考前清单03.长难句5类型4特征及4策略-2025年中考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练(北京专用)

考前清单03.长难句5类型4特征及4策略 ‌一、长难句的五大类型‌ （一）‌复合句（主从复合结构）‌ 【特征】由主句和从句（定语从句、状语从句、宾语从句等）嵌套构成，逻辑关系复杂。 ‌【例句】 1.The girl (who won the competition) told us how she practiced every day. ‌【分析】含定语从句（who won）和宾语从句（how she practiced）‌。 2.If you study hard, you will pass the exam. ‌【分析】条件状语从句（If...）与主句构成假设关系‌。 （二）‌并列句（平行结构）‌ 【特征】通过并列连词（and/but/or）连接多个简单句，可能隐含因果、转折或递进关系。 ‌【例句】 1.Tom tried his best, but he failed the game. ‌【分析】but 表转折，强调前后对比‌。 2.Read the text carefully, and you will find the answer. ‌【分析】and 隐含条件关系，前句为后句前提‌。 （三）‌特殊结构句（倒装/强调/插入语）‌ 【特征】通过改变语序或插入成分增强表达效果，需重点识别主干。 ‌【例句】 1.Never have I seen such a beautiful place. ‌【分析】否定词Never开头引起完全倒装，强调“从未”‌。 2.The answer, to be honest, surprised everyone. ‌【分析】插入语to be honest补充说话者态度‌。 （四）‌多修饰成分的简单句‌ 【特征】主干简单，但包含大量修饰成分（介词短语、分词、形容词等）。 ‌【例句】 The book (on the desk) (written by Mark Twain) is mine. ‌【分析】两个介词短语修饰“book”，需提炼主干The book is mine‌。 （五）‌并列复合混合句‌ 【特征】并列句与复合句交叉使用，需拆分后逐层分析。 ‌【例句】 He chose the book (that his teacher recommended), but he found it boring. ‌【分析】含定语从句（that...）和并列连词but‌。 ‌二、长难句的四大特征‌ （一）‌复合结构嵌套‌ 多个从句（定语、状语、宾语从句）交叉嵌套，逻辑层次复杂。 ‌【例句】The robot (that you saw) can do tasks (which humans find difficult). ‌【分析】含两个定语从句，修饰不同名词‌。 （二）‌多修饰成分堆积‌ 主干被介词短语、分词、形容词等修饰成分包围，形成“三长两短”（长修饰：从句/非谓语/介词短语；短修饰：形容词/副词）‌。 ‌【例句】The boy, (running quickly), handed the ball (to his teammate) (with a smile). ‌【分析】分词短语、介词短语共同修饰动作‌。 （三）‌并列结构隐含逻辑‌ 并列连词（and/or/but）可能暗示因果、转折或递进关系，需结合上下文判断‌。 ‌【例句】Study hard, or you will fall behind. ‌【分析】or 表“否则”，隐含条件结果关系‌。 （四）‌倒装与强调句式‌ 通过倒装语序（如Only by...can you...）或强调句型（It is...that...）突出关键信息‌。 ‌【例句】It was the teacher that explained the question clearly. ‌【分析】强调主语“teacher”的重要性‌。 ‌二、长难句突破策略‌ （一）‌主干提炼法‌ 定位主句的‌主谓宾‌（如The boy (主语) described (谓语) the scene (宾语)）‌。去除修饰成分（如介词短语、从句），保留核心信息‌。 ‌【例句】 ‌原句‌：The book (written by Mark Twain) (on the desk) is mine. ‌简化‌：The book is mine.‌ （二）‌拆分重组法‌ 按连词（and/but/which）或标点将长句拆分为短句‌。逐句分析短句结构，再整合逻辑关系‌。 ‌【例句】 ‌原句‌：He chose a book (that was recommended by his teacher), (but) he found it boring. ‌拆分‌： 主句1：He chose a book. 定语从句：The book was recommended by his teacher. 主句2：He found it boring.‌36 （三）‌修饰成分识别‌ ‌常见修饰类型‌：‌介词短语‌（如in the park, with a smile）；‌分词结构‌（如Seeing the result, excited by the news）；‌从句‌（如who helped me, because he was late）‌。 ‌【例句】 ‌原句‌：The boy, (running quickly), handed the ball (to his teammate). ‌识别：running quickly（现在分词作状语）修饰“boy”；to his teammate（介词短语作状语）‌。 （四）‌逻辑关联词抓取‌ ‌关键连词‌：(1)因果：because, so, therefore；(2)转折：but, however, although；(3)并列：and, or, as well as‌ ‌【例句】 ‌原句‌：Although it rained heavily, they continued the game. 简析：Although 引导让步状语从句，强调“坚持比赛”的转折‌。 【典例示例】 ‌长难句1：When a group of students decided to clean up the river near their school, they discovered that plastic waste (which had been thrown into the water for years) was harming fish and birds. ‌[结构分析] ‌主干‌：They discovered that plastic waste was harming fish and birds.（主谓宾结构）‌ ‌时间状语从句‌：When...school（when引导，说明主句动作的时间背景）‌ ‌宾语从句‌：that plastic waste...birds（that引导，作discovered的宾语）‌ ‌定语从句‌：which had been thrown...years（修饰plastic waste，被动语态强调长期污染）‌ ‌[特征总结] ‌复合句嵌套‌：时间状语从句 + 主句 + 宾语从句 + 定语从句‌ ‌被动语态修饰‌：定语从句中had been thrown突出污染来源‌ ‌[句子翻译]当一群学生决定清理学校附近的河流时，他们发现多年来被丢弃在水中的塑料垃圾正在危害鱼类和鸟类。 ‌长难句2：By organizing weekly recycling activities, not only did the community reduce pollution, but it also created new jobs for local people. ‌[结构分析] ‌主干‌：The community reduced pollution and created jobs.（并列谓语not only...but also...