U2 Section Ⅴ “Extended reading”的课文习读环节（课件PPT）-【新课程学案】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册（译林版2019）

Section Ⅴ　“Extended reading” 的课文习读环节 目 录 课文阅读理解 课文写法借鉴 课时检测 课文阅读理解 (一)理清文脉结构 泛读课文，完成以下学习任务 Roman golden pleasure the fishermen cloud-capped a huge tree ran away the earthquake was unearthed painted the workman’s hand √ (二)把握主旨大意 1．What's mainly described in this passage? A．The power of natural disasters. B．An old Roman city was unearthed. C．People's reaction when faced with the disaster. D．The eruption of Mount Vesuvius and destruction of Pompeii. 2．Match the main idea with each part. Part 1 (Para.1)　A．The remains of Pompeii were unearthed. Part 2 (Paras.2～4)　B．What Pompeii was like before Mount Vesuvius erupted. Part 3 (Para.5) C．What happened during the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. 答案：Parts 1～3　BCA (一)阅读理解 1．Which statement is TRUE according to paragraph 1? A．People can imagine the life of the whole Roman Empire from the life in Pompeii. B．There were few trading ships in the port in Pompeii. C．Mount Vesuvius hadn't erupted before. D．Pompeii was not a typical Roman city. √ 精读课文，完成以下学习任务 2．What can we infer from the last sentence in paragraph 1? A．People in Pompeii had known what would happen. B．People in Pompeii didn't take notice of the danger to come. C．People in Pompeii told a story of past eruptions. D．People in Pompeii were very busy at that time. √ 3．How did people react when the disaster happened? A．They were so nervous and panicked. B．They were so calm that they left their home safely. C．They were so helpless but they were rescued. D．They hurried to a safe place. √ 4．Which of the following is the right order of the volcanic eruption? a．The fire moved and changed in colour with every moment. b．The mountain-cloud rolled near, dark and rapid，like a river. c．A huge cloud shot from the peak of the volcano，looking like a huge tree. d．The earth began to shake and the sound of falling roofs could be heard. e．The earthquake came. A．a－c－b－e－d　　 B．c－a－d－b－e C．a－b－d－e－c D．b－a－e－c－d √ [Tip] 利用首尾法解排序题 解答排序题时，先查看选项，如果每个选项的首尾事件都是不一样的，则可以利用首尾法快速确定答案，即先根据原文确定事件的开头和结尾，然后与选项的首尾事件进行印证，进而确定答案。此时需要注意，当确定最终答案后，一定要对照原文，对该选项的每一步进行验证，以免一时疏忽出现错误。　　　 5．What happened to Pompeii seventeen centuries later? A．It was buried deep and forgotten by people forever. B．The colour faded on the rich pattern of its floors. C．It was restored to its former glory. D．It remained as it had been and could still remind people of its glorious past. √ 6．What is the author's tone when writing this text? A．Indifferent. B．Upset. C．Positive. D．Excited. √ (二)阅读表达 1．What destroyed the city of Pompeii completely? The eruption of Mount Vesuvius. 2．Do you think that we will be better able to protect ourselves from natural disasters in the future？Why or why not? Option 1： Yes，I believe we will be better able to protect ourselves from natural disasters in the future.The development of science and technology will improve the ability to predict the arrival of natural disasters and help us be better organized and prepared for disasters. Option 2： No.No matter how advanced science and technology may be in the future, natural disasters will always challenge us because most of them are unpredictable.Human technical skill will never match the power of nature, so our ability to protect ourselves will always be limited and this means that we will always be victims of natural disasters in some way. |阅|读|技|能|提|升| 本文的语篇节选自小说《庞贝城的末日》。小说是一种文学体裁，它是通过人物、情节和环境来表现故事主题和情感的一种文学形式。阅读此类文学作品时应注意把握文章中提到的时间、地点，以此为依据来理清情节脉络。如本文以火山爆发前、中、后的时间顺序为线索展开叙述，描写了灾难前庞贝城的繁荣和灾难中的惨烈，以及今日人们面对庞贝城遗址时的感叹。同时，应重视文中的细节描写，通过这 些细节来推测文章的深层含义。如本文中对灾难场面、人们心态的详细描写是为了展现自然灾害给人类带来的巨大伤害，让读者对自然产生敬畏之心，从而更加重视对环境的保护。 课文写法借鉴 (一)赏用词之妙　 1．The awful night rolled slowly away, and the dawn greyly broke on THE LAST DAY OF POMPEII! 赏析：本句话前半句中使用了动词短语roll away与 slowly搭配，生动形象地描绘出夜晚缓缓退去的场景，后半句中则用动词broke描述了庞贝城末日的开启，鲜明的对比，渲染出强烈的视觉效果。 2．It took the form of a huge tree: the trunk, blackness, the branches, fire! 赏析：冒号后的“the trunk, blackness, the branches, fire”以省略形式呈现，简短的用词有力地描绘了火山的形态，营造了一种火山爆发时紧张、扣人心弦的氛围。 3．Each hurried blindly and fearfully on. 赏析：此处使用了副词blindly和fearfully来修饰动词hurried，生动形象地描述出当时人们的惊慌与恐惧。副词用来修饰动词能使动作描述更生动，尤其适用于读后续写的动作描写中。 [提能训练] (1)翻译句子 ①The seagull flew off, the waves rolled away and we should depart. 海鸥飞走了， ，而我们也该离开了。 浪涛滚滚而去 (2)选词填空(blindly, eagerly, fearfully) ②The boy looked at his mother , hoping she could buy the toy for him. ③He wanted to decide for himself instead of following others' advice. ④There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, .　　　　 