UNIT 1 Section 4 Using Language & Assessing(教用Word)-【赢在微点·轻松课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版2019）

Section 4　Using Language & Assessing Your Progress 阳光晨读 微点释疑 原|文|诵|读 THE FATHER OF CHINA􀆳S AEROSPACE Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China􀆳s aerospace① science than Qian Xuesen. Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic② and served his homeland with effort, achievement, and devotion, Qian was an extremely well⁃respected man. 　　Born in Shanghai in 1911, Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical③ Engineering. However, after the Songhu Battle broke out④ in 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation⑤ because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend⑥ the country. 　　Qian went to the United States in 1935 to pursue his graduate studies. Over the course of the 1930s and 1940s, Qian became a pioneer in American jet⑦ and rocket technology. As a graduate assistant⑧ at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s, Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion, and in the 1940s, he and several other people founded the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, now one of NASA􀆳s leading space⁃exploration centres. 　　After overcoming some difficulties during his final few years in the US, Qian returned to China in 1955. He received a hero􀆳s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of⑨ not only developing China􀆳s rocket science but also its space and missile⑩ programme. At that time, China was poor and its rocket science was undeveloped. No institute or university in China offered rocket science as a major, and there were no talents or experts in this field in China. Nevertheless, Qian did not let that discourage him from taking on the challenge. When asked “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles?”, his reply was a determined “Why not? We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make.” 　　Under Qian􀆳s leadership, China developed the Dongfeng missiles, followed by the first generation of Long March rockets. In 1970, China successfully launched its first man⁃made satellite, Dong Fang Hong Ⅰ, from a Long March rocket. Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou spacecrafts can also be traced back to Qian􀆳s research, Qian earned the name of “the father of China􀆳s aerospace”.  　　Qian read a lot and was extremely knowledgeable, especially in the area of frontier science research. However, what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing. His deep appreciation for art often gave him inspiration in his scientific research.  　　On 31 October 2009, the whole country was saddened by Qian􀆳s death, and people honoured and remembered him in different ways. 微|点|清|障 ①aerospace /̍eərəʊspeɪs/ n. 航空航天工业 ②patriotic /̩peɪtri̍ɒtɪk/ adj. 爱国的 ③mechanical /mə̍kænɪkl/ adj. 机械的;发动机的;机器的 mechanic /mə̍kænɪk/ n. 机械师;机械修理工 ④break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始;爆发 ⑤aviation /̩eɪvi̍eɪʃn/ n. 航空制造业;航空;飞行 ⑥defend /dɪ̍fend/ vt. 保卫;防守;辩解 ⑦jet /dʒet/ n. 