连接）‌ ‌倒装结构‌：not only位于句首，主句倒装（did the community reduce）‌ ‌介词短语作方式状语‌：By organizing...说明实现目标的手段‌ ‌[特征总结] ‌倒装强调逻辑‌：通过倒装突出“减少污染”与“创造就业”的并列结果‌ ‌连词关联递进‌：not only...but also...强化前后动作的积极影响‌ ‌[句子翻译]通过组织每周的回收活动，社区不仅减少了污染，还为当地居民创造了新工作岗位。 ‌长难句3：The scientist (who led the research team) explained that planting native plants could improve air quality and attract insects (necessary for a healthy ecosystem). ‌[结构分析] ‌主干‌：The scientist explained that...（that引导宾语从句）‌ ‌定语从句‌：who led...team（修饰scientist，限定身份）‌ ‌宾语从句内容‌： 并列谓语1：planting...could improve air quality（动名词短语作主语）‌ 并列谓语2：attract insects（后接形容词短语necessary...作后置定语）‌ ‌[特征总结] ‌非谓语动词作主语‌：planting native plants强调动作主体‌ ‌后置定语省略‌：necessary...为省略that are的定语从句简化形式‌ ‌[句子翻译]领导研究团队的科学家解释说，种植本土植物既能改善空气质量，又能吸引对健康生态系统至关重要的昆虫。 （建议用时：40分钟） 一、分析下列句子中的长难句。‌ 1‌。The boy who is reading a book under the tree is my cousin from Canada. [分析] ‌‌2.When the teacher entered the classroom, the students who were talking loudly suddenly became quiet. [分析] ‌‌3.Not only does recycling help protect the environment, but it also saves energy. [分析] ‌‌4.The book written by J.K. Rowling has been translated into 80 languages. [分析] ‌‌5.Scientists believe that planting more trees can reduce air pollution which is harmful to human health. [分析] ‌‌6.By working together, we can solve the problem that has troubled our city for years. [分析] ‌‌7.The girl standing by the window is the one who won the English speech competition. [分析] ‌‌8.If you study hard, you will pass the exam which is very important for your future. [分析] ‌‌9.The movie that we watched yesterday was both exciting and educational. [分析] ‌‌‌ 10.To protect endangered animals, governments should make laws that prevent hunting and trading. [分析] ‌‌二、完成句子 1．The citizens must divide everyday waste into four different categories. (改为被动语态) Everyday waste must into four different categories by the citizens. 2．The famous director chose Hepburn to play the lead role of a young princess. (改为被动语态) Hepburn to play the lead role of a young princess by the famous director. 3．The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day. (改为被动语态) The workers were work 12 hours a day by the boss. 4．Jane wrote several articles about memory last month. (被动语态) Several articles about memory by Jane last month. 5．The most beautiful girl is my sister. I talked with her just now. The most beautiful girl is my sister. 6．All of my classmates like art. ( 改为否定句) my classmates likes art. 7．Mr Green doesn’t enjoy listening to music. His wife doesn’t, either. (合并为一句) Mr Green his wife listening to music. 8．Do you have a toy car? Tom asked his brother. (合并为一句) Tom asked his brother he a toy car. 9．They wonder, “Will computers create new ideas in the future?” (改为宾语从句) They wonder computers create new ideas in the future. 10．My teacher asked me, “Have you done anything to solve the problem?” (改为间接引语) My teacher asked me I done anything to solve the problem. 11．We are still influenced by Confucius’s ideas. (改为主动语态) Confucius’s ideas still . 12．There must be something wrong with Richard’s bike. （改否定句） There be wrong with Richard’s bike. 13．A boy called Tom called you just now.（改写为定语从句） A boy Tom called you just now. 14．Eddie asked her mother, “Can the smartphone replace the computer?” (改为宾语从句) Eddie asked her mother the smartphone replace the computer. 15．Mrs. Green wondered how she could plan a surprise party for her son. (改为简单句) Mrs. Green wondered plan a surprise party for her son. 16．