内容正文:
专题21 句子成分和基本句型(清单+专练)
目录
★知识点1 句子成分 2
★知识点2 基本句型 5
★知识点3 考点和考法 9
★专项过关训练题 11
★知识点1 句子成分
组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分,它可由单词、短语或句子充当。句子成分主要有主语、谓语、 宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语和同位语。 一个句子一般至少由主语和谓语组成。
句子成分
位置
作用
组成部分
示例
主语
陈述句,一般放在句首,有时在特殊句型中也可放在句末
句子中动作、行为、性质或者状态的主体,句子谈论的主题
由名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式(短语)等充当
Hope is what keeps us going in difficult times.
希望是在困难时期支撑我们前行的力量。
Nobody can help you except yourself.
只有你才能帮助你自己。
To become a teacher is my wish.
成为一名教师是我的心愿。
谓语
陈述句,一般放在主语之后
对主语动作、行为或状态进行陈述或说明
由具有动词性质的单词或短语充当,在人称和数上必须和主语保持一致
The boy is listening to English news.
这个男孩正在听英语新闻。
It takes time.
它需要时间。
宾语
一般放在及物动词或介词后面
表示动作、行为的对象
由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语等来充当
We study English.
我们学英语。
I have a volleyball.
我有一个排球。
表语
表语位于系动词之后
说明主语的身份、特征、性质或状态
由名词、数词、代词、形容词、副词、动词不定式(短语)、介词短语、分词、动名词和从句等充当
Environmental pollution from cars has become a big problem.
环境污染已经成了一个大问题。
It’s five dollars.
5美元。
Come to see me tomorrow when I am at work.
明天我上班的时候来见我。
My wish is to become a pianist.
我的愿望就是成为一名钢琴家。
定语
放在所修饰的词之前或之后
定语是修饰名词或代词的句子成分
由名词、名词所有格、形容词、数词、代词、动词不定式(短语)、分词、介词短语、副词和从句等来充当
I had a good time in the park.
我在公园里玩得很开心。
The teacher divided the students into four groups.
这个老师把这些学生分成了四组。
My brother goes to work by bus.
我哥哥乘公共汽车去上班。
状语
位置灵活:一般放在句末,也可以放在句首或句中
状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子,可以表示时间、地点、 原因、结果、条件、目的、方式等
由副词、副词短语、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)和从句等充当
She eats breakfast at six o’clock.
她在六点钟吃早餐。
She didn't work hard so that she failed in the exam.
她没有努力学习,所以她这次考试没及格。
宾语补
足语
一般置于宾语后
宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等,与宾语一起构成复合宾语。
可作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词和副词等。
We must keep the classroom clean every day.
我们必须每天保持教室干净。
My mother asked me to wash the clothes.
我妈妈让我去洗衣服。
同位语
同位语一般谓语被说明的词之后
对于句子中某一成分做进一步说明、解释,与其所修饰、限定、说明的名词或代词在语法上处在同等地位
由名词、代词、数词或从句等来充当
We Chinese are proud of our history.
我们中国人为我们的历史感到自豪。
We two will go to see you.
我们两个人将去看你。
独立
成分
一般位于句首。称呼语作独立成分,可位于句首、句中或句尾
与句子没有语法关系,独立于句子之外
包括感叹词、称呼语、插入语
Hi,everyone!Allow me to introduce myself, please.
嗨,大家好!请允许我介绍一下我自己。
Hurry up,friends,or we’ll be late.
快点,朋友们,否则我们会迟到的。
助记口诀:
句子成分巧划分
主在前,谓在中间,宾语、状语后面赶。短语定语主宾后,形、代作定主宾前。间宾、直宾紧相依,to/for来把直间连。宾补位于宾语后,地状常在时状前。
易错警示:
谓语有人称、数、 时态和语态的变化
谓语动词在人称和数上须和主语保持一致。例如:
Jim likes reading and she has read lots of books and magazines.
吉姆的表妹喜欢读书,她已经读了很多书和杂志。
知识拓展:
一、常见的系动词
1.be动词:am、is、are、was、were
2.感官动词:look、smell、taste、sound、feel
3 .表变化的词:become、get、 grow、turn、go、fall等
4.表状态的词:keep、stay、seem、 remain等
二、常用的可以接双宾语的及物动词
give、show、pass、send、tell、 bring、teach、lend、buy、make等可以接两个宾语,即“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”,等同于“动词+直接宾语+to/for+间接宾语”,例如:
I have bought you this bike.=I have bought the book for you. 我给你买了这辆自行车。
三、多个状语的排列顺序
1.陈述句和一般疑问句中,地点状语在前,时间状语在后;特殊疑问句中对时间和地点同时提问时,则用when and where,例如:
He arrived in Wuhan last night.他昨天晚上到达武汉。
Ana will arrive at Jiangbei Airport the day after tomorrow。安娜娜后天到达江北机场。
2.时间或地点状语遵循“由小到大”的顺序排列。
时间状语:
I will meet you in 2025, in July, on the 15th, on Wednesday, at 8 pm.
我将在2025年,7月,15日,周三,晚上8点与你见面。
地点状语:
She lived in a small village in the north.
她住在北方的一个小村庄里。
★知识点2 基本句型
一、简单句
只含有一个主谓结构并且句子各成分都只由单词或短语构成的独立句子或分句叫作简单句。简单句的基本句型如下:
句型结构
用法
例句
主+谓
(S+V)
该句型中,谓语动词为不及物动词,能表达完整的意思。不及物动词后不能直接跟宾语,有时表示动作发生的频率、程度、时间、地点等,可接状语进行修饰
The bus is coming.
公共汽车来了。
主+谓+宾
(S+V+O)
该句型中,谓语动词为及物动词,须跟宾语(动作的承受者),句子意义才能表达完整
Tom bought a new book.
汤姆买了本新书。
主+系+表 (S+V+P)
该句型中,谓语动词为连系动词,不能表达完整的意思。连系动词后可直接跟名词、代词或形容词作表语
I feel tired.
我感觉累了。
主+谓+间宾+直宾
(S+Vt+IO+DO)
该句型中,谓语动词需要跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思,俗称双宾语。常见的跟双宾语的动词有buy、pass、lend、give、teach、show、bring、offer等
Miss White teaches us English.
White小姐教我们英语。
主+谓+宾+宾补
(S+Vt+O+OC)
该句型共有两种作用:①说明宾语的特点、身份等;②过感官知道宾语做了某事或让宾 语去完成某个动作
I take my sister to practice basketball.
我带着我的妹妹去练习篮球。
There+be+主语
(+地点/时间状语)
该句型为存现句,表示“某地或某时有某人或某物”。there在此结构中没有实际意义,句中的be 动词和后面所跟的名词在“数”方面保持一致。
There is a boy beside the tree.
树旁边有一个男孩。
二、存现句
1.存现句的句式
句式
结构
例句
肯定句
There be+主语(+地点/时间状语).
There is a big park across from the supermarket.
在超市对面有一个大公园。
否定句
There be+not/no+主语(+地点/时间状语).
There isn't any meat in the fridge.
冰箱里没有肉了。
一般疑问句
Be+there+主语(+点/时间状语)?
—Are there many people here on vacation? 这儿有很多人在度假吗?
—Yes,there are.是的,有。/—No,there aren't.不,没有。
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词+主语+be+there(+地点/时间状语)?
How many students are there in the class?
班上有多少名学生?
There is a new computer on the desk.
桌子上有一台新的电脑。
口诀助记:
there be有特点,主语放在be后面。就近原则是重点,单数is复数are。变否定很简单,be后要把not添。变疑问也不难,把be提到there前。肯定句中用some,否定句、疑问句用any。
2.存现句的时态(由连系动词be体现)
时态
句型
例句
一般现在时
There is/are...
I believe that there are many ways to show our love.
我相信有很多方式来表达我们的爱。
一般过去时
There was/were...
There was heavy rain outside yesterday.
昨天外面下大雨。
一般将来时
There will be.../ There is/are going to be...
There will be a play show on Saturday.
周六将有一场话剧表演。
现在完成时
There have/has been...
Scientists think that there has been life on the earth for hundreds
of millions of years.
科学家们认为地球上已有生命存在数亿年了。
含情态动词
There+情态动词+be...
There may be some new clothes on sale in the shop now.
现在商店可能有一些新衣服在特价出售。
3. 存现句(there be句型)的用法
(1)遵循就近原则
如果存现句(there be句型)中有一个主语时 ,be动词必须和主语在人称和单复数上保持一致,即“主谓一致”。例如:
There are some apples in the fridge.
冰箱里有些苹果。
There are some flowers in the bottle.
瓶子里有一些花。
There is some milk in the bottle.
瓶子里有一些牛奶。
There is much ice on the river.
河上有很多冰。
(2)如果存现句(there be句型)中有两个及以上并列主语时 ,be动词要和最靠近她的主语在人称和单复数上保持一致,即“就近原则”。例如:
There is a teacher's desk and forty students' desks in the classroom.
教室里有一张讲桌和40张学生的课桌。
There is a zoo and some parks in our city.
在我们的城市里有一个动物园和一些公园。
(3)there be+sb.+doing sth.(+地点/时间状语).表示“某地/某时又某人在做某事”。例如:
There is a girl reading in the classroom.
