UNIT 3 Section 4 Using Language & Assessing(教用Word)-【赢在微点·轻松课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版2019）

Section 4　Using Language & Assessing Your Progress 阳光晨读 微点释疑 原|文|诵|读 HEALTHY EATING There is much debate nowadays as to what makes up a healthy diet. For example, scientists have insisted for years that a big enemy of health is fatty food. However, there is increasing evidence that the real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food, as it is sugar. Heart disease is the number one killer of Americans. And in America, people who receive 25% of their daily calories① or more through sugar are twice as likely to die from heart disease than people who receive less than 10% a day(Journal of the American Medical Association②, 2014). This is true regardless of③ how healthy the rest of their diet might be. Put more simply, while people continue to argue over whether or not fatty food is dangerous, we already know that sugar is a killer. 　　Much of this extra sugar comes from sweets and sweet drinks. The average American gets 1/3 of his or her sugar through sweet drinks alone. The American Heart Association recommends that we limit ourselves to less than 100-150 calories a day from sugar, which is less than what is usually contained in one can of sweet drink or in a single candy bar. In other words, if you want to be healthy, you have to cut down on desserts, and cut out sweet drinks altogether. 　　Beyond this, you can keep healthy by consuming different categories④ of fresh foods, especially fruit and vegetables, which are full of vitamins⑤ and fibre⑥, rather than processed foods. Processed foods often contain less nutrition, and have higher quantities of⑦ sugar, salt, and fat than fresh ingredients. Besides this, it is also important to have some meat, beans, or dairy⑧ products in your diet, as they provide the necessary protein for strong bones and muscle growth. As with everything in life, moderation⑨ is key. The ideal⑩ diet is a balanced one, without too much or too little of any one thing. 　　Finally, a fundamental key to healthy eating is to eat slowly. It takes about twenty minutes from the time you start eating for your brain to tell your body that you are full. What this means is that people who chew too quickly end up eating too much food because they still feel hungry. Eating slowly also allows your body to digest your food better, and will allow you to enjoy your food more. In addition, studies show that consistent eating habits, for example, taking three meals a day at the same time each day, are better for our health. It is also better to eat a modest amount of food each time, rather than to eat a lot in one meal, and then a little in the next. 　　There is no onetrick to healthy eating. Rather, healthy eating starts with having a healthy attitude towards food. One question you can ask yourself is,“Do I eat to live, or live to eat?” If you are using food mostly for nutrition, then you are on the right track with your diet. However, if food has become the centre of your life, you might be on the road to bad health. It is up to you to decide how you want to live, and to make the right decisions about your diet. 