“I have left the magazine in the library.” Alice said to me. （改为间接引语） Alice told me that left the magazine in the library. 17．The meeting began at 8:00. We arrived at 8:10.(合并为一句) The meeting for ten minutes when we arrived at 8:10. 18．He made me do homework for him.(改为被动语态) I was made homework for him. 19．The neighbour asked the Greens, “Will you leave for China?”（改为宾语从句） The neighbour asked the Greens they leave for China. 20．The plane will arrive. The plane is from Hubei. (合并为一句) The plane is from Hubei. 21．Lisa stood near the door. She didn’t say anything.  (合并为一句) Lisa stood near the door anything. 22．He read an exciting story just now. (改为一般疑问句) he an exciting story just now? 23．Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us? (改写为含有宾语从句的复合句) Could you tell us Mr. Brown living in China? 24．My friends gave me some books at my fifteenth birthday party.（改为被动语态） I some books at my fifteenth birthday party. 25．“Who will be in charge of the next class meeting?” Mr Green asked us.（改为宾语从句） Mr Green asked us be in charge of the next class meeting. 26．Can Jill speak Chinese or not? Mr. Li wanted to know. （改为复合句） Mr. Li wanted to know or not Jill speak Chinese. 27．A self-driving car killed a woman as she walked across a street yesterday.  (改为被动语态) A woman by a self-driving car as she walked across a street yesterday. 28．Lily returned the pen to me. I lent the pen to her last Friday. (改为定语从句) Lily returned the pen I her last Friday. 29．When did the war between Russian and Ukraine break out? Could you tell me. (两句合并成一句) Could you tell me the war between Russian and Ukraine out? 30．Do you like the book? I bought the book for you yesterday.（将两句合并为一句） Do you like the book I for you yesterday? 31．“Have you worked out the problem?” The manager asked me. (合并为一句) The manager asked me I worked out the problem. 32．Will we have an autumn outing next week? Please tell me.（合并为一句） Please tell me we have an autumn outing next week. 33．“Don’t forget to close the windows before you leave,” said Mr. Thompson to his son. (改为间接引语) Mr. Thompson reminded his son to close the windows before 34．The photographer climbed to the top of the mountain in order to take a photo of the beautiful sunrise.（改为复合句） The photographer climbed to the top of the mountain    he could take a photo of the beautiful sunrise. 35．Is the shoe department on this floor? Could you tell me?（合并成一句） Could you tell me the shoe department on this floor? 36．My mother wanted to know how she could get the needed information.（改为简单句） My mother wanted to know    get the needed information. 37．We are just wondering where we will go camping next month. (改为简单句) We are just wondering go camping next month. 38．He had left before she could say a word.（改一般疑问句） he before she could say a word? 39．Life would be very boring for them if they couldn’t play computer games.(改为简单句） Life would be very boring for them computer games. 40．Benjamin wanted to find out how to improve the way things worked.（改为复合句） Benjamin wanted to find out how improve the way things worked. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 考前清单03.长难句5类型4特征及4策略 ‌一、长难句的五大类型‌ （一）‌复合句（主从复合结构）‌ 【特征】由主句和从句（定语从句、状语从句、宾语从句等）嵌套构成，逻辑关系复杂。 ‌【例句】 1.The girl (who won the competition) told us how she practiced every day. ‌【分析】含定语从句（who won）和宾语从句（how she practiced）‌。 2.If you study hard, you will pass the exam. ‌【分析】条件状语从句（If...）与主句构成假设关系‌。 （二）‌并列句（平行结构）‌ 【特征】通过并列连词（and/but/or）连接多个简单句，可能隐含因果、转折或递进关系。 ‌【例句】 1.Tom tried his best, but he failed the game. ‌【分析】but 表转折，强调前后对比‌。 