eagerly blindly fearfully (二)赏句式之高　 1．Trading ships bringing imports to the city or carrying exports overseas, along with golden pleasure boats for the rich, were crowded together in the glassy water of the port. 赏析：本句中的“bringing imports ...for the rich”使用了现在分词短语作定语修饰trading ships，描写出了庞贝城贸易往来的繁荣景象。现在分词(短语)作定语为高级表达方式，在写作中恰当使用可成为增分亮点。 2．Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday; not a single colour changed on the rich pattern of its floors. 赏析：本句中使用了as if 引导的状语从句的省略形式，采用虚拟语气描绘出庞贝城从其安静的长眠之地被挖掘出来后，仍保持着千年前的原貌。 [提能训练]　(完成句子) ①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)During the class, I painted a landscape , with a family of ducks swimming in the lake.(feature；分词作定语) 上课时，我画了一幅风景画，画中有高耸的绿树和湛蓝的天空，还有一群鸭子在湖里游泳。 featuring the towering green trees and the clear blue sky ②He behaved . 他表现得好像什么事都没有发生。　　　　 as if nothing had happened (三)赏衔接之顺　 At that moment, they felt the earth shaking beneath their feet; beyond in the distance, they heard the crash of falling roofs.A moment later, the mountain-cloud seemed to roll towards them, dark and rapid, like a river; at the same time, it threw out a shower of ashes and huge pieces of burning stone! 赏析：本段中使用了多个表示时间顺序的词语：at that moment、 a moment later、 at the same time，自然顺畅地描写了火山爆发时的各种景象，行文连贯，节奏紧凑，营造出强烈的画面感。 [提能训练]　(完成下面语段) ， I realised that there was someone caring about me.Although I was tired， ， I felt very happy. 那时，我意识到有人在关心我。尽管很累，但同时，我感到非常快乐。 At that moment at the same time 课时检测 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A It was October 2005, and the catastrophic earthquake killing some 79,000 people in Pakistan had reduced the valley to mud and ruins. Yasmeen Lari, a 65-year-old architect, was there to help lead the reconstruction of settlements, but she had never done disaster work before.Lari was known for designing smooth towers of glass and concrete.But here, she'd be drawing plans for earthquake-resistant homes using stone and timber debris (木材碎片)．With each passing day, she felt deeply right to do disaster-relief work.So she made it her new mission, spending the next four months working with volunteer architects and engineers from Pakistan and abroad. Inspired by local buildings made with sustainable materials such as timber debris, bamboo and mud, Lari's shelters can better withstand disasters.Lari says this local, cost-effective and zero-carbon approach is creating an ecosystem.Anyone can learn by watching DIY videos on Lari's Zero Carbon Channel on the Internet. The design won a UN World Habitat Prize in 2018.“We need to believe in people's capacity to bring about change.I treat displaced people as partners, not victims.They know what to do，” says Lari. Over the decades, Yasmeen Lari has won many awards as architect and environmentalist.While it may seem like an unlikely path for a girl who was born into a well-to-do family in 1941, she had an unconventional upbringing.At home, her father would talk about the desperate need for housing.Listening to her father talk about the housing crisis and need for architects made an impression on Lari.On a family visit to London when she was 15, she applied to architecture school at Oxford Brookes University.She laughs as she recalls her bravery. At age 83, Yasmeen Lari is still full of ideas about zero-carbon designs, skills building and self-sustaining villages.“Architects can no longer work for just the one percent，” she says.“That doesn't allow them to serve humanity as much as they could.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了巴基斯坦建筑师Yasmeen Lari努力改进村庄的房屋设计，以更好地抵御自然灾害。 1．What can we learn about Lari from the first two paragraphs? A．She felt considerably proud to do disaster-relief work. B．She started a brand-new volunteer working experience. C．She was good at designing earthquake-resistant houses. D．She reconstructed the settlements with glass and concrete. √ 解析：推理判断题。根据前两段内容可知，在巴基斯坦发生了灾难性的地震之后，Lari开始把设计抗震房屋作为自己的新任务，并在接下来的四个月里，与来自巴基斯坦和国外的志愿者建筑师和工程师一起工作。由此可知，Lai开始了一段全新的志愿者工作经历。 2．How did Lari make her design practical and environmental? A．By creating an ecosystem. B．By strengthening local buildings. C．By using local sustainable materials. D．By watching DIY videos on the Internet. √ 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Inspired by local buildings made with sustainable materials such as timber debris, bamboo and mud, Lari's shelters can better withstand disasters.”可知，Lari设计的房屋就地取材，低成本、零碳、环保，即这些材料是可持续的材料。 3．Why did Lari decide to apply to architecture school? A．Her interest in architecture drove her. B．