教室里有一个女孩正在看书。
(4)there be句型的常用句型:
①there is/was no use(in)doing sth.表示“做某事没有用”。
②there is/was no need(for sb.)to do sth.表示“(对某人来说)做某事没必要”。
③there is/was no doubt that...表示“毫无疑问……”。
易混警示:
存现句there be与 have的用法区别:
(1)there be表示“某地有某物/某人”,句型强调位置关系、存在,不强调这个物品归谁所有。例如:
There is a new lab at the school. 学校里有一个新实验室。
There is a ruler on the desk.桌子上有一把尺子。
(2)have表示“某人/某物拥有某物”,主语是人/物,强调所属关系。例如:
I have a new bike.我有一辆新自行车。
I have a notebook.我有一个笔记本。
知识拓展:
中考英语中的句子结构分为:简单句、存现句、并列复合句、主从复合句。下面介绍并列复合句和主从复合句:
一、并列复合句
用并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成的句子叫作并列复合句,其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。并列复合句中的各简单句意义同等重要,相互之间没有从属关系,是平行的关系,它们之间用并列连词连接。
关系
常见连词
例句
并列
and;both..and...;
not only...but also...;
neither...nor...
They fight a lot,and I really don't like it.
他们经常吵架,并且我真的不喜欢这样。
转折
but;while;yet
He is old but he is in good health.
他虽然年纪大了,但是身体很好。
选择
or;either...or...;not...but...
Either you'll succeed,or you'll learn from your failure.
要么你将成功,要么你将从你的失败中吸取经验。
因果
so;for
The shops were closed, so I didn't get the clothes.
商店都关门了,所以我没买到衣服。
The days were short, for it was now December.
白天很短,因为现在是十二月。
易错警示:
1.并列复合句有时可不用并列连接词连接,而用隔开(前后句之间的关系须相当紧密)。
Grandpa fished all day by the lake, did not catch a single fish.
爷爷在湖边钓了一整天鱼,但一条鱼都没有钓到。
2.并列连词后面的简单句如果与前面的简单句有相同的部分,则相同的部分常可省略。
Lisa lives in her own world and (Lisa) finds the real life is very boring.
丽萨生活在自己的世界里,觉得现实生活很无趣。
二、主从复合句
主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。从句只用作句子的一个次要成分,不能独立成为一个句子。根据从句在句子中的作用,可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。
(1)宾语从句
在主从复合句中充当宾语的从句叫作宾语从句。
He wanted to know when we would have the English party.
他想知道我们什么时候举办英语聚会。
(2)定语从句
修饰名词、代词或整个句子,由关系词引导且在主从复合句中通常充当定语的从句叫作定语从句,通常放在被修饰词之后。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的词叫关系词,关系词可分为关系代词(that、which、who、whom、whose)和关系副词(when、where、why)。初中阶段学生能辨认出由关系代词that、which、who引导的限制性定语从句,理解句意即可。
A doctor is a person who looks after people's health.
医生是负责照管人们的健康状况的人。
(3)状语从句
在主从复合句中用作状语,起副词作用的从句叫作状语从句。状语从句由从属连词引导,根据其用途可分为时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、地点状语从句等。
When I stopped my car,a dog came up to me.
当我停下车时,一只狗向我走来。
Put it where we can see it.
把它放在我们能看得见的地方。
★知识点3 考点和考法
考点1 简单句的基本句型
考查题型 单项选择
The sentence pattern of “She gave me a present yesterday.” is ________.
A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+P
【答案】C
【解析】句意:“She gave me a present yesterday.”这个句子结构是主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语。考查句子结构。S+V主+谓;S+V+O主+谓+宾;S+V+IO+DO主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语;S+语;me间接宾语;a present直接宾语。故选C。
步骤一:熟悉句子结构的简单句型,观察句子,判断谓语动词是及物动词还是不及物动词,不及物动词不能直接跟宾语,及物动词需要跟宾语。
步骤二:观察句子中的宾语是否为双宾语;判断句中是否有宾补,宾补是补充说明宾语特点和身份。根据简单句句型的各种形式,选出正确答案。
考点2 there be句型的时态和数
考查题型1 单项选择
—There ________ a science festival next month in our school.
—Really? I believe we can see some interesting robot shows.
A.is going to have B.is going to be C.are going to be D.will have
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——下个月我们学校将举办科学节。——真的吗?我相信我们能看到一些有趣的机器人表演。考查there be句型的一般将来时。is going to have将要有;is going to be将会是;are going to be将会是;will have将会有。根据month"可知应为一般将来时;根据"There.a science festival next month in our school."可知应为there be句型,表示“某地存在据空后"a science festival"为名词单数,谓语动词也应为单数;因此此处there be句型的一般将来时应为"there is going to be"。
步骤一:根据标志词和语境判断时态,排除错误时态选项。
步骤二:根据主语及“就近原则”选择正确的数。
考查题型2 单句填空、语篇填空
There ________ (be) a little milk in the bottle.
【答案】is
【解析】句意:瓶子里有一点牛奶。考查there be句型,milk“牛奶”是不可数名词,因此be动词用is。故填is。
★专项过关训练题
题型一 单项选择
一、句子成分
(一)主语
1.(24-25九年级上·四川内江·期末)The Chongyang Festival is a day to respect the elders.
A.宾语 B.谓语 C.定语 D.主语
2.(2024·四川内江·二模)It’s difficult for me to finish the work in a week.
A.宾语 B.表语 C.状语 D.主语
3.(2024·四川内江·一模)What to do next hasn’t been decided yet.
A.主语 B.表语 C.宾语 D.宾语补足语
4.(2024·四川内江·三模)There isn’t much traffic on the roads in the morning.
A.主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.定语
5.(2023·四川内江·一模)There is no one singing in the classroom.
A.表语 B.主语 C.宾语 D.状语
(二)谓语
1.(2024·四川内江·二模)Students aren’t allowed to eat in the classroom.
A.谓语 B.状语 C.直宾 D.宾补
2.(2024·四川内江·一模)Chris promised that he wouldn’t be late for the party.
A.表语 B.谓语 C.状语 D.宾语
3.(2024·甘肃平凉·一模)Which part is the VERB of the following sentence “I often ride my bike to school. ”?
A.“I” B.“often” C.“ride” D.“my”
4.(23-24九年级上·黑龙江绥化·期末)We all know that practice ________ perfect.
A.to make B.makes C.making
5.The UN_________colorful activities on April 20 to celebrate Chinese Language Day.
A.held B.missed C.kept
(三)表语
1.(2024·四川内江·二模)The girl with long hair is tall and beautiful.
A.谓语 B.状语 C.表语 D.宾语
2.(2024·四川内江·一模)Chinese medicine is becoming more and more popular in the world.
A.主语 B.表语 C.定语 D.状语
3.(2024·四川内江·三模)Spring Restaurant is open every day except Monday.
A.定语 B.补语 C.状语 D.表语
4.The song from Teens in Times sounds really _______. I like it very much.
A.beautifully B.well C.wonderful D.excited
5.Which part is the ADJECTIVE (形容词) of the following sentence “This made me feel worried. ”?
A.“This” B.“made” C.“feel” D.“worried”
(四)宾语
1.(2024·四川内江·二模)I found my English book yesterday.
A.宾语 B.表语 C.主语 D.定语
2.(2024·四川内江·二模)Mary dislikes wearing her school uniform at school.
A.宾语 B.表语 C.定语 D.主语
3.(2024·四川内江·一模)The boy regretted missing the wonderful football match.
A.宾语 B.定语 C.谓语 D.表语
4.(2024·四川内江·三模)I hope people can read my book and enjoy it.
A.主语 B.宾语 C.谓语 D.定语
5.This volleyball must belong to ________.
A.his B.she C.Kevin D.Carla’s
(五)宾语补足语
1.(2024·四川内江·一模)Sad movies make me want to cry.
A.宾语补足语 B.间接宾语 C.直接宾语 D.表语
2.(2023·四川内江·一模)The boy often drives his parents angry.
A.宾语补足语 B.表语 C.主语 D.定语
3.(2022·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·一模)When Tom was young, he didn’t like his lessons. His teacher thought ________. In fact, he read a lot of books with the help of his parents.
A.he a bad boy B.him a bad boy C.him was a bad
4. Jack's mother taught me how ________ Yunnan rice noodles last weekend.
A.to make B.making C.make D.to making
5.Ben found his neighborhood in a mess after the rainstorm.
A.状语 B.宾语补足语 C.定语 D.宾语
6.While I was walking along the river, I saw some fish out of the water.
A.are jumping B.jumping C.jumped D.to jump
(六)定语
1.(2024·四川内江·一模)He’s got used to listening to music that is interesting when he feels nervous.
A.宾语 B.表语 C.定语 D.主语
2.(2024·四川内江·一模)The electronic products made in Japan are very popular with young people .
A.谓语 B.定语 C.状语 D.主语
3.(2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模)—Have you heard of Liam Garner, a 19-year-old boy?
—Yes. He finished a ________ bike trip from Alaska to Argentina.
A.32,000-kilometers B.32,000 kilometers C.32,000-kilometer
4.(23-24九年级上·四川内江·期末)The gift which my mom sent to me has made me excited.
A.宾语 B.谓语 C.定语 D.主语
5.(23-24八年级下·四川内江·期末)Lucy’s father is an engineer.
A.主语 B.状语 C.定语 D.谓语
(七)状语
1.(24-25九年级上·四川内江·期末)You can learn Chinese by reading Chinese classics.
A.定语 B.状语 C.表语 D.主语
2.(2024·四川内江·二模)Tom was doing his homework carefully.
A.谓语 B.状语 C.主语 D.宾语
(八)形容词作表语、状语
1.(2024·河北衡水·三模)He looked ________ at me and said, “You really look ________ in such a dress.”
