热点03.“轻断食”“断碳水”真的管用吗-2025年中考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练(北京专用)

热点03 “轻断食”“断碳水”真的管用吗 (如何控制体重) 有关体重与健康的英语阅读主题围绕“轻断食”“断碳水”等流行减肥方法的科学性与争议展开，属于社会热点与健康科普的交叉领域。材料通常以“质疑流行观点—科学验证—提出解决方案”为逻辑主线，例如通过对比短期减重效果（如水分流失）与长期健康风险（代谢紊乱、营养失衡）‌，引导学生辩证看待减肥方法的有效性。同时，主题会融入健康体重管理的核心要素（如热量控制、运动干预），强调理论与实践的结合，符合初中生认知发展的需求。 阅读‌语篇选材多采用‌说明文‌与‌议论文‌结合的混合体裁。‌说明文部分通过科学实验数据（如BMI指数计算‌）、权威机构建议（如国家卫健委指南）解释“断碳水”的生理机制与潜在危害；‌议论文部分以观点对比（如“快速减肥”与“均衡饮食”）引发批判性思考，并引用具体案例（如因断碳水导致内分泌失调的案例‌）增强说服力。语篇语言兼具专业性（如代谢率、卡路里等术语‌）与生活化表达（如“身体像发动机”的类比），便于学生理解抽象概念。 此类材料的命题设计紧扣中考英语阅读的三大题型特点：‌主旨题要求归纳健康减重的核心理念（如“合理饮食+规律运动”‌），需通过首尾段主题句定位答案‌；‌推断题‌考查对隐性信息的理解，例如根据“轻断食可能导致肌肉流失”的表述‌，推断科学减脂的关键在于保留肌肉‌；‌细节题聚焦数据与事实（如“每日500-600卡轻断食方案”‌），需快速定位关键词（如数字、专有名词‌）完成匹配。 （建议用时：40分钟） “身材”“腰臀比”与“体重指数”等 Passage 1 ①During the Han Dynasty people preferred small waists, while in the Tang Dynasty people admired plumpness (圆润), considering it a symbol of beauty. Until this day, people’s build is still a hot topic. ②Now some girls don’t feel confident if they have a pear-shaped build, with hips that are wider than the bust and shoulders. Many pear-shaped girls try to hide their hips and legs under large dresses and pants. ③However, a recent study suggested that pear-shaped people are the ones who won the genetic lottery (基因彩票)! ④The study by the US National Library of Medicine found that the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR, 腰臀比) shows the strongest relationship with death. Traditionally, the BMI (体重指数) has been considered the best way to judge whether a person is healthy or not. However, this study challenges this conclusion. After surveying nearly 40,000 people, scientists found no matter what a person’s BMI is, the larger his WHR is, the easier he will die. Instead of focusing on how much fat a person has, scientists suggest people should focus more on where the fat is in a person’s body. ⑤WHR, as its name suggests, compares your waist to your hip. A larger waist means morecentral fat, which could mean more visceral fat (内脏脂肪). More visceral fat increases the risk of illnesses. That’s why people with a pear-shaped body are always healthier than others. According to the World Health Organization, a healthy WHR is less than 0.85 for women and less than 0.9 for men. ⑥Researchers from Johns Hopkins University suggested we should focus more on health instead of the build. As middle school students, since we are growing, it’s pretty common to put on some weight and get bigger. We can’t control our natural body types, but we can control our health. 1．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．Small waist. B．Plumpness. C．The good build. D．Pear-shaped body. 2．Which of the following should girls focus more on according to the passage? A．They should try to keep their BMI as low as possible to get good health. B．They should keep their WHR within the healthy limit of less than 0.85. C．They only need to make their waists as small as possible to look pretty. D．They should focus on cutting down both BMI and WHR to the lowest. 3．Which of the following shows the structure of this passage? A．①②/③/④/⑤⑥ B．①/②/③④/⑤⑥ C．①②/③/④⑤/⑥ D．①/②/③④⑤/⑥ 4．What may happen according to the passage? A．Pear-shaped girls will stop wearing large clothes. B．Doctors won’t use BMI to check people’s health. C．People will care more about WHR for health. D．Schools will teach more about body shapes. Passage 2 ①Americans spend billions of dollars each year trying to change their weight. Just having an eating health care costs nearly $2,000 per person in the US. Why are so many people trying their best to look “perfect”? ②One reason is that society rewards (奖励) people who are thin and healthy-looking. Researches have shown that a good body shape has something to do with wages (工资), especially for women. That means how much you’re paid every month partly depends on how your boss considers your body shape. ③Besides, women always care more about their weight than men. They always think they’ re heavier than they actually are. ④However, trying to look “perfect” has a dark side: worry, depression (抑郁) and unhealthy ways to lose weight. ⑤Tom Quinn, a doctor working for WHO, says people who aren’t satisfied with their body shape might develop an eating problem. “This is only one of many illnesses that it can lead to.” he says. ⑥So how can we start to deal with a problem that has been around for years? State of Michigan has done something to stop this kind of discrimination (歧视) on body shape. Michigan changed laws—whoever treats others less fairly just because of their body shape would be punished. ⑦I believe more actions will be taken to protect our rights. Hope people always put their health first and give up the idea of having a “perfect” body shape. 1．According to the writer, a girl who wants to look perfect MAY NOT be ________. A． B． C． D． 2．What can we infer from the passage? A．A good body shape has nothing to do with men’s wages in the workplace. B．Women care more about whether they have a good body shape than men do. C．Fewer and fewer people might be treated unfairly for their imperfect body shape. D．Most of the people who have a perfect body shape can get another $2,000 every month. 3．What’s the purpose of writing this passage? A．To show people the importance of having a good body shape. B．To tell people the way to get higher wages in their workplace. C．To warn bosses not to treat others unfairly for their imperfect body shape. D．To make people less worried about body shape and protect themselves. 4．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 肥胖症：原因及危害 Passage 1 Obesity (肥胖症) is becoming a serious problem among people of all ages now. It is said that about 41.1% of Chinese men and 27.7% of Chinese women are overweight or obese. How do I know whether I am overweight? Work out your Body Mass Index (BMI) (身体质量指数). BMI=Weight(kg)/Height²(m²) Heart problems             High blood pressure    High blood sugar          Cancer (癌症)                         Eating too much Poor sleep Ways to Control Your Weight *Drink a lot of water. *Eat more fruit and vegetables.  *Exercise a lot. *Keep an eye on your weight. *Stay away from food with high sugar or fat. *Relax and have enough sleep.Reasons for Obesity  1．