UNIT 1 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language（课件PPT）-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（人教版2024）

SCIENCE FICTION UNIT 1 Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language 语法慧学·提升语言能力 目 录 Contents 课时作业(二) 语基输入·助力语言输出 语法慧学·提升语言能力 过去将来时的被动语态 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 动词不定式的被动语态 过去进行时的被动语态 一般过去时的被动语态 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 was built be done had been forced 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 be employed be taken swept to read 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 seeing to be preserved/preserving feels 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 to be lifted to understand to announce to make 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 were invited has been changed are removed 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 were used is envied have been made to be done 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 pulling/to be pulled washes be delivered 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 which is being restored this area was named 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 to be discussed are difficult to remember 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 homework hadn't been finished their own house is being rebuilt 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 语基输入·助力语言输出 1 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 presumption It is presumed that 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 2 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 is based basic basis 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 On the basis of these facts/Based on these facts 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 3 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 on calculation 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 is calculated to attract Scientists have calculated that It has been calculated by scientists that 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 课时作业(二)　语言运用专项 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 制 作 者：状元桥 适用对象：高中学生 制作软件：Powerpoint2010、 Photoshop cs3 运行环境：WindowsXP以上操作系统 复习被动语态 请观察下列教材句子中画线部分的语态形式并体会它们的语法特征。 1．(教材P2)It was going to be tested out by Larry's wife, Claire.____________________________ 2．(教材P2)…but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn't harm her or allow her to be harmed. ____________________________ 3．(教材P2)Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human, and it was disturbing. ____________________________ 4．(教材P2)As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops, he wrote out a list of things that he would need for his work on the house.____________________________ 一、各种时态的被动语态形式 项目 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 现在 am/is/are done am/is/are being done has/have been done 过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done 将来 shall/will be done / shall/will have been done ►(2023·北京)Each week, participants will be asked to complete a topic-specific reflection task.每周，参与者将被要求完成一项针对特定主题的反思任务。 ►Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. 在反复试验的情况下，在类似的测试中，凤头鹦鹉比猴子表现更好。 ►Various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism. 现在各种类型的旅行都被归类为生态旅游。 [即时训练1]——单句语法填空 (1)(2024·新课标Ⅱ)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, _____________ (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace. (2)(2024·全国甲)What should ___________(do) with such a beautiful place? (3)It was the first time that the rescue team ___________ _______(force) to dismiss the idea of exploring the dangerous area. 二、被动语态的特殊结构形式 1．带情态动词的被动结构，其形式为“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”。 ►The old man can plant 200 trees every day. →200 trees can be planted by the old man every day. 那个老人每天可以种200棵树。 2．有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。 ►His mother gave him a present for his birthday. →He was given a present for his birthday by his mother. →A present for his birthday was given to him by his mother.他的母亲送给他一件生日礼物。 3．当“动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。 ►Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. →The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 有人抓到那个男孩吸烟。 4．在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补足语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。 ►Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. →A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 有人看见一个陌生人走进大楼。 5．有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开，其中的介词或副词也不能省略。 ►We are to put off the meeting till Friday. →The meeting is to be put off till Friday. 我们将把会议推迟到周五。 6．含有“动词＋名词＋介词”(如make use of, pay attention to, take care of等)的主动句变为被动句时，有两种方法：一是把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语；二是把固定动词短语中的名词变为被动句的主语。 ►We should make use of our time to study. →Our time should be made use of to study. →Use should be made of our time to study. 我们应该利用时间学习。 7．构成被动语态的助动词除了be之外，还可以用get。 ►It will undoubtedly help you get refreshed! 毫无疑问，它能帮助你恢复精力！ [即时训练2]——单句语法填空 (1)(2023·全国甲)Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still ____ ________(employ) today to draw attention to important truths. (2)The chairman said that the children in the centre should____________(take) good care of. (3)Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got _________(sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish. (4)The boy was made ___________ (read) English by his mother every day during last summer holiday. 三、主动形式表示被动意义 1．连系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, remain, seem, hear, appear, prove等)后接表语时，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。 ►The boys playing football there look so excited. 在那里踢足球的男孩们看上去那么兴奋。 ►What he said at the meeting sounded encouraging. 他在会上说的话听起来令人备受鼓舞。 2．当wash, write, sell, open, close, shut, lock, cook等不及物动词后加副词(easily, well等)时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。 ►This kind of cloth washes easily and lasts long.这种布料很容易洗，并且耐穿。 ►The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly.父亲给我的作为生日礼物的钢笔写起来很流畅。 3．need, want, require, deserve等＋doing，用主动形式表示被动意义。 ►The dirty floor really needs cleaning. →The dirty floor really needs to be cleaned. 这脏脏的地板确实需要打扫一下了。 4．be worth doing→be worthy to be done，主动形式表被动意义。 ►The novel is worth reading again. →The novel is worthy to be read again. 这部小说值得再读一次。 [即时训练3]——单句语法填空 (1)Our teacher also said that the new film was well worth __________(see) again. (2)His music deserved ___________________________ (preserve) in the family. (3)It is known to us that ice always _________(feel) cold. 四、动词不定式的被动语态 1．动词不定式的被动语态由“to＋be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成，当动词不定式所表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系时，要用动词不定式的被动式。动词不定式的被动式只有一般式和完成式。 ►The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni. Ginni意识到这是一片宝贵的土地，应该受到人类的尊重，这是她感触最深的事情之一。 ►By the end of 2020, Pruitt had repaired more than 140 for donation or to be returned to their owners. 到2020年底为止，Pruitt修好的140多辆自行车要么用于捐赠，要么被归还给车主。 ►The room seems to have been broken into. 似乎有人闯进过这间房子。 2．动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义的情况 (1)动词不定式与被修饰的名词或代词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，且与句中另一名词或代词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系时。 ►The poor old man only has a very small room to live in. 那位可怜的老人只有一间很小的房间住。 (2)动词不定式跟在性质形容词后，与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系时。 ►It is said that these apples are good to eat. 据说这些苹果很好吃。 (3)某些动词(如blame, let等)的不定式用在be后作表语时，用主动形式表示被动意义。 ►The police thought that the careless driver was to blame for the accident. 警察认为事故应归咎于粗心的司机。 (4)动词不定式与疑问词连用时。 ►With so many books on hand, Tom had no idea which book to read first. 手头有那么多的书，汤姆不知道应该先读哪一本。 [即时训练4]——单句语法填空 (1)(2023·新课标Ⅰ)Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ________________(lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents. (2)I hear that the new text is hard _________________ (understand)． (3)May I have your attention, please? I have something important_______________(announce)． (4)He is so young that he really doesn't know what decision ___________(make)． Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．On the last day of our stay, we ________________ (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm. 2．Though we don't know what was discussed, yet we can feel the topic ____________________(change)． 3．When fat and salt______________(remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. 4．Steam engines ____________(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. 5．He_____________(envy) by many men, because he has a big house, a car and a good family. 6．We won't start the work until all the preparations __________________(make)． 7．The next thing______________(do) is to clean the classroom. 8．To make way for the wide street, these houses need ________________________(pull) down. 9．The new clothes are a little expensive but the cloth __________(wash) well. 10．If your order is ready, the T-shirt will _____________ (deliver) to you as soon as possible. Ⅱ.语法与写作(使用被动语态) 1．正在修复的塔将很快向游客开放。 The tower __________________________ will be open to tourists soon. 2．据报道，去年这个地区被命名为国家野生动植物保护区。 It is reported that _______________________ a national wildlife reserve last year. 3．我听说，明天要讨论的主题是关于小孩子的教育问题。 I hear that the topic ___________________ tomorrow is about little children's education. 4．汤姆发现，有些英语单词很难记。 Tom finds that some English words _________________ _________. 5．他回到学校时作业还没做完。 His _______________________________ when he came back to school. 6．他们现在和父母住在一起，因为他们自己的房子正在重建。 They are living with their parents for the moment because ____________________________________. (教材P4)Whoever is charged with a crime should be presumed innocent until proven otherwise. 任何被指控犯罪的人被证明有罪前应该假定为无罪。 presume　vt.& vi.假设；假定 ①It is presumed that…　人们认为…… presume…to be… 假定……是…… ②presumption n．可能的事；假定 He said nothing, but I presumed that he understood the rules. 他没有说话，但我相信他明白这些规则。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)Everyone is entitled to the _______________(presume) of innocence until they are proved to be guilty. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (2)人们认为，在这里建一个新学校是合理的。 _______________________ it is reasonable to set up a new school here. (教材P4)money paid for work or services, typically on a daily or weekly basis为工作或服务支付的钱，通常是以每天或每周的方式支付 on a…basis　根据；以……的方式(基准) ①basis　n.(pl.bases)基础；根据；原因，缘由；基准，准则 on the basis of以……为基础 ②base vt.以……为基础 n．基础；基部；基地 base…on/upon把……置于……基础之上 be based on/upon以……为基础 ③basic adj.基础的；基本的 I am saving money on a regular basis with the aim of buying a house of my own. 我正在定期存钱，目的是买一套属于我自己的房子。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)The play the girl participating in ____________(base) on Irish legend. (2)You'd better learn some_______(base) Chinese before you study for a degree in Chinese culture. (3)The teacher recommended that students should go over what they have learned on a regular _________(base)． [习作练笔]——补全句子 (4)根据这些事实，我们可以得出他有罪的结论。 _____________________________________________, we can draw the conclusion that he is guilty. (教材P4)They believe if AI can handle tasks like calculating and driving for us, we will have more time for creating, thinking, and “being human”．他们认为，如果智能机器人能够处理像计算和为我们开车这些任务，我们会有更多的时间来创作、思考和“作为人生活”。 calculate　vt.计算；核算；预测 ①calculate on(＝count/rely/depend on) 预期；指望，依赖 be calculated to do sth(＝be intended/designed to do sth) 打算做/故意做/可能做某事 ②It is calculated that… 据估算…… ③calculating adj.精于计算的 calculation n．计算 calculator n．计算器 It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance. 据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)We calculate _____ having fine weather for the sports meeting next week. (2)To our great excitement, our guess was eventually confirmed by_______________(calculate)． [习作练笔]——补全句子/一句多译 (3)这个广告旨在吸引家庭主妇的注意力。 This advertisement ____________________________ the attention of housewives. (4)据科学家计算，到本世纪末，世界人口将翻一番。 ①___________________________________ the world's population will double by the end of the century. ②____________________________________________ the world's population will double by the end of the century. $$