A.friendly, cool B.coldly, bad C.cold, badly D.coldly, badly
2.(2024·四川内江·一模)It’s dangerous for people to use the mobile phones while crossing the street.
A.宾语 B.表语 C.定语 D.状语
3.(2024·四川内江·一模)Jessica often volunteers in the community when she is free.
A.定语 B.表语 C.宾语 D.状语
二、基本句型
(一)主+谓
1.(2024·甘肃酒泉·二模)The sentence structure of “She is walking along the lake.” is ________.
A.S+V+O B.S+V C.S+V+DO+OC D.S+V+P
2.(22-23八年级上·江苏扬州·期末)—What’s the structure of the sentence “It was snowing heavily at this time yesterday”?
—It is ________.
A.S+V B.S+V+P C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+IO+OC
3.(2022·甘肃酒泉·模拟预测)The sentence structure of “The children are playing on the playground” is ________.
A.S+V B.S+V+P C.S+V+DO+OC D.S+V+IO+DO
4.(2022·甘肃定西·模拟预测)The sentence pattern of “His mother is cooking now.” is ________.
A.S+V+P B.S+V+O C.S+V+O+OC D.S+V
5.What’s the sentence structure of “The book sells well”?
A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+P D.S+V+IO+DO
(二)主+系+表
1.(2024·江苏宿迁·三模)What is the sentence pattern of “The dish smells terrible”?
A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+P D.S+V+O+OC
2.(2024·江苏南京·一模)Which of the following sentences has the same structure as “Running is a good way to exercise.”?
A.People who run will have a healthier heart.
B.Running gives you a chance to enjoy views.
C.You can hear the wind blowing while running.
D.Starting an exercising habit sounds wonderful.
3.(2024·四川内江·一模)The food in Sichuan tastes delicious.
A.宾语 B.表语 C.定语 D.状语
4.(2023·甘肃武威·模拟预测)What is the sentence pattern of “The little boy looks so smart.” ?
A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+O+OC D.S+V+P
5.(2022·甘肃武威·三模)Which of the following is RIGHT?
A.Your picture is very nice. B.The little girl is crying so sad.
C.We can ask people not eat shark fin soup. D.I join the Hiking Club two months ago.
(三)主+谓+宾
1.The structure of the sentence “The students visited the museum” is _______.
A.S+V B.S+V+DO
C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+DO+OC
2.(24-25九年级上·甘肃武威·期末)Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “People have sweet memories of summer days.”?
A.All the birds fly far away.
B.Farmers are busy working in the fields.
C.Warm and sunny days make people very happy.
D.People enjoy the cool wind on summer afternoons.
“People have sweet memories of summer days.”是主谓宾结构,与选项D结构相同。故选D。
3.(23-24九年级上·甘肃定西·期末)The sentence pattern of “I really love English.” is ________.
A.S+V B.S+V+P C.S+V+O D.S+V+IO+DO
(四)主+谓+宾+宾
1.(23-24九年级上·四川内江·期末)Tom bought his grandparents a beautiful house.
A.主语 B.定语 C.间接宾语 D.直接宾语
2.(2024·四川内江·三模)Can you give me some suggestions?
A.直接宾语 B.间接宾语 C.形式主语 D.真正主语
3.(2024·甘肃武威·三模)The sentence pattern of “She gave me a present yesterday.” is ________.
A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+P
(五)主+谓+宾+宾补
1.(24-25九年级上·山东聊城·开学考试)Which of the following is the same as “I saw him reading a book.” in structure (结构)?
A.You have a very nice sister. B.He likes playing the piano.
C.They are good at math. D.We call her Ms Liu.
2.(23-24八年级上·江苏无锡·期末)Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “Snow makes children feel excited.”?
A.The ground becomes white.
B.Children make a snowman together.
C.Snow brings children lots of fun.
D.You can see children play happily.
3.(23-24九年级上·甘肃天水·期末)Which is the sentences pattern of “We should keep our school clean and tidy.”?
A.S+V+O B.S+V+1O+DO C.S+V D.S+V+O+OC
4. 4.(23-24八年级上·江苏盐城·期末)The sentence structure (结构) of “Eddie is watching Hobo work.” is ________.
A.S+V+DO B.S+V+P C.S+V+DO+OC D.S+V+IO+DO
5.(22-23八年级上·江苏宿迁·期末)—Mary, could you tell me the structure of the sentence “The good news made me happy.”?
—OK. It’s ________.
A.S+V+P B.S+V+DO+IO C.S+V+DO D.S+V+DO+OC
(六)存现句/There be 句型
1.(2024·四川内江·一模)There is a post office across from the park.
A.表语 B.主语 C.宾语 D.定语
2.(2024·陕西西安·三模)There ________ a number of sports events in our school next month. We can’t wait ________ them.
A.will have; to see B.will be; to see C.will have; seeing D.will be; seeing
3.(2024·海南省直辖县级单位·一模)There ________ more students in our school next term.
A.will have B.is going to have C.will be
4.There ______ some old houses near my school last year.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
5.Could you tell me how many colours ________ in a rainbow?
A.are there B.there are C.they are D.are they
题型二 单句填空
一、句子成分
(一)主语
1.W breaks the school rules will be punished.
2.W _______ breaks the school rules will be punished.
(二)谓语
1.(2025·上海黄浦·一模)My parents me to stay calm in stressful situations and to think before acting. (advice)
2.(24-25九年级上·山东泰安·期末)The new house c him much money so he started doing part-time work.
3.(2023·江苏无锡·二模)It’s reported that a deep breath often (help) when you feel stressed.
(三)宾语
I don’t know to (谁) I should write when I have problems.
(四)宾语补足语
The boys all think it (tire) to have a basketball match right now.
(五)宾语补足语
1.(2023·新疆乌鲁木齐·模拟预测)Let’s r money for those homeless children.
2. Could you please give me a h ?
3. Could you leave me in (安静)? You know, I’ve got lots of work to do.
4.(23-24八年级下·黑龙江佳木斯·期中)Uncle Tom watched sea waves (rise) and falling all day long in silence.
5.The boys all think it (tire) to have a basketball match right now.
(六)定语
1.(2022·江苏连云港·三模)—Dad, must we wait until the light becomes green?
—Yes, I’m afraid we have to. That’s the (交通) rule.
2.My father is going to take a flight to Beijing on business. (直达的)
(七)状语
1.(2024·江苏无锡·一模)Friends are really important. No one can live (complete) without others.
2.(23-24九年级上·上海杨浦·期末)During the tourist season, the people in the hotel were from other countries. (main)
二、基本句型
(—)主+系+表
(2023·江苏苏州·二模)The students w afraid to see snakes any more after they went to the museum.
(二)存现句/There be 句型
1.There is a student c between the library and the gym.
2.There (be) a sports meeting next Friday.
3.There (be) a little milk in the bottle.
4. a bird in the tree five minutes ago. (用there be的适当形式填空)
5. 15 members in the chess club last year. (用there be的适当形式填空)
6.There (be) a pen and two pencils on the table.
7.—How many floors in your apartment?
—There are seven.
8. some milk in the glass. (用There be的适当形式填空)
9.If there (be) fewer trees, there ( may be) more pollution.
10. There ________ (be) a number of workers in the hall yesterday.
题型三 语篇填空
(2023山西中考真题节选)There 2. not any tests to measure how kind you are to your friends, or how much you love to draw. The people who mark (评分) the tests don't know how helpful you are to your Mom and Dad, or how caring you are when playing with/against others in the playground. They don't know how bravely you share your weekend stories with your friends, or your performance in sports, music and art. Besides, these tests will not measure how much you have improved on something or how much you love a certain subject. There is no test for these things!
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专题21 句子成分和基本句型(清单+专练)
目录
★知识点1 句子成分 2
★知识点2 基本句型 5
★知识点3 考点和考法 9
★专项过关训练题 11
★知识点1 句子成分
组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分,它可由单词、短语或句子充当。句子成分主要有主语、谓语、 宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语和同位语。 一个句子一般至少由主语和谓语组成。
句子成分
位置
作用
组成部分
示例
主语
陈述句,一般放在句首,有时在特殊句型中也可放在句末
句子中动作、行为、性质或者状态的主体,句子谈论的主题
由名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式(短语)等充当
Hope is what keeps us going in difficult times.
希望是在困难时期支撑我们前行的力量。
Nobody can help you except yourself.
只有你才能帮助你自己。
To become a teacher is my wish.
成为一名教师是我的心愿。
谓语
陈述句,一般放在主语之后
对主语动作、行为或状态进行陈述或说明
由具有动词性质的单词或短语充当,在人称和数上必须和主语保持一致
The boy is listening to English news.
这个男孩正在听英语新闻。
It takes time.
它需要时间。
宾语
一般放在及物动词或介词后面
表示动作、行为的对象
由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语等来充当
We study English.
我们学英语。
I have a volleyball.
我有一个排球。
表语
表语为于系动词之后
说明主语的身份、特征、性质或状态
由名词、数词、代词、形容词、副词、动词不定式(短语)、介词短语、分词、动名词和从句等充当
Environmental pollution from cars has become a big problem.
环境污染已经成了一个大问题。
It’s five dollars.
5美元。
Come to see me tomorrow when I am at work.
明天我上班的时候来见我。
My wish is to become a pianist.
