UNIT 2 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language（Word教参）-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册（人教版2024）

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language 动词不定式(短语)作主语 Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填写下面教材中的句子，并体会其语法特征。 1．(教材P14)However, during this period, it can be easy for some of them to form (form) bad habits. 2．(教材P14) To prevent (prevent) harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager's life is essential. 3．(教材P14) To change (change) bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts. 4．(教材P15) To facilitate (facilitate) a positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them. 5．(教材P15)After all, it is not easy to break (break) bad habits. Ⅱ.根据以上例句填空。 1．句1、2、3、5为动词不定式短语作 主语 。 2．句4为动词不定式短语作 状语 。 3．句1、5中的it是 形式主语 ，真正的 主语 是后面的动词不定式短语。 动词不定式作主语通常表示个别的、具体的、一次性的或者具有将来含义的动作，并且句子谓语动词采用第三人称单数形式。常见的不定式作主语的情况主要有三类： 一、不定式直接作主语 不定式具有名词的特征， 可在句子中充当主语。 ►To know something about English is one thing; to know English is quite another.懂一点英语是一回事； 掌握英语完全是另一回事。 ►To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness one can get. 爱与被爱是一个人能获得的最大幸福。 ►To look after these naughty boys is really difficult. 照看这些淘气的男孩真的很难。 [提示] 不定式和动名词作主语的区别： (1)不定式作主语：表示具体的某次动作， 特别是将来的动作。 ►To teach you the uses of the infinitive is my job today.(表具体行为) 教你们不定式的用法是我今天的工作。 (2)动名词作主语：表示比较抽象的、经常性的、一般性动作。 ►Teaching is my job.(表抽象行为) 教学是我的工作。 [即时训练1]——单句语法填空 (1) To finish (finish) reading the book will take you two hours. (2) To pay (pay) a visit to the Forbidden City is my dream. (3)To improve people's lives and to speed up socialist construction are (be) two important tasks today. (4)(2023·新课标Ⅰ) Taking (take) responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don't beat yourself up about them. 二、it作形式主语 1．It is＋形容词(＋for/of sb)＋to do sth ►It is necessary for us to master a foreign language.我们有必要掌握一门外语。 ►It is very kind of you to help us. 你帮助我们真是太好了。 [提示] 区别for 与of (1)for sb 的句型常用来表示事物的特征， 其前常用表示客观形式的形容词， 如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等。 ►It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门语言是很难的。 (2)of sb 的句型一般用表示人物的性格、品质， 其前常用表示主观感情或态度的形容词， 如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right等。 ►It was careless of him to make such a mistake. ＝He was careless to make such a mistake. 犯了这样的错误，他太粗心了。 2．It is ＋a/an/one's ＋名词(如a pity/a shame/a pleasure/an honor/one's duty…)＋to do… ►It's a great honor to be invited to your birthday party. 很荣幸被邀请参加你的生日聚会。 3．It takes/costs/requires/makes sb/sth to do sth ►It took me two hours to finish the work. 我完成那项工作用了两个小时。 [提示] 在It is＋no use/no good/useless/fun/enjoyable/tiring/interesting/foolish/ nice/a waste of time/a pleasure…句型中，常用动名词形式作真正的主语。 ►It is no use waiting here doing nothing. 无所事事地等待是没有用的。 [即时训练2]——单句语法填空 (1)(2023·全国甲改编)It's good to eat (eat) things at the correct time, when they're in season, and as close as possible to where they were grown. (2)It is good manners for the young to give (give) their seats to the old. (3)(2024·新课标Ⅰ改编)With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make (make) observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application. (4)It is no use arguing (argue) with him, for he is so stubborn. 三、“疑问词＋动词不定式(短语)”结构 动词不定式(短语)可与疑问词when, where, how, what, which, who等组合，在句中作主语。 ►Where to hold the meeting is still unknown. 会议地点还未知。 ►How to solve the problem has not been decided yet. 如何解决这个问题还未确定。 [即时训练3]——单句语法填空 (1)How to cure (cure) this kind of illness is still unknown. (2)Whether to do (do) it or not has not been decided. (3)How to deal (deal) with such a person hasn't been known yet. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Whether to hold (hold) a party this weekend hasn't been known yet. 2． Bringing/To bring (bring) together Western Medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine, rather than in competition is where the potential for great effects lies. 3． To look (look) after my pets properly takes a lot of time but I find it worthwhile. 4．It took years of work to reduce (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. 5．It will take a nutrition specialist an hour for you to make (make) a balanced diet menu. 6．