If Nick is considered obese, his BMI may be ________. A．23 B．28 C．32 2．Which of the following can be put in “________”? A．Results of Obesity B．Ways of Losing Weight C．An Introduction to Being Obese 3．What can we learn from the text? A．You may get obese because of enough sleep. B．BMI is a number that can tell if you’re obese. C．Obesity is a serious problem only in teenagers. 4．We may read this text from the section of ________ in a newspaper. A．Health Care B．Eating Customs C．Science Window Passage 2 In our busy society where food is readily available (可得到的) from delivery (递送) services and fast food restaurants, almost one in three American adults is now considered to be obese. Childhood obesity is also at an all-time high. Obesity means very overweight. If you are obese, you have too much body-fat. Doctors define(定义) obesity as having a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or higher, and overweight as having a BMI of 25 to 30. If you eat more food than your body can use, this will make you put on weight. Food that your body does not need as energy will be stored as fat by your body. The following are the major factors that increase the risk of obesity. What you eat plays a major role in weight gain. Eating a lot of fattening foods such as hamburgers, sweet drinks, ice creams and other sweet and fatty foods can increase the risk of becoming obese. If you do not do enough exercise, you will put on weight as the food you eat is not being used to make energy for physical activities. The chances of you being obese are greater if your parents are obese. There are many psychological (心理的) factors that cause people to eat too much. People who are stressed, unhappy or bored will often eat to make themselves feel better. This is known as comfort eating. Age is another factor, as you tend to be less active when you get older. The amount of muscle in your body usually decreases (下降) as you get older and this causes the metabolism (新陈代谢) to slow down. As a result of these changes, you need to eat less, and if you do not eat less as you grow older, you will put on weight. Obesity can cause many health disorders such as high blood pressure, diabetes (糖尿病), heart problems, cancer and many other serious medical conditions. 1．What causes older people to become obese? A．Eating too little while exercising too much. B．Sleeping all day. C．Having too much beer while young. D．Slower metabolism. 2．The underlined sentence “Childhood obesity is also at an all-time high.” suggests that ________. A．all the American children are obese B．there are more obese children than before C．there are fewer obese children in the USA D．obesity does no harm to health 3．Which of the following statements about obesity is true? A．Obesity and overweight are actually the same. B．Eating too much increase the risk of obesity. C．Only children can be obese. D．Exercise makes no difference to obesity. 4．What is the next paragraph of this article most probably about? A．How doctors treat disease. B．How diseases are caused by obesity. C．How to avoid obesity. D．How to get used to the busy life in the USA． 体重背后的科学 Passage 1 Is there a best time to sleep? Actually, you have an amazing biological clock (生物钟) inside your body which can tell you some true facts. From 11 p.m. to 3 a.m., your liver (肝脏) gets larger when filled with more blood and it lets the rubbish in your body out. If you go to sleep at 11 p.m., you have 4 hours to clean out the rubbish. And If you sleep at 2 a.m., there’s only one hour to go. What if you sleep after 3 a.m.? Unfortunately, you won’t have any time to clean yourself! If you continue with this sleeping habit, there will be more toxins (毒素) in your body. You know what will happen next. What if you go to bed late and wake up late? Did you realize you felt very tired the next day no matter how much you slept? Going to bed late is very bad for your health. Besides not having enough time to clean your body, you will miss out on other important body functions, too. From 3 a.m. to 5 a.m., you should exercise and breathe in fresh air to take in good energy into your body. And from 7 a.m. to 9 a.m., it’s the best time to have breakfast. This is your most important meal in a day. Not having breakfast causes lots of health problems in the future. So you must know the importance of your biological clock. If you have much work to do until late at night, why not go to bed early and wake up early to do it? You’ll get the same time, but your body will get fit. 1．What time are you supposed to go to bed? A．At 11 p.m. B．At 2 a.m. C．At 3 a.m. D．At 5 a.m. 2．What will happen to you if you always go to bed late? A．You’ ll lose weight. B．You’ ll do more work. C．Your liver will get larger. D．There will be more toxins in your body. 3．The underlined word“ functions” in Paragraph 4 probably means ________ in Chinese. A．素质 B．功能 C．释放 D．消化 4．Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage? A．The liver helps clean out the rubbish in the body. B．It’s best to have breakfast between 7 a. m. to 9 a. m. C．It’s necessary to stay up late if there’s much work to do. D．You’d better enjoy a good sleep from 1 1 p.m. to 3 a.m. 5．What does the passage mainly tell us? A．Follow your biological clock and you’ll get fit. B．Do different things in different times of a day. C．Doing exercise is quite necessary. D．