U3 Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage（课件PPT）-【新课程学案】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册（译林版2019）

Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage 　(语法项目——动词-ing形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语) 目 录 语法专题突破 新知深化学习 课时检测 语法专题突破 语境中体悟 Attracted by mermaids since she was a child, Hannah Fraser created her first tail when she was only nine years old.①Now, she is a model and performance artist devoting herself to ocean conservation.②You can see her wearing mermaid clothing and diving up to 50 feet underwater to swim with dolphins, sharks and whales. ③She appeared in The Cove, a documentary aiming at highlighting the cruelty of dolphin hunting. ④Besides performing and modelling, Hannah travels the world giving presentations and talks, getting more people involved in the conservation of ocean life. [语法入门] 句①和句③中的devoting ...及aiming at ...为现在分词短语在句中作定语。 句②中的wearing ...及diving ...为现在分词短语在句中作宾语补足语。 句④中的giving ...及getting ...为现在分词短语在句中作状语。 学案中理清 一、动词-ing形式作定语　 [先感知] ①You should adapt to the changing situation. ②No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room. ③(教材典句)Fiona Lin, the lady running the website, had the idea after she watched her daughter dancing two years ago. ④This is an amazing achievement. ⑤The house being built here belongs to John. [会发现] (1)changing是现在分词作定语，表示“ ”。 (2)reading是动名词作定语，说明room的 。 (3)running the website是现在分词短语作定语，相当于定语从句 。 (4)amazing是现在分词作定语，表示“ ”。 (5)being built是动词-ing形式的 。 正在变化的 用途 who is running the website 令人吃惊的 被动式 [明规则] 1．动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。现在分词作定语时，和被修饰词之间为逻辑上的主动关系，表示所修饰词正在进行的动作；动名词作定语时表示被修饰词的某种性能或用途，相当于for引导的介词短语。 2．单个现在分词作定语，常放在被修饰词之前作前置定语；现在分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰词之后作后置定语。 3．有些动词-ing形式已转化成形容词，表示“令人……的”。 4．如果分词与被修饰词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且表示正在进行的动作，应用动词-ing形式的被动式：being done。　　 [对点练]　 (1)用动词-ing形式改写句子 ①A country that/which is developing needs aids. →______________________________ ②The man who wears a red tie is our headmaster. →_______________________________________ A developing country needs aids. The man wearing a red tie is our headmaster. ③The workers who are working in the factory are well-paid. →____________________________________________ ④Do you know the woman who is talking to Tom? →____________________________________ The workers working in the factory are well-paid. Do you know the woman talking to Tom? (2)用动词-ing形式完成句子 ⑤He rushed into . 他冲进了正在燃烧的房子里。 ⑥ is my brother. 站在那里的那个男孩是我弟弟。 ⑦ is our classroom. 朝南的房间是我们的教室。 the burning house The boy standing over there The room facing south 二、动词-ing形式作状语　 [先感知] ①Turning around, she saw an ambulance driving away. ②(教材典句)Taking advantage of the site's great start, Fiona decided to add more content. ③(教材典句)Having achieved such success, Fiona hopes to attract more users through other forms of new media. ④The old scientist died all of a sudden, leaving the project unfinished. ⑤Working hard, you'll make great progress. [会发现] (1)以上各句中的蓝体部分依次在句中作伴随状语、原因状语、 、 及 。 (2)句③中动词-ing短语为 ，表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。 时间状语 结果状语 条件状语 完成式 [明规则] 1．动词-ing形式作状语时的形式   主动形式 被动形式 时态意义 一般式 doing being done 构成动词-ing的动词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作(几乎)同时发生 完成式 having done having been done 构成动词-ing的动词所表示的动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作发生 语态意义 主动形式表示构成动词-ing的动词与句子主语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系；被动形式表示构成动词-ing的动词与句子主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系 续表 2.动词-ing形式作状语时的类型 动词-ing形式作状语时可以表示原因、条件、让步、时间、结果、方式或伴随状况，作方式状语或伴随状语时可以变为并列成分，作原因、条件、让步、时间状语时相当于对应的状语从句。 状语类型 例句 时间 Hearing the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai. (＝When they heard the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai.) 听到这个消息，他们立即出发去上海了。 原因 Being tired, I stopped to have a rest. (＝Because I was tired, I stopped to have a rest.) 我累了，于是停下来休息一下。 结果 The snow lasted a week, resulting in serious traffic confusion in the whole area. 这场雪持续了一个星期，造成了整个地区严重的交通混乱。 