Unit 1 Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking-【一线调研】2024-2025学年高中英语同步讲练测选择性必修第一册（人教版）

UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT 单元学习日标 (主题语境：人与社会 对社会有突出贡献的人物)】 必记单词 重点短语 经典句型 crucial patent circumstance get stuck 1.upon/on doing... commit gradually novel by chance objective institute chart insist on 2.It is an honour for sb to do evaluate encounter infer commit oneself to sth distinet remarkable theory (sth/doing sth/do sth) liquid wear and tear sum gentle 3.独立主格结构 flow chart acknowledge vital extraordinary make contributions to analyse academic institution earn a doctorate 4.状语从句的省略 substance botanical consequence come to power scientific property professor as a consequence 5.find+宾语+宾语补足语 conclusion boil device take up a position novelist obtain draft stand on end flow defeat sum up found apparently 核心语法 话题写作 politician insist genius mostly 非限制性定语从句 介绍你钦佩的人 单元话题引人 背景导入：钟南山，中国工程院院士，著名呼吸病学专家，中国抗击非典型肺炎 的领军人物，广州呼吸疾病国家重，点实验室主任、中华医学会会长。他为我们高中生 树立了榜样，激励我们树立正确的人生观和价值观，明确奋斗的方向，规划好自己的 人生道路。 At the age of84,Zhong Nanshan,an expert in respiratory(呼吸的)medicine and academician(院 of the Chinese Academy of Engineering,has been working against the "epidemic".Born into a medical family and as the most outstanding student of Beijing Medical College,Zhong Nanshan's medical road should have been a smooth one. In 1971,Zhong finally returned to Guangzhou from Beijing and became a doctor at the Fourth People's Hospital in Guangzhou.More than 40 years later,he recalled that his father's words had the greatest influence on him in his life,which reawakened his strong pursuit of medical career. Everything has to start from scratch.Since then,he modestly learnt from his colleagues,and his professional ability improved by leaps and bounds.He also took on the reluctant task of studying chronic bronchitis(慢性支气管炎)，only to find it became a lifelong career.At the age of43,he was selected to the list of those who went abroad at public expense and got the opportunity to study in the University of Edinburgh.After finishing his studies and returning home,his father said to him solemnly( )"You have finally made the foreigners understand that the Chinese are not nothing."By then,he was 45 years old,and it was the first time he could remember being praised by his father.Zhong's later 。1✉ 高中同步讲练测·一线调研「英语·选择性必修第一册 stories are widely told.When two epidemics ravaged (the country and brought danger to the people,he went up right away and saved countless critically ill patients with his superb medical skills. "His talent and willpower gave him many possibilities for life to develop,but in the end he focused on medicine,continued to explore,and put his talents to the best use.""The 84-year-old Zhong Nanshan has the expertise of an academician,the courage of a soldier,and the responsibility of a national scholar,the People's Daily said on its official account. 【词汇积累】 ①outstanding adj.优秀的；杰出的 ⑤start from scratch从头开始 ②smooth adj.顺利的：平稳的 ⑥at public expense公费 ③reawaken vt,唤起；再次引发（感情、回忆等） ⑦critically adv.严重地；危险地 ④pursuit n.追求 ⑧willpower n.意志力 [随手记] Section I Reading and Thinking 助篇章理解·答疑解惑 么课文原文 TU YOUYOU AWARDED NOBEL PRIZE 6 October 2015 This year's Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou(co-winner), [1]whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin,[2]a crucial new treatment for malaria. Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives,and has led to improved health for millions of people.Over 200 million people around the world get malaria each year,and about 600,000 die from it. Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria,and [3]is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone. [i门whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin是非限制性定语从句，其先行词是Tu Youyou(co-winner),whose在从句中作research的定语。 [2]a crucial new treatment for malaria作同位语，解释说明artemisinin的具体内容。 [3]be thought to do sth意为“被认为做某事”，是句型It is thought that..的变形， Tu Youyou,[4]a committed and patient scientist,was born in Ningbo,China,on 30 December 1930,and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.After she graduated,she worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing.In 1967,the Chinese government ·2· UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria,and Tu Youyou was among [5]the first researchers chosen.In the beginning,Tu Youyou went to Hainan, [6]where malaria was more common,to study malaria patients.In 1969,she became the head of the project in Beijing,and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts [7]to find traditional botanical treatments for the disease.Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts,and evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties.From their research,they discovered and tested 380 distinet ancient Chinese medical treatments [8]that showed promise in the fight against malaria. [4]a committed and patient scientist是Tu Youyou的同位语。 [5]过去分词chosen作后置定语修饰the first researchers。 [6]where malaria was more common是where引导的非限制性定语从句。 [7]to find traditional botanical treatments for the disease是动词不定式短语作目的状语。 [8]that showed promise in the fight against malaria是定语从句，that在从句中作主语，指代先行 词treatments;that也可换为which,且不可省略。 One medical text from the fourth century suggested using the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever.Tu's team tested a collection of dried wormwood leaves but found no effect.[9]They then tried boiling fresh wormwood,and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria,but this did not work either.Their project got stuck.However,Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.She analysed the medical texts again,and by chance,she found one sentence [10]suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood.She concluded [11]that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties.[12]Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract,she found a substance [13]that worked.After failing more than 190 times,the team finally succeeded in 1971.Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves [14]to make sure that it was safe.Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients,[15]most of whom recovered.This medicine,[16]which was called artemisinin,soon became a standard treatment for malaria. [9]句中boiling fresh wormwood与using the liquid obtained from this是并列的动词-ing短语作宾 语；其中obtained from this是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰the liquid:but是并列连词。 [lO]suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood是动词-ing短语作后置定语，修饰one sentence. [ll]that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties是that引导的宾 语从句，其中boiling the sweet wormwood是动词-ing短语作从句的主语。 [l2]Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract是动词-ing短语作方式状语，状语中动作 use由句子逻辑主语she发出。 [13]that worked是定语从句，修饰先行词a substance. [l4]动词不定式短语to make sure that it was safe作目的状语，其中that it was safe是宾语从句。 [l5]most of whom recovered是“代词+介词+引导词”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 patients. [l6]which was called artemisinin是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词medicine。 According to Tu Youyou,the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort.Upon hearing ·3· 高中同步讲练测·一线调研【英语·选择性必修第一册 [17]that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize,she said,"The honour is not just mine.There is a team behind me,and all the people of my country.This success proves the great value of traditional Chinese medicine.