我的愿望就是成为一名钢琴家。
定语
放在所修饰的词之前或之后
定语是修饰名词或代词的句子成分
由名词、名词所有格、形容词、数词、代词、动词不定式(短语)、分词、介词短语、副词和从句等来充当
I had a good time in the park.
我在公园里玩得很开心。
The teacher divided the students into four groups.
这个老师把这些学生分成了四组。
My brother goes to work by bus.
我哥哥乘公共汽车去上班。
状语
位置灵活:一般放在句末,也可以放在句首或句中
状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子,可以表示时间、地点、 原因、结果、条件、目的、方式等
由副词、副词短语、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)和从句等充当
She eats breakfast at six o’clock.
她在六点钟吃早餐。
She didn't work hard so that she failed in the exam.
她没有努力学习,所以她这次考试没及格。
宾语补
足语
一般置于宾语后
宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等,与宾语一起构成复合宾语。
可作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词和副词等。
We must keep the classroom clean every day. 我们必须每天保持教室干净。
My mother asked me to wash the clothes.
我妈妈让我去洗衣服。
同位语
同位语一般谓语被说明的词之后
对于句子中某一成分做进一步说明、解释,与其所修饰、限定、说明的名词或代词在语法上处在同等地位
由名词、代词、数词或从句等来充当
We Chinese are proud of our history.
我们中国人为我们的历史感到自豪。
We two will go to see you.
我们两个人将去看你。
独立
成分
一般位于句首。称呼语作独立成分,可位于句首、句中或句尾
与句子没有语法关系,独立于句子之外
包括感叹词、称呼语、插入语
Hi,everyone!Allow me to introduce myself, please.
嗨,大家好!请允许我介绍一下我自己。
Hurry up,friends,or we’ll be late.
快点,朋友们,否则我们会迟到的。
助记口诀:
句子成分巧划分
主在前,谓在中间, 宾语、状语后面赶。短语定语主宾后,形、代作定主宾前。间宾、直宾紧相依,to/for来把直间连。宾补位于宾语后,地状常在时状前。
易错警示:
谓语有人称、数、 时态和语态的变化
谓语动词在人称和数上须和主语保持一致。例如:
Jim likes reading and she has read lots of books and magazines.
吉姆的表妹喜欢读书,她已经读了很多书和杂志。
知识拓展:
一、常见的系动词
1.be动词:am、is、are、was、were
2.感官动词:look、smell、taste、sound、feel
3 .表变化的词:become、get、 grow、turn、go、fall等
4.表状态的词:keep、stay、seem、 remain等
二、常用的可以接双宾语的及物动词
give、show、pass、send、tell、 bring、teach、lend、buy、make等可以接两个宾语,即“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”,等同于“动词+直接宾语+to/for+间接宾语”,例如:
I have bought you this bike.=I have bought the book for you. 我给你买了这辆自行车。
三、多个状语的排列顺序
1.陈述句和一般疑问句中,地点状语在前,时间状语在后;特殊疑问句中对时间和地点同时提问时,则用when and where,例如:
He arrived in Wuhan last night.他昨天晚上到达武汉。
Ana will arrive at Jiangbei Airport the day after tomorrow。安娜娜后天到达江北机场。
2.时间或地点状语遵循“由小到大”的顺序排列。
时间状语:
I will meet you in 2025, in July, on the 15th, on Wednesday, at 8 pm.
我将在2025年,7月,15日,周三,晚上8点与你见面。
地点状语:
She lived in a small village in the north.
她住在北方的一个小村庄里。
★知识点2 基本句型
一、简单句
只含有一个主谓结构并且句子各成分都只由单词或短语构成的独立句子或分句叫作简单句。简单句的基本句型如下:
句型结构
用法
例句
主+谓
(S+V)
该句型中,谓语动词为不及物动词,能表达完整的意思。不及物动词后不能直接跟宾语,有时表示动作发生的频率、程度、时间、地点等,可接状语进行修饰
The bus is coming.
公共汽车来了。
主+谓+宾
(S+V+O)
该句型中,谓语动词为及物动词,须跟宾语(动作的承受者),句子意义才能表达完整
Tom bought a new book.
汤姆买了本新书。
主+系+表 (S+V+P)
该句型中,谓语动词为连系动词,不能表达完整的意思。连系动词后可直接跟名词、代词或形容词作表语
I feel tired.
我感觉累了。
主+谓+间宾+直宾
(S+Vt+IO+DO)
该句型中,谓语动词需要跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思,俗称双宾语。常见的跟双宾 语的动词有buy、pass、lend、give、teach、show、bring、offer等
Miss White teaches us English.
White小姐教我们英语。
主+谓+宾+宾补
(S+Vt+O+OC)
该句型共有两种作用:①说明宾语的特点、身份等;②过感官知道宾语做了某事或让宾 语去完成某个动作
I take my sister to practice basketball.
我带着我的妹妹去练习篮球。
There+be+主语
(+地点/时间状语)
该句型为存现句,表示“某地或某时有某人或某物”。there在此结构中没有实际意义,句中的be 动词和后面所跟的名词在“数”方面保持一致。
There is a boy beside the tree.
树旁边有一个男孩。
二、存现句
1.存现句的句式
句式
结构
例句
肯定句
There be+主语(+地点/时间状语).
There is a big park across from the supermarket.
在超市对面有一个大公园。
否定句
There be+not/no+主语(+地点/时间状语).
There isn't any meat in the fridge.
冰箱里没有肉了。
一般疑问句
Be+there+主语(+点/时间状语)?
—Are there many people here on vacation? 这儿有很多人在度假吗?
—Yes,there are.是的,有。/—No,there aren't.不,没有。
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词+主语+be+there(+地点/时间状语)?
How many students are there in the class?
班上有多少名学生?
There is a new computer on the desk.
桌子上有一台新的电脑。
口诀助记:
there be有特点,主语放在be后面。就近原则是重点,单数is复数are。变否定很简单,be后要把not添。变疑问也不难,把be提到there前。肯定句中用some,否定句、疑问句用any。
2.存现句的时态(由连系动词be体现)
时态
句型
例句
一般现在时
There is/are...
I believe that there are many ways to show our love.
我相信有很多方式来表达我们的爱。
一般过去时
There was/were...
There was heavy rain outside yesterday.
昨天外面下大雨。
一般将来时
There will be.../ There is/are going to be...
There will be a concert on Saturday.
周六将有一场音乐会。
现在完成时
There have/has been...
Scientists think that there has been life on the earth for hundreds
of millions of years.
科学家们认为地球上已有生命存在数亿年了。
含情态动词
There+情态动词+be...
There may be some new clothes on sale in the shop now.
现在商店可能有一些新衣服在特价出售。
3. 存现句(there be句型)的用法
(1)遵循就近原则
如果存现句(there be句型)中有一个主语时 ,be动词必须和主语在人称和单复数上保持一致,即“主谓一致”。例如:
There are some apples in the fridge.
冰箱里有些苹果。
There are some flowers in the bottle.
瓶子里有一些花。
There is some milk in the bottle.
瓶子里有一些牛奶。
There is much ice on the river.
河上有很多冰。
(2)如果存现句(there be句型)中有两个及以上并列主语时 ,be动词要和最靠近她的主语在人称和单复数上保持一致,即“就近原则”。例如:
There is a teacher's desk and forty students' desks in the classroom.
教室里有一张讲桌和40张学生的课桌。
There is a zoo and some parks in our city.
在我们的城市里有一个动物园和一些公园。
(3)there be+sb.+doing sth.(+地点/时间状语).表示“某地/某时又某人在做某事”。例如:
There is a girl reading in the classroom.
教室里有一个女孩正在看书。
(4)there be句型的常用句型:
①there is/was no use(in)doing sth.表示“做某事没有用”。
②there is/was no need(for sb.)to do sth.表示“(对某人来说)做某事没必要”。
③there is/was no doubt that...表示“毫无疑问……”。
易混警示:
存现句there be与 have的用法区别:
(1)there be表示“某地有某物/某人”,句型强调位置关系、存在,不强调这个物品归谁所有。例如:
There is a new lab at the school. 学校里有一个新实验室。
There is a ruler on the desk.桌子上有一把尺子。
(2)have表示“某人/某物拥有某物”,主语是人/物,强调所属关系。例如:
I have a new bike.我有一辆新自行车。
I have a notebook.我有一个笔记本。
知识拓展:
中考英语中的句子结构分为:简单句、存现句、并列复合句、主从复合句。下面介绍并列复合句和主从复合句:
一、并列复合句
用并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成的句子叫作并列复合句,其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。并列复合句中的各简单句意义同等重要,相互之间没有从属关系,是平行的关系,它们之间用并列连词连接。
关系
常见连词
例句
并列
and;both..and...;
not only...but also...;
neither...nor...
They fight a lot,and I really don't like it.
他们经常吵架,并且我真的不喜欢这样。
转折
but;while;yet
He is old but he is in good health.
他虽然年纪大了,但是身体很好。
选择
or;either...or...;not...but...
Either you'll succeed,or you'll learn from your failure.
要么你将成功,要么你将从你的失败中吸取经验。
因果
so;for
The shops were closed, so I didn't get the clothes.
商店都关门了,所以我没买到衣服。
The days were short, for it was now December.
白天很短,因为现在是十二月。
易错警示:
1.并列复合句有时可不用并列连接词连接,而用隔开(前后句之间的关系须相当紧密)。
Grandpa fished all day by the lake, did not catch a single fish.
爷爷在湖边钓了一整天鱼,但一条鱼都没有钓到。
2.并列连词后面的简单句如果与前面的简单句有相同的部分,则相同的部分常可省略。
Lisa lives in her own world and (Lisa) finds the real life is very boring.
