.”可知,人们缺水时以为自己饿了,就会吃很多,由此推断缺水会让我们长胖。故A项正确。 3.Which of the following isn􀆳t mentioned in the passage? A. Fruit provides us with energy and fibre. B. Some health problems start because of a lack of water. C. The amount of water a person should drink in a day. D. Drinking more water may stop people from overeating. 答案与解析　C　推理判断题。通读全文可知,全文并未提及一个人一天可以喝多少水。故C项正确。 B　体裁:说明文　主题语境:健康　难度:★★★☆☆ 　 　　You may be drinking energy drinks to power through school and sports, but these drinks could put you in danger. When 10th grader Davis Allen Cripe went out to lunch on April 26 he was healthy. Davis drank a cup of coffee and a bottle of Pepsi; then he went back to school and drank a l6⁃ounce (盎司) energy drink. In the art class, he fell to his knees. He told his friends he felt uncomfortable. Then he passed out(昏倒). At 3:40pm, Davis was dead. He died from a drug many of us take every day: caffeine (咖啡因). Davis drank too much of it too fast. It􀆳s no surprise that energy drinks are popular with teens. The drinks are often advertised to sound cool. They have names like Monster and Full Throttle. Drink companies support sports like BMX biking and skateboarding. Ads for energy drinks sometimes suggest the products will give you special powers. “Set free the Beast,” reads one advertisement. Another brand says its drink “gives you wings”. These ads may be inducing more kids to buy energy drinks. In fact, one⁃third of American teens buy them regularly. Many teens drink these drinks because they hope to have more energy for studying or sports. Your friends drink ice⁃cold colas at lunch to stay clear. They drink large Frappuecinos at Starbucks to give them energy after school. Caffeine is so common that most people don􀆳t think of it as a drug. But that􀆳s exactly what it is. If you drink too much caffeine, your heart beats faster. You may get anxious on the soccer field. You may not be able to focus on the homework in front of you. Caffeine will also make you lose sleep. It can affect you for up to 6 hours. Drink an energy drink after school, and you may still be awake at bedtime. Can it actually kill you? Dying from one drink is very unlikely. Doctors say adults can safely have about five cups of coffee——or two large energy drinks——a day. But we know less about how caffeine affects teens, and that worries doctors. Every year,thousands of people get sick from drinking energy drinks. Most of those people are under 20 years old. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了过量饮用含有咖啡因的饮料会对人体造成很大的危害,而目前,医学上就咖啡因对青少年造成的影响还知之甚少。 好词　①set free释放;②focus on 专注于;③show pity for同情 4.Why does the author tell the story of Davis? A. To show the harm of caffeine. B. To show pity for a young boy. C. To warn teens of unexpected accidents. D. To call on young people to keep healthy. 答案与解析　A　推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“At 3:40pm, Davis was dead. He died from a drug many of us take every day: caffeine(咖啡因).”可知,下午3点40分,Davis死亡。他死于一种我们许多人每天都在服用的药物:咖啡因。由此推断,作者讲述Davis的故事是为了告诉我们咖啡因的危害。故选A。 5.What does the underlined word “inducing” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Requiring. B. Helping. C. Expecting. D. Persuading. 答案与解析　D　词义猜测题。根据画线单词前文“Ads for energy drinks sometimes suggest the products will give you special powers. ‘Set free the Beast,’ reads one advertisement. Another brand says its drink ‘gives you wings’.”可知,这些广告让孩子觉得喝了这些能量饮料,孩子就会有超能力。再根据画线单词后的“to buy energy drinks”可知,画线词inducing意为“诱导,劝说”。故选D。 6.What do teens think of energy drinks? A. Energy drinks will make them energetic in school life. B. Energy drinks will make them have more special powers. C. Energy drinks will make them look cool as other teenagers. D. Energy drinks will make them more popular with others. 答案与解析　A　细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Many teens drink these drinks because they hope to have more energy for studying or sports.”可知,许多青少年们认为这些能量饮料会为自己学习或运动提供更多的精力。故选A。 书写与写作 　　下面是一篇与中国美食有关的小短文,请在临摹过程中注意本课时所学语言知识,临摹之后再利用课余时间背诵。 提醒　①每个字母圆润饱满,压线书写;②宜用0.5或0.7 mm中性笔。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$