Her father encouraged her to path unusual. C．Her father talked about the demand for architects. D．Her rich family allowed her to pursue the most of dream. √ 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Listening to her father talk about the housing crisis and need for architects made an impression on Lari.”可知，Lari申请建筑学院的原因是因为听父亲谈论住房危机和对建筑师的需求给其留下了深刻的印象。 4．Which of the following best describes Yasmeen Lari? A．Sensitive and brave. B．Determined and cooperative. C．Honest and generous. D．Sympathetic and eco-responsible. √ 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“At age 83, Yasmeen Lari is still full of ideas about zero-carbon designs, skills building and self-sustaining villages.”以及“That doesn't allow them to serve humanity as much as they could.”可知，Yasmeen Lari富有同情心和环保意识。 B Standing on the ruins after the fire where his house had been, Peter Ruprecht admitted that he was not sure how or when to rebuild.He was still shocked by what Australia's increasingly changeable climate had already delivered: first a drought, then a destructive bush fire, then a foot of rain from a storm. “It's unstoppable，” said Mr Ruprecht, a former dairy farmer.“We speak about the warmth of Mother Nature, but nature can also be vicious and wild and unforgiving.” Australia's hellish (地狱的) fire season has eased (缓和), but its people are facing more than a single disaster.With floods destroying homes not far from where fires recently spread, they are facing a cycle of what scientists call “compound extremes”： one climate disaster strengthening the next. Warmer temperatures do more than just dry out the land.They also heat up the atmosphere, which means clouds hold more moisture (水汽) for longer periods of time.So droughts get worse, giving way to fires, then to heavy rains that the land is too dry to absorb. Many Australians in disaster zones complain that their government, after ignoring climate change for years, has not yet to draw up recovery plans that are clear and that take future threats into account. At the same time, the economic costs of a changing climate are rising quickly.Philip Lowe, the governor of the Reserve Bank of Australia, warned recently that Australia was already paying a price, and that it would only go up. 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚一系列极端气候灾难，包括它们的成因、危害及造成的经济损失等。 5．Why Peter Ruprecht is mentioned in the beginning? A．To arouse readers' pity. B．To introduce the topic. C．To stress the problem. D．To call on readers to help. 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段可知，提及Peter Ruprecht是为了引出话题：澳大利亚的气候灾难。 √ 6．Which word can replace the underlined word “vicious” in paragraph 2? A．Grateful.　　　　 B．Advanced. C．Responsible. D．Forcible. √ 解析：词义猜测题。画线词所在句表示“我们谈论的是大自然的温暖，但大自然也可能是vicious、野蛮和无情的”。由句中的“warmth”及转折连词“but”、并列连词“and”及“wild”可知，画线词vicious意为“残酷的，野蛮的”，故D项与画线词意思相近。 √ 7．What is the main cause of “compound extremes” in Australia? A．No recovery plans. B．Warmer temperatures. C．The lack of money. D．Government inaction. 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段可知，是温度升高导致了复合极端情况。 √ 8．Where is the text probably from? A．A guidebook. B．A travel journal. C．A news report. D．A book review. 解析：文章出处题。全文描述了澳大利亚的极端气候灾难，包括它们的成因、危害以及造成的经济损失等，属于实时报道。因此，该文章应出自一篇新闻报道。 C Hurricanes could be lasting longer after they make landfall，and spreading their damage farther inland, a new study suggests, which is a previously undescribed effect of climate change. The study, published in the journal Nature, analyzed hurricanes that have struck North America from 1967 to 2018.It found that hurricanes making landfall in the 1960s lost 75 percent of their power in the first day after coming ashore, while today a hurricane that strikes land typically decays by about 50 percent in the first day. The study's authors claimed rising ocean temperature is the driving force behind the formation of longer-lived hurricanes.They ran four models that simulate (模拟) a hurricane moving over land.In each, they adjusted the temperature of the ocean water underneath the storm.The higher the sea surface temperature was, the researchers found, the more moisture a storm carried over land and the longer it lasted.They said if a hurricane is like an engine, the warm ocean water beneath it is like fuel.When ocean water is particularly warm, as it is in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico, it can increase pressure on hurricanes.If human-caused climate warming continues, they added, the destructive power of hurricanes — some with 100-plus-mile-per-hour winds and heavy rainfall — could extend farther inland and especially affect ill-equipped communities. James Kossin, a climate scientist at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), said, “They make a convincing case that the long-lasting hurricane is related to higher ocean temperature, and this can in turn be linked to climate change.” “I would probably support the opinion that this phenomenon is possibly happening，” said Dan Chavas, an atmospheric scientist at Purdue University and one of the study's reviewers.