2.Read the text carefully, and you will find the answer. ‌【分析】and 隐含条件关系，前句为后句前提‌。 （三）‌特殊结构句（倒装/强调/插入语）‌ 【特征】通过改变语序或插入成分增强表达效果，需重点识别主干。 ‌【例句】 1.Never have I seen such a beautiful place. ‌【分析】否定词Never开头引起完全倒装，强调“从未”‌。 2.The answer, to be honest, surprised everyone. ‌【分析】插入语to be honest补充说话者态度‌。 （四）‌多修饰成分的简单句‌ 【特征】主干简单，但包含大量修饰成分（介词短语、分词、形容词等）。 ‌【例句】 The book (on the desk) (written by Mark Twain) is mine. ‌【分析】两个介词短语修饰“book”，需提炼主干The book is mine‌。 （五）‌并列复合混合句‌ 【特征】并列句与复合句交叉使用，需拆分后逐层分析。 ‌【例句】 He chose the book (that his teacher recommended), but he found it boring. ‌【分析】含定语从句（that...）和并列连词but‌。 ‌二、长难句的四大特征‌ （一）‌复合结构嵌套‌ 多个从句（定语、状语、宾语从句）交叉嵌套，逻辑层次复杂。 ‌【例句】The robot (that you saw) can do tasks (which humans find difficult). ‌【分析】含两个定语从句，修饰不同名词‌。 （二）‌多修饰成分堆积‌ 主干被介词短语、分词、形容词等修饰成分包围，形成“三长两短”（长修饰：从句/非谓语/介词短语；短修饰：形容词/副词）‌。 ‌【例句】The boy, (running quickly), handed the ball (to his teammate) (with a smile). ‌【分析】分词短语、介词短语共同修饰动作‌。 （三）‌并列结构隐含逻辑‌ 并列连词（and/or/but）可能暗示因果、转折或递进关系，需结合上下文判断‌。 ‌【例句】Study hard, or you will fall behind. ‌【分析】or 表“否则”，隐含条件结果关系‌。 （四）‌倒装与强调句式‌ 通过倒装语序（如Only by...can you...）或强调句型（It is...that...）突出关键信息‌。 ‌【例句】It was the teacher that explained the question clearly. ‌【分析】强调主语“teacher”的重要性‌。 ‌二、长难句突破策略‌ （一）‌主干提炼法‌ 定位主句的‌主谓宾‌（如The boy (主语) described (谓语) the scene (宾语)）‌。去除修饰成分（如介词短语、从句），保留核心信息‌。 ‌【例句】 ‌原句‌：The book (written by Mark Twain) (on the desk) is mine. ‌简化‌：The book is mine.‌ （二）‌拆分重组法‌ 按连词（and/but/which）或标点将长句拆分为短句‌。逐句分析短句结构，再整合逻辑关系‌。 ‌【例句】 ‌原句‌：He chose a book (that was recommended by his teacher), (but) he found it boring. ‌拆分‌： 主句1：He chose a book. 定语从句：The book was recommended by his teacher. 主句2：He found it boring.‌36 （三）‌修饰成分识别‌ ‌常见修饰类型‌：‌介词短语‌（如in the park, with a smile）；‌分词结构‌（如Seeing the result, excited by the news）；‌从句‌（如who helped me, because he was late）‌。 ‌【例句】 ‌原句‌：The boy, (running quickly), handed the ball (to his teammate). ‌识别：running quickly（现在分词作状语）修饰“boy”；to his teammate（介词短语作状语）‌。 （四）‌逻辑关联词抓取‌ ‌关键连词‌：(1)因果：because, so, therefore；(2)转折：but, however, although；(3)并列：and, or, as well as‌ ‌【例句】 ‌原句‌：Although it rained heavily, they continued the game. 简析：Although 引导让步状语从句，强调“坚持比赛”的转折‌。 【典例示例】 ‌长难句1：When a group of students decided to clean up the river near their school, they discovered that plastic waste (which had been thrown into the water for years) was harming fish and birds. ‌[结构分析] ‌主干‌：They discovered that plastic waste was harming fish and birds.（主谓宾结构）‌ ‌时间状语从句‌：When...school（when引导，说明主句动作的时间背景）‌ ‌宾语从句‌：that plastic waste...birds（that引导，作discovered的宾语）‌ ‌定语从句‌：which had been thrown...years（修饰plastic waste，被动语态强调长期污染）‌ ‌[特征总结] ‌复合句嵌套‌：时间状语从句 + 主句 + 宾语从句 + 定语从句‌ ‌被动语态修饰‌：定语从句中had been thrown突出污染来源‌ ‌[句子翻译]当一群学生决定清理学校附近的河流时，他们发现多年来被丢弃在水中的塑料垃圾正在危害鱼类和鸟类。 ‌长难句2：By organizing weekly recycling activities, not only did the community reduce pollution, but it also created new jobs for local people. ‌[结构分析] ‌主干‌：The community reduced pollution and created jobs.（并列谓语not only...but also...连接）‌ ‌倒装结构‌：not only位于句首，主句倒装（did the community reduce）‌ ‌介词短语作方式状语‌：By organizing...说明实现目标的手段‌ ‌[特征总结] ‌倒装强调逻辑‌：通过倒装突出“减少污染”与“创造就业”的并列结果‌ ‌连词关联递进‌：not only...but also...强化前后动作的积极影响‌ ‌[句子翻译]通过组织每周的回收活动，社区不仅减少了污染，还为当地居民创造了新工作岗位。 ‌长难句3：The scientist (who led the research team) explained that planting native plants could improve air quality and attract insects (necessary for a healthy ecosystem). ‌[结构分析] ‌主干‌：The scientist explained that...（that引导宾语从句）‌ ‌定语从句‌：who led...team（修饰scientist，限定身份）‌ ‌宾语从句内容‌： 并列谓语1：planting...could improve air quality（动名词短语作主语）‌ 并列谓语2：attract insects（后接形容词短语necessary...