丽萨生活在自己的世界里,觉得现实生活很无趣。
二、主从复合句
主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。从句只用作句子的一个次要成分,不能独立成为一个句子。根据从句在句子中的作用,可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。
(1)宾语从句
在主从复合句中充当宾语的从句叫作宾语从句。
He wanted to know when we would have the English party.
他想知道我们什么时候举办英语聚会。
(2)定语从句
修饰名词、代词或整个句子,由关系词引导且在主从复合句中通常充当定语的从句叫作定语从句,通常放在被修饰词之后。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的词叫关系词,关系词可分为关系代词(that、which、who、whom、whose)和关系副词(when、where、why)。初中阶段学生能辨认出由关系代词that、which、who引导的限制性定语从句,理解句意即可。
A doctor is a person who looks after people's health.
医生是负责照管人们的健康状况的人。
(3)状语从句
在主从复合句中用作状语,起副词作用的从句叫作状语从句。状语从句由从属连词引导,根据其用途可分为时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、地点状语从句等。
When I stopped my car,a dog came up to me.
当我停下车时,一只狗向我走来。
Put it where we can see it.
把它放在我们能看得见的地方。
★知识点3 考点和考法
考点1 简单句的基本句型
考查题型 单项选择
The sentence pattern of “She gave me a present yesterday.” is ________.
A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+P
【答案】C
【解析】句意:“She gave me a present yesterday.”这个句子结构是主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语。考查句子结构。S+V主+谓;S+V+O主+谓+宾;S+V+IO+DO主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语;S+语;me间接宾语;a present直接宾语。故选C。
步骤一:熟悉句子结构的简单句型,观察句子,判断谓语动词是及物动词还是不及物动词,不及物动词不能直接跟宾语,及物动词需要跟宾语。
步骤二:观察句子中的宾语是否为双宾语;判断句中是否有宾补,宾补是补充说明宾语特点和身份。
根据简单句句型的各种形式,选出正确答案。
考点2 there be句型的时态和数
考查题型1 单项选择
—There ________ a science festival next month in our school.
—Really? I believe we can see some interesting robot shows.
A.is going to have B.is going to be C.are going to be D.will have
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——下个月我们学校将举办科学节。——真的吗?我相信我们能看到一些有趣的机器人表演。考查there be句型的一般将来时。is going to have将要有;is going to be将会是;are going to be将会是;will have将会有。根据month"可知应为一般将来时;根据"There.a science festival next month in our school."可知应为there be句型,表示“某地存在据空后"a science festival"为名词单数,谓语动词也应为单数;因此此处there be句型的一般将来时应为"there is going to be"。
步骤一:根据标志词和语境判断时态,排除错误时态选项。
步骤二:根据主语及“就近原则”选择正确的数。
考查题型2 单句填空、语篇填空
There ________ (be) a little milk in the bottle.
【答案】is
【解析】句意:瓶子里有一点牛奶。考查there be句型,milk“牛奶”是不可数名词,因此be动词用is。故填is。
★专项过关训练题
题型一 单项选择
一、句子成分
(一)主语
1.(24-25九年级上·四川内江·期末)The Chongyang Festival is a day to respect the elders.
A.宾语 B.谓语 C.定语 D.主语
【答案】D
【解析】句意:重阳节是敬老的日子。考查句子成分。The Chongyang Festival作主语;is是系动词;a day to respect the elders作表语,故选D。
2.(2024·四川内江·二模)It’s difficult for me to finish the work in a week.
A.宾语 B.表语 C.状语 D.主语
【答案】D
【解析】句意:对我来说,在一周内完成这项工作是困难的。考查动词不定式作主语。固定句式:It’s+形容词+for sb to do sth表示“对某人来说,做某事是……的”,动词不定式作真正的主语,故选D。
3.(2024·四川内江·一模)What to do next hasn’t been decided yet.
A.主语 B.表语 C.宾语 D.宾语补足语
【答案】A
【解析】句意:下一步做什么还没有决定。考查句子成分。根据“hasn’t been decided”可知,是句子谓语动词,因此“What to do next”作主语,故选A。
4.(2024·四川内江·三模)There isn’t much traffic on the roads in the morning.
A.主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.定语
【答案】A
【解析】句意:早上路上交通不多。考查句子成分。分析句子可知,此处是there be结构,much traffic作主语。故选A。
5.(2023·四川内江·一模)There is no one singing in the classroom.
A.表语 B.主语 C.宾语 D.状语
【答案】B
【解析】句意:教室里没有人唱歌。考查句子结构。“there be...”句型是存在句的常用基本结构,there在句中处于主语位置,起形式主语的作用,真正的主语是随后的名词词组“no one”。故选B。
(二)谓语
1.(2024·四川内江·二模)Students aren’t allowed to eat in the classroom.
A.谓语 B.状语 C.直宾 D.宾补
【答案】A
【解析】句意:学生们不允许在教室里吃东西。考查句子成分。分析句子结构可知,Students是主语,aren’t allowed是谓语。故选A。
2.(2024·四川内江·一模)Chris promised that he wouldn’t be late for the party.
A.表语 B.谓语 C.状语 D.宾语
【答案】B
【解析】句意:克里斯保证他参加聚会不会迟到。考查句子成分。分析句子结构可知,是一个主从复合句;Chris是主句主语;promised是主句谓语,故选B。
3.(2024·甘肃平凉·一模)Which part is the VERB of the following sentence “I often ride my bike to school. ”?
A.“I” B.“often” C.“ride” D.“my”
【答案】C
【解析】句意:句子“我经常骑自行车去上学。”中的动词是?考查句子结构。I是主语,often是频率副词,ride是动词作谓语,my是形容词性物主代词,故选C。
4.(23-24九年级上·黑龙江绥化·期末)We all know that practice ________ perfect.
A.to make B.makes C.making
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我们都知道熟能生巧。考查一般现在时。句子是宾语从句,从句陈述的是事实,因此时态是一般现在时;再根据“practice ... perfect”可知,从句缺少谓语动词,主语“practice”为不可数名词,动词用三单。故选B。
5.The UN_________colorful activities on April 20 to celebrate Chinese Language Day.
A.held B.missed C.kept
【答案】A
【解析】句意:4月20日,联合国举办了丰富多彩的汉语日活动。考查动词辨析。A. held举行/进行;B. missed错过/想念;C. kept保持。Chinese Language Day汉语日,根据to celebrate Chinese Language Day可知hold符合句意,故选A。
(三)表语
1.(2024·四川内江·二模)The girl with long hair is tall and beautiful.
A.谓语 B.状语 C.表语 D.宾语
【答案】C
【解析】句意:长头发的女孩又高又漂亮。考查句子成分。分析句子可知,主语是The girl,is是系动词;tall and beautiful是形容词作表语。故选C。
2.(2024·四川内江·一模)Chinese medicine is becoming more and more popular in the world.
A.主语 B.表语 C.定语 D.状语
【答案】B
【解析】句意:中医在世界上越来越受欢迎。考查句子成分。根据“is becoming”可知,become是系动词,因此“more and more popular”是表语,故选B。
3.(2024·四川内江·三模)Spring Restaurant is open every day except Monday.
A.定语 B.补语 C.状语 D.表语
【答案】D
【解析】句意:春天餐厅除星期一外每天都营业。考查句子成分。分析句子可知,Spring Restaurant是主语;is是系动词,open是表语。故选D。
4.The song from Teens in Times sounds really _______. I like it very much.
A.beautifully B.well C.wonderful D.excited
【答案】C
【解析】句意:《少年时代》里的这首歌听起来真的很棒。我非常喜欢它。考查形容词用法。beautifully漂亮地,副词;well好的,副词;wonderful极好的,棒的,形容词;excited兴奋的,形容词,一般形容人。根据空前sounds可知,此处应该用形容词作表语,排除选项A和B;根据句子主语是“The song”可知,此处用形容词wonderful。故选C。
5.Which part is the ADJECTIVE(形容词) of the following sentence “This made me feel worried. ”?
A.“This” B.“made” C.“feel” D.“worried”
【答案】D
【解析】句意:句子“This made me feel worried.”中的形容词是哪个?考查句子成分。分析句子结构,This作主语,made作谓语,me作宾语,feel worried作宾语补足语,worried为形容词,作feel的表语。故选D。
(四)宾语
1.(2024·四川内江·二模)I found my English book yesterday.
A.宾语 B.表语 C.主语 D.定语
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我昨天找到了我的英语书。考查句子成分。分析句子可知,I为主语,found为谓语,my English book为宾语;yesterday是时间状语。故选A。
2.(2024·四川内江·二模)Mary dislikes wearing her school uniform at school.
A.宾语 B.表语 C.定语 D.主语
【答案】A
【解析】句意:玛丽不喜欢在学校穿校服。考查句子成分。分析句子可知,Mary作主语,dislikes是及物动词,作谓语,其后接动名词作宾语,所以划线部分“wearing her school uniform”作宾语。故选A。
3.(2024·四川内江·一模)The boy regretted missing the wonderful football match.
A.宾语 B.定语 C.谓语 D.表语
【答案】A
【解析】句意:这个男孩后悔错过了那场精彩的足球赛。考查句子成分。分析句子可知,The boy作主语,regretted作谓语,missing the wonderful football match作宾语。故选A。
4.(2024·四川内江·三模)I hope people can read my book and enjoy it.