There is a famous saying, “ To see (see) is to believe.” 7．Although it is a hard task to protect our environment, we can't help but go ahead. 8．In a way, to love (love) nature is to love mankind itself. 9．It is no use offering (offer) some money to him, for he lacks courage. 10．It's too impolite of you to speak (speak) to your teacher like this. Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．我很荣幸和你分享如何与父母和睦相处的观点。 ① To share with you my opinions on how to get along well with our parents is a great honour for me.(to do作主语) ② It is a great honour for me to share with you my opinions on how to get along well with our parents.(it作形式主语) 2．被一所重点大学录取是我一直追求的目标。 To be admitted to/into a key university is the goal I have been pursuing. 3．哭没有用，而且只有努力才能改变你现在糟糕的处境。 It is no use crying , and it is hard work that can change your present terrible situation. 4．已经决定什么时候举行水果采摘活动了。(疑问词＋to do) ① When to hold the fruit-picking activity has been decided . ② It has been decided when to hold the fruit-picking activity . 5．说实话，怎样使孩子们更努力学习是一个大问题。 To be honest, how to make the children work harder is a big problem. (教材P16)We need to make up our minds and show some discipline, and make small changes over time.我们需要下定决心，约束自己的行为，逐渐做一些小的改变。 make up one's mind　下定决心 keep one's mind on　专心于 bear/keep in mind 记住， 牢记 change one's mind 改变主意 come to one's mind 忽然想起 [提示] make up one's mind和change one's mind中，mind的单复数要随其前one's的单复数而发生变化。 I have made up my mind to study harder and make greater progress so as to be a great person as you.为了成为像你一样伟大的人， 我已经下定决心更加努力学习， 取得更大进步。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)We make up our minds (mind) to go to the country for our holiday. (2)The boy grasped the money firmly as if he was afraid that the baker would change his (he) mind. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (3)你必须记住，一旦你下定决心，在达到最初的目标之前，你绝不能改变主意。 You must keep in mind that once you have made up your mind , you mustn't change your mind until you achieve your initial goal. (教材P16)Life is composed of many elements, such as family, friends, study, work, entertainment, and so on.生活是由许多要素组成的，如家庭、朋友、学习、工作和娱乐等。 compose　vt.& vi.组成；作曲；撰写 ①由……组成(或构成) ②compositionn.组成；构成；创作；作品 composern.作曲家 (以文助写)I have learned that the exhibition is composed of dozens of masterpieces painted by Chinese famous artists, such as Xu Beihong, Qi Baishi, Zhang Daqian. 我了解到，这次展览汇集了中国著名画家徐悲鸿、齐白石、张大千的几十幅名作。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)He was the first Russian composer (compose) whose music made a lasting impression internationally. [习作练笔]——一句多译 (2)由个人或集体朗诵和才艺表演组成的中国古典文学朗诵比赛受到所有学生的欢迎。 ①A Chinese Classics Reciting contest which is composed of reciting Chinese classics individually or in a group and talent shows is popular with all the students. ②A Chinese Classics Reciting contest which is made up of reciting Chinese classics individually or in a group and talent shows is popular with all the students. ③A Chinese Classics Reciting contest which consists of reciting Chinese classics individually or in a group and talent shows is popular with all the students. (教材P16)Make small changes each day and your lifestyle will become healthier.每天做一些小的改变，你的生活方式会变得更健康。 句型：祈使句＋and＋陈述句 ①祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝If…，＋主句 ②祈使句＋or/otherwise/or else＋陈述句＝If…not…，＋主句 ③名词词组＋and＋陈述句 Form good habits of learning and you will improve your learning efficiency. ＝If you form good habits of learning, you will improve your learning efficiency. 养成良好的学习习惯，就能提高学习效率。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)A bit more effort, and you will make (make) more progress in your English learning. (2)Work hard or/otherwise you will fall behind other students. (教材P17)It was not polite to disturb your neighbours with loud music last night. 昨晚用吵闹音乐打扰邻居是不礼貌的。 disturb　vt.打扰；搅乱；使烦恼 disturbed　　adj.心神不安的；心烦意乱的；烦恼的 disturbing adj.令人不安的； 烦扰的 undisturbed adj.不受干扰的； 未被打搅的 If you get up early, try not to disturb everyone else. 如果你起得早，尽量不要打扰其他人。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)I was deeply disturbed (disturb) and depressed by the news. (2)We can't focus on our homework because of the disturbing (disturb) noise. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$