作后置定语）‌ ‌[特征总结] ‌非谓语动词作主语‌：planting native plants强调动作主体‌ ‌后置定语省略‌：necessary...为省略that are的定语从句简化形式‌ ‌[句子翻译]领导研究团队的科学家解释说，种植本土植物既能改善空气质量，又能吸引对健康生态系统至关重要的昆虫。 （建议用时：40分钟） 一、分析下列句子中的长难句。‌ 1‌。The boy who is reading a book under the tree is my cousin from Canada. [分析] ‌[答案] 主句主语：The boy 主句谓语：is 从句作用：定语从句，修饰“The boy”，由关系代词who引导，补充说明主语的特征‌ ‌[解析] 主干：The boy is my cousin.（主系表结构） 修饰：who is reading...为定语从句，限定“boy”的具体身份‌ 2.When the teacher entered the classroom, the students who were talking loudly suddenly became quiet. [分析] ‌[答案] 时间状语从句：When the teacher entered the classroom 定语从句：who were talking loudly（修饰“students”） 翻译：老师走进教室时，正在大声说话的学生们突然安静下来‌ ‌[解析] 复合句结构：时间状语从句（动作背景） + 主句（主语students + 谓语became） + 定语从句（描述学生状态）‌ 3.Not only does recycling help protect the environment, but it also saves energy. [分析] ‌[答案] 倒装结构：Not only位于句首，主句助动词does提前，形成部分倒装（does recycling help） 正常语序：Recycling not only helps protect the environment, but it also saves energy.‌ ‌[解析] 并列逻辑：not only...but also...连接两个动宾结构，强调环保与节能的双重作用‌ 4.The book written by J.K. Rowling has been translated into 80 languages. [分析] ‌[答案] 分词短语：written by J.K. Rowling作后置定语，修饰“book” 翻译： J.K.罗琳写的那本书已被翻译成80种语言‌ ‌[解析]被动语态：has been translated表示动作的完成和被动性‌ 5.Scientists believe that planting more trees can reduce air pollution which is harmful to human health. [分析] ‌[答案] 主句：Scientists believe that... 宾语从句：that planting...pollution（that引导，作believe的宾语） 定语从句：which is...health（修饰“pollution”，which作主语）‌ ‌[解析] 非谓语主语：planting more trees（动名词短语作宾语从句的主语）‌ 6.By working together, we can solve the problem that has troubled our city for years. [分析] ‌[答案] 介词短语：By working together作方式状语，说明“如何解决问题” 定语从句：that has troubled...修饰“problem”，关系代词that指代先行词‌ ‌[解析] 主干：We can solve the problem.（主谓宾结构） 修饰：定语从句强调问题的持续性‌ 7.The girl standing by the window is the one who won the English speech competition. [分析] ‌[答案] 分词短语：standing by the window（现在分词短语修饰“girl”） 定语从句：who won...competition（关系代词who引导，修饰“one”）‌ ‌[解析]并列修饰：两个后置定语分别描述女孩的位置和成就‌ 8.If you study hard, you will pass the exam which is very important for your future. [分析] ‌[答案] 条件状语从句：If you study hard 定语从句：which is...future（修饰“exam”） 翻译：如果你努力学习，就能通过这场对你未来至关重要的考试‌ ‌[解析] 复合句逻辑：条件从句表假设，定语从句强调考试的重要性‌ 9.The movie that we watched yesterday was both exciting and educational. [分析] ‌[答案] 定语从句：that we watched yesterday（关系代词that作宾语，可省略） 并列表语：exciting and educational（由both...and...连接）‌ ‌[解析]主干：The movie was exciting and educational.（主系表结构）‌ 10.To protect endangered animals, governments should make laws that prevent hunting and trading. [分析] ‌[答案] 不定式短语：To protect...animals作目的状语，说明制定法律的目的 定语从句：that prevent...修饰“laws”，that作主语‌ ‌[解析] 主干：Governments should make laws.（主谓宾结构） 逻辑关联：目的状语与定语从句共同强调法律的保护作用‌ 二、完成句子 1．The citizens must divide everyday waste into four different categories. (改为被动语态) Everyday waste must into four different categories by the citizens. 【答案】 be divided 【解析】句意：市民必须将日常垃圾分为四类。被动语态结构是be done，must后be动词用原形，动词原形是divide，过去分词是divided。故填be；divided。 2．The famous director chose Hepburn to play the lead role of a young princess. (改为被动语态) Hepburn to play the lead role of a young princess by the famous director. 【答案】 was chosen 【解析】句意：这位著名导演选择了赫本来扮演年轻公主这一主角。根据过去式“chose”可知，原句为一般过去时，应改为一般过去时的被动语态，主语“Hepburn”为第三人称单数，谓语结构用“was done”，choose的过去分词为chosen。故填was；chosen。 3．The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day. (改为被动语态) The workers were work 12 hours a day by the boss. 【答案】 made to 【解析】句意：老板让工人们每天工作12小时。改为被动语态时，宾语“the workers”变为主语，谓语动词需改为被动形式“be made”。