喷气式飞机 ⑧assistant /ə̍sɪstənt/ n. 助理;助手 ⑨in charge of 主管;掌管 ⑩missile /̍mɪsaɪl/ n. 导弹 leadership /̍liːdəʃɪp/ n. 领导;领导地位;领导才能 followed by the first generation of Long March rockets作状语 trace /treɪs/ vt. 追溯;追踪;查出　n. 痕迹;遗迹;踪迹 outstanding /aʊt̍stændɪŋ/ adj. 优秀的;杰出的;明显的 what 引导主语从句 中国航天之父 也许没有其他科学家对中国航天科学的影响比钱学森更大。《钱学森的故事》的作者们称钱学森是一位具有“伟大的科学思想和科学精神”的爱国人士,他以自己的努力、成就和献身精神为祖国服务,深受人们的尊敬。 　　钱学森1911年出生于上海,在北京上学,之后进入上海交通大学学习铁路机械工程。然而,在1932年“淞沪会战”爆发后,钱学森决定转学航空专业,因为他意识到中国需要强大的空军来保卫国家。 　　钱学森于1935年赴美攻读研究生。在20世纪三四十年代,他成为美国喷气式飞机和火箭技术的先驱。20世纪30年代,作为加州理工学院的研究生助理,他帮助进行了火箭推进的重要研究,20世纪40年代,他和其他几个人建立了喷气推进实验室,现在是NASA的主要的空间探索中心之一。 　　钱学森在美国的最后几年克服了一些困难,于1955年回到中国。他受到了来自祖国的英雄般的欢迎,不仅负责发展中国的火箭科学,而且还负责中国的太空和导弹计划。当时,中国很穷,火箭技术也不发达。中国没有任何学院或大学开设火箭科学专业,也没有这方面的人才或专家。尽管如此,他并没有因此而放弃挑战。当被问及“我们中国人可能制造导弹吗?”他的回答很坚决:“为什么不能呢?我们中国人能做和别人一样的东西。” 　　在钱学森的领导下,中国研发了东风导弹,随后是第一代长征火箭。20世纪70年代,中国成功地用长征火箭发射了第一颗人造卫星“东方红一号”。因为神舟飞船背后的许多技术也可以追溯到钱学森的研究,钱学森赢得了“中国航天之父”的称号。 　　钱学森博览群书,知识极其渊博,尤其是在前沿科学研究领域。然而,使他成为如此杰出和有创造力的科学家的原因可能是他对其他事物的强烈兴趣,如音乐和绘画。他对艺术的深刻欣赏常给他的科学研究带来灵感。 2009年10月31日,钱学森去世,举国上下悲痛不已,人们用不同的方式纪念他。 A WORLD OF PURE THOUGHT Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and gifted scientists in physics. Most people are familiar with images of him in his wheelchair, unable to move and using a computer to talk. Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles, his world became one of abstract thought. 　　Hawking first achieved fame when he was still healthy enough to walk, as a graduate student in physics at Cambridge University in 1964. In general, there were two main theories on the origin of the universe. The first was the steady state theory, which holds that the universe has no beginning or end. The other was the big bang theory, which holds that the universe began at a single point in time and space. The biggest champion of the steady state concept was Fred Hoyle, a professor at Cambridge. During the question and answer period after one of Hoyle􀆳s lectures, Hawking stood up and pointed out that Hoyle had made a mistake in his maths. Once the maths was corrected, it showed that the big bang theory—and not the steady state theory—was true. Hawking􀆳s own work on the big bang theory was soon proven by astronomers with telescopes. A star was born. 　　So, what made Stephen Hawking a genius? Besides being brilliant, he was brave, though sometimes careless in what he said or did. He was willing to say what others were afraid to say, and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about. Furthermore, he was quite determined. This had helped him as a scientist, and had helped him even more in his fight against his disease. Above all, Hawking was willing to admit his faults. This odd combination of characteristics had made him one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries. gifted /̍􀱹ɪftɪd/ adj. 有天赋的;有天才的;天资聪慧的 come down 患(病);染上(小病) abstract /̍æbstrækt/ adj. 抽象的;理性的　n. (文献等的)摘要 steady /̍stedi/ adj. 稳定的;平稳的;稳步的 concept /̍kɒnsept/ n. 概念;观念 astronomer /ə̍strɒnəmə(r)/ n. 天文学家 astronomy /ə̍strɒnəmi/ n. 天文学 telescope /̍telɪskəʊp/ n. 