“I think the effect is very real, but the question is how strong the effect is.We still have a long way to go.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究者通过分析数据和做实验来进行研究，进而向人们介绍了一项关于飓风的新研究。 9．What does the underlined word “decays” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Spreads. B．Hits. C．Rises. D．Weakens. √ 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句子中的连词“while”及上文“lost 75 percent of their power in the first day”和“decays by about 50 percent in the first day”可知，句中将飓风过去和现在登陆后强度的衰减进行了对比，由此推知画线词decays与上文lost同义，表示“失去，衰落，减弱”。 10．How did the researchers mainly conduct the study? A．By analyzing data and doing experiments. B．By observing hurricanes and making records. C．By simulating hurricanes and having discussions. D．By giving explanations and making comparisons. √ 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段内容以及第三段的“They ran four models that simulate a hurricane moving over land.”可知，研究者主要是通过分析数据和做实验来进行研究的。 11．What do Dan Chavas's words indicate? A．Measures should be taken to predict hurricanes. B．Climate change leads to higher ocean temperature. C．More research is needed to study this phenomenon. D．The effect of hurricanes is weakened in inland areas. √ 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的“I think the effect is very real，but the question is how strong the effect is.We still have a long way to go.”可知，他的话表明了还需要做更多的研究工作来研究这一现象。 12．What's the author's purpose in writing the text? A．To inform readers of a new study. B．To prepare people for powerful hurricanes. C．To call for global action on climate change. D．To warn readers of the danger of global warming. √ 解析：写作意图题。根据第一段的“Hurricanes could be lasting longer after they make landfall, and spreading their damage farther inland, a new study suggests”以及第二段的“The study, published in the journal Nature, analyzed hurricanes that have struck North America from 1967 to 2018.”可知，本文主要介绍了一项新的研究。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Extreme heat can kill people, even though most of the deaths are preventable.It is reported that in the 24 years between 1979 and 2003 more people died in the United States of extreme heat than from hurricanes, lightning, tornadoes, floods and earthquakes. 13 The golden rules are to drink plenty of water, dress in cool clothes and stay in the shade if possible. 14 Often after many months without rain, a single spark is all that is necessary to create a big fire.Wildfires can move at great speed and will destroy everything in their path.They can quickly change direction, which makes it very difficult for someone on the ground to escape. 15 In 2010 such fires in Russia killed 62 people and destroyed about 23,000 square kilometers.A recent UN report suggests that the growing number of wildfires around the world may be contributing to global warming. 16 Climate change causes drought; drought causes wildfires; and wildfires cause further climate change. 17 This is probably due to a natural process, but it is reasonable to assume that this process is being speeded up by mankind's release into the atmosphere of large amounts of greenhouse gas. A．How can we survive it? B．Extreme heat can also bring wildfires. C．It is clear that the world is getting warmer. D．Very often you can see such a terrible circle! E．It is also reasonable to realize the man's effect on the world's weather. F．How can people predict extreme heat according to the climate change? G．Great damage can be caused in a short time if quick action is not taken. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了极端高温给人类带来的危害与损失。 13．选A　根据上下文可知，空处应是针对高温会杀死人这一现象提出该如何在高温中生存下来。故A项“我们该如何从中生存下来？”承上启下，符合语境。 14．选B　下文说明高温会引发野外森林大火。设空处位于段首，对下文具有引领作用，下文是对空处的解释阐述。故B项“极端高温也会引发野火”衔接下文，符合语境。 15．选G　下文说明野火造成的极大危害与损失，故G项“如果不迅速采取行动，可能在短时间内造成巨大损失”引出下文，符合语境。 16．选D　下文“气候变化导致干旱，干旱引发野火，野火引起进一步的气候变化”说明气候变化导致的恶性循环，故D项“你经常会看到一个如此糟糕的循环”衔接下文，符合语境。 17．选C　下文说明人类向大气中释放大量温室气体会加速全球变暖这一现象。设空处位于段首，具有概括段落的作用，故C项“很明显全球正在变暖”符合语境，且C项中的“getting warmer”对应下文的“greenhouse gas”。 $$