Unit 5 A Delicate World Understanding Ideas 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第二册

Unit 5 A Delicate World 【版本：外研　册别：选择性必修二】 Understanding ideas 1 Are we humans alone on this beautiful planet? Of course not! If one species go extinct, will that affect us? Absolutely! We and other living things, such as plants, animals, insects are living on this planet together! We depend on each other to live. That’s how ecosystem works! Let’s watch a video and learn more about ecosystem and how we living things connect together. Watch and Think Are humans part of Earth’s ecosystems? Why? In what ways can humans affect ecosystems? 1. Are humans part of Earth’s ecosystems? Why? Check the answers Yes. Humans are part of Earth’s ecosystems. Because all the living things live in ecosystems and people are living things. 2. In what ways can humans affect ecosystems? Humans can affect ecosystems in positive and negative ways. For example, to have a positive influence on ecosystems, people can plant trees, feed and protect animals, recycle things, etc. However, deforestation, air and water pollution and excessive waste affect ecosystems in a negative way. Look at the satellite images (P49) and answer the questions. 1. What is happening to the area according to the satellite images? Aral Sea is becoming smaller and smaller / shrinking. Look at the satellite images (P49) and answer the questions. 2. What do you think a later satellite image would show? 3. What do you think caused these changes? A smaller one. Maybe it would not be able to show anything. Climate change. Environmental pollution. People’s activities … Imagine There are some birds and penguins on an island like this one. What kind of changes would take place if cats, rats and rabbits were introduced to an environment like this ? They would hunt the birds and eat the native vegetation, thus upsetting the local ecological balance. Macquarie Island has experienced such things we just talked about. Let’s turn to page 50 and see what really happened to it and how things are going on this island now. II Fast reading 9 Read for the main idea of each paragraph and the passage structure. Find out what happened to Macquarie Island. Think about the author’s purpose in writing the passage. Read and Think Task 1: Find out what happened to Macquarie Island Non-native species introduced to Macquarie Island attacked native birds, and led to a substantial reduction of bird population and even the extinction of parakeets鹦鹉. In addition, non-native species ate and devastated破坏 the native vegetation. All of this played a part in upsetting扰乱 the natural harmony of the island. But now the island’s ecology is on the road to recovery with human efforts. Para. 1 Para. 3 Para. 4 Para. 6 Task 2: Read for the main idea of each paragraph and the passage structure. a. The big problem brought by humans. b. The location and natural characteristics of Macquarie Island. c. Rabbits multiplied and caused soil erosion and increasing. d. People tried to tackle the problem and failed. e. The author is trying to tackle the problem. f. The situation on Macquarie Island was getting worse. Para. 2 Para. 5 Part Ⅰ An introduction to the island. Part Ⅱ The tragic story of the native species. Part Ⅲ The programme to recover the ecology. Task 3: Choose the author’s purpose in writing the passage and give your reasons. 1. To analyse how Macquarie Island was saved from destruction. 2. To inform readers of the chaos caused on Macquarie Island by humans. 3. To entertain readers with a funny story about what happened on Macquarie Island. 