微|点|清|障 ①calorie /̍kæləri/ n. 卡路里(热量单位) ②association /ə̩səʊʃi̍eɪʃn/ n. 协会;关联 ③regardless /rɪ̍􀱹􀱷ːdləs/ adv. 不顾;不加理会 regardless of 不管;不顾 ④category /̍kætə􀱹əri/ n. 类别;种类 ⑤vitamin /̍vɪtəmɪn; NAmE ̍vaɪt⁃/ n. 维生素 ⑥fibre (especially US fiber) /̍faɪbə(r)/ n. 纤维;纤维制品 ⑦quantity /̍kwɒntəti/ n. 数量;数额 quantities of 大量 ⑧dairy /̍deəri/ adj. 奶制的;乳品(业)的　n. 乳制品;乳品店;牛奶厂 ⑨moderation /̩mɒdə̍reɪʃn/ n. 适度;合理 ⑩ideal /aɪ̍diːəl/ adj. 完美的;理想的;想象的　n. 理想;完美的人(或事物) fundamental /̩fʌndə̍mentl/ adj. 根本的;基础的;基本的　 n. 基本规律;根本法则 chew /tʃuː/ vi. & vt. 咀嚼;嚼碎 n. 咀嚼 consistent /kən̍sɪstənt/ adj. 一致的;连续的 modest /̍mɒdɪst/ adj. 些许的;谦虚的;朴素的 trick /trɪk/ n. 诀窍;计谋;把戏 have a healthy attitude towards 对……有健康的态度 健康饮食 现在关于什么是健康饮食有很多争论。例如,科学家多年来一直坚持认为,健康的一大敌人是高脂肪食物。然而,越来越多的证据表明,健康状况不佳的真正原因不是脂肪含量高的食物,而是糖。心脏病是美国人的头号杀手。在美国,每天从糖中摄入25%或更多卡路里的人死于心脏病的概率是每天摄入10%以下的人的两倍(《美国医学会杂志》,2014年)。这是真的,不管他们的饮食的其他部分有多健康。简单地说,当人们还在争论高脂肪食物是否危险时,我们已经知道糖是杀手。 这些额外的糖分大多来自糖果和甜饮料。美国人平均三分之一的糖是通过甜饮料获得的。美国心脏协会建议每天从糖中摄取的热量应控制在100-150卡路里以内,这比一罐甜饮料或一根棒棒糖所含的热量要少。换句话说,如果你想要健康,你必须少吃甜点,并且完全不喝含糖饮料。 　　此外,你可以通过食用不同种类的新鲜食物来保持健康,尤其是富含维生素和纤维的水果和蔬菜,而不是加工食品。加工食品通常含有较少的营养,而且比新鲜的原料含有更多的糖、盐和脂肪。除此之外,在你的饮食中摄入一些肉类、豆类或奶制品也很重要,因为它们提供了强健骨骼和肌肉生长所必需的蛋白质。和生活中的一切事情一样,适度是关键。理想的饮食是平衡的饮食,没有太多或太少的任何一种东西。 最后,健康饮食的一个基本要点是慢慢吃。从你开始吃东西到你的大脑告诉你的身体你已经吃饱了大约需要20分钟。这意味着,咀嚼太快的人最终会吃太多的食物,因为他们仍然感到饥饿。慢慢吃也能让你的身体更好地消化你的食物,让你更享受你的食物。此外,研究表明,有规律的饮食习惯,例如,每天在同一时间吃三顿饭,对我们的健康更好。最好每次吃适量的食物,而不是在一顿饭里吃很多,然后在下一顿饭里吃一点。 　　健康饮食没有一个诀窍。相反,健康的饮食始于对食物有一个健康的态度。你可以问自己一个问题:“我是为了生存而吃,还是为了吃而生存?”如果你主要用食物来补充营养,那么你的饮食是正确的。然而,如果食物已经成为你生活的中心,那么你可能正在通往不健康的道路上。你可以决定你想要怎样生活,并对你的饮食做出正确的决定。 语篇理解 读思练通 　 　　Read the passage carefully and do the following True or False questions. 1. Scientists think fatty food is a driver of poor health. (F) 2. If you want to be healthy, you have to cut down on desserts. (T) 3. Taking three meals a day at the same time each day is better to our health. (T) 4. Healthy eating starts with a positive attitude to food. (T) 5. We should put food in the centre of our lives. (F) 6. The way we look at food is most important. (T) 阳光晨读 新知先学 　 A组　阅读词汇知其意 1. vegetarian 　　　n. 素食者 2. junk n. 无用的东西 3. garlic n. 蒜 4. bacon n. 熏猪肉;咸肉 5. ham n. 火腿 6. sausage n. 香肠;腊肠 7. cabbage n. 甘蓝;卷心菜;洋白菜 8. brand n. 品牌 9. olive n. 油橄榄;橄榄树 10. fig n. 无花果 11. ingredient n. (尤指烹饪) 材料;成分  12. dessert n. (饭后) 甜点  13. dough n. 生面团 14. canteen n. 食堂;餐厅 15. cafeteria n. 自助餐厅;自助食堂 16. pork n. 猪肉 17. pearl n. 珍珠 18. madam n. 夫人;女士 19. calorie n. 卡路里 (热量单位)  20. category n. 类别;种类 21. vitamin n. 维生素 22. fibre n. 纤维;纤维制品 23. moderation n. 适度;合理 B组　重点词汇写其形 1. chew vi. & vt. 咀嚼;嚼碎　n. 咀嚼 2. overall adv. 总体上;大致上　adj. 全面的;综合的 3. ideal adj. 完美的;理想的;想象的　n.理想;完美的人(或事物) 4. fundamental adj. 根本的;基础的;基本的　n. 基本规律;根本法则 5. quantity n. 数量;数额 6. regardless adv. 不顾;不加理会 7. somewhat adv. 有点;稍微 8. consistent adj. 一致的;连续的 C组　派生词精准变形 1. modest adj. 些许的;谦虚的;朴素的→ modesty n. 