条件 Turning to the right, you will find a path leading to his cottage. (＝If you turn to the right, you will find a path leading to his cottage.) 向右转弯，你就可以找到一条通往他的小屋的小路。 续表 让步 Admitting what she has said, I still think that she hasn't tried her best.(＝Although I admit what she has said, I still think that she hasn't tried her best.) 尽管我承认她所说的话，但我仍然认为她没有尽她最大的努力。 方式 Please answer the question using another way. (＝Please answer the question and use another way.) 请用另一种方式回答这个问题。 续表 伴随 He walked down the hill, singing softly. (＝He walked down the hill and sang softly.) 他从小山上走下来，轻声哼着歌。 续表 [对点练] (1)单句语法填空 ①(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷) (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang's play was being performed.” Recalling ②(2023·全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins, (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. ③(2023·全国乙卷) (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. borrowing Having visited ④(2022·全国甲卷)He flew 4,700 kilometers from Xi'an to Kashgar on Sept.20, (plan) to hike back to Xi'an in five months. ⑤(2022·全国乙卷)To strengthen the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts. planning inviting (2)用现在分词完成句子 ⑥The fire lasted a whole night, . 大火持续了一整夜，造成了巨大损失。 ⑦ , he went to bed. 完成了作业后，他上床睡觉了。 ⑧ , he didn't come. 他不知道这件事，所以没来。 causing great damage Having finished his homework Not knowing this matter 三、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语　 [先感知] ①(教材典句)She always found dance relaxing after a long day at school. ②I saw the little boy crying there. ③We kept the fire burning all night long. ④I won't have you running about in the room. ⑤I couldn't do my homework with the noise going on. [会发现] (1)句①②中 和 属于感官动词。 (2)句③④中 和 属于使役动词。 (3)句⑤中含有with复合结构。 find see keep have [明规则] 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时，表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态，常用于以下情况： (1)感官动词(短语)see、 hear、 feel、 smell、 find、 notice、 observe、 look at、 listen to等后可跟动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。 (2)使役动词have、 let、 keep、 get、 leave等后可跟动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。 (3)with复合结构中，可用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。　　 |名师点津|　在see、 hear、 feel、 watch等感官动词后，既可用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，也可用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。用动词-ing形式时，表示动作正在进行；用省略了to的不定式时，表示动作从开始到结束的全过程。 I saw him run across the road. 我看到他跑过了马路。(强调整个过程) I saw him running across the road. 我看见他正跑过马路。(强调正在进行) [对点练]　(单句语法填空) ①Don't leave the water (run) while you brush your teeth. ②The manager came into the meeting room with his secretary _________(follow) behind. ③I'm sorry to have you (wait) for such a long time. running following waiting 应用中融通 Ⅰ.用非谓语动词改写句子 1．I went back home proudly that afternoon.I jumped with joy. →I went back home proudly that afternoon, . jumping with joy 2．Because I thought that his solution might be wrong, I carefully analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a different way. → , I carefully analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a different way. Thinking that his solution might be wrong 3．After we had practiced playing basketball for almost two months, we strongly desired to be the winner. → , we strongly desired to be the winner. Having practiced playing basketball for almost two months 4．Mike's mother did almost everything for him when he was in high school, which made it difficult for him to adapt to the college life. →Mike's mother did almost everything for him when he was in high school, . making it difficult for him to adapt to the college life Ⅱ.完成句子 1．He was caught in the rain, thus . 被雨淋后他感冒了。 2．The stadium now will be the biggest one in our city. 正在设计中的体育馆将是我们城市最大的一个。 making him catch a cold being designed 3．In a word, I won't have you ! 总之，我不会容忍你和你父母那样说话！ 4． , he couldn't sleep well. 心中装着那么多工作，他睡不好。 5． , we put off the sports meeting. 因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。 talking to your parents like that With so much work filling his mind Not having made full preparations Ⅲ.