[18]It is indeed an honour for China's scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world." [l7]that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize是宾语从句，其中had been awarded是过去完成时 的被动语态形式。 [l8]句中for China's scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world是动词 不定式的复合结构，在句中作真正的主语，1作形式主语。 参考译文 屠呦呦获诺贝尔奖 2015年10月6日 本年度的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖已授予屠呦呦（得主之一），她的研究使青蒿素这种至关重要的新 型抗疟疾药物得以发现。青蒿素挽救了成千上万人的生命，改善了很多人的健康状况。全世界每年有 2亿多人感染疟疾，其中约60万人死于该种疾病。青蒿素成了抗疟疾药物的关键成分，据估计每年仅 在非洲就能挽救10万人的生命。 屠呦呦，一位尽职尽责、锲而不舍的科学家，1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波，1955年毕业于北 京大学医学部（原北京医学院）。毕业后，她就职于北京的中国中医研究院。1967年，中国政府组建了 一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。起初，屠动勃 奔赴疟疾更为常见的海南研究疟疾患者。1969年，她在北京成了该项目的负责人，并决定从中医药古 方中寻找应对疟疾的传统植物疗法。她的团队研读了2000多篇（个）中医药古籍（古方），评估了28万 种植物的药学属性。通过研究，他们发现并测试了380种不同的有望战胜疟疾的古代中医疗法。 一本四世纪的医药文献推荐使用青蒿提取物来治疗发烧。屠物喻的团队测试了一组干青蒿叶，但 是发现无效。之后，他们尝试水煎新鲜青蒿叶，用熬出的液体治疗疟疾，但是依旧无效。他们的项目 陷入了僵局。然而，屠呦呦并不认输。她再次分析医药文献，碰巧发现其中有一句话建议采用一种不 同的方法处理青蒿。她得出结论，认为水煎青蒿显然破坏了它的药学属性。通过使用更低的温度萃取 提取物后，她发现了一种有效物质。经历了190多次的失败之后，这个团队终于在1971年获得了成 功。屠呦喇与团队成员甚至坚持以身试药，以确保药物的安全性。随后，该药物被试用于疟疾患者， 其中大多数人康复了。这种被称为青蒿素的药物很快就成为治疗疟疾的标准疗法。 据屠呦呦所说，青蒿素的发现是团队共同努力的结果。当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这 份荣誉不仅仅属于我个人。我的身后是一个团队及全国人民。这项成功印证了传统中医药的巨大价 值。中国的科学研究和中医药得以在全世界传播确实是一种荣誉。” 课文深读·分析篇 Sepl:把握课文脉络 Born in Ningbo.Tu was a 3. and patient scientist.who reviewed ancient Chinese medical texts Introduction against malaria. The Nobel Prize has been 1. to Tu Youyou, No more disasters whose research led to the 2. of artemisinin. Tu would not acknowledge 5. and 6. the The life and experience of Tu Youyou medical texts again.finding the great solution in the end. 4· UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT Step2:了解课文细节 1.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A.Artemisinin has saved 600,000 people in Africa alone. B.Artemisinin was discovered by a Chinese Step4:突破课文难点 medical team led by Tu Youyou. 1.This year's Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine C.Artemisinin is the most effective part of the has been awarded to Tu Youyou co-winner), treatment for malaria. whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, D.Over 200 million people around the world a crucial new treatment for malaria. died from malaria. 句式分析：本句是 句。whose research 2. inspired the team to test wormwood. led to the discovery of artemisinin是非限制性定语 A.A botanical treatment 从句，修饰先行词 ；a crucial new treatment for malaria 的同位语。 B.A number of plants C.The fight against malaria 自主翻译： D.An ancient Chinese medical text 3.Tu Youyou went to Hainan to carry out her research because A.malaria was more common in Hainan B.she was born there 2.In 1967,the Chinese government formed a team C.she once worked there of scientists with the objective of discovering a D.she wanted to find traditional botanical treatments new treatment for malaria,and Tu Youyou was for the disease among the first researchers chosen. 4.Where is the passage possibly chosen from? 句式分析：本句是and连接的 句。the A.A TV interview. Chinese government formed a team of scientists 是一个简单句，with the objective of discovering B.A medical report. a new treatment for malaria作后置定语，修饰a C.A book review. team of scientists;Tu Youyou was among the D.A newspaper. first researchers chosen是另一个简单句，过去 Step3:扩充课文内容 分词 作后置定语，表示被动，修饰名 Read the passage carefully and find the 词短语the first researchers。 phrases and sentences to describe the characters of Tu Youyou. 