4. To suggest ways in which an ecosystem can be protected. Para 2: ... It’s a tragic story that began in 1810 when humans arrived on the island ... Para 6: So, I am here on Macquarie Island to participate in the programme to track this problem. The first step ... There are many other examples … 13 III Careful reading 14 I am standing on Macquarie Island, in the South-west Pacific Ocean, halfway between Australia and Antarctica. Strong winds and stormy seas have helped sculpt its long, thin shape. The green grass and bare rock of its landscape contrast dramatically, giving it a wild and natural beauty. No visitor would think it surprising that the island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants, including royal penguins, king penguins, and elephant seals, existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years. How would you describe the current Macquarie Island? Read and Answer Para. 1 World Heritage Site 世界遗产地 be in harmony with 与……和谐共处 / 协调一致 But the island’s more recent history tells a different story. It’s a tragic story that began in 18 10 when humans arrived on the island. In their ships they unknowingly brought rats and mice. These small animals quickly took over the island, eating the birds’ eggs and attacking baby birds. Cats were brought to the island to control the rats and mice. Unfortunately, the cats subsequently developed an appetite for the birds, too. What caused the tragedy on the Island? Read and Answer Para. 2 The arrival of the humans who brought rats and mice. subsequently adv subsequent (adj 随后的) + -ly (副词后缀)→后来；随后 subsequent adj sub- (closely接近地) + sequ (to follow跟随) + -ent (形容词后缀)→紧跟其后的 → 随后的 appetite n [C] ap- (to却) + petit (to seek追求)+-e→对食物的追求→食欲/胃口 develop an appetite for 对……产生兴趣 Meanwhile, rabbits were introduced to the island as a source of food for humans. Loose on the island, they did what rabbits do best一they multiplied rapidly and began eating the native vegetation and digging holes, which caused soil erosion. The exploding rabbit population provided plentiful food for the cats, meaning that the number of cats also increased. This in turn led to more cats hunting the birds. The end result was that parakeets, once large in number and native to the island, died out in 1891. What’s the primary reason why parakeets died out? Read and Answer Para. 3 Introduce rabbits. Rabbits multiplied. Cats ate rabbits. More cats Cats hunted birds. Parakeets died out. be introduced to 被引入 multiply vt & vi multi- (many多)+ ply- (to fold折叠)→折叠多次→(使)大量增加; (使)繁殖→乘 加减乘除: add, subtract, multiply, divide Even after Macquarie Island became an official nature reserve in the 1970s, the rabbits remained out of control. Experts felt it necessary to come up with a plan to remove all the rabbits from the island. With this goal in mind, a virus was released onto the island. But although the virus caused the rabbit population to decrease from 130,000 to around 10,000, it also meant less food for the cats. The cats in consequence turned their attention - and their stomachs - back to the native birds, killing up to 60,000 each year. In the 1980s, traps and dogs were used to catch the cats. The last Macquarie Island cat was caught in 2000. What measures were taken to tackle the rabbit problem in the 1970s? Read and Answer Para. 4 Releasing a virus. Introduce traps and dogs. ① ② But as the saying goes, “While the cat’s away, the mice will play.” With the departure of the cats from the island, the mouse and rat population started to increase. And remember those 10,000 or so rabbits? It turned out that they developed an immunity to the virus, and their numbers exploded once again. Then in 2006, the rabbits’ digging caused some land to collapse, and killed a substantial number of penguins. This incident made it clear that the rat, mouse and rabbit problem needed solving once and for all. What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about? Read and Answer Para. 5 It is about the ongoing vicious circle(恶性循环): The mouse and rat population started to increase. The number of rabbit exploded, causing some land to collapse, and penguins killed. as the saying goes 正如俗语 / 老话所说 a number of 大量的 once and for all 彻底地；一劳永逸地 explode v ex- (out出去) + plod (鼓掌、欢呼)+ -e (动词后缀) 词源：古希腊人和古罗马人在观看戏剧时，通过掌声和喝彩声表达喜爱和赞赏之情，而不喜欢演员的表演时，他们也会通过嘘声、倒彩声以及其他各种噪声来表达反感，直到将演员轰下台为止。explode 的本义就是“通过噪声把演员轰下台”。到了18世纪后期，explode词义慢慢变为“使其突然而又大声地爆发”，后来才完全转变为“突然而又大声地爆发、爆炸”。 