用所给词的适当形式填空 The Lake Poets were a small group of poets ① (live) in the Lake District of England in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.The Lake District, ② (know) for its beauty, is in the northwest of England.The first of the poets ③ (come) there was Robert Southey, one of the most respected poets of his time.④ (follow) him was William Wordsworth, perhaps Britain's living known coming/to come Following most celebrated 19th century poet, and then Samuel Coleridge, who had written the ⑤ (pioneer) work Lyrical Ballads with Wordsworth.Soon, ⑥ (draw) both by its natural beauty and a desire to be near these famous poets, other poets came ⑦ (live) in the Lake District.All of these poets were seen as part of the Romantic Movement. pioneering drawn to live 新知深化学习 1．Fiona wanted to introduce more people to dance, so she set up JustDance. 菲奥娜想让更多人了解舞蹈，所以她建立了“跳舞吧”(网站)。 ★set up创建，建立 |用|法|感|知| •Later, Ryan's experience led him to set up a foundation to encourage more people to help others. 后来，瑞安的经历促使他建立了一个基金会，以鼓励更多的人去帮助他人。 •(“场景描写”佳句)When the last rays of sunlight were falling, we decided to set up camp along the river for the night. 当最后一缕阳光落下时，我们决定在小河边搭帐篷过夜。 [归纳点拨] set about (doing) sth.＝set out to do sth.　　开始着手(做)某事 set aside 留出；拨出；把……置于一旁 set off＝set out 动身；出发 set down 记下，放下　　　　 |应|用|融|会| (1)用适当的介、副词填空 ①We are going to set at 9：00 a．m. and come back to school at 4：30 p．m. on Sunday. ②To get this problem solved, I'd like to set a rule that the whole class work in groups to give lessons once in a while. ③As soon as she got home, my mother set preparing lunch. off/out up about ④After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition (学费), because there was no extra money set for a college education. ⑤He would always set new ideas that occurred to him. (2)替换加蓝词汇 ⑥The school has established a successful relationship with the local community.______ aside down set up 2．For example, she has requested a technical team to develop an app so as to satisfy different users' needs. 例如，她要求一个技术团队开发一个应用程序以满足不同用户的需求。 ★request vt.要求，请求 n．要求，请求；要求的事 |用|法|感|知| •Once the book you've requested is delivered to the nearest branch, they will inform you by e-mail, so you can pick it up. 一旦你要求的书被送到最近的分店，他们会用电子邮件通知你，这样你就可以取书了。 •I'm willing to give you a hand and offer some practical suggestions at your request. 我愿意帮助你，并根据你的要求提供一些切实可行的建议。 •It is requested that all the articles (should) be related to the students' life. 按照要求，所有的文章都应该与学生的生活相关。 [归纳点拨] (1)request sb.(not) to do sth. 要求/请求某人(不)做某事 |应|用|融|会| (1)单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Every one of our class is requested (be) in the classroom at 6：30 a．m. tomorrow. ②In response to your request readers' comments, I'm writing to share my personal opinions on English Monthly. to be for ③Those who would like to go in the office before 5：00 p．m. next Friday. 那些想去的人要在下周五下午5点之前在办公室签名。 are requested to sign up your names (2)句式升级 ④We ask everyone to attend the meeting in the afternoon. → the meeting in the afternoon.(升级加蓝词汇并改为被动语态) ⑤We request that all cell phones be turned off for the duration of the performance. → all cell phones be turned off for the duration of the performance.(升级为it作形式主语) Everyone is requested to attend It is requested that 课时检测 Ⅰ.阅读理解 Teachers say that the digital age has had a good influence and a not-so-good influence on American teenagers.More than 2,000 middle school teachers took an online survey.Researchers also spoke with teachers in some groups.Most teachers think the Internet and digital search tools have had a mostly positive influence on their students' research habits and skills.But at the same time, some teachers also point out some problems in teenagers' using digital search tools. The Pew Internet Project did the survey with the College Board and the National Writing Project.Judy Buchanan is the director of the National Writing Project and a co-writer of the report.She says digital search tools are helping students learn more, and learn faster.“Both teachers and students really welcome these tools because they make learning exciting.And the goal is to really help students become creators of something meaningful, and not just users of the online information.” But one problem the survey found is that these technologies make teenagers have short attention spans (持续时间)．