Go to bed as early as possible. Passage 2 What makes people gain weight? This seems like a simple enough question to answer. If we eat a lot and don’t do enough exercise, we will become fat. However, the science behind weight problem is more complicated (复杂的) than we think. As we know, what we eat greatly affects (影响) our weight. It is widely accepted that people have 100% control what they eat and how much they eat. This, however, is only partly true. People form habits around food at a young age. You may not touch vegetables while overeating delicious beef. Also, the serving size and the background music can both affect how much we eat. Our bodies themselves can decide whether we are more likely to gain weight or lose weight. Scientists have found that the more delicious the food tastes, the more excited our brains get. If we often have delicious food, over time, our brains will change. Compared to people of normal weight, fat people feel more excited when they see delicious food. Also, our bodies use a variety of hormones (多种激素) to tell our brains whether they are hungry or full. Ghrelin (胃饥饿素), for example, tells the brain that the body wants food. Leptin (瘦素), meanwhile, tells the brain that it’s time to stop eating. Normally, ghrelin and leptin help us to maintain a healthy weight. But sometimes, they may work improperly. As we get fatter, the levels of leptin in our bodies rise. Our brains are told not to eat all the time. In the end, they would no longer trust leptin and would stop replying to its “warnings”. When we start to lose weight, leptin levels drop. Our brains think we are hungry and make us find food to eat. Now you know why fat people often have a hard time losing weight. They may have tried very hard, but their bodies are working against their will. 1．Why does the writer use a question to start the passage? A．To interest readers. B．To collect answers. C．To express doubt. D. To give advice. 2．Which of the following affect how much we eat according to paragraph 2? ①Eating habits    ②Eating partners    ③Serving size    ④Background music    ⑤Cooking skills A．①②④ B．①③④ C．③④⑤ D.①④⑤ 3．What does the underlined word “maintain” in paragraph 4 mean? A．恢复 B．影响 C．保持 D.表现 4．Why is it harder for fat people to lose weight? A．Because they always give up halfway. B．Because their bodies don’t follow their will. C．Because their hormones disappear more quickly. D. Because they have to fill their stomachs. “素食”与“零食式锻炼” Passage 1 Some people decide to stop eating meat and begin to accept a vegan (素食) diet because of health reasons. This way of eating avoids all animal products, including meat, fish, milk, eggs and even honey. Making the change can be a challenge for people who often have dairy and meat in their diet, according to Dena Champion, a dietitian, an expert on diet and nutrition (营养学), from Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center. She added that starting a vegan diet could change your body in certain ways. It might even offer some health benefits. Reduced body weight Instead of high-fat proteins like bacon and beef, vegans get their protein from plant-based sources such as tofu, beans, soy milk, and so on. “This can lead to losing weight. Considering that two-thirds of Americans are overweight, this can have a positive effect on body shape and health”, says Kailey Proctor, a dietitian at St. Joseph Hospital in California. Improved blood sugar control Because being overweight is a major risk for developing diabetes (糖尿病), losing weight can lower that risk. There was one study from some experts published in the magazine Nutrients in 2018. The experts chose some overweight people with no history of diabetes to switch to a vegan diet. Then they followed them for 16 weeks. Improvements and better effects are seen in those people in controlling blood sugar levels. Reduced cancer risk There’s also the chance to reduce your risk of developing cancer. “Vegan diets, when planned correctly, are also very high in fruits, vegetables and whole grains. These plant-based foods have been shown to reduce the risk of cancer.”says Proctor. We should always focus on consuming whole, fresh foods as much as possible. It’s important to make sure you’re getting enough nutrients for your health. 1．Which one belongs to a vegan diet? A．Meat, fish, milk. B．Eggs, honey, soy milk. C．Tofu, beans, milk. D．Tofu, beans, soy milk. 2．What does the underlined word “This” probably refer to? A．The foods that contain high-fat proteins. B．The way that the vegans get their protein. C．The fact that two-thirds of Americans are overweight. D．The diet that may have a bad effect on people’s bodies. 3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? (Subheadings are not paragraphs) A．The reason for losing weight. B．The reason for being diabetes. C．A study of getting too much weight. D．A study of controlling blood sugar. 4．What’s the structure of the article? (P=Paragraph) A． B． C． D． 5．Which of the following is the best title for the article? A．How to reduce body weight B．How to control blood sugar C．What a vegan diet can bring to people D．What we can do to reduce cancer risk Passage 2 What should you do when you can’t find the time to do a long workout? Have you heard of exercise snacks (零食式锻炼)? Exercise snacks are a popular new way for people to stay fit. Instead of spending hours on the playground, people break that “large meal” into exercise “snacks”. These exercises can last anywhere from 20 seconds to two minutes. Then you can have a rest for 30 minutes to four hours before another snack. It is reported that exercise snacks can be as useful as traditional exercise methods (方式). Just three exercise snacks a day can benefit (使受益) your physical health. Besides that, there are lots of other benefits. Your concentration (专注力) and creativity get better. Also, “snacking” throughout (贯穿) the day stops you from sitting too long. There are so many acceptable (可接受的) exercise snacks, like doing sit-ups, jumping rope or running up and down some stairs (楼梯). But for those who don’t know where to start, here are some helpful exercise choices: Exercises such as lifting weights will satisfy (满足) the needs. Since most people don’t keep weights at their offices, lift full water bottles. Squats (深蹲)—moving your body as if to sit down while keeping your back straight. Five to ten of these should make a good snack. For those who don’t like traditional exercises, simply turn up the music. Pick a lively song and start dancing. It’ll make for a fun workout. What are you waiting for? Let’s get moving. Your body will thank you for it! 1．How long can an exercise snack last according to the passage? A．Twenty seconds to two minutes. B．Thirty minutes to four hours. C．Five to ten minutes. D．Twenty minutes to two minutes. 2．Which is an acceptable exercise snack mentioned in the passage? A．Doing math exercises. B．Eating snacks. C．Doing sit-ups. D．Resting 3．What is the writer’s attitude (态度) to exercise snacks? A．