由于主语是复数，时态为过去时，因此用were made。主动语态中省略to的动词原形work，在被动语态中需恢复为带to的不定式to work。故填made；to。 4．Jane wrote several articles about memory last month. (被动语态) Several articles about memory by Jane last month. 【答案】 were written 【解析】句意：简上个月写了几篇关于记忆的文章。句子要变成被动语态，其结构为be done；原句时态是一般过去时，且主语“Several articles”是复数形式，be动词应用were，动词write的过去分词为written。故填were；written。 5．The most beautiful girl is my sister. I talked with her just now. The most beautiful girl is my sister. 【答案】 that I talked with just now 【解析】句意：最漂亮的女孩是我妹妹。我刚才和她谈过了。此处可表达为“刚才和我谈话的最漂亮的女孩是我妹妹”，空处为定语从句，先行词为指人的“girl”，且先行词前有最高级“The most beautiful”修饰，关系词用that；I“我”；talked with“交谈”；just now“刚才”。故填that；I talked with just now。 6．All of my classmates like art. ( 改为否定句) my classmates likes art. 【答案】 None of 【解析】 句意：我的所有同学都喜欢艺术。all of my classmates“我的所有同学”，表示肯定含义，改为否定句时，用“none of my classmates”，意为“我的任何一个同学都不”，位于句首首字母要大写。故填None；of。 7．Mr Green doesn’t enjoy listening to music. His wife doesn’t, either. (合并为一句) Mr Green his wife listening to music. 【答案】 Neither nor enjoys 【解析】句意：格林先生不喜欢听音乐。他的妻子也不喜欢。根据句意可知，两人都不喜欢听音乐，“两者都不”可用neither...nor...，该结构是一个并列连词结构，用于连接两个并列的成分，在本句中应连接两个主语“Mr Green”和“his wife”，即neither Mr Green nor his wife，故第一空应填neither，且位于句首首字母大写，第二空应填nor；此时谓语动词应根据“就近原则”，与离得近的主语his wife保持一致，用一般现在时，故第三空应填enjoys。故填Neither；nor；enjoys。 8．Do you have a toy car? Tom asked his brother. (合并为一句) Tom asked his brother he a toy car. 【答案】 if/whether had 【解析】句意：你有玩具车吗？杰克问他的兄弟。改为宾语从句，从句要用陈述语序；根据引语中“Do you have a toy car?”可知是一般疑问句，宾语从句要用“if/whether”来引导，表示“是否”；主句是一般过去时，从句也要用过去时态，因此用have的过去式had。故填if/whether；had。 9．They wonder, “Will computers create new ideas in the future?” (改为宾语从句) They wonder computers create new ideas in the future. 【答案】 if/whether will 【解析】句意：他们想知道，“计算机在未来会创造新的想法吗？”分析题干可知，原句为一般疑问句，引导词应用whether或if，语序用陈述句语序，时态为一般将来时。故填if/ whether；will。 10．My teacher asked me, “Have you done anything to solve the problem?” (改为间接引语) My teacher asked me I done anything to solve the problem. 【答案】 if/whether had 【解析】句意：我的老师问我：“你做了什么来解决这个问题吗？”本句是将直接引语改为间接引语，直接引语是一般疑问句，改为间接引语时需用if或whether引导，并改为陈述语序。主句“asked”是过去式，因此从句的时态要用过去完成时，原句中的“have done”改为“had done”。故填if/whether; had。 11．We are still influenced by Confucius’s ideas. (改为主动语态) Confucius’s ideas still . 【答案】 influence us 【解析】句意：我们仍然受到孔子思想的影响。分析题干可知，原句为一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为are influenced by；改成主动语态时，原句by后的“Confucius’s ideas”变成主动语态的主语，主语为第三人称复数，谓语动词用原形influence；原句中主语“We”应变为人称代词宾格形式us“我们”作动词influence的宾语。故填influence；us。 12．There must be something wrong with Richard’s bike. （改否定句） There be wrong with Richard’s bike. 【答案】 can’t anything 【解析】句意：理查德的自行车一定有问题。考查陈述句变为否定句。原句是must be表示肯定推测，表示“一定是”，can’t be表示“一定不是”；原句中something在否定句中改为anything。故填can’t；anything。 13．A boy called Tom called you just now.（改写为定语从句） A boy Tom called you just now. 【答案】 who/that is called 【解析】句意：刚才有个叫汤姆的男孩打电话给你。分析句子可知，定语从句部分含义为：“被叫做汤姆的”。先行词boy指人，应用who或that引导定语从句，在从句中作主语；定语从句是句子，所以有主谓结构，be called“被叫做”，此处be动词用is。故填who/that；is；called。 14．Eddie asked her mother, “Can the smartphone replace the computer?” (改为宾语从句) Eddie asked her mother the smartphone replace the computer. 【答案】 if/whether could 【解析】句意：埃迪问妈妈：“智能手机能代替电脑吗？”分析句子，空处缺少宾语从句的引导词；原句中直接引语是一般疑问句，可知从句引导词应填if或whether，表示“是否”；根据“Eddie asked…”，可知主句时态是一般过去时，依据宾语从句“主过从必过”原则，原句中“can”应变为“could”。故填if/whether；could。 15．Mrs. Green wondered how she could plan a surprise party for her son. (改为简单句) Mrs. Green wondered plan a surprise party for her son. 【答案】 how to 【解析】句意：格林太太想知道她怎么能为儿子策划一个惊喜派对。原句是用how引导的宾语从句作宾语，改为“疑问词+动词不定式”结构，用how to do作宾语。