谦虚 2. trick n. 诀窍;计谋;把戏→ tricky adj. 棘手的;难对付的 3. stable adj. 稳定的;稳重的→stability n.稳定(性);固定(性)→ unstable adj. (反)不稳定的→stably adv. 稳定地 4. associate v. 联想;联系;交往→association n.协会;关联→associated adj. 有关的;有联系的 D组　重点短语双向记 1. junk food 垃圾食品  2. red braised pork 红烧肉  3. regardless of 不管;不顾  4. heart disease　心脏病 5. keep healthy 保持健康 6. the key to ……的关键 7. pay in cash 用现金支付 E组　常考句式巧应用 先背熟 悟考点 学写句 It is up to you to decide how you want to live, and to make the right decisions about your diet. 你可以决定你想要怎样生活,并对你的饮食做出正确的决定。 It is up to sb to do“做……某人说了算” 由你来决定你想要他们采取什么措施。 It􀆳s up to you to decide what action you want them to take. 创意课堂 高效学习 重点词汇 1. And in America, people who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar are twice as likely to die from heart disease than people who receive less than 10% a day(Journal of the American Medical Association, 2014). 在美国,每天从糖中摄入25%或更多卡路里的人死于心脏病的概率是每天摄入10%以下的人的两倍(《美国医学会杂志》,2014年)。 ◆association n. 协会;关联 ①The press feels the need to associate itself with the project. 新闻界觉得有必要把自己与这个项目联系起来。 ②Scientists have drawn a conclusion that smoking is greatly associated with lung cancer. 科学家已得出结论:肺癌与吸烟密切相关。 ③It is reported that there are many health problems associated with unhealthy lifestyle. 据报道,有很多健康问题和不健康的生活方式有关。 ④Generally speaking, roses are associated(associate) with romance. 一般来说,玫瑰和浪漫有关。 ⑤We are working in association (associate)with a local company to raise money for the homeless. 我们和当地的一家公司合作为流浪汉筹款。 2. This is true regardless of how healthy the rest of their diet might be. 这是真的,不管他们的饮食的其他部分有多健康。 ◆regardless adv. 不顾;不加理会 ①She is determined to do it regardless of all consequences. 她决心不顾一切后果地做这件事。 ②Regardless of anyone􀆳s view on the subject, it􀆳s hard to imagine what life would be like without daily advancements in technology. 不管人们对这个问题的看法如何,很难想象没有每天的科技进步,生活会是什么样子。 ③Despite (=In spite of ) all our efforts to save the school, the authorities decided to close it. 尽管我们竭力想保住这所学校,当局还是决定把它关闭。 ④The club is open to everyone regardless of age, gender, or educational background. 俱乐部对所有人开放,不论年龄,性别或教育背景。 3. Processed foods often contain less nutrition, and have higher quantities of sugar, salt, and fat than fresh ingredients. 加工食品通常含有较少的营养,而且比新鲜的原料含有更多的糖、盐和脂肪。 ◆quantity n. 数量;数额 a quantity of/quantities of许多;大量 quantities of接名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 a quantity of接名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 in quantity/in large quantities大量地 ①It􀆳s believed that quantities of building materials are potentially harmful to people􀆳s body. 人们认为大量的建筑材料对人体有潜在的危害。 ②A quantity of water is needed for cooling purpose. 冷却需要大量的水。 ③If you order it in quantity/in large quantities, I think a discount will be possible. 若你是大量订购的话,我认为有可能会打折。 ④Every day in hot summer, a large quantity of beer is consumed (consume).  在炎热的夏季,每天都有大量的啤酒被饮用。 ⑤Large quantities of air conditioners have been sold(sell) since the summer is coming.  因为夏天来临,大量的空调都已经被卖出去了。 4. Finally, a fundamental key to healthy eating is to eat slowly. 