So, I am here on Macquarie Island to participate in the programme to tackle this very problem. The first step involved poison being dropped from helicopters. The next step is to remove the last remaining invading species, and that’s where I come in - with my dogs. They have been trained to find every last one, without harming the native animals. This intervention is a long, much-delayed ending to a sad story, but we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy ending. What did the author do to tackle the problem? Read and Answer Para. 6 Drop poison and remove the invading species. intervention n inter- (between在中间) + ven (to come来)+ -tion (名词后缀)→来到中间→干预;介入 owe it to sb to do sth (认为)应该为某人做某事 Ⅳ Post-reading 21 What is your understanding of “… we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy ending”? Do you think it was right to eradicate消除 the “pests” from Macquarie Island? Give your reasons. How could similar situations be avoided in the future? What language can you use to talk about cause and effect? How would you apply it to your reading and writing? Think Share 22 1. What is your understanding of “… we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy ending”? Think Share Since it is we humans that are to blame for the ecological problem with the island, we must shoulder the responsibility to make efforts to recover the ecology of it. 23 2. Do you think it was right to eradicate the “pests” from Macquarie Island? Give your reasons. Think Share No, I don’t think it was a good ideas for us to eradicate the “pests” from Macquarie Island. Because … 24 3. How could similar situations be avoided in the future? Think Share To avoid similar situations in the future, we should protect the natural ecosystem and be aware of the potential impact that human activities can have on ecosystems. 25 Language points V 26 ① 陷阱；夹子；罗网 set a trap for mice 设夹子捉老鼠 ②（陷害人的）圈套；诡计 fall into a trap 落入圈套 ③牢笼；困境 He has found he’s caught in a trap of his own making. 他发现自己作茧自缚。 Important Words trap n [C] 27 Important Words 2. dramatically adv 显著地；戏剧地；引人注目地 drama n [C] ①（一出）戏；戏剧性事件 ② [U] 戏剧；戏剧艺术；戏剧文学 dramatic adj ① 戏剧的；戏剧性的 the dramatic arts 戏剧艺术 ② 突然的 a dramatic increase 剧增 ③ 给人印象深刻的 a dramatic victory 激动人心的胜利 28 Important Words 1) The “Chinese Dream” is a dream to improve people’s well-being and a dream of harmony, peace and development. 中国梦是提高人民幸福感的梦，是和谐、和平与发展的梦。 2) In this heavenly world, people live in perfect harmony with nature. 在这天堂般的世界里，人与自然和谐相处。 3. harmony n [C] & [U] 和谐；和睦；融洽 harmonious adj 和谐的；和睦的 harmonious society 和谐社会 29 ① 使爆炸 explode a bomb 引爆炸弹 Important Words ②（感情、暴力事件）爆发；激增 explode with anger 勃然大怒 4. explode v The firework exploded in his hand. 那个爆竹在他手里响了。 Florida’s population exploded after World War Ⅱ. 二战后，佛罗里达州的人口迅速增加。 30 Important phases 1 fail to do sth 2 in harmony with 3 develop an appetite for 4 be introduced to 5 soil erosion 6 out of control 7 remove… from 未能做成某事 与……和谐 从……移走/去除 失控 土壤侵蚀 对……产生兴趣 被引入…… Important phases 8 decrease from … to 9 in consequence 10 turn out 11 a substantial number of 12 once and for all 13 every last 14 owe it to sb to do sth 从……减少到…… 结果；因此 (认为)应该为某人做某事 每一个 彻底地；一劳永逸地 原来是；结果是，证明是 大量的 Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants, including royal penguins, king penguins, and elephant seals, existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years. (P50) Important sentences They couldn’t help but imagine how its native inhabitants, including royal penguins, king penguins, and elephant seals, existed in complete unity with their natural habitat for thousands of years. Paraphrase: fail to do sth / fail in doing sth 未能做成某事 The great bridge cannot fail to stop you in your tracks. 这座宏伟的大桥一定会让你止步观赏。 He failed in persuading Mary to go there with him. 他没能说服玛丽和他一起去。 33 Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants, including royal penguins, king penguins, and elephant seals, existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years. (P50) Important sentences 具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装结构。本句中nor 为否定词，它所引导的句子要用倒装语序，常见结构为：Nor + 助动词 / be 动词 / 情态动词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其它成分。 He didn’t quit his job, nor was he fired. 他没有辞职，也没有被解雇。 They couldn’t understand it at that time, and nor could we. 他们那时无法理解这件事，我们也理解不了。 34 Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants, including royal penguins, king penguins, and elephant seals, existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years. (P50) Important sentences 具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装结构。