故填how；to。 16．“I have left the magazine in the library.” Alice said to me. （改为间接引语） Alice told me that left the magazine in the library. 【答案】 she had 【解析】句意：“我把杂志落在图书馆了。”爱丽丝对我说。改为间接引语，主语要改为she，根据told可知，从句用过去的某个时态，结合have left可知，从句用过去完成时had done的结构，故填she；had。 17．The meeting began at 8:00. We arrived at 8:10.(合并为一句) The meeting for ten minutes when we arrived at 8:10. 【答案】 had been on 【解析】句意：会议于8点开始。我们8点10分到达。根据合并后的句子题干可知，此句可以表达为“我们8点10分到达时，会议已经开了10分钟。”根据“for ten minutes”可知，句子应用完成时，和一段时间连用时，谓语动词要用延续性动词，begin是非延续性动词，对应的延续性动词为be on。另外“会议的开始”发生在“我们到达”之前，“到达”是一般过去时，所以“会议的开始”应用过去完成时：had done。故填had；been；on。 18．He made me do homework for him.(改为被动语态) I was made homework for him. 【答案】 to do 【解析】句意：他让我帮他做作业。make是使役动词，用在被动语态中要还原to，be made to do sth“被要求做某事”，do homework“做作业”，故填to；do。 19．The neighbour asked the Greens, “Will you leave for China?”（改为宾语从句） The neighbour asked the Greens they leave for China. 【答案】 if/whether would 【解析】句意：邻居问格林一家，“你们会前往中国吗？”原句“Will you leave for China”为一般疑问句，应用if/whether引导宾语从句；宾语从句用陈述语序，助动词“will”移至主语“you”后；宾语从句时态应与主句时态保持一致，主句为一般过去时，从句将will变为would，用过去将来时。故填if/whether；would。 20．The plane will arrive. The plane is from Hubei. (合并为一句) The plane is from Hubei. 【答案】 to arrive 【解析】句意：飞机就要到了。飞机是从湖北来的。根据“The plane will arrive”可知飞机即将到来，是将来时的事情，所以此处可以用动词不定式作定语，表示将来的动作。故填to；arrive。 21．Lisa stood near the door. She didn’t say anything.  (合并为一句) Lisa stood near the door anything. 【答案】without saying 【解析】句意：丽莎站在门边。她什么也没说。分析句子结构可知，此处是指丽萨站在那里没有说话，应用介词without表示伴随，后接动名词saying作宾语，without saying“没有说”，介词短语。故填without saying。 22．He read an exciting story just now. (改为一般疑问句) he an exciting story just now? 【答案】 Did read 【解析】句意：他刚才在读一个激动人心的故事。原句中没有be动词或情态动词，改为一般疑问句时句首要用助动词。根据原句中的read以及just now可知，时态为一般过去时，所以助动词用did。又因为前面有助动词，所以第二空动词要用原形即read。故填Did；read。 23．Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us? (改写为含有宾语从句的复合句) Could you tell us Mr. Brown living in China? 【答案】 if/whether enjoys 【解析】句意：布朗先生喜欢住在中国吗？你可以告诉我吗？根据题干可知，此处要求变成宾语从句，结合句意可知，对应的引导词应用if/whether“是否”；结合“Mr. Brown”可知，宾语从句的主语是第三人称单数，第二空的谓语动词enjoy也应用动词三单形式。故填if/whether；enjoys。 24．My friends gave me some books at my fifteenth birthday party.（改为被动语态） I some books at my fifteenth birthday party. 【答案】 was given 【解析】句意：我的朋友们在我第15个生日派对上给了我一些书。考查主动语态变被动语态。原句是一般过去时，应改为一般过去时的被动语态，其结构was/were done。主语是“I”，所以be动词用was；give的过去分词是given。故填was；given。 25．“Who will be in charge of the next class meeting?” Mr Green asked us.（改为宾语从句） Mr Green asked us be in charge of the next class meeting. 【答案】 who would 【解析】句意：“下次班会谁负责？”格林先生问我们。根据asked可知，从句用过去的某个时态，结合“will be”可知，从句用过去将来时would do的结构，故填who；would。 26．Can Jill speak Chinese or not? Mr. Li wanted to know. （改为复合句） Mr. Li wanted to know or not Jill speak Chinese. 【答案】 whether could 【解析】句意：李先生想知道吉尔是否会说汉语。考查简单句变复合句。“是否”用“whether or not”故第一空填whether。“能”用“can”，因为前面句子是一般过去时，故第二空用“can”的一般过去时could。 27．A self-driving car killed a woman as she walked across a street yesterday.  (改为被动语态) A woman by a self-driving car as she walked across a street yesterday. 【答案】 was killed 【解析】句意：昨天一名妇女在横穿街道时，一辆自动驾驶汽车撞死了她。根据题意是变成被动语态，主语是a woman和谓语动词kill之间存在被动关系，根据时间状语yesterday，可知是一般过去时态的被动语态，其结构是was/were done的形式，主语是单数，be动词用was，kill“杀死”，是动词，过去分词是killed。故填was；killed。 28．Lily returned the pen to me. I lent the pen to her last Friday. (改为定语从句) Lily returned the pen I her last Friday. 【答案】 that/which lent 【解析】句意：莉莉把钢笔还给了我。上星期五我把钢笔借给她了。改为定语从句为“莉莉把我上周五借给她的钢笔还给了我”。先行词为“the pen”，关系词用that/which，在从句中作宾语；由“last Friday”可知，时态为一般过去时，动词要用过去式lent。故填that/which；lent。 29．