最后,健康饮食的一个基本要点是慢慢吃。 ◆fundamental adj. 根本的;基础的;基本的　n. 基本规律;根本法则 fundamentally adv. 从根本上说,基本上 be fundamental to... 是……的基础 ①He taught me the fundamentals of the job. 他教给了我这个工作的基本知识。 ②As we all know,fresh air is fundamental to good health. 众所周知,新鲜的空气是良好健康的基础。 ③She is fundamentally a nice person, but she finds it difficult to communicate. 她基本上是个好人,但她觉得难以和人沟通。 5. There is no one trick to healthy eating. 健康饮食没有一个诀窍。 ◆trick n. 诀窍;计谋;把戏 ①It is acceptable to play a trick/tricks on your friends on April 1st. 在4月1日对你的朋友搞恶作剧是可以接受的。 ②They may trick people into giving personal information over the telephone. 他们可能通过电话哄骗人们提供个人信息。 ③The company was tricked out of $20 million. 那家公司被骗走了两千万美元。 ④If the neighbors do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them. 如果邻居们不给糖果,孩子们可能会捉弄他们。 重点句式 It is up to you to decide how you want to live, and to make the right decisions about your diet.你可以决定你想要的生活,并对你的饮食做出正确的决定。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 微点　It is up to sb to do sth“由某人决定做某事”,其中it作形式主语,不定式作真正的主语。 ①It is up to you to decide who will take over the project. 由你决定谁来接管这个项目。 ②It is not up to you to tell me how to do my job. 还轮不到你来告诉我怎么做工作。 up to的其他用法: (1)It is up to you.由你决定(口语)。 ③——Do you want to eat a Western or Chinese meal? 你想吃西餐还是中餐? ——It􀆳s up to you. 由你决定。 (2)be up to 胜任;该由……负责;忙于 up to(数量上)多达;(时间上)直到 ④I think Robert can be up to the position. 我认为罗伯特能胜任这个职位。 ⑤Up to millions of people were affected by this disease. 多达数百万人受到了这种疾病的影响。 (3)What is sb up to? 某人在做什么?(一般指做不好的事) What􀆳s up? 怎么了? up to now 到目前为止(常与现在完成时连用) ⑥What are you up to in your bedroom, Tony? 你在你的卧室里做什么,托尼? ⑦Up to now, many a new house has been built in the east of our town. 到目前为止,许多新房子在我们城镇的东面已被建起来了。 循环微练 以下练习中加黑体词汇是UNIT 3前几个课时的词汇重现,如有遗忘,请及时巩固。 维度1　单词的正确形式 　　根据句意以及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示,填写该单词的正确形式。 1. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of which uses it somewhat (有点) differently. 2. The majority of scientists are mmodest about their achievements no matter how exceptional they are. 3. AI can be used to promote fundamental (基础的) skills, such as mathematical education and vocabulary lessons. 4. Nutrition experts advise us, above all, to cut down on fats and to use salt and sugar in moderation. 5. There is in reality a gap between the ideal(理想) and the actual. 6. The aim of this association is to increase people􀆳s awareness of Chinese culture and traditions. 7. A large quantity (数量) of money has been spent on the project. 8. These actions are consistent with the new rules carried out by the bold government. 维度2　固定搭配和句式 　　根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面的句子(每空一词)。 1. Every problem you have is your responsibility, regardless of (不管) who caused it. 2. I have told you not to eat junk food (吃垃圾食品). 3. He cut down on coffee and cigarettes, and ate a balanced diet (均衡饮食). 4. They ordered quantities of (大量) farm implements. 5. It􀆳s up to you to (你决定) decide how to get there. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$