Doubtful. B．Unclear. C．Welcome. D．Disliked. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To change traditional eating habits. B．To introduce a popular new way to stay fit. C．To encourage people to do long-time outdoor exercise. D．To advise people to eat some snacks to keep fit. Have you ever wished you could change something about your body? If so, you're not alone. Many people use apps (手机软件) like MeituXiuxiu to edit photos before posting them on social media. Some teenagers are even having plastic surgery (整容) at an early age. Zeng, a senior 2 student from Chengdu, had a double eyelid surgery done this summer. She and many of her classmates believe bigger eyes look more beautiful. As teenagers' bodies grow and change, they become aware of the smallest flaw (缺陷) in their looks. They are very worried about it. This can affect their health. According to Huxiu News, over 60 percent of girls refuse to take part in some daily activities such as going to school, because they feel bad about their looks. As much as 31 percent of teenagers do not want to speak up in class because they worry that others will notice their looks. One of the main causes is advertising, TV shows and social media. Pictures of "perfect" faces and bodies are everywhere. They suggest that having large eyes, pale skin and skinny bodies is the only way to be beautiful. Magazines give tips about how to lose weight "in days". Advertisements suggest that you should whiten your skin using certain products. And TV shows often make fun of overweight characters. Seeing all these things can make people believe that they should change their bodies. So what should we do? According to Nancy Etcoff of the Harvard Media School, "We need to help young people in many ways. These ways can include educating students about body confidence in school, as well as encouraging parents to talk to their kids about his topic. After all, beauty comes in all shapes and sizes" Etcoff said. 阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 1．How do teenagers probably feel when they are aware of the smallest flaw in their looks? 2．How many girls refuse to take part in some daily activities because of the bad feeling about their looks? 3．What are "perfect" faces and bodies according to advertising, TV shows and social media? 4．What does it mean by saying" .... beauty comes in all shapes and sizes "? 5．What can you do to make yourself look and feel your best? Please list two ways. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 热点03 “轻断食”“断碳水”真的管用吗 (如何控制体重) 有关体重与健康的英语阅读主题围绕“轻断食”“断碳水”等流行减肥方法的科学性与争议展开，属于社会热点与健康科普的交叉领域。材料通常以“质疑流行观点—科学验证—提出解决方案”为逻辑主线，例如通过对比短期减重效果（如水分流失）与长期健康风险（代谢紊乱、营养失衡）‌，引导学生辩证看待减肥方法的有效性。同时，主题会融入健康体重管理的核心要素（如热量控制、运动干预），强调理论与实践的结合，符合初中生认知发展的需求。 阅读‌语篇选材多采用‌说明文‌与‌议论文‌结合的混合体裁。‌说明文部分通过科学实验数据（如BMI指数计算‌）、权威机构建议（如国家卫健委指南）解释“断碳水”的生理机制与潜在危害；‌议论文部分以观点对比（如“快速减肥”与“均衡饮食”）引发批判性思考，并引用具体案例（如因断碳水导致内分泌失调的案例‌）增强说服力。语篇语言兼具专业性（如代谢率、卡路里等术语‌）与生活化表达（如“身体像发动机”的类比），便于学生理解抽象概念。 此类材料的命题设计紧扣中考英语阅读的三大题型特点：‌主旨题要求归纳健康减重的核心理念（如“合理饮食+规律运动”‌），需通过首尾段主题句定位答案‌；‌推断题‌考查对隐性信息的理解，例如根据“轻断食可能导致肌肉流失”的表述‌，推断科学减脂的关键在于保留肌肉‌；‌细节题聚焦数据与事实（如“每日500-600卡轻断食方案”‌），需快速定位关键词（如数字、专有名词‌）完成匹配。 （建议用时：40分钟） “身材”“腰臀比”与“体重指数”等 Passage 1 ①During the Han Dynasty people preferred small waists, while in the Tang Dynasty people admired plumpness (圆润), considering it a symbol of beauty. Until this day, people’s build is still a hot topic. ②Now some girls don’t feel confident if they have a pear-shaped build, with hips that are wider than the bust and shoulders. Many pear-shaped girls try to hide their hips and legs under large dresses and pants. ③However, a recent study suggested that pear-shaped people are the ones who won the genetic lottery (基因彩票)! ④The study by the US National Library of Medicine found that the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR, 腰臀比) shows the strongest relationship with death. Traditionally, the BMI (体重指数) has been considered the best way to judge whether a person is healthy or not. However, this study challenges this conclusion. After surveying nearly 40,000 people, scientists found no matter what a person’s BMI is, the larger his WHR is, the easier he will die. Instead of focusing on how much fat a person has, scientists suggest people should focus more on where the fat is in a person’s body. ⑤WHR, as its name suggests, compares your waist to your hip. A larger waist means morecentral fat, which could mean more visceral fat (内脏脂肪). More visceral fat increases the risk of illnesses. That’s why people with a pear-shaped body are always healthier than others. According to the World Health Organization, a healthy WHR is less than 0.85 for women and less than 0.9 for men. ⑥Researchers from Johns Hopkins University suggested we should focus more on health instead of the build. As middle school students, since we are growing, it’s pretty common to put on some weight and get bigger. We can’t control our natural body types, but we can control our health. 1．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．Small waist. B．Plumpness. C．The good build. D．Pear-shaped body. 2．Which of the following should girls focus more on according to the passage? A．They should try to keep their BMI as low as possible to get good health. B．They should keep their WHR within the healthy limit of less than 0.85. C．They only need to make their waists as small as possible to look pretty. D．They should focus on cutting down both BMI and WHR to the lowest. 3．Which of the following shows the structure of this passage? A．①②/③/④/⑤⑥ B．①/②/③④/⑤⑥ C．①②/③/④⑤/⑥ D．①/②/③④⑤/⑥ 4．What may happen according to the passage? A．Pear-shaped girls will stop wearing large clothes. B．Doctors won’t use BMI to check people’s health. C．People will care more about WHR for health. D．Schools will teach more about body shapes. 【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了“身材”这一热门话题，涉及到“腰臀比”和“体重指数”等概念。 1．词句猜测题。根据“while in the Tang Dynasty people admired plumpness, considering it a symbol of beauty.”可知，此处代词指代前面的“圆润”。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“According to the World Health Organization, a healthy WHR is less than 0.85 for women”可知，女性应该把腰臀比控制在少于0.85的健康线以内。