自主翻译： 3.They then tried boiling fresh wormwood,and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria,but this did not work either. ·5· 高中同步讲练测·一线调研「英语·选择性必修第一册 句式分析：本句是 连接的并列句。句中 自主翻译： boiling fresh wormwood u using the liquid tried 的并列 ;obtained from this是过去分词 短语作后置 ， 修饰liquid,to treat malaria是动词不定式短语作 状语。 重难点知识·要突破 重点词汇详解 1 vital adj,必不可少的；极其重要的：充满生机的 【教材原句】Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria,and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone. 青蒿素成了抗疟疾药物的关键成分，据估计每年仅在非洲就能挽救10万人的生命。 (1)be vital for/to 【练透】单句语法填空 对…至关重要 be of vital importance to) DReading interesting Chinese news every day is (2)It is vital to do sth 做某事是极其重要的 vital American exchange students if they It is vital that..(should)do sth…做某事 want to learn Chinese well. 是极其重要的 ②It is vital memorise)as many words and expressions as possible at the beginning 【佳句】You can talk about some cultural differences of learning English. between China and America from your own 【写美】完成句子 experiences,which is of vital importance to us. ③如果我们想要在生活中有所作为，从小事做起 你可以从你的亲身经历出发，谈一谈中国和美国 极其重要。 之间的一些文化差异，这对我们来说是至关重 If we want to make a difference in life,it's vital 要的。 that 2 committed ad.尽心尽力的；坚定的：坚信的 【教材原句】Tu Youyou,a committed and patient scientist,.was born in Ningbo,China,on30 December 1930,and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955. 屠呦呦，一位尽职尽责，锲而不舍的科学家，1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波，1955年毕业于北京大 学医学部（原北京医学院）。 (I)be committed to(doing)sth致力于做某事 【佳句】He has committed himself to carrying out (2)commit vt,承诺：保证i,忠于：全心全意投 some fascinating researches on the language of 入（工作、活动等） dolphins. commit oneself to do sth承诺/保证做某事 他决心要对海豚的语言进行一些引人人胜的 commit oneself to doing sth专心致志于做某事 研究。 (3)commitment n.投入；奉献；承诺 【练透】单句语法填空 make a commitment to(doing)sth承诺，保 ①As he is (commit)to the happiness 证做某事 of the people of the whole nation,he has earned ·6· UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT our love and respect. 2With the help of their father,the twins were the government has taken many effective committed to make delicious measures.(形容词短语作状语) breakfast. 【写美】一句多译 the government has taken many effective ③政府致力于保护环境免受污染，已经采取了许 measures.(动词-ing短语作状语) 多有效措施。 3 acknowledge,承认（属实、权威等）：（公开）感谢 【教材原句】However,Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.然而，屠呦呦并不认输。 (1)acknowledge..to be as..承认…是 【练透】单句语法填空 为… ①Tom acknowledged acknowledge doing having done sth承认做 (defeat)in the English speech competition,which 了某事 made us quite upset. It is widely'universally acknowledged that... 【写美】完成句子 们普遍认为… ②人们普逍认为诚实是上策。因此，我承认打破 (2)acknowledgement n,承认；感谢 了邻居的窗户。 【佳句】Since you acknowledged committing the mistake,I would give you another opportunity. 既然你承认犯了错误，我就再给你一次机会。 honesty is the best policy.As a consequence. 4 defeat n.失败；挫败t,击败；战胜 (l)suffer a defeat遭受失败 【练透】单句语法填空 acknowledge/admit defeat 承认失败 ①Although (defeat),you can still find a heavy defeat大败；惨败 something more precious than victory. a narrow defeat险胜 2Their first attempt to make popcorn failed,but six wins and two defeats六胜二负 they didn't acknowledge The brave (2)defeat sb击败某人 boys wouldn't be by the temporary 【佳句】①The reason why we suffered a defeat was failure.(defeat) that we hadn't made a full preparation. 【写美】完成句子 我们遭受失败的原因是我们设有做好充分的 ③听说你在比赛中击败了其他所有的竞争对手， 准备。 我写信向你表示祝贺。 2The captain offered no excuses for his team's 公 humiliating defeat. the contest,I am writing to congratulate you. 队长没有为球队的耻辱性失败找任何借口。 ·7· 高中同步讲练测·一线调研丨英语·选择性必修第一册 5 insist vi.&.t.坚持：坚决要求 【教材原句】Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.屠呦呦与团队成员甚至坚持以身试药，以确保药物的安全性。 (1)insist on/upon doing sth坚持/坚决要求做 【练透】单句语法填空 某事 DThe teacher insisted that every minute (2)当insist作“坚持主张，坚决要求”讲时，其 (make)full use of to do the work well. (have) 后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动 His friends insisted that they no connection with the accident and that they 词用“should十动词原形”，should可以 (set)free. 省略。 【写美】一句多译 (3)当insist作“坚持说，坚持认为”讲时，其后的 ③他坚持要考驾照，因为开车是现代社会的一项 宾语从句用陈述语气。 重要技能。 【佳句】①She kept insisting on her innocence He insisting that she was innocent. because driving is an essential skill in modern 她坚持说她是清白的。 society.(insist that) 2I insist on your taking insist that you take He immediate action to put this right. because driving is an essential skill in modern 我坚决要求你立刻采取行动把事情处理好。 society.(insist on/upon) 重点句型解构 句型公式：upon/on doing..在…的时候：当…时：一…就 【教材原句】Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize,she said,“The honour is not just mine.There is a team behind me,and all the people of my country.”当听到自己被授子诺贝尔奖时，她 说：“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我个人。我的身后是一个团队及全国人民…” (1)upon/on doing(that).,一…就…（表示一 件事紧接着另一件事发生) he jumped with great joy. (2)表示“一…就…”的其他形式：as soon as, ②得知伯纳德处境困难，约翰立即致力于制作爆 the moment/minute instant,immediately directly instantly 米花来帮助他。 【佳句】Upon On hearing the starting gun,everyone just rushed forward,only a small thin body was John was immediately committed to helping him staggering behind. by making popcorn.(upon doing) 一听到比赛的枪声，大家都向前冲去，只有一个 瘦小的身体摇摇晃晃地跟在后面。 John was immediately committed to helping him 【写美】完成句子/一句多译 by making popcorn.(the moment) ①一收到录取通知书，他就高兴地跳起来。 Z句型公式：It is an honour for sb to do sth对某人来说做某事是一种荣誉一件幸事 【教材原句】It is indeed an honour for China's scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world..中国的科学研究和中医药得以在全世界传播确实是一种荣誉。 ·8· UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT t作形式主语的常用句式： 【写美】完成句子 (l)Itbe+过去分词(said,thought,believed, ①我真诚地希望你的梦想会实现，当那一天到来 supposed,reported..)+that从句 时，带你参观北京对我来说是一种极大的荣幸。 (2)Itbe+形容词(strange,important,vital, I sincerely hope your dream will come true and obvious,possible..)+that从句 when (3)ltbe+名词短语(a pity,a fact,a good idea, that day comes. no wonder..)十that从句 ②听说你要去拜访一个中国家庭，我非常高兴。 【佳句】To be honest,it is an honour for me to 你有必要了解一下中国的餐桌礼仪。 represent my class to take part in the group I'm more than delighted to learn that you are dancing competition. going to visit a Chinese family. 说实话，对我来说，代表班级参加小组跳舞比赛 the table manners of China. 是一种荣幸。 中频词汇特训 (I)evaluate sb on..根据…评价某人 【练透】单句语法填空 (2)evaluation n.评估；评价 D It is widely acknowledged that students should make an evaluation of 对…进行评估 (evaluate)in terms of overall qualities. 【佳句】Ican't evaluate his ability without seeing 2Three professors were asked to make an his work. (evaluate)of the teaching plans designed by the 没有看到他的工作情况，我无法评论他的能力。 new teachers. 2 obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得：赢得i.(规章、习俗等)存在：流行 (1)obtain sth for sb为某人取得某物 【练透】单句语法填空 (2)obtainable adj,能得到的；可获得的 DFinally,he acknowledged 【佳句】①I obtained this record for you with (obtain)his father's financial support. difficulty. 【写美】完成句子 我好不容易为你弄到了这张唱片。 ②他不仅帮助我更好地了解中国，而且我（也）学 2Information on the subject is easily obtainable 到了诚实的重要性 on the Internet. Not only does he help me 有关这一主题的信息很容易在因特网上获得。 but I (also)have learnt the importance of honesty. 3 apparently adv.显而易见；看来：显然 (1)As is apparently shown in the picture above... 【写美】一句多译 正如上面图画中所明显展示的那样… 显而易见，早睡早起对我们的身体健康非常有益。 (2)It is apparent obvious that.,显然 going to bed early and getting up 【佳句】Apparently,she resigned because she had early is of great benefit to our health.(adv. an argument with her boss. going to bed early and getting 显然，她辞职是因为她和老板吵架了。 up early is of great benefit to our health.(adj.) 9