内容正文:
人教版初中英语
语法专项
七年级下册
Unit1 Animal Friends
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人教版7下(单元) 语法点
Unit 1 Animal Friends *特殊疑问词 why, what 和 where *可数名词单复数
Unit 2 No Rules, No Order! *情态动词 can *祈使句
Unit 3 Keep Fit *频率副词 *物主代词
Unit 4 Eat Well *选择疑问句 *名词的单复数
Unit 5 Here and now *现在进行时1
Unit 6 Rain or Shine *现在进行时2 *现在进行时VS 一般现在时
Unit 7 A day to remember *一般过去时
Unit8 Once upon a time *一般现在时VS一般过去时
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CONTENTS
01
02
可数名词
的单复数
why, what 和where 的用法
why, what 和where 的用法
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why
含义:why 意为“为什么”,是一个疑问副词,用于引导特殊疑问句来询问原因。
Why don't we go to the park this Sunday?
我们这个周日为什么不去公园呢?
Why does your sister like that blue dress?
你妹妹为什么喜欢那件蓝色的连衣裙?
Why can't you finish your homework on time?
你为什么不能按时完成作业?
Why do they play basketball every afternoon?
他们为什么每天下午都打篮球?
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why
用法:
(1)在一般现在时的特殊疑问句中,如果句子的谓语动词
是实义动词,主语是第三人称单数,那么 why 后面的
助动 词就用 does,否则用 do,句中的谓语动词均用原形。
Why does he go to the hospital? 他为什么去医院?
Because he is ill.因为他病了。
(2) Why 还可以用于向别人提出建议,句型为“Why don't you+动词原形+其他?”或“Why not+动词原形+其他?”,意 为“为什么不……呢?”。
Why don't you go out for a walk?
你为什么不出去散散步呢?
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what
what 意为“什么”,疑问代词,用于引导特殊疑问句来询问事物、行为或职业等。
What is your favorite subject at school?
你在学校最喜欢的科目是什么?
What do you usually have for breakfast?
你早餐通常吃什么?
What can you see in the picture?
你在这幅画里能看到什么?
What do you want to be when you grow up?
你长大后想成为什么?
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what
用法:
(1)对主语提问:
What is in your pocket? 你口袋里有什么?
(2)对宾语提问:
What did you buy? 你买了什么?
(3)询问职业:
What is your mother? 你妈妈是干什么的?
注意,What is +人?此句型是问人的职业,一般译为“是 干什么的?”。
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where
含义:where 意为“哪里”,疑问副词,用于引导特殊疑问句来询问地点或位置。
Where is the library in our school?
我们学校的图书馆在哪里?
Where do you often go shopping with your mom?
你经常和妈妈去哪里购物?
Where are my new shoes? I can't find them.
我的新鞋子在哪里?我找不到它们了。
Where will we have the picnic this weekend?
这个周末我们将在哪里野餐?
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where
用法:
询问地点:
Where is the library in our school? 图书馆在哪儿?
询问活动发生地点:
Where do you often go shopping with your mom? 你经常和你妈妈去哪儿购物?
询问物品放置地点:
Where did you put my storybook? 你把我的故事书放哪儿?
询问动作的目的地:
Where are the birds flying to? 鸟儿们正往哪里飞?
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特殊疑问句不能用yes或no回答,需要给出具体的答案。 基本遵循“疑问词+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语+谓语+其他成分”的规则。
TIPS
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可数名词单复数
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可数名词的定义
可数名词是指可以数清数量的名词,它们有单数和复数两种形式。当指一个人或一件事物时,用单数形式;当指两个或多个人或事物时,用复数形式。
可数名词单数变复数的规则变化
直接在名词末尾加s
pen - pens /penz/ 读音: [z]
desk - desks /desks/读音: [S]
map - maps /mæps/读音: [S]
key - keys /kiːz/读音: [z]
boy - boys /bɔɪz/读音: [z]
day - days /deɪz/读音: [z]
2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾的加es
box-boxes 读音: [ɪz]
brush-brushes 读音: [ɪz]
match-matches 读音: [ɪz]
bus-buses 读音: [ɪz]
fox-foxes 读音: [ɪz]
watch-watches 读音: [ɪz]
3.以y结尾,前为辅音字母,要变y为i+es
baby - babies /ˈbeɪbiz/读音: [ɪz]
lady - ladies /ˈleɪdiz/ 读音: [ɪz]
story - stories /ˈstɔːriz/读音: [ɪz]
factory - factories /ˈfæktriz/读音: [ɪz]
secretary /ˈsekrətriz/读音: [ɪz]
city - cities /ˈsɪtiz/ 读音: [ɪz]
country - countries /ˈkʌntriz/读音: [ɪz]
前为元音字母时,直接加s
boy-boys
monkey-monkeys
toy-toys play-plays
读音: [z]
4.以o结尾的名词,有些词尾-s,有些加-es。 读音: [z]
词尾直接加 -s
piano - pianos /piˈænəʊz/
photo - photos /ˈfəʊtəʊz/
zoo - zoos /zuːz/
radio - radios /ˈreɪdiəʊz/
kangaroo - kangaroos /ˌkæŋɡəˈruːz/
词尾加 -es
tomato - tomatoes /təˈmeɪtəʊz/