When did the war between Russian and Ukraine break out? Could you tell me. (两句合并成一句) Could you tell me the war between Russian and Ukraine out? 【答案】 when broke 【解析】句意：俄罗斯和乌克兰之间的战争是什么时候爆发的？你能告诉我吗？根据题干“Could you tell me...”可知，合并后的句子为宾语从句；原句是when引导的特殊疑问句，合并后仍用when引导；宾语从句要用陈述语序，原句“did...break out”此处用broke out。故填when；broke。 30．Do you like the book? I bought the book for you yesterday.（将两句合并为一句） Do you like the book I for you yesterday? 【答案】 that/which bought 【解析】句意：你喜欢这本书吗？我昨天给你买了这本书。根据下句和要求将两句合并为一句可知，应该改写“你喜欢我昨天给你买的这本书吗？”，也就是改为定语从句；根据先行词“the book”，指物，且在定语从句中作宾语，所以关系代词应该使用“that”或者“which”；根据“yesterday”可知，定语从句中的谓语动词应该使用过去式。故填that/which；bought。 31．“Have you worked out the problem?” The manager asked me. (合并为一句) The manager asked me I worked out the problem. 【答案】 if/whether had 【解析】句意：你已经解决这个问题了吗？经理问我。将原句合并为一句后为宾语从句。直接引语为一般疑问句，引导词需要用if/whether。宾语从句的时态规则为：主现从不限，主过从必过，客观真理仍用现。主句谓语asked为一般过去时，从句应用相应的过去时态。故原句的现在完成时需要变为过去完成时，即have变为had。故填if/whether；had。 32．Will we have an autumn outing next week? Please tell me.（合并为一句） Please tell me we have an autumn outing next week. 【答案】 whether/if will 【解析】句意：下星期我们要去秋游吗？请告诉我。合并为一个宾语从句，从句用陈述语序。从句是疑问句，用whether/if引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，助动词will放在主语we后，表示一般将来时，故填whether/if；will。 33．“Don’t forget to close the windows before you leave,” said Mr. Thompson to his son. (改为间接引语) Mr. Thompson reminded his son to close the windows before 【答案】 his leaving 【解析】句意：“离开前别忘了关上窗户，”汤普森先生对儿子说。原句是直接引语，变成间接引语应该表示“在他离开之前”，此处是动名词的复合结构，由“形容词性物主代词+动名词”构成，此处应表示为his leaving，故填his；leaving。 34．The photographer climbed to the top of the mountain in order to take a photo of the beautiful sunrise.（改为复合句） The photographer climbed to the top of the mountain    he could take a photo of the beautiful sunrise. 【答案】 so that 【解析】句意：摄影师爬上山顶以便拍摄美丽的日出。根据题意是变成目的状语从句，根据“he could take a photo of the beautiful sunrise.”可知，此处是表示目的，用so that引导，so that“目的，为了”，引导目的状语从句，故填so；that。 35．Is the shoe department on this floor? Could you tell me?（合并成一句） Could you tell me the shoe department on this floor? 【答案】 whether/if is 【解析】句意：鞋部在这层吗？你能告诉我吗？根据题意是合并成一句，应该是变成宾语从句，根据“Is the shoe department on this floor? ”是一般疑问句，用连词if或whether引导，主句是一般现在时态，从句用一般现在时态，主语是the shoe department是单数，be动词用is，故填whether/if；is。 36．My mother wanted to know how she could get the needed information.（改为简单句） My mother wanted to know    get the needed information. 【答案】 how to 【解析】句意：我母亲想知道她怎样才能得到所需的信息。how引导的宾语从句可用“how+动词不定式”结构进行替换，故填how；to。 37．We are just wondering where we will go camping next month. (改为简单句) We are just wondering go camping next month. 【答案】 where to 【解析】句意：我们正在想下个月我们到哪里去露营。where引导的宾语从句可用“where+不定式”结构替换，故填where；to。 38．He had left before she could say a word.（改一般疑问句） he before she could say a word? 【答案】 Had left   【解析】句意：她还没来得及说一句话，他就走了。这里是过去完成时，根据题意改为一般疑问句，要把助动词had提前，其结构是Had+主语+动词的过去分词+其他，故填Had；left。 39．Life would be very boring for them if they couldn’t play computer games.(改为简单句） Life would be very boring for them computer games. 【答案】 without playing 【解析】句意：如果他们不能玩电脑游戏，生活对他们来说会很无聊。题目要求改为简单句，根据“if they couldn’t play computer games”可知，不玩电脑游戏对他们来说会很无聊，此处可以借助介词进行改写，without是介词，意为“没有”，后接动名词playing。故填without；playing。 40．Benjamin wanted to find out how to improve the way things worked.（改为复合句） Benjamin wanted to find out how improve the way things worked. 【答案】 he could 【解析】句意：本杰明想知道如何改进工作方式。题目要求将原句改为复合句，需将“how +动词不定式”结构进行同义替换。how后的句子为宾语从句，从句缺主语，应用人称代词he指代Benjamin，第二空后为动词原形improve，其前应用情态动词can的适当形式，根据宾语从句“主过从必过”的原则，can应用过去式could，故填he；could。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$