类似副词和短语还有：never, seldom, little, few, rarely, nowhere, not until, hardly…when, no sooner… than, not only … but also, in no way, by no means, under no circumstances etc. 1) Never before have I seen such a moving film. 2) By no means will we give up. 3) Hardly had I entered the classroom when the bell rang. 35 2. Unfortunately, the cats subsequently developed an appetite for the birds, too.(P50) Important sentences Unfortunately, the cats subsequently began to eat the birds, too. develop an appetite for ... develop a taste for ... develop an interest in ... Suzy developed an interest in violin when she was just a child. Suzy 还是小孩子的时候，就对小提琴产生了兴趣。 Paraphrase: 对……产生兴趣 36 3. Loose on the island, they did what rabbits do best – they multiplied rapidly and began eating the native vegetation and digging holes, which caused soil erosion. (P50) Important sentences Rabbits were free on the island and they did what rabbits do best – they increased their numbers rapidly and began eating the local plants, flowers, etc and digging holes, which caused soil erosion. Loose on the island 是形容词（短语）作状语。其用法：其逻辑主语为句子的主语，是由主语相同的两个句子改写而成的。 Paraphrase: 37 3. Loose on the island, they did what rabbits do best – they multiplied rapidly and began eating the native vegetation and digging holes, which caused soil erosion. (P50) Important sentences 形容词（短语）作状语。其用法：其逻辑主语为句子的主语，是由主语相同的两个句子改写而成的。 试着用“形容词短语”改写下列句子： 1) We reached the top of the mountain. We were tired and hungry. 改写：We reached the top of the mountain, tired and hungry. 2) Jane was satisfied with it. She bought the book immediately. 改写：Satisfied with it, Jane bought the book immediately. 38 4. This in turn led to more cats hunting the birds. (P50) Important sentences As a result, this led to more cats hunting the birds. in turn 依次；轮流。还可以表示结果，相当于as a result，和下文中的 in consequence 同义。 Paraphrase: 1) The grape production declined greatly this year which in turn brought a rise in its price. 今年的葡萄产量大幅度下降，因此价格上涨了。 2) He was over the age limit and in consequence, his application was rejected. 他已超过了年龄限制，因此他的申请被拒绝了。 39 5. They have been trained to find every last one, without harming the native animals. (P51) Important sentences They have been trained to find all the remaining invading species, and at the same time, they are required not to harm the native animals. every last 与 every single 同义，比 every 语气更强，相当于all。 one 在此代替前一句话中所说的 the last remaining invading species。 Paraphrase: 1) My sister ate every last biscuit. 我妹妹吃掉了所有的饼干。 2) He captured every last detail. 他抓住了每一个细节。 40 6. This intervention is a long, much-delayed ending to a sad story, but we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy ending. (P51) Important sentences This intervention is an ending to a sad story which takes a long time and is delayed much, but it’s our responsibility to give the island a happy ending. owe it to sb to do sth 应该为某人做某事 Paraphrase: 1) We owe it to the heroes to build a memorial. 我们应该为这些英雄建一座纪念碑。 2) We owe it to our children to clean up the environment. 我们应该为孩子们治理环境。 41 Complete the summary by filling correct words or correct forms of the given words. In 1810, humans arrived on Macquarie Island, they 1_____________(unknowing) brought rats and mice, which quickly took over the island. They ate the birds’ 2_____ and attacked any baby birds. To control the rats and mice, cats 3_____________ (bring) to the island, 4_________cats developed an appetite for the birds too. 5_________ a source of food, rabbits were introduced 6_____ the island. They multiplied rapidly and began eating the native vegetation and digging holes, 7 ___________ (cause) soil erosion. The number of cats increased because rabbits provided 8______________(plenty) food, 9_________led to more cats hunting the birds. In the 1970s, the island became an 10___________ (office) nature reserve. A virus was released and caused the rabbit population decreased. Then the cats had less food and began killing birds unknowingly eggs were brought but As to causing plentiful which official Homework VI 43 Write a short passage about how human interference led to great changes in your hometown. 44 Thanks 45 x264 0.128.2216+688+32 a17ff54 tMod [8-bit@4:2:0 X86] null 321192.0 $$