故选B。 3．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，文章第一段导入身材这一话题；第二段介绍一些女孩误以为梨形身材不好；第三、四、五段则解开第二段的误解；第六段是全篇文章的总结和结论。故选D。 4．推理判断题。文章第一、二段介绍一些女孩误以为腰臀比低的梨形身材不好，第三、四、五段则说明腰臀比低是健康的标准，需要给以重视，所以通过这篇文章，人们为了健康会更在意腰臀比。故选C。 Passage 2 ①Americans spend billions of dollars each year trying to change their weight. Just having an eating health care costs nearly $2,000 per person in the US. Why are so many people trying their best to look “perfect”? ②One reason is that society rewards (奖励) people who are thin and healthy-looking. Researches have shown that a good body shape has something to do with wages (工资), especially for women. That means how much you’re paid every month partly depends on how your boss considers your body shape. ③Besides, women always care more about their weight than men. They always think they’ re heavier than they actually are. ④However, trying to look “perfect” has a dark side: worry, depression (抑郁) and unhealthy ways to lose weight. ⑤Tom Quinn, a doctor working for WHO, says people who aren’t satisfied with their body shape might develop an eating problem. “This is only one of many illnesses that it can lead to.” he says. ⑥So how can we start to deal with a problem that has been around for years? State of Michigan has done something to stop this kind of discrimination (歧视) on body shape. Michigan changed laws—whoever treats others less fairly just because of their body shape would be punished. ⑦I believe more actions will be taken to protect our rights. Hope people always put their health first and give up the idea of having a “perfect” body shape. 1．According to the writer, a girl who wants to look perfect MAY NOT be ________. A． B． C． D． 2．What can we infer from the passage? A．A good body shape has nothing to do with men’s wages in the workplace. B．Women care more about whether they have a good body shape than men do. C．Fewer and fewer people might be treated unfairly for their imperfect body shape. D．Most of the people who have a perfect body shape can get another $2,000 every month. 3．What’s the purpose of writing this passage? A．To show people the importance of having a good body shape. B．To tell people the way to get higher wages in their workplace. C．To warn bosses not to treat others unfairly for their imperfect body shape. D．To make people less worried about body shape and protect themselves. 4．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案与解析】本文主要讨论了美国人对于体重和身材的过度追求及其影响。 1．推理判断题。根据第四、五段“However, trying to look ‘perfect’ has a dark side: worry, depression (抑郁) and unhealthy ways to lose weight. Tom Quinn, a doctor working for WHO, says people who aren’t satisfied with their body shape might develop an eating problem.”可知一个追求看起来“完美”的人会感到焦虑，会通过不健康的方式减肥，也会出现饮食问题，而没有提到选项A的问题。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据“Michigan changed laws—whoever treats others less fairly just because of their body shape would be punished.”可知，密歇根州修改了法律——任何仅仅因为体型而不公平对待他人的人都将受到惩罚，由此可知，未来越来越少的人可能因为不完美的体形而受到不公平的待遇。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。根据“Hope people always put their health first and give up the idea of having a ‘perfect’ body shape.”可知，作者希望人们永远把健康放在首位，摆脱对拥有“完美”体形的误解。故选D。 4．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出美国人对体重和身材的过度追求；第二、三段则解释其原因；第四、五段叙述了这一现象会导致的问题；第六段写了国家对此做出的举措；第七段总结全文。故选A。 肥胖症：原因及危害 Passage 1 Obesity (肥胖症) is becoming a serious problem among people of all ages now. It is said that about 41.1% of Chinese men and 27.7% of Chinese women are overweight or obese. How do I know whether I am overweight? Work out your Body Mass Index (BMI) (身体质量指数). BMI=Weight(kg)/Height²(m²) Heart problems             High blood pressure    High blood sugar          Cancer (癌症)                         Eating too much Poor sleep Ways to Control Your Weight *Drink a lot of water. *Eat more fruit and vegetables.  *Exercise a lot. *Keep an eye on your weight. *Stay away from food with high sugar or fat. *Relax and have enough sleep.Reasons for Obesity  1．If Nick is considered obese, his BMI may be ________. A．23 B．28 C．32 2．Which of the following can be put in “________”? A．Results of Obesity B．Ways of Losing Weight C．An Introduction to Being Obese 3．What can we learn from the text? A．You may get obese because of enough sleep. B．BMI is a number that can tell if you’re obese. C．Obesity is a serious problem only in teenagers. 4．We may read this text from the section of ________ in a newspaper. A．Health Care B．Eating Customs C．Science Window 【答案与解析】本文介绍了肥胖症正成为社会的一大问题，详细地介绍导致肥胖的因素，以及肥胖带来的问题等。 1． 细节理解题。根据第四个图片可知，C选项数值属于肥胖，所以C选项符合，故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据“Heart problems...Cancer (癌症)”可知，这都是肥胖导致的结果，故选A。 3． 细节理解题。根据“How do I know whether I am overweight? Work out your Body Mass Index (BMI) (身体质量指数).”可知，身体质量指数可以告诉我们是否肥胖，故选B。 4．推理判断题。本文介绍了肥胖症正成为社会的一大问题，详细地介绍导致肥胖的因素，以及肥胖带来的问题等。所以文章可能在医疗保健上看到，故选A。 Passage 2 In our busy society where food is readily available (可得到的) from delivery (递送) services and fast food restaurants, almost one in three American adults is now considered to be obese. Childhood obesity is also at an all-time high. Obesity means very overweight. If you are obese, you have too much body-fat. Doctors define(定义) obesity as having a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or higher, and overweight as having a BMI of 25 to 30. If you eat more food than your body can use, this will make you put on weight. Food that your body does not need as energy will be stored as fat by your body. The following are the major factors that increase the risk of obesity. What you eat plays a major role in weight gain. Eating a lot of fattening foods such as hamburgers, sweet drinks, ice creams and other sweet and fatty foods can increase the risk of becoming obese. If you do not do enough exercise, you will put on weight as the food you eat is not being used to make energy for physical activities. The chances of you being obese are greater if your parents are obese. There are many psychological (心理的) factors that cause people to eat too much. People who are stressed, unhappy or bored will often eat to make themselves feel better. This is known as comfort eating. Age is another factor, as you tend to be less active when you get older. The amount of muscle in your body usually decreases (下降) as you get older and this causes the metabolism (新陈代谢) to slow down. As a result of these changes, you need to eat less, and if you do not eat less as you grow older, you will put on weight. Obesity can cause many health disorders such as high blood pressure, diabetes (糖尿病), heart problems, cancer and many other serious medical conditions. 