A.主语 B.宾语 C.谓语 D.定语
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我希望人们能读我的书并喜欢它。考查句子成分。分析句子可知,划线部分是宾语从句,作hope的宾语。故选B。
5.This volleyball must belong to ________.
A.his B.she C.Kevin D.Carla’s
【答案】C
【解析】句意:这个排球一定是属于凯文的。考查名词和代词。his他的或他的(东西),形容词性物主代词或名词性物主代词;she她,主格;Kevin凯文;Carla’s卡拉的。句子“belong to”意为“属于”,后跟人称代词宾格或名词作宾语。故选C。
(五)宾语补足语
1.(2024·四川内江·一模)Sad movies make me want to cry.
A.宾语补足语 B.间接宾语 C.直接宾语 D.表语
【答案】A
【解析】句意:悲伤的电影让我想哭。考查句子成分。Sad movies“悲伤的电影”作主语;make“使”作谓语;me“我”,为宾格,作宾语;want to cry“想哭”作宾语补足语。本句属于:主+谓+宾+宾补结构。故选A。
2.(2023·四川内江·一模)The boy often drives his parents angry.
A.宾语补足语 B.表语 C.主语 D.定语
【答案】A
【解析】句意:这个男孩经常让他的父母生气。考查句子成分。根据分析句子“The boy often drives his parents angry.”可知,该句句子结构为“主+谓+宾+宾补”,The boy作主语;drives作谓语;his parents作宾语;angry作宾语补足语。故选A。
3.(2022·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·一模)When Tom was young, he didn’t like his lessons. His teacher thought ________. In fact, he read a lot of books with the help of his parents.
A.he a bad boy B.him a bad boy C.him was a bad
【答案】B
【解析】句意:汤姆小的时候,他不喜欢他的课。他的老师认为他是个坏孩子。事实上,他在父母的帮助下读了很多书。考查宾格和宾语补足语。根据“His teacher thought”可知,空格处作宾语,用宾格“him”,结合选项可知,此处用think sb. sth.,其中“a bad boy”作宾语补足语。故选B。
4. Jack's mother taught me how ________ Yunnan rice noodles last weekend.
A.to make B.making C.make D.to making
【答案】A
【解析】句意:上周末杰克的妈妈教我怎么做云南米粉。how+ 动词不定式构成“动词不定式短语”。故选A。
5.Ben found his neighborhood in a mess after the rainstorm.
A.状语 B.宾语补足语 C.定语 D.宾语
【答案】B
【解析】句意:暴雨过后,本发现他的社区乱七八糟。Ben作主语;found作谓语;his neighborhood作宾语;in a mess“一团糟”作宾语补足语。故选B。
6.While I was walking along the river, I saw some fish________out of the water.
A.are jumping B.jumping C.jumped D.to jump
【答案】B
【解析】句意:当我沿着河边走的时候,我看到一些鱼从水里跳出来。考查非谓语动词。are jumping现在进行时;jumping动名词,现在分词;jumped过去式;to jump动词不定式;see sb. do 看见某人做某事,强调看到整个过程;see sb. doing 看见某人正在做某事;根据“While I was walking along the river”可知当我沿着河边走的时候,此处是正在做什么,所以用doing,故选B。
(六)定语
1.(2024·四川内江·一模)He’s got used to listening to music that is interesting when he feels nervous.
A.宾语 B.表语 C.定语 D.主语
【答案】C
【解析】句意:他已经习惯了在他感到紧张时听有趣的音乐。考查句子成分。分析句子可知,划线部分是定语从句,修饰名词music。故选C。
2.(2024·四川内江·一模)The electronic products made in Japan are very popular with young people .
A.谓语 B.定语 C.状语 D.主语
【答案】B
【解析】句意:日本制造的电子产品很受年轻人的欢迎。考查句子成分。分析句子成分可知,划线处“made in Japan” 在句中作后置定语修饰“The electronic products”。故选B。
3.(2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模)—Have you heard of Liam Garner, a 19-year-old boy?
—Yes. He finished a ________ bike trip from Alaska to Argentina.
A.32,000-kilometers B.32,000 kilometers C.32,000-kilometer
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——你听说过19岁的男孩利亚姆·加纳吗?——听过。他完成了从阿拉斯加到阿根廷的一个32000公里的自行车之旅。考查定语用法。根据“He finished a ... bike trip...”可知,空处缺定语修饰名词词组bike trip,数字+连字符+名词单数,相当于一个形容词,可以作定语,故32,000-kilometer符合。故选C。
4.(23-24九年级上·四川内江·期末)The gift which my mom sent to me has made me excited.
A.宾语 B.谓语 C.定语 D.主语
【答案】C
【解析】句意:妈妈送给我的礼物让我很兴奋。考查句子成分。分析句子可知,The gift是主语,has made是谓语,me是宾语,excited是宾补,which my mom sent to me的定语从句,修饰主语。故选C。
5.(23-24八年级下·四川内江·期末)Lucy’s father is an engineer.
A.主语 B.状语 C.定语 D.谓语
【答案】C
【解析】句意:露西的父亲是一名工程师。考查句子成分。分析句子结构可知,划线部分为名词的’s所有格形式,作定语,修饰“father”。故选C。
(七)状语
1.(24-25九年级上·四川内江·期末)You can learn Chinese by reading Chinese classics.
A.定语 B.状语 C.表语 D.主语
【答案】B
【解析】句意:你可以通过阅读中国古典文学来学习中文。考查句子成分。by reading Chinese classics表示学习中文的方式,作状语,用来修饰动词learn,说明学习中文的具体方法。故选B。
2.(2024·四川内江·二模)Tom was doing his homework carefully.
A.谓语 B.状语 C.主语 D.宾语
【答案】B
【解析】句意:汤姆正在认真地做作业。考查句子成分。分析句子结构可知,Tom作主语,was doing作谓语,his homework作宾语,carefully修饰动词doing,表示动作的方式,作状语。故选B。
(八)形容词作表语、状语
1.(2024·河北衡水·三模)He looked ________ at me and said, “You really look ________ in such a dress.”
A.friendly, cool B.coldly, bad C.cold, badly D.coldly, badly
【答案】B
【解析】句意:他冷冷地看着我说:“你穿这样的衣服真难看。”考查词义辨析。friendly友好的;cool酷的;coldly冷冷地;bad不好的;cold寒冷的;badly非常。分析句子结构可知,第一个空用副词形式,作状语,coldly符合;第二个空用形容词形式,作表语,bad符合。故选B。
2.(2024·四川内江·一模)It’s dangerous for people to use the mobile phones while crossing the street.
A.宾语 B.表语 C.定语 D.状语
【答案】D
【解析】句意:人们过马路时玩手机是很危险的。
考查句子成分。根据“while crossing the street”可知,此处是while引导的时间状语,故选D。
3.(2024·四川内江·一模)Jessica often volunteers in the community when she is free.
A.定语 B.表语 C.宾语 D.状语
【答案】D
【解析】句意:杰西卡有空的时候经常在社区做志愿者。考查句子成分。分析句子可知,Jessica作主语;often是频度副词作状语;volunteers作谓语;in the community是介词短语作地点状语;when she is free.是状语从句。故选D。
二、基本句型
(一)主+谓
1.(2024·甘肃酒泉·二模)The sentence structure of “She is walking along the lake.” is ________.
A.S+V+O B.S+V C.S+V+DO+OC D.S+V+P
【答案】B
【解析】句意:“She is walking along the lake.”的句子结构是S+V。考查句子结构。S+V+O(主+谓+宾);S+V(主+谓);S+V+IO+DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾);S+V+P(主+系+表)。“She is walking along the lake.”本句为现在进行时,主语She;句中is在这个句子中不叫系动词,叫助动词,和walking在一起构成进行时,所以谓语为is walking,所以本句属于主谓句子结构。故选B。
2.(22-23八年级上·江苏扬州·期末)—What’s the structure of the sentence “It was snowing heavily at this time yesterday”?
—It is ________.
A.S+V B.S+V+P C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+IO+OC
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——“昨天这个时候下着大雪”这句话的结构是什么?——是主谓结构。考查句子结构。分析句子可知,it作主语;was snowing作谓语;heavily为副词,作状语;at this time yesterday为时间状语。故句子的结构是主谓结构。故选A。
3.(2022·甘肃酒泉·模拟预测)The sentence structure of “The children are playing on the playground” is ________.
A.S+V B.S+V+P C.S+V+DO+OC D.S+V+IO+DO
【答案】A
【解析】句意:“孩子们在操场上玩”的句子结构是S+V。考查句子结构。The children作主语,are playing作谓语,on the playground作地点状语。所以本句的句子结构是S+V“主+谓”。故选A。
4.(2022·甘肃定西·模拟预测)The sentence pattern of “His mother is cooking now.” is ________.
A.S+V+P B.S+V+O C.S+V+O+OC D.S+V
【答案】D
【解析】句意:“他的妈妈正在做饭。”的句型是S+V。S+V+P主系表;S+V+O主谓宾;S+V+O+OC主谓宾宾补;S+V主谓。“his mother”是主语,即S;“is cooking”是谓语,即V,所以句型是S+V。故选D。
5.What’s the sentence structure of “The book sells well”?
A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+P D.S+V+IO+DO
【答案】A
【解析】句意:“The book sells well”的句子结构是什么?考查句子结构。分析句子可知,“The book”是主语,“sells”是不及物动词作谓语,“well”作状语。故选A。
(二)主+系+表
1.(2024·江苏宿迁·三模)What is the sentence pattern of “The dish smells terrible”?