望远镜 besides /bɪ̍saɪdz/ prep. 除……之外(还)　adv. 而且;此外 brilliant /̍brɪliənt/ adj. 聪颖的;绝妙的;明亮的 furthermore /̩fɜːðə̍mɔː(r)/ adv. 此外;再者 above all 最重要的是;尤其是 fault /fɔːlt/ n. 弱点;过错 一个思想纯粹的世界 斯蒂芬·霍金是最有名和最有天赋的物理学家之一。大多数人都熟悉他坐在轮椅上,无法移动,只能用电脑说话的画面。自从他得了一种使他失去大部分肌肉功能的疾病之后,他的世界就变成了一个抽象思想的世界。 　　霍金第一次出名是在1964年,当时他还是剑桥大学物理系的研究生,还很健康能走路。一般来说,关于宇宙的起源有两种主要的理论。第一个是稳恒状态理论,该理论认为宇宙没有起点和终点。另一个是大爆炸理论,它认为宇宙是从时间和空间的一个单一的点开始的。剑桥大学教授弗雷德·霍伊尔是稳恒状态理论的最大支持者。在霍伊尔的一次讲座结束后的问答环节中,霍金站了起来,指出霍伊尔在数学上犯了一个错误。一旦数学被修正,它表明大爆炸理论——而不是稳恒状态理论——是正确的。霍金自己对大爆炸理论的研究很快就被天文学家用望远镜证实了。一个明星诞生了。 　　那么,是什么让史蒂芬·霍金成为一个天才呢?除了聪明以外,他还很勇敢,尽管有时说话或做事很粗心。他愿意说别人不敢说的话,梦想别人不敢梦想的东西。此外,他是个意志坚定的人。作为一名科学家,这对他很有帮助,而且对他与疾病斗争更有帮助。最重要的是,霍金愿意承认自己的错误。这种奇特的性格组合使他成为20世纪和21世纪最伟大的思想家之一。 语篇理解 读思练通 　 　　Read the passage carefully and do the following True or False questions. 1. Qian Xuesen had a great impact on China􀆳s aerospace. (T) 2. Qian changed his major because he thought China was weak in air force. (T) 3. Our rocket science was undeveloped when Qian Xuesen returned to China in 1955. (T) 4. Once Qian was discouraged from taking on the challenge. (F) 5. What impressed us most was Qian􀆳s gift for science. (F) 6. Stephen Hawking was the most gifted scientist in chemistry. (F) 7. Hawking was willing to say what others were afraid to say. (T) 8. Hawking was a determined scientist. (T) 阳光晨读 新知先学 　 A组　阅读词汇知其意 1. microscope　n. 显微镜 2. protein n. 蛋白质 3. cell n. 细胞;小房间;单间牢房 4. virus n. 病毒 5. initial adj. 最初的;开始的;第一的 6. vaccine n. 疫苗 7. framework n. 框架;结构 8. aerospace n. 航空航天工业 9. patriotic adj.爱国的 10. mechanic n. 机械师;机械修理工 11. missile n. 导弹 12. abstract adj.抽象的;理性的　n.(文献等的)摘要 13. concept n. 概念;观念 14. astronomer n. 天文学家 15. astronomy n. 天文学 16. telescope n. 望远镜 17. brilliant adj.聪颖的;绝妙的;明亮的 B组　重点词汇写其形 1. thinking n. 思想;思维;见解 2. finding n. 发现;调查结果;(法律)判决 3. solid adj. 可靠的;固体的;坚实的 4. cast vt. 投射;向……投以(视线、笑容等);投掷 5. shadow n. 阴影;影子;背光处 6. rainbow n. 彩虹 7. pour vt. 倒出;倾泻;斟(饮料) 8. besides prep. 除……之外(还) adv. 而且;此外 9. furthermore adv. 此外;再者 10. fault n. 缺点;过错 11. shift n. 改变;转换;轮班 vi. & vt. 转移;挪动;转向 12. vivid adj. 生动的;鲜明的;丰富的 C组　派生词精准变形 1. defend vt. & vi. 保卫;防守vt. 辩解→defence n. 防御,保护,保卫;防御物 2. assist v. 帮助;援助;协助→assistance n. 帮助;援助→assistant n. 助理;助手 3. leader n. 领导者;领袖;首领→leadership n. 领导;领导地位;领导才能 4. gift n. 天赋,天才,才能→gifted adj. 有天赋的;有天才的;天资聪慧的 5. steady adj. 稳定的;平稳的;稳步的→steadily adv. 稳定地;平稳地 D组　重点短语双向记 1. theoretical framework 理论框架  2. in charge of 主管;掌管  3. above all 最重要的是;尤其是  4. come down with 患(病);染上(小病)  5. break out　　　　　(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始;爆发 6. point out 指出 7. make a mistake 犯错误 8. be willing to do sth 愿意做某事 E组　常考句式巧应用 先背熟 悟考点 学写句 Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and gifted scientists in physics. 斯蒂芬·霍金是最有名和最有天赋的物理学家之一。 one of+名词复数 笑是最具有感染力的感情表达方式之一。 Laughter is one of the most infectious expressions of emotions. 创意课堂 高效学习 重点词汇 1.You stand in front of 　　　　, and it casts different shadows of you, in 　　　　the rainbow. 你站在　　　　面前,它投下你不同的影子,　　　　彩虹。  ◆cast vt. (cast, cast) 投射;向……投以(视线、笑容等);投掷 ①While it has cast a shadow over our company, we􀆳re still hopeful about our future. 