1．What causes older people to become obese? A．Eating too little while exercising too much. B．Sleeping all day. C．Having too much beer while young. D．Slower metabolism. 2．The underlined sentence “Childhood obesity is also at an all-time high.” suggests that ________. A．all the American children are obese B．there are more obese children than before C．there are fewer obese children in the USA D．obesity does no harm to health 3．Which of the following statements about obesity is true? A．Obesity and overweight are actually the same. B．Eating too much increase the risk of obesity. C．Only children can be obese. D．Exercise makes no difference to obesity. 4．What is the next paragraph of this article most probably about? A．How doctors treat disease. B．How diseases are caused by obesity. C．How to avoid obesity. D．How to get used to the busy life in the USA． 【答案与解析】本文主要介绍了肥胖的危害和产生的原因。 1．细节理解题。根据“The amount of muscle in your body usually decreases as you get older and this causes the metabolism to slow down.As a result of these changes, you need to eat less, and if you do not eat less as you grow older, you will put on weight.”可知随着年龄的增长，身体肌肉的数量通常会减少，这就导致了新陈代谢慢。这些变化的结果是，你需要少吃，如果你不随着年龄的增长少吃，你的体重就会增加。所以导致老年人肥胖的原因是新陈代谢慢。故选D。 2．句意猜测题。根据“almost one in three American adults is now considered to be obese”可知几乎三个美国人中就有一个被认为是肥胖的。可推测儿童的肥胖问题也空前高涨，小孩肥胖的数量多了。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“If you eat more food than your body can use, this will make you put on weight.”可知，如果你吃的食物超过你身体所能消耗的，这将会使你体重增加，也就是吃太多会增加肥胖的风险。故选B。 4．推理判断题。通读全文可知本文主要介绍引起肥胖的五种因素，最后一段说到肥胖的危害，可推断下文将介绍如何避免肥胖。故选C。 体重背后的科学 Passage 1 Is there a best time to sleep? Actually, you have an amazing biological clock (生物钟) inside your body which can tell you some true facts. From 11 p.m. to 3 a.m., your liver (肝脏) gets larger when filled with more blood and it lets the rubbish in your body out. If you go to sleep at 11 p.m., you have 4 hours to clean out the rubbish. And If you sleep at 2 a.m., there’s only one hour to go. What if you sleep after 3 a.m.? Unfortunately, you won’t have any time to clean yourself! If you continue with this sleeping habit, there will be more toxins (毒素) in your body. You know what will happen next. What if you go to bed late and wake up late? Did you realize you felt very tired the next day no matter how much you slept? Going to bed late is very bad for your health. Besides not having enough time to clean your body, you will miss out on other important body functions, too. From 3 a.m. to 5 a.m., you should exercise and breathe in fresh air to take in good energy into your body. And from 7 a.m. to 9 a.m., it’s the best time to have breakfast. This is your most important meal in a day. Not having breakfast causes lots of health problems in the future. So you must know the importance of your biological clock. If you have much work to do until late at night, why not go to bed early and wake up early to do it? You’ll get the same time, but your body will get fit. 1．What time are you supposed to go to bed? A．At 11 p.m. B．At 2 a.m. C．At 3 a.m. D．At 5 a.m. 2．What will happen to you if you always go to bed late? A．You’ ll lose weight. B．You’ ll do more work. C．Your liver will get larger. D．There will be more toxins in your body. 3．The underlined word“ functions” in Paragraph 4 probably means ________ in Chinese. A．素质 B．功能 C．释放 D．消化 4．Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage? A．The liver helps clean out the rubbish in the body. B．It’s best to have breakfast between 7 a. m. to 9 a. m. C．It’s necessary to stay up late if there’s much work to do. D．You’d better enjoy a good sleep from 1 1 p.m. to 3 a.m. 5．What does the passage mainly tell us? A．Follow your biological clock and you’ll get fit. B．Do different things in different times of a day. C．Doing exercise is quite necessary. D．Go to bed as early as possible. 【答案与解析】本文主要介绍生物钟，强调什么时间段睡觉对我们身体有益，什么时间段睡觉对我们身体有害。 1．细节理解题。根据“From 11 p. m. to 3 a. m., your liver (肝脏) gets larger when filled with more blood and it lets the rubbish in your body out. If you go to sleep at 11 p. m., you have 4 hours to clean out the rubbish.”可知，下午十一点到凌晨三点之间，肝脏进行血液循环，向体外排出垃圾。所以最好是在下午十一点睡觉。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Unfortunately, you won’t have any time to clean yourself! If you continue with this sleeping habit, there will be more toxins (毒素) in your body.”可知，如果晚睡，人的体内会有更多的毒素。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据“Going to bed late is very bad for your health.”可知，晚睡对健康非常不利。从而可知人会失去一些身体的功能。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“If you have much work to do until late at night, why not go to bed early and wake up early to do it?”可知，如果有很多工作要工作到很晚，建议早睡早起。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。根据“Actually, you have an amazing biological clock (生物钟 ) inside your body which can tell you some true facts.”可知，遵循体内的生物钟，你将变得健康。故选A。 