A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+P D.S+V+O+OC
【答案】C
【解析】句意:“这道菜闻起来很糟糕”的句型是什么?考查基本句型。S+V主谓;S+V+O主谓宾;S+V+P主系表;S+V+O+OC主谓宾宾补。“The dish”作主语;“smells”是系动词;“terrible”是形容词,作表语。故选C。
2.(2024·江苏南京·一模)Which of the following sentences has the same structure as “Running is a good way to exercise.”?
A.People who run will have a healthier heart.
B.Running gives you a chance to enjoy views.
C.You can hear the wind blowing while running.
D.Starting an exercising habit sounds wonderful.
【答案】D
【解析】句意:下列哪个句子与“Running is a good way to exercise.”结构相同?考查基本句式。People who run will have a healthier heart.主+谓+宾;Running gives you a chance to enjoy views.主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语;You can hear the wind blowing while running.主+谓+宾+宾补;Starting an exercising habit sounds wonderful.主+系+表。“Running is a good way to exercise.”也是主系表结构。故选D。
3.(2024·四川内江·一模)The food in Sichuan tastes delicious.
A.宾语 B.表语 C.定语 D.状语
【答案】B
【解析】句意:四川的食物尝起来很美味。考查句子成分。The food in Sichuan“四川的食物”作主语,tastes“尝起来”为感官动词;delicious“美味的”,在句中作表语。本句属于:主+系+表结构。故选B。
4.(2023·甘肃武威·模拟预测)What is the sentence pattern of “The little boy looks so smart.” ?
A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+O+OC D.S+V+P
【答案】D
【解析】句意:“这个小男孩看起来很聪明”的句型是什么?考查句型结构。The little boy主语;looks系动词;smart表语,所以本句为主系表结构,即S+V+P。故选D。
5.(2022·甘肃武威·三模)Which of the following is RIGHT?
A.Your picture is very nice. B.The little girl is crying so sad.
C.We can ask people not eat shark fin soup. D.I join the Hiking Club two months ago.
【答案】A
【解析】句意:以下哪项是正确的?考查判断正误。A项是主系表结构,正确;B项sad是形容词,不能修饰动词;C项ask后接动词不定式作宾语补足语;D项是过去时间,用一般过去时。故选A。
(三)主+谓+宾
1.The structure of the sentence “The students visited the museum” is _______.
A.S+V B.S+V+DO
C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+DO+OC
【答案】B
【解析】句意:The students visited the museum.这个句子的结构是什么?考查句子结构。分析句子可知,the students是主语;visited是谓语;the museum是宾语。故选B。
2.(24-25九年级上·甘肃武威·期末)Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “People have sweet memories of summer days.”?
A.All the birds fly far away.
B.Farmers are busy working in the fields.
C.Warm and sunny days make people very happy.
D.People enjoy the cool wind on summer afternoons.
【答案】D
【解析】句意:下面哪一句和“People have sweet memories of summer days.”有相同的句子结构?考查句子结构。All the birds fly far away.主谓结构;Farmers are busy working in the fields.主系表结构;Warm and sunny days make people very happy.主谓宾+宾补结构;People enjoy the cool wind on summer afternoons.主谓宾结构。“People have sweet memories of summer days.”是主谓宾结构,与选项D结构相同。故选D。
3.(23-24九年级上·甘肃定西·期末)The sentence pattern of “I really love English.” is ________.
A.S+V B.S+V+P C.S+V+O D.S+V+IO+DO
【答案】C
【解析】句意:“我真的很喜欢英语”的句型是“主语+谓语+宾语”。考查句子成分。S+V主语+谓语;S+V+P主语+系动词+表语;S+V+O主语+谓语+宾语;S+V+IO+DO主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语。I作主语;really是副词作状语;love作谓语;English作宾语,所以句子是主谓宾结构。故选C。
(四)主+谓+宾+宾
1.(23-24九年级上·四川内江·期末)Tom bought his grandparents a beautiful house.
A.主语 B.定语 C.间接宾语 D.直接宾语
【答案】D
【解析】句意:Tom给他的祖父母买了一座漂亮的房子。考查句子成分。buy sb. sth.表示“给某人买某物”,其中sb.为间接宾语,sth.为直接宾语;本句中his grandparents为间接宾语,a beautiful house为直接宾语。故选D。
2.(2024·四川内江·三模)Can you give me some suggestions?
A.直接宾语 B.间接宾语 C.形式主语 D.真正主语
【答案】A
【解析】句意:你能给我一些建议吗?考查句子成分。分析句子可知,you作主语;give作谓语;me作间接宾语;some suggestions作直接宾语。故选A。
3.(2024·甘肃武威·三模)The sentence pattern of “She gave me a present yesterday.” is ________.
A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+P
【答案】C
【解析】句意:“She gave me a present yesterday.”这个句子结构是主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语。考查句子结构。S+V主+谓;S+V+O主+谓+宾;S+V+IO+DO主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语;S+V+P主+系动词+表语。She主语;gave谓语;me间接宾语;a present直接宾语。故选C。
(五)主+谓+宾+宾补
1.(24-25九年级上·山东聊城·开学考试)Which of the following is the same as “I saw him reading a book.” in structure (结构)?
A.You have a very nice sister. B.He likes playing the piano.
C.They are good at math. D.We call her Ms Liu.
【答案】D
【解析】句意:下列哪一项与句子“I saw him reading a book.”结构相同?考查句子结构。You have a very nice sister.是主谓宾结构;He likes playing the piano.是主谓宾结构;They are good at math.是主系表结构;We call her Ms Liu.中“Ms Liu”作宾语her的补足语,是主谓宾宾补结构。I saw him reading a book.中“reading a book”作宾语him的补足语,也是主谓宾宾补结构。故选D。
2.(23-24八年级上·江苏无锡·期末)Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “Snow makes children feel excited.”?
A.The ground becomes white.
B.Children make a snowman together.
C.Snow brings children lots of fun.
D.You can see children play happily.
【答案】D
【解析】句意:下面哪个句子和“雪使孩子感到激动”有一样的句子结构?考查句子结构。选项A是系表结构;选项B是动宾结构;选项C是双宾语结构;选项D是宾语和宾语补足语结构。所给句子“Snow makes children feel excited”是宾语和宾语补足语结构,其中snow是主语;谓语动词是makes;children是宾语;feel excited是宾语补足语。故选D。
3.(23-24九年级上·甘肃天水·期末)Which is the sentences pattern of “We should keep our school clean and tidy.”?
A.S+V+O B.S+V+1O+DO C.S+V D.S+V+O+OC
【答案】D
【解析】句意:“我们应该保持学校干净整洁”的句式是哪一种?考查基本句型。分析句子可知,we作主语,should keep作谓语;our school作宾语;clean and tidy为宾语补足语。故句子的结构为:主+谓+宾+宾补。故选D。
4.(23-24八年级上·江苏盐城·期末)The sentence structure (结构) of “Eddie is watching Hobo work.” is ________.
A.S+V+DO B.S+V+P C.S+V+DO+OC D.S+V+IO+DO
【答案】C
【解析】句意:“Eddie is watching Hobo work.”的句子结构是S+V+DO+OC。考查句子结构。分析句子可知,Eddie是主语,is watching是谓语,Hobo是宾语,work是宾语补足语。故选C。
5.(22-23八年级上·江苏宿迁·期末)—Mary, could you tell me the structure of the sentence “The good news made me happy.”?
—OK. It’s ________.
A.S+V+P B.S+V+DO+IO C.S+V+DO D.S+V+DO+OC
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——玛丽,你能告诉我“The good news made me happy.”这句话的结构吗?——好的。它是主语+谓语+直接宾语+宾语补足语。考查句子结构。The good news是主语;made是谓语;me是宾语;happy是宾补。故选D。
(六)存现句/There be 句型
1.(2024·四川内江·一模)There is a post office across from the park.
A.表语 B.主语 C.宾语 D.定语
【答案】B
【解析】句意:公园对面有一个邮局。考查句子成分。There be句型的主语是名词或名词性短语,a post office“一个邮局”为名词性短语,故在句中作主语。故选B。
2.(2024·陕西西安·三模)There ________ a number of sports events in our school next month. We can’t wait ________ them.
A.will have; to see B.will be; to see C.will have; seeing D.will be; seeing
【答案】B
【解析】句意:下个月我们学校将有多项体育赛事。我们等不及要去看。考查there be句型的一般将来时用法及不定式用法。根据“next month”可知,第一句时态为一般将来时,there be句型的一般将来时结构:there will be或there is/are going to be,故排除A和C。固定搭配can’t wait to do sth.表示“迫不及待地要做某事”,故第二个空填to see。故选B。
3.(2024·海南省直辖县级单位·一模)There ________ more students in our school next term.
A.will have B.is going to have C.will be
【答案】C
【解析】句意:下学期我们学校将会有更多学生。考查there be句型。从时间状语“next term”可知,时态要用一般将来时,但三个选项均是此时态,there be句型当中不能出现have一词,直接排除选项A和B。故选C。
4.There ______ some old houses near my school last year.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
【答案】D
【解析】句意:去年在我学校附近有一些老房子。考查there be句型和时态辨析。根据时间状语“last year”可知,句子时态为一般过去时;主语“some old houses”是复数形式,因此be动词用复数形式were。故选D。
5.Could you tell me how many colours ________ in a rainbow?