As there is lots of information about different subjects on the Internet, teenagers' attention is easily drawn away from their research. Another problem the survey found is that many students trust the information they find on the Internet too much.Judy Buchanan says these students have not developed the skills to judge the online information.They need to learn a lot to tell if the information is believable.It's something that really has to be paid attention to. One more problem the survey found is something that might not seem like a problem at all: being able to quickly find information online.Many students think “doing research” now means just doing a quick search on the Internet.Teachers say the result is a drop in the wish and ability of their students to work hard to find answers.That is, they are depending too much on search engines and do not make enough use of printed books or research libraries. Many teachers also say that the Internet makes it easy for students to copy work done by others instead of using their own abilities. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字搜索工具给青少年带来的一些帮助和问题。 1．The result of the survey shows . A．digital search tools need to be greatly improved B．digital search tools are generally good for teenagers C．teenagers have difficulty in using digital search tools D．American teachers enjoy using digital search tools √ 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“She says digital search tools are helping students learn more, and learn faster.”可知，调查表明数字搜索工具通常对青少年有益，能帮助他们更高效地学习。 2．Using digital search tools makes teenagers . A．less trusting of online information B．more independent in doing research C．more willing to work hard to find answers D．less able to pay full attention while searching 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段可知，青少年在数字搜索过程中容易受其他因素影响，不能完全集中注意力。 √ 3．To do better in research, teenagers should . A．spend more time searching online B．ask their teachers for more advice C．make better use of printed materials D．acquire more knowledge of search tools √ 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“they are depending too much on search engines and do not make enough use of printed books or research libraries”可知，为了在调查研究中做得更好，青少年应充分利用印刷版的资料。 4．What does the passage mainly tell us? A．All the students like using digital tools. B．The Internet is playing an important role. C．Teachers encourage their students to use digital tools. D．Digital tools bring about something helpful and problems. √ 解析：主旨大意题。文章第一段第一句点明数字时代对美国青少年既有好的影响，也有不好的影响；第二段介绍数字搜索工具通常对青少年有益；第三至六段列举了其对青少年的负面影响；所以全文介绍的是数字工具带来的一些帮助和问题。 Ⅱ.完形填空 A mother and daughter were rescued from the wreckage (残骸) of a car crash thanks to an app.It can 5 people anywhere in the world using just three words. Valerie Hawkett, 33, lost 6 of her car while driving round a sharp bend in Somerset last October.Ms Hawkett's 7 went flying over a bush and landed on its side in a field. Her four-year-old 8 Tegan was in the back and the panicked mother called the police to come to her aid — but she didn't know where she was. Officers were able to find their way to Ms Hawkett in the field — after 9 her the link to a website called what3words.It is able to find the exact 10 of any location on Earth.It told Ms Hawkett the three-word square she was in — “Weekend foggy earphones” — which 11 policemen to a road near a field on the A36 heading out of Norton St Philip, Somerset. Ms Hawkett, from Trowbridge, Wiltshire, said, “It was absolutely brilliant.It's really, really 12 .I could have been in that field all day 13 the three-word location.” Ms Hawkett said her car landed on its side, with the only means of 14 being through the back passenger-side door.She said, “The only thing 15 me in my seat was my seat belt.But I 16 to get that undone and get me and my daughter out through the back door.I 17 the police after we got out the car.” Ms Hawkett and Tegan were taken to a 18 nearby to be checked over — but were told they were 19 injured and sent home shortly afterwards. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。 文章讲述了一对母女在开车途中遭遇事故，向警察求救，在一个应用程序的帮助下，警察确定了她们的位置，并营救了她们。 5．A.trust　　　　　　　 B．accept C．train D．find 解析：此处与第四段中的“It is able to find the exact ...”呼应。find为原词复现。 √ 6．A.sight B．control C．hope D．track 解析：上文中提到这对母女遭遇了车祸，由此可知是车子失控了。lose control of“失控”。 √ 7．A.phone B．glasses C．vehicle D．freezer 解析：由第六段中的“her car landed on its side”可知，她的车侧翻了。选项中与car可以互换的只有vehicle。 √ 8．A.son B．niece C．daughter D．nephew 解析：由文章首句中的“A mother and daughter”可知，是母女两个遭遇了车祸，所以坐在后座的是她女儿。 √ 9．A.handing B．texting C．attaching D．applying 解析：由于警察和Hawkett女士是在两个不同的地方，所以他们联系的方式只能是发信息(text)。 √ √ 10．A.effect B．function C．advantage D．position 解析：空后一句讲述这个软件如何帮助警察找到Hawkett女士，所以此处应该是说这个软件能帮助找到确切位置(position)。 11．A.compared B．added C．connected D．directed 解析：由于警察是跟着网站给的三个字的信息及地址去寻找Hawkett女士，也就相当于是这个软件给他们指路。 √ 12．A.cheap B．good C．safe D．light 解析：引号中的It前后一致，这两句话句式也一致，根据意思，此处应该是brilliant的近义词，故用good。 √ 13．A.thanks to B．in favour of C．but for D．in relation to 解析：本句使用的是与过去情况相反的虚拟语气，but for是虚拟语气的标志词，指的是“要不是这个程序，我就得一直在那里待着”。 √ 14．A.success B．attempt C．support D．escape 解析：由下文中的“get me and my daughter out through the back door”可知，她和她女儿最终是通过后门逃出去的，也就是说后门是她们逃脱的唯一途径。 √ 15．A.following B．holding C．pushing D．attracting 解析：根据空后一句中的“get that undone”可知，安全带将她固定在了座位上，也就是让她保持(hold)在座位上。 √ 16．A.managed B．promised C．pretended D．forgot 解析：根据空后一句中的“after we got out the car”可知，她们成功逃出了车。 √ 17．A.helped B．inspired C．called D．stopped 解析：根据第三段中的“the panicked mother called the police”可知，从车里逃出后，Hawkett女士给警察打了电话(call)。 √ 18．A.hospital B．shelter C．subway D．motorway 解析：根据句中的“to be checked over”可知， Hawkett女士和Tegan是被带到了医院(hospital)。 √ 19．A.steadily B．rapidly C．obviously D．slightly 解析：根据句中的“sent home shortly afterwards”可知，她们受伤不严重。 √ Ⅲ.语法填空 More than 20,000 people have signed for calling on the NSW government to ban mobile phones in public high schools so that children 1 (actual) spend their break time talking to each other. A high school student came up with the idea.He said he had not been able to make new friends with his classmates totally 2 (addict) to their phone screens.A head teacher Rachel Chappell said many teachers, parents and students supported the ban.“The 3 (big) problem is the distraction.If something is beeping in your pocket, that is not good for your 4 (concentrate) on learning，” she said.“Also playtime is really important.I remember sitting around with my mates chatting 5 what is going on in their lives and if students don't have the chance to do that because they're looking at a phone all the time, that's 6 worry.” But the state's Education Minister, Sarah Mitchell, has recommended no policy (政策) change, allowing head teachers 7 (set) their own rules when it comes to mobile phones.“While mobiles can cause trouble, students need to learn how to use their phones responsibly，” she said, 8 (add) that parents also have a role to play in changing how mobile phones 9 (use)．“It is not the technology but how we use mobile phones 10 is the problem.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了美国新南威尔士州的人们联名要求州政府禁止高中生使用手机，并介绍了不同的人对此问题的不同看法。 1．actually　考查副词。 修饰动词spend应用副词actually，作状语。 2．addicted　考查非谓语动词。 分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作非谓语，且addict与逻辑主语classmates之间构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。 3．biggest　考查形容词最高级。 根据上文定冠词以及句意“最大的”可知应用最高级。 4．concentration　考查名词。空前有形容词性物主代词your，空处应用名词concentration。 5．about　考查介词。chat about sth.“闲聊……”，为固定短语。 6．a　考查冠词。worry为可数名词，表示“令人烦恼的事”，此处表泛指且其是以辅音音素开头的单词，故用a。 7．to set　考查非谓语动词。allow sb.to do sth.表示“允许某人做某事”，为固定用法。 8．adding　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作非谓语，且add与逻辑主语she之间构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。 9．are used　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，how引导的从句为宾语从句，主语与谓语构成被动关系；结合上文“have”可知，应用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语为mobile phones，谓语用复数。故填are used。 10．that　考查强调句。分析句子结构可知，此处为强调句“it is＋被强调部分＋that/who”，被强调部分为not the technology but how we use mobile phones，指物，应用that。 要求……做…… (2) 　 应某人的要求/请求 make a request/requests for ... 要求/请求……　　　　 $$