potato - potatoes /pəˈteɪtəʊz/
hero - heroes /ˈhɪərəʊz/
Negro - Negroes /ˈniːɡrəʊz/
mango - mangoes /ˈmæŋɡəʊz/
部分词加 -s 或 -es 均可
zero - zeros /ˈzɪərəʊz/ 或 zeroes /ˈzɪərəʊz/
volcano - volcanos /vɒlˈkeɪnəʊz/ 或 volcanoes /vɒlˈkeɪnəʊz/
5.以f或fe结尾的名词,变成复数有两种形式:
把f/fe改为v-es
knife /naɪf/ → knives /naɪvz/
leaf /liːf/ → leaves /liːvz/
shelf /ʃelf/ → shelves /ʃelvz
wolf /wʊlf/ → wolves /wʊlvz/
calf /kɑːf/ → calves /kɑːvz/
half /hɑːf/ → halves /hɑːvz/
life /laɪf/ → lives /laɪvz/
有些直接加词尾-s
chief/chiefs 首领
roof/roofs屋顶
cliff-cliffs悬崖
单复数同形
sheep /ʃiːp/ → sheep /ʃiːp/
fish /fɪʃ/ → fish /fɪʃ/
deer /dɪə(r)/ → deer /dɪə(r)/
Chinese /ˌtʃaɪˈniːz/ → Chinese /ˌtʃaɪˈniːz/
Japanese /ˌdʒæpəˈniːz/ → Japanese /ˌdʒæpəˈniːz/
改变元音字母
man /mæn/ → men /men/
woman /ˈwʊmən/ → women /ˈwɪmɪn/
foot /fʊt/ → feet /fiːt/
tooth /tuːθ/ → teeth /tiːθ/
goose /ɡuːs/ → geese /ɡiːs/
可数名词单数变复数的不规则变化
词尾发生变化
child /tʃaɪld/ → children /ˈtʃɪldrən/
ox /ɒks/ → oxen /ˈɒksən/
其他特殊变化
mouse /maʊs/ → mice /maɪs/
louse /laʊs/ → lice /laɪs/
可数名词变复数的不规则变化-总结
1.英法男女和警察末尾“a” 变 “e”
2.鹅脚与牙齿oo变ee
3.老鼠们喜欢吃 冰淇淋ice
4. 词尾加“ren” “en”
5.中国人(Chinese)和日本人(Japanese)都爱吃新鲜(fish & sheep)的鹿(deer)
1.在句子中作主语:
The cat is sleeping on the sofa. 猫正在沙发上睡觉。
My friends like playing basketball. 我的朋友们喜欢打篮球。
2.在句子中作宾语:
I need a pen to write this letter. 我需要一支笔来写这封信。
She invited her friends to her party. 她邀请了她的朋友们参加她的派对。
3.在句子中作定语:
The apple tree is in the garden. 那棵苹果树在花园里。
The children's toys are all over the floor. 孩子们的玩具扔了一地。
可数名词单复数在实际语境中的应用
课本
练一练
中文翻译
你最喜欢的动物是什么? 是猴子。
企鹅来自哪里? 他们来自南极洲。
你为什么那么喜欢企鹅? 因为他们非常可爱!
你为什么不喜欢蛇? 因为他们很吓人。
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课本
练一练
where
They’re
do
because
What’s
don’t
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课本练一练
eagles
foxes
giraffes
mouses
penguins
sharks
sheep
snakes
whales
bears
Giraffes/penguins/sheep/bears
Eagles/foxes/mouses/sharks/snakes/whales
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1.The ________ are falling from the tree in autumn.
A.leafs B.leaf C.leaies D.leaves
2.We should brush our ________ every day.
A.tooth B.hands C.teeth D.face
3.My uncle has a farm, and there are some ________ on the farm.
A.chicken and sheep B.chickens and sheeps
C.chickens and sheep D.chicken and sheeps
4.—Can you see three ______ in the room? —Yes. ______ are teachers.
A.woman; They B.women; They C.women; She
5.My uncle is a farmer. He keeps many _______ on his farm.
A.pig B.hen C.horse D.sheep
拓展
练一练
D
C
C
B
D
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6.—What are these?
—They are ________.
A.goose B.sheep C.hen
7.How many ________ are there in the zoo?
A.monkey B.monkeys C.a monkey
8.The goldfish has no ________.
A.arms or legs B.arm or leg C.arms and legs D.arm and leg
9.I want to buy two ________ of strawberries.
A.kilo B.kilos C.bottle D.bottles
10.Look at the ________. They are cute.
A.duck B.ducks C.a duck
拓展
练一练
B
B
A
B
B
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11.The giraffe is very tall, so it can eat ________the on the tree.
A.leaves B.leafs C.leafes
12.These ________ are from Africa.
A.giraffe B.giraffes C.girafves D.girafveses
13.She often gives me some ________.
A.advise B.advices C.suggest D.suggestions
14.—Would you like some ________? —Yes, please. I like them very much.
A.pear B.watermelons C.lemon D.strawberry
15.A group of ________ are having a great time ________ Shaanxi History Museum now.
A.visitors; visit B.visitors; visiting C.visitor; visit D.visitor; visiting
拓展练一练
A
B
D
B
B
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THE END
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