A.are there B.there are C.they are D.are they
【答案】B
【解析】句意:你能告诉我彩虹有多少种颜色吗?考查宾语从句。根据“Could you tell me how many colours …in a rainbow?”可知,该句为宾语从句,从句应用陈述句语序,排除AD;此处应用there be句型,表示“有……”。故选B。
题型二 单句填空
一、句子成分
(一)主语
1.W breaks the school rules will be punished.
【答案】(W)hoever
【解析】句意:任何违反校规的人都要受到惩罚。本句是主语从句,引导词做从句主语,同时起强调作用,需用疑问词+ever,“任何人”whoever。故填(W)hoever。
2.W _______ breaks the school rules will be punished.
【答案】(W)hoever
【解析】句意:任何违反校规的人都要受到惩罚。本句是主语从句,引导词做从句主语,同时起强调作用,需用疑问词+ever,“任何人”whoever。故填(W)hoever。
(二)谓语
1.(2025·上海黄浦·一模)My parents me to stay calm in stressful situations and to think before acting. (advice)
【答案】advise
【解析】句意:我的父母建议我在紧张的情况下保持冷静,在行动之前要好好思考。根据句意和提示词可知,空处缺少动词,本句时态是一般现在时,主语my parents,动词用原形,advice名词,建议;此处应用其动词“advise”。故填advise。
2.(24-25九年级上·山东泰安·期末)The new house c him much money so he started doing part-time work.
【答案】(c)ost
【解析】句意:这个新房子花了他很多钱,所以他开始做兼职。根据“him much money”结合首字母提示可知,此处为cost“花费”,结合“started”可知,时态为一般过去时,因此要用cost的过去式cost。故填(c)ost。
3.(2023·江苏无锡·二模)It’s reported that a deep breath often (help) when you feel stressed.
【答案】helps
【解析】句意:据报道,当你感到有压力时,深呼吸通常会有所帮助。分析题干,主句为一般现在时,从句一般保持原有时态。在表语从句“a deep breath often…”中,根据主谓一致原则,此处help为不及物动词,作谓语,主语是“a deep breath”,谓语动词应用三人称单数形式helps。故填helps。
(三)宾语
I don’t know to (谁) I should write when I have problems.
【答案】whom
【解析】句意:当我遇到问题时我不知道应该给谁写信。 “谁”可以用 “who”和 “whom”表示,who通常作主语或表语,to为介词,后接宾语。故填whom。
(四)宾语补足语
1.(2023·新疆乌鲁木齐·模拟预测)Let’s r money for those homeless children.
【答案】(r)aise
【解析】句意:让我们为那些无家可归的孩子筹款吧。根据“money for those homeless children.”和首字母可知,此处是指筹集钱。raise“筹集”,动词。let sb do sth“让某人做某事”,动词用原形,故填(r)aise。
2. Could you please give me a h ?
【答案】hand
【解析】句意:你可以帮我一下吗?give sb. a hand给予某人帮助,固定短语,且符合语境,故填hand。
3. Could you leave me in (安静)? You know, I’ve got lots of work to do.
【答案】peace
【解析】句意:你能让我安静吗?你知道,我有很多工作要做。peace是名词,意为“安静”,in peace介词短语作宾语补足语。故填peace。
4.(23-24八年级下·黑龙江佳木斯·期中)Uncle Tom watched sea waves (rise) and falling all day long in silence.
【答案】rising
【解析】句意:汤姆叔叔一整天都安静地看着海浪起起伏伏。分析句子结构可知空格处与后面的falling并列作watch的宾语补足语,rise应与falling保持一致,用doing形式,故填rising。
5.The boys all think it (tire) to have a basketball match right now.
【答案】tiring
【解析】句意:男孩们都认为现在举行一场篮球比赛是累人的。该句结构为think it+形容词+to do,意为“认为做某事是怎么样的”,且该形容词修饰举行篮球比赛,用tiring“累人的”。故填tiring。
(六)定语
1.(2022·江苏连云港·三模)—Dad, must we wait until the light becomes green?
—Yes, I’m afraid we have to. That’s the (交通) rule.
【答案】traffic
【解析】句意:——爸爸,我们必须等到绿灯亮吗?——是的,我恐怕我们必须这么做。这是交通规则。traffic“交通”,作定语修饰名词“rule”,组成名词词组traffic rule“交通规则”。故填traffic。
2.My father is going to take a flight to Beijing on business. (直达的)
【答案】direct
【解析】句意:我父亲打算乘直飞北京的航班出差。根据“flight”可知,此空需要一个形容词作定语,修饰名词,结合中文提示,direct符合句意。故填direct。
(七)状语
1.(2024·江苏无锡·一模)Friends are really important. No one can live (complete) without others.
【答案】completely
【解析】句意:朋友真的很重要。没有人可以完全没有别人而生活。分析句子结构可知,此处应用所给词的副词形式,作状语。故填completely。
2.(23-24九年级上·上海杨浦·期末)During the tourist season, the people in the hotel were from other countries. (main)
【答案】mainly
【解析】句意:在旅游旺季,旅馆里的人主要来自其他国家。分析句子结构可知,此句结构完整,此空应填副词mainly表示“主要”,故填mainly。
二、基本句型
(—)主+系+表
(2023·江苏苏州·二模)The students w afraid to see snakes any more after they went to the museum.
【答案】(w)eren’t
【解析】句意:学生们去博物馆后不再害怕看到蛇。根据首字母及空格后的“afraid”可知,考查短语be afraid“害怕”;根据从句时态可知主句用一般过去时,主语为“students”,名词复数,be动词用were,根据“any more”可知,考查not...any more“再也不”,were not=weren’t。故填(w)eren’t。
(二)存现句/There be 句型
1.There is a student c between the library and the gym.
【答案】(c)enter/(c)entre
【解析】句意:图书馆和体育馆之间有一个学生中心。根据首字母提示以及“student...between the library and the gym”可知图书馆和体育馆之间是“学生中心”,中心的英语为“center/centre”;分析句子结构,该句为there be句型,空前有不定冠词“a”,应填名词单数,作主语。故填(c)enter/(c)entre。
2.There (be) a sports meeting next Friday.
【答案】will be/is going to be
【解析】句意:下周五将有一场运动会。根据时间状语“next Friday”可知,本句使用there be句型的一般将来时态,其结构为There will be...或There be going to be,主语a sports meeting为单数,be动词用is,故填will be/is going to be。
3.There (be) a little milk in the bottle.
【答案】is
【解析】句意:瓶子里有一点牛奶。考查there be句型,milk“牛奶”是不可数名词,因此be动词用is。故填is。
4. a bird in the tree five minutes ago. (用there be的适当形式填空)
【答案】There was
【解析】句意:五分钟前树上有一只鸟。There be句型表示“有”,其结构是“There be+主语+地点状语+时间状语”,be动词的形式应遵循就近原则。根据“…a bird in the tree five minutes ago.”可知,句子时态为一般过去时,主语“a bird”,名词单数作主语,be动词应为“was”,空处位于句首,首字母应大写。故填There was。
5. 15 members in the chess club last year. (用there be的适当形式填空)
【答案】There were
【解析】句意:去年象棋俱乐部有15名成员。There be句型表示“有”,其结构是“There be+主语+地点状语+时间状语”,be动词的形式应遵循就近原则。根据“…15 members in the chess club last year.”可知,句子时态为一般过去时,主语“15 members”,名词复数作主语,be动词应为“were”,位于句首,首字母应大写。故填There were。
6.There (be) a pen and two pencils on the table.
【答案】is
【解析】句意:桌子上有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。此题考查there be句型的就近原则,是指谓语动词的形式要与靠近它的主语保持一致。因此这题要与主语a pen保持一致,a pen“一支钢笔”是单数作主语,因此be动词用is。故填is。
7.—How many floors in your apartment?
—There are seven.
【答案】 are there
【解析】句意:——你的公寓里有多少层?——7层。根据答句“There are seven.”可知,此处考查“there be结构”,用于表示在某地有某物。floors是复数形式,系动词需用are,特殊疑问句是“特殊疑问词+一般疑问句”,因此应使用are there。故填are;there。
8. some milk in the glass. (用There be的适当形式填空)
【答案】There is
【解析】句意:玻璃杯里有一些牛奶。There be句型表示“某地有某物”,be动词的形式要根据后面的主语来确定。本句中主语是some milk,milk是不可数名词,视为单数,所以be动词用is。故填There is。
9.If there (be) fewer trees, there ( may be) more pollution.
【答案】 are may be
【解析】句意:如果树木更少,就可能会有更多污染。if引导的条件状语从句,主句含情态动词,从句用一般现在时。从句there be句型的主语为trees,是复数,be动词用are;主句情态动词may后接be动词原形。故填are;may be。
10. There ________ (be) a number of workers in the hall yesterday.
【答案】were
【解析】句意:昨天大厅里有许多工人。根据句中的“There...a number of workers"和“yesterday”可知,该句为there be句型的一般过去时,主语是“a number of workers”,所以be动词用were。故填were。
题型三 语篇填空
(2023山西中考真题节选)There 1. not any tests to measure how kind you are to your friends, or how much you love to draw. The people who mark (评分) the tests don't know how helpful you are to your Mom and Dad, or how caring you are when playing with/against others in the playground. They don't know how bravely you share your weekend stories with your friends, or your performance in sports, music and art. Besides, these tests will not measure how much you have improved on something or how much you love a certain subject. There is no test for these things!
【答案】are
【解析】句意:没有任何测试可以衡量你对朋友有多好,或者你有多喜欢画画。此处是there be句型,时态是一般现在时,主语是复数,故填are。
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