尽管它给我们公司蒙上阴影,我们仍然对我们的未来充满信心。 ②The setting sun cast an orange glow over the mountains. 橙红色的夕阳辉映着群山。 ③Seeing him approaching, she cast a welcoming smile in his direction. 看到他走过来,她向他微笑以示欢迎。 ④The fisherman cast his net into the water. 渔夫把网撒到水里。 ⑤When anxiety cast a shadow over your life, this is a serious problem. 当焦虑给你的生活蒙上阴影时,这就成了严重的问题。 ⑥Anyone would be cast down by such bad news as that. 任何人都会因这样的坏消息感到沮丧。 2. However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country. 然而,在1932年“淞沪会战”爆发后,钱学森决定转学航空专业,因为他意识到中国需要强大的空军来保卫国家。 (1)break out ①After a fire broke out in the lab, a lot of equipment was damaged. 实验室着火后,很多设备都被毁了。 ②It is bad manners to break in on others􀆳 telephone conversation. 打断别人的电话交谈是不礼貌的。 ③Peace talks broke down despite their efforts. 尽管他们很努力,合谈失败了。 ④When he returned home,he was scared to find his house broken into by someone. 当他回家时,他惊恐地发现有人闯入了他的房子。 ⑤The prisoner managed to break away from his guards. 犯人成功挣脱了看守。 (2)defend vt. 保卫,防御;(在比赛中)防守,防卫;辩解,辩白 ①All the police are trained to defend themselves from knife attacks. 所有的警察都接受过自卫训练,以免受到持刀袭击。 ②How can you defend such behaviour? 你怎能为这样的行为辩解呢? ③In defence of freedom, they decided to take up arms. 为了捍卫自由,他们决定拿起武器。 ④It is the nature of a mother to do all she can to defend her child from/against harm and dangers. 尽力保护自己的孩子免受伤害和危险是一位母亲的天性。 ⑤The traveler may fire at a wild beast to defend himself (he) in case he is attacked. 旅行者可能会朝野兽射击来自我保护以免被攻击。 ⑥Soldiers who died in defence (defend) of their country are admired. 为保卫祖国而献身的战士们被敬仰。 3. He received a hero􀆳s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China􀆳s rocket science but also its space and missile programme. 他受到了来自祖国的英雄般的欢迎,不仅负责发展中国的火箭科学,而且还负责中国的太空和导弹计划。 ①The work that is in the charge of our monitor has been finished. 由我们班长负责的工作已经做完了。 ②An experienced engineer is in charge of the project. 一位有经验的工程师负责这项工程。 ③We got the service at the restaurant free of charge. 我们在餐馆得到了免费服务。 ④Recently he was charged with charging the customers extra fees. 最近他被指控收取顾客额外费用。 ⑤I wonder who will take charge of the non⁃profit organization during his absence. 我想知道谁会在他不在时负责这个非营利组织。 ⑥He was charged with stealing money from the bank where he worked. 他被控告从他工作的银行偷钱。 4. Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and gifted scientists in physics. 斯蒂芬·霍金是最有名和最有天赋的物理学家之一。 ◆gifted adj. 有天赋的;有天才的;天资聪慧的 ①Man is the only creature that is gifted with speech. 人类是唯一天生会说话的生物。 ②I believe my father is a gifted/talented man. 我相信父亲是一个有天赋的人。 ③She is not only gifted/talented in music but also familiar with all kinds of musical instruments. 她不仅在音乐方面有天赋,也熟悉各种乐器。 ④Most of the best lawyers and salespeople really have a gift/talent for persuasion. 大多数律师和销售人员真的在劝说方面有天赋。 ⑤The smart boy is gifted (gift) in math, and no one else in his class equals him in it. 这个聪明的男孩在数学方面有天赋,班里没有人在这方面比得过他。 ⑥She has a great gift for art and is good at painting. 她极具艺术天赋,擅长绘画。 5.Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles, his world became one of abstract thought. 自从他得了一种使他失去大部分肌肉功能的疾病之后,他的世界就变成了一个抽象思想的世界。 ①Unfortunately, he came down with flu while visiting Shanghai. 不幸的是,他来上海玩时染上了流感。 ②When will her new book come out? 她的新书什么时候出版? ③When I came across my cousin, he was polishing his second⁃hand car in the garage. 当我偶遇我表弟时,他正在车库擦他的二手车。 ④I wonder how it came about that he was two hours late on such a short trip. 我想知道他这么短的路程怎么会迟到两小时。 ⑤We hope she can come up with a more practical plan at the seminar. 我们希望她在研讨会上能提出更实用的计划。 6.Besides being brilliant, he was brave, though sometimes careless in what he said or did. 除了聪明以外,他还很勇敢,尽管有时说话或做事很粗心。 ◆besides prep.除……之外(还)　adv. 而且;此外 辨析:except, besides, except for except 用作介词的意思是“除……之外”,后加宾语常表示从整体中剔除一部分,后排除的内容与主语往往是同一类的 besides 用作介词的意思是“除……之外”,用在肯定句中指更进一步的拥有,即包括besides后所列的内容在内;用在否定句或疑问句中则指只有besides所包括的内容,即“除……之外(不或没有)” except for 后所排除的内容与主语往往不是同一类的 ①Besides working as a doctor,he also writes poems in his spare time. 除了当医生外,他还在业余时间写诗。 ②Bicycling benefits your health; besides, it is good for the environment. 骑行对你的健康有益处;此外,它对环境也有好处。 ③Everything was fine except for the bad weather. 一切都很好除了天气不好。 ④We take exercise every day except Sunday. 我们每天都锻炼除了星期天。 ⑤I have finished all the homework except the last question. 我已经完成了所有作业,除了最后一个问题。 ⑥It􀆳s too late to go shopping now; besides, it􀆳s going to rain. 现在去购物太晚了;况且要开始下雨了。 重点句式 Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and gifted scientists in physics. 斯蒂芬·霍金是最有名和最有天赋的物理学家之一。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 微点　本句是“one of+名词复数”结构,表示“其中一个”。 (1)当one of作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 (2)one of+最高级+名词复数,表示“最……的之一”。 (3)one of用在定语从句中时,从句的谓语动词的单复数,看one前有没有定冠词the来区分。 ①One of the gangsters was caught by the police. 其中一名歹徒被警方抓获。 ②One of my friends is him. 他是我的一个朋友。 ③Friendship is one of the greatest pleasures that we can enjoy. 友谊是我们能享受的最大乐趣之一。 ④That was one of the strangest incidents in my life. 那是我一生中最奇怪的事情之一。 ⑤This is one of the best televisions on the market. 这是市场上最好的电视机之一。 ⑥He is the only one of the boys who enjoys playing basketball. 他是唯一一个喜欢打篮球的男孩。 ⑦He is one of the boys who enjoy playing basketball. 他是喜欢打篮球的男孩之一。 循环微练 以下练习中加黑体词汇是UNIT 1前几个课时的词汇重现,如有遗忘,请及时巩固。 维度1　单词的正确形式 　　根据句意以及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示,填写该单词的正确形式。 1. Would you like me to pour (倾倒)another cup of tea for you? 2. He is a brilliant and gifted Australian photographer. 3. A lot of people don􀆳t like abstract (抽象的) art. 4. He is proud of his children and blind to their faults (过错). 5. I am writing to apply for the position as the assistant (助理) of the general manager. 6. He is fit for the job; furthermore, he is easy to deal with. 7. The witness gave us a vivid (生动的)account of the severe accident. 8. Under his leadership, we succeeded in finding the suspect. 维度2　固定搭配和句式 　　根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面的句子(每空一词)。 1. He is in charge of (负责) the school work. 2. Above all (最重要的是), chairs should be comfortable. 3. He had come down (染上) with the flu. 4. He was 29 when the war broke out (爆发). 5. It is hoped that the readers will kindly point out (指出) our errors. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$