Passage 2 What makes people gain weight? This seems like a simple enough question to answer. If we eat a lot and don’t do enough exercise, we will become fat. However, the science behind weight problem is more complicated (复杂的) than we think. As we know, what we eat greatly affects (影响) our weight. It is widely accepted that people have 100% control what they eat and how much they eat. This, however, is only partly true. People form habits around food at a young age. You may not touch vegetables while overeating delicious beef. Also, the serving size and the background music can both affect how much we eat. Our bodies themselves can decide whether we are more likely to gain weight or lose weight. Scientists have found that the more delicious the food tastes, the more excited our brains get. If we often have delicious food, over time, our brains will change. Compared to people of normal weight, fat people feel more excited when they see delicious food. Also, our bodies use a variety of hormones (多种激素) to tell our brains whether they are hungry or full. Ghrelin (胃饥饿素), for example, tells the brain that the body wants food. Leptin (瘦素), meanwhile, tells the brain that it’s time to stop eating. Normally, ghrelin and leptin help us to maintain a healthy weight. But sometimes, they may work improperly. As we get fatter, the levels of leptin in our bodies rise. Our brains are told not to eat all the time. In the end, they would no longer trust leptin and would stop replying to its “warnings”. When we start to lose weight, leptin levels drop. Our brains think we are hungry and make us find food to eat. Now you know why fat people often have a hard time losing weight. They may have tried very hard, but their bodies are working against their will. 1．Why does the writer use a question to start the passage? A．To interest readers. B．To collect answers. C．To express doubt. D. To give advice. 2．Which of the following affect how much we eat according to paragraph 2? ①Eating habits    ②Eating partners    ③Serving size    ④Background music    ⑤Cooking skills A．①②④ B．①③④ C．③④⑤ D.①④⑤ 3．What does the underlined word “maintain” in paragraph 4 mean? A．恢复 B．影响 C．保持 D.表现 4．Why is it harder for fat people to lose weight? A．Because they always give up halfway. B．Because their bodies don’t follow their will. C．Because their hormones disappear more quickly. D. Because they have to fill their stomachs. 【答案与解析】本文主要讲述了体重问题背后的科学比想象的要复杂，以及介绍了人身体激素告诉我们的大脑它们是饿了还是饱了的原理。 1．推理判断题。根据“What makes people gain weight?”可知，作者用一个问题来开始文章是为了让读者感兴趣。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“People form habits around food at a young age. ... Also, the serving size and the background music can both affect how much we eat.”可知，饮食习惯，份量和背景音乐会影响我们吃多少，故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据“Normally, ghrelin and leptin help us to maintain a healthy weight. But sometimes, they may work improperly. As we get fatter, the levels of leptin in our bodies rise.”可知，有时，胃促生长素和瘦素可能工作不正常。随着我们变胖，我们体内的瘦素水平也会上升。所以二者是帮助我们“保持”健康的体重。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“Now you know why fat people often have a hard time losing weight. They may have tried very hard, but their bodies are working against their will.”可知，胖人很难减肥，因为们的身体违背了他们的意愿。故选B。 “素食”与“零食式锻炼” Passage 1 Some people decide to stop eating meat and begin to accept a vegan (素食) diet because of health reasons. This way of eating avoids all animal products, including meat, fish, milk, eggs and even honey. Making the change can be a challenge for people who often have dairy and meat in their diet, according to Dena Champion, a dietitian, an expert on diet and nutrition (营养学), from Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center. She added that starting a vegan diet could change your body in certain ways. It might even offer some health benefits. Reduced body weight Instead of high-fat proteins like bacon and beef, vegans get their protein from plant-based sources such as tofu, beans, soy milk, and so on. “This can lead to losing weight. Considering that two-thirds of Americans are overweight, this can have a positive effect on body shape and health”, says Kailey Proctor, a dietitian at St. Joseph Hospital in California. Improved blood sugar control Because being overweight is a major risk for developing diabetes (糖尿病), losing weight can lower that risk. There was one study from some experts published in the magazine Nutrients in 2018. The experts chose some overweight people with no history of diabetes to switch to a vegan diet. Then they followed them for 16 weeks. Improvements and better effects are seen in those people in controlling blood sugar levels. Reduced cancer risk There’s also the chance to reduce your risk of developing cancer. “Vegan diets, when planned correctly, are also very high in fruits, vegetables and whole grains. These plant-based foods have been shown to reduce the risk of cancer.”says Proctor. We should always focus on consuming whole, fresh foods as much as possible. It’s important to make sure you’re getting enough nutrients for your health. 1．Which one belongs to a vegan diet? A．Meat, fish, milk. B．Eggs, honey, soy milk. C．Tofu, beans, milk. D．Tofu, beans, soy milk. 2．What does the underlined word “This” probably refer to? A．The foods that contain high-fat proteins. B．The way that the vegans get their protein. C．The fact that two-thirds of Americans are overweight. D．The diet that may have a bad effect on people’s bodies. 3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? (Subheadings are not paragraphs) A．The reason for losing weight. B．The reason for being diabetes. C．A study of getting too much weight. D．A study of controlling blood sugar. 4．What’s the structure of the article? (P=Paragraph) A． B． C． D． 5．Which of the following is the best title for the article? A．How to reduce body weight B．How to control blood sugar C．What a vegan diet can bring to people D．What we can do to reduce cancer risk 【答案与解析】本篇是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一些人因为健康原因开始接受素食，全文从减轻体重、改善血糖控制和减少癌症风险三个方面介绍了素食对身体的益处。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“This way of eating avoids all animal products, including meat, fish, milk, eggs and even honey.”可知肉及与动物有关的产品都不是素食饮食，故选D。 2．词义猜测题。根据“Instead of high-fat proteins like bacon and beef, vegans get their protein from plant-based sources such as tofu, beans, soy milk, and so on.”可知素食主义者主要从植物来源获取蛋白质，比如豆腐、大豆、豆奶等等，故选B。 3．段落大意题。根据“The experts chose some overweight people with no history of diabetes to switch to a vegan diet. Then they followed them for 16 weeks. Improvements and better effects are seen in those people in controlling blood sugar levels.”可知本段主要讲述了素食对控制血糖有益处，故选D。 4．篇章结构题。第一段主要讲述一些人因健康原因开始接受素食；第二段讲述Dena Champion认为素食对我们的身体有益处；第三段、第四段和第五段分别从能减轻体重、改善血糖控制和减少癌症的风险三个方面介绍了素食对身体的好处，故选A。 5．最佳标题题。整篇文章主要讲述了素食对身体有许多益处，C项“素食能给人们带来什么”符合情景，故选C。 Passage 2 What should you do when you can’t find the time to do a long workout? Have you heard of exercise snacks (零食式锻炼)? Exercise snacks are a popular new way for people to stay fit. Instead of spending hours on the playground, people break that “large meal” into exercise “snacks”. These exercises can last anywhere from 20 seconds to two minutes. Then you can have a rest for 30 minutes to four hours before another snack. It is reported that exercise snacks can be as useful as traditional exercise methods (方式). Just three exercise snacks a day can benefit (使受益) your physical health. Besides that, there are lots of other benefits. Your concentration (专注力) and creativity get better. Also, “snacking” throughout (贯穿) the day stops you from sitting too long. There are so many acceptable (可接受的) exercise snacks, like doing sit-ups, jumping rope or running up and down some stairs (楼梯). But for those who don’t know where to start, here are some helpful exercise choices: Exercises such as lifting weights will satisfy (满足) the needs. Since most people don’t keep weights at their offices, lift full water bottles. Squats (深蹲)—moving your body as if to sit down while keeping your back straight. Five to ten of these should make a good snack. For those who don’t like traditional exercises, simply turn up the music. Pick a lively song and start dancing. It’ll make for a fun workout. What are you waiting for? Let’s get moving. Your body will thank you for it! 1．How long can an exercise snack last according to the passage? A．Twenty seconds to two minutes. B．Thirty minutes to four hours. C．Five to ten minutes. D．Twenty minutes to two minutes. 2．Which is an acceptable exercise snack mentioned in the passage? A．Doing math exercises. B．Eating snacks. C．Doing sit-ups. D．Resting 3．What is the writer’s attitude (态度) to exercise snacks? A．Doubtful. B．Unclear. C．Welcome. D．Disliked. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To change traditional eating habits. B．To introduce a popular new way to stay fit. C．To encourage people to do long-time outdoor exercise. D．To advise people to eat some snacks to keep fit. 【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍零食式锻炼。 1．细节理解题。根据“These exercises can last anywhere from 20 seconds to two minutes”可知，这些练习可以持续20秒到2分钟。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“There are so many acceptable (可接受的) exercise snacks, like doing sit-ups, jumping rope or running up and down some stairs”可知，有很多可以接受的运动零食，比如做仰卧起坐、跳绳或上下楼梯，故选C。 3．观点态度题。根据“What are you waiting for? Let’s get moving. Your body will thank you for it!”可知，作者对零食式锻炼持支持的态度，故选C。 4．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍零食式锻炼，是一种新颖的健身方式。故选B。 Have you ever wished you could change something about your body? If so, you're not alone. Many people use apps (手机软件) like MeituXiuxiu to edit photos before posting them on social media. Some teenagers are even having plastic surgery (整容) at an early age. Zeng, a senior 2 student from Chengdu, had a double eyelid surgery done this summer. She and many of her classmates believe bigger eyes look more beautiful. As teenagers' bodies grow and change, they become aware of the smallest flaw (缺陷) in their looks. They are very worried about it. This can affect their health. According to Huxiu News, over 60 percent of girls refuse to take part in some daily activities such as going to school, because they feel bad about their looks. As much as 31 percent of teenagers do not want to speak up in class because they worry that others will notice their looks. One of the main causes is advertising, TV shows and social media. Pictures of "perfect" faces and bodies are everywhere. They suggest that having large eyes, pale skin and skinny bodies is the only way to be beautiful. Magazines give tips about how to lose weight "in days". Advertisements suggest that you should whiten your skin using certain products. And TV shows often make fun of overweight characters. Seeing all these things can make people believe that they should change their bodies. So what should we do? According to Nancy Etcoff of the Harvard Media School, "We need to help young people in many ways. These ways can include educating students about body confidence in school, as well as encouraging parents to talk to their kids about his topic. After all, beauty comes in all shapes and sizes" Etcoff said. 阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 1．How do teenagers probably feel when they are aware of the smallest flaw in their looks? 2．How many girls refuse to take part in some daily activities because of the bad feeling about their looks? 3．What are "perfect" faces and bodies according to advertising, TV shows and social media? 4．What does it mean by saying" .... beauty comes in all shapes and sizes "? 5．What can you do to make yourself look and feel your best? Please list two ways. 【答案】 1．They feel very worried. 2．Over sixty percent of girls. 3．They are large eyes, pale skin and skinny bodies. 4．(Any possible answer is OK.) It means: 1) Looking different and being yourself is true beauty.2) True beauty comes from inside. 5．I can have good living habits/exercise regularly/take part in a lot of activities. 【解析】本文主要讲述了很多人对自己的长相不满意，所以有些青少年针对自己的小缺陷进行整容，也有很多女生不参加日常活动，因为他们感觉自己长得不够漂亮。作者提出，“漂亮”来自不同的方面，每个人都有自己的优点，我们要有足够的自信。 1．根据文中第三段As teenagers' bodies grow and change, they become aware of the smallest flaw (缺陷) in their looks. They are very worried about it. 可知当他们意识到自己的长相上的缺陷时，他们会担心，故回答They feel very worried. 2．根据文中第四段over 60 percent of girls refuse to take part in some daily activities such as going to school, because they feel bad about their looks.可知60%的女孩拒绝参加日常活动，因为他们感觉她们长相不好看。故回答Over sixty percent of girls. 3．根据文中Pictures of "perfect" faces and bodies are everywhere. They suggest that having large eyes, pale skin and skinny bodies is the only way to be beautiful. 可知他们认为完美的脸是有着大眼睛，纯白的皮肤，苗条的身材。故回答They are large eyes, pale skin and skinny bodies. 4．根据最后一段作者的观点，倡导需要帮助那些年轻人来改变太过在意外表的错误思想，来教育他们获得自信，根据“all”可以理解出来美因人而异，每个人都有优点。故回答 Looking different and being yourself is true beauty.或者 True beauty comes from inside.类似答案都可以。 5．这里需要列举使我们自己变得感觉好的方式，根据最后一段作者的观点，“美丽”来自各个方面，来自于我们的优点，来自于我们的自信，所以可以回答I can